,! ,D>K ,AGES &! ,DAWN ( ,ORGANIZ,N ,! YE> #AIIJ HOLDS EXTRAORD9>Y SIGNIFIC.E = BL ,AM]ICANS4 ,X M>KS ! GOLD5 ANNIV]S>Y (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL & S MEMORIALIZES ! F/ HALF-C5TURY ( COLLECTIVE SELF-ORGANIZ,N 0! BL P (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,? BOOK IS ! /ORY ( ^? FIFTY YE>S ( ,F$],NISM 9 ,AM]ICA3 ! HI/ORY (A UNIQUE SOCIAL REVOLU;N1 DEMOCRATIC & NONVIOL5T B N ALW P1CE;L2 ! DRAMA ( AN IRRESI/I# =CE "S CALL X BL =CE COLLID+ AG & AG )! SEEM+LY IMMOVA# OBJECTS ( SUP]VI.N & SUP]/I;N2 &! N>RATIVE (A M9OR;Y GR\P ONCE P[].S1 SCATT]$1 & IMPOV]I%$ -+ TGR Z A P & =G+ AN 9DEP5D5T MOVE;T1 GA9+ SELF-EXPRES.N & LE>N+ SELF-DIREC;N1 PROCLAIM+ NORMAL;Y & DEM&+ EQUAL;Y4 ,! /ORY 2G9S1 (FICI,Y1 )! E/ABLI%;T (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL 9 #AIDJ4 ,B ! HI/ORIC SIGNIFIC.E ( T EV5T C 2 FULLY "U/OOD ONLY AG/ ! BACKGR.D ( E>LI] ATTEMPTS 6IMPROVE ! DEP5D5T /ATUS (! BL "? SELF-ORGANIZ,N & SELF-HELP4 ,X IS A LL-"KN FACT T ORGANIZ,NS (! BL H EXI/$ 9 "O =M OR ANO!R = _M HUNDR$S1 POSSIBLY ?\S&S1 ( YE>S4 ,! E>LIE/ RECORD ( _! EXI/;E -ES1 P]H SURPRIS+LY1 F ,*9A ": BL PAUP]S 7MO/ ( !M APP>5TLY BE7>S L O!RS (! 4A#D7 B&$ TGR = MUTUAL PROTEC;N NE>LY A MILL5NIUM AGO1 GIV+ RISE 6NUMB]S ( GUILDS & ASSOCI,NS 7-POS$ 5TIRELY ( BL P7 : 7 A# 9 "T 6A*IEVE FULL LEGAL & SOCIAL /ATUS4 ,! EXTRAORD9>Y SELF- DET]M9+ & SELF-SU6ICI5T "* ( ^! PRE- MOD]N ,*9ESE ASSOCI,NS HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ 0A BL SOCIOLOGI/1 ,C4 ,$W9 ,VAUS GUILDS ( CRAFTSM51 "W]S1 & M]*ANTS 7 -MON4 ,_! PURPOSE 0 6PREV5T EXPLOIT,N F GOV]N;T (FICIALS & 6PROVIDE 9T]NAL REGUL,N ( TRADE & CRAFT >1S ( EMPLOY;T4 ,"! 0 9 ,BEIJ+1 =M]LY ,PEK+1 A GUILD -PRIS$ ( BL P]SONS :O MADE A C>E] ( S++1 5T]TA9+1 & /ORYTELL+4 ,P>5TS WD SEEK 6PLACE A "Y BL SON 96? GUILD S T HE MIN A TRADE = 8 FUTURE LIFEL;G EMPLOY;T4 ,Z HE SU3E$$ 9 ! REQUIR$ SKILLS1 HE WD RISE 9 /ATUS 9 ! GUILD 6! LEVEL ( MA/]4 ,BL GUILD MEMB]S 9 ,*9A 7 SELF-GOV]N+4 ,! GUILD 0 GOV]N$ 0A BO>D ( =TY-EIY 0 ! ONLY SID 6MEMB]%IP1 9CLUD+ ! 4CIPL9E ( MEMB]S1 ! *>GES = S]VICES1 &! RECRUIT;T ( NEW MEMB]S 96! GUILD4 ,! GUILD MET TWICE EA* YE>1 &! MEET+S LA/$ UNTIL #E3JJ A4M4 ,B X 0 9 ,EUROPE1 DUR+ ! ,MI4LE ,AGES1 T 9DEP5D5T GUILDS & BRO!RHOODS (! BL CAME 6BE MO/ HIIS 9 ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY4 ,9 ? REM>KA# 3GREG,N LIV$ S"EAL HUNDR$ BL M5 & WOM5 :O SU3ESS;LLY GOV]N$ !MVS "? A POPUL> ASSEMBLY & W]E1 )9 ! SEV]E MONA/IC LIMITS (! 5T]PRISE1 5TIRELY SELF- SU6ICI5T4 ,9 "T1 H["E1 ! SUSPICIONS & /]EOTYPES (! WID] SOCIETY "W$ AG/ ? EXTRAORD9>Y EXP]I;T 9 SELF-GOV]N;T 0! SIY ASSOCI,NS EMBODI$4 ,F/ ( ALL1 ( C\RSE1 !Y 7 A M1NS ( MUTUAL PROTEC;N AT A "T :5 BL;S 0 REG>D$ EI Z A -MUNICA# 41SE OR Z PUNI%;T = S9S1 & :5 ! SIE;LLY >TICULAT$ SOCIETY (! P]IOD4 ,= ^! GUILDS (! BL 7 N UNIQUE 9 ! AGE ( FEUDALISM2 !Y COEXI/$ )A WIDE V>IETY ( O!R SPECIALIZ$ ASSOCI,NS1 EA* ) XS "PICUL> "RS & /ATUS1 : TGR MADE UP ! M$IEVAL -MUN;Y4 ,"? S* GR\PS1 L>GELY VOLUNT>Y1 ! BL & O!RS (! 4A#D GA9$ A COLLECTIVE ID5T;Y &A DEGREE ( SECUR;Y : 0 O!RWISE D5I$ !M4 ,9DE$1 GR\P MEMB]%IP 0 ESS5TIAL 6ALL M5 & WOM5 Z A S\RCE ( RECOGNI;N & ID5TIFIC,N4 ,! UNATTA*$ P]SON DUR+ ! ,MI4LE ,AGES1 Z ! HI/ORIAN ,LEWIS ,MUM=D HAS WRITT51 0 "O EI 3DEMN$ 6EXILE OR DOOM$ 6D1?2 IF ALIVE1 HE IMMLY S"\ 6ATTA* HMF1 AT L1/ 6A B& ( RO2]S4 ,6EXI/1 "O _H 62L;G 6AN ASSOCI,N3 A H\SEHOLD1 A MANOR1 A MONA/]Y1 A GUILD2 "! 0 NO SECUR;Y EXCEPT 9 ASSOCI,N1 & NO FREEDOM T DID N RECOGNIZE ! OBLIG,NS (A CORPORATE LIFE4 ,:AT 0 TRUE =! PROSP]\S & A#-BODI$ "! 0 NO SECUR;Y EXCEPT 9 ASSOCI,N 0 M PROF.DLY TRUE =! BL2 & X IS LIKELY T !Y 5JOY$ A GRT] M1SURE ( PHYSICAL & ECONOMIC SECUR;Y )9 ! CORPORATIVE1 GUILD-ORI5T$ SOCIETY (! ,MI4LE ,AGES ?AN 9 ANY PREVI\S P]IOD ( HI/ORY C]TA9LY M ?AN 9 ! S-CALL$ GOLD5 AGE ( CLASSICAL ANTIQU;Y1 :5 ! -MON FATE ( BL MALES 0 6BE SOLD 96GALLEY SLAV]Y & T ( BL FEMALES 6BE SOLD 96:ITE SLAV]Y4 ,NOR WD ! F/ C5TURIES (! MOD]N ]A -P>E FAVORABLY )! M$IEVAL SITU,N4 ,=! BL1 Z = O!RS (! 4A#D1 ! BR1KUP (! FEUDAL ORD] &! EM]G;E (! MOD]N _W 7 9 CRUCIAL RESPECTS N PROGRESS B RETR1T4 ,! MOVE;T F GR\P /ATUS 69DIVIDUAL 3TRACT & M SPECIFIC,Y ! 5ACT;T (! 9FAM\S ,ELIZABE?AN ,POOR ,LAWS N M]ELY DEPRIV$ ! BL ( _! FRAT]NAL GUILDS B LEFT !M SCATT]$1 ALI5AT$1 & UTT]LY DEP5D5T ^U ! *>ITA# IMPULSES (A NEW SOCIETY 9DI6]5T AT BE/ & FREQU5TLY CRUEL 9 XS TR1T;T (! H&ICAPP$4 ,9 ? ATMOSPH]E X IS N SURPRIS+ T ORGANIZ,NS (! BL1 L TRADE UNIONS & O!R 9DEP5D5T ASSOCI,NS (! POOR1 7 ACTIVELY 4C\RAG$ & 4CR$IT$4 ,)9 ! V>I\S SEP>ATE 9/ITU;NS T GREW UP 6TAKE C>E ( !M ! ALMSH\SES & "WH\SES & SUBSEQU5TLY ! S*OOLS1 HOMES1 LIT] (! N9ETE5? C5TURY T VOLUNT>Y ASSOCI,NS ( BL P 2GAN AG 6TAKE %APE1 9ITI,Y 9 ! =M ( LOCAL & SPECIALIZ$ GR\PS4 ,"O (! F/ ON RECORD 0 ! ,FRI$L&] ,UNION ( ,PHILADELPHIA1 ORGANIZ$ 9 #AHGA2 SIX YE>S LAT] CAME ! ,NEW ,YORK ,BL ,AID ,ASSOCI,N1 AL -POS$ PREDOM9ANTLY ( SILY ALUMNI ASSOCI,NS 7 L>GELY DEF5SIVE 9 "*1 =! PRIM>Y /IMULUS 6_! ORGANIZ,N CAME F ! TRAGIC FAILURE (! SPECIAL S*OOLS =! BL 6ATTA9 ! GRT OBJECTIVE : _H BE5 ! DR1M (! PIONE] $UCATORS 7S* M5 Z ,VAL5T9 ,HAUY ( ,FR.E1 ,JOHANN ,KLE9 ( ,AU/RIA1 & ,AM]ICA'S ,SAMUEL ,GRIDLEY ,H[E71 "NLY1 ! GOAL ( ECONOMIC 9TEGR,N (! $UCAT$ BL 96! MA9/R1M ( SOCIETY4 ,2F RESUM+ \R N>RATIVE ( SELF-ORGANIZ,N1 X IS WOR? RECALL+ ? MISADV5TURE (! S*OOLS &! %OCK ( RECOGNI;N : X PROVID$4 ,F _! 2G9N+S T[>D ! MI4LE (! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ,AM]ICAN RESID5TIAL S*OOLS =! BL FOLL[$ ! MODEL (! ,EUROP1N S*OOLS 9 PLAC+ _! MA9 CURRICUL> EMPHASIS ^U VOC,NAL TRA9+ : *IEFLY M1NT 9/RUC;N 9 ! SKILLS ( W1V+1 KNITT+1 BASKETRY1 & *AIR CAN+1 PLUS MUSIC & O!R >TS4 ,X 0 ! 3VIC;N (! E>LY S*OOLMA/]S T ONCE _! BL W>DS _H %[N ! ABIL;Y 6MA/] ^! TRADES !Y WD 2 EMBRAC$ =?) 0A TOL]ANT & RECEPTIVE SOCIETY4 ,X IS 3FID5TLY 2LIEV$1 SD "O S*OOL (FICIAL 9 #AHED1 T ! BL1 ) PROP] 9/RUC;N1 W 2 A# 6MA9TA9 !MVS FREE ( *>GE F _! FRS OR ! /ATE4 ,"! W 2 Z FEW EXCEP;NS AM;G ? CLASS1 AC 6_! NUMB]S1 Z AM;G ^? :O H SILY S*OOLM5 %[$ !MVS 6BE TRUE HEIRS (! ,5LIDS 9 ORD] 6MAKE !M AT ONCE FREE & SELF-SU6ICI5T4 ,B X 0 N L;G 2F !Y 4COV]$ _! ]ROR : 0 T :ILE ! BL 7 2+ PREP>$ 65T] SOCIETY1 NO?+ 0 2+ D"O 6PREP>E SOCIETY 6RCV !M4 ,! OLD PREJUDICES & AV].NS ( EMPLOY]S &! G5]AL PUBLIC REMA9$ 9TACT2 ! NEWLY TRA9$ GRADUATES (! S*OOLS 7 GIV5 LL OR NO *.E 6PROVE _! ABILITIES1 B 9/1D F.D ALL DOORS CLOS$ AG/ !M4 ,\R GRADUATES 2GAN 6RETURN 6U1 AC 6A S*OOL (FICIAL1 REPRES5T+ ! EMB>RASS;T ( _! 3DI;N ABROAD1 & SOLICIT+ EMPLOY;T AT \R H&S4 #C ,! RESPONSE (! S*OOLS 6? REBUFF 0 P]H ONLY NATURAL1 B X 0 AL UN=TUNATELY DEF1TI/4 ,9/1D ( "UTAK+ PROGRAMS ( PUBLIC $UC,N1 SELECTIVE PLACE;T &! L 9 ORD] 6BR1K D[N ! O3UP,NAL B>RI]S AG/ _! BL /UD5TS1 ! S*OOLMA/]S SIMPLY AB&ON$ ! GOAL ( NORMAL -PETITIVE EMPLOY;T ALT4 ,Z A BL L1D] (A LAT] ]A1 ,JACOBUS T5,BROEK1 0 6WRITE ( ? EPISODE3 ,AT ! F/ SIGNS ( PUBLIC RESI/.E1 ! OPTIMI/IC PHILOSOPHY (! S*OOL M5 CRUM#D2 !Y 3C$$ 9 E6ECT T !Y _H BE5 WR;G 9 2LIEV+ ! BL CAPA# ( -PETI;N & SELF-SUPPORT2 !Y 7 PREP>$ 6A3EPT Z IRREMOVA# ! PROHIBITIVE /]EOTYPES AG/ : !Y _H =M]LY RANG$ !MVS1 & 6ASSI/ 9 RE9=C+ ! ANCI5T WALLS ( SEGREG,N & DEP5D5CY4 #D ,T5,BROEK'S CRITICAL ^WS 7 APPROPRIATE 6! FACT2 9/1D (A PLACE 9 ! SUN1 ! BL /UD5TS 7 (F]$ A %ELT] 9 ! %ADE (! S*OOL Y>D1 ": !Y MI ( -PETI;N OR 3TAM9,N F ! SEE+ _W4 ,Z "O REPORT (! P]IOD SADLY 3CLUD$3 ,! PROP] PREV5TIVE IS ! E/ABLI%;T (A RETR1T ": _! BR1D C 2 E>N$1 _! MORALS PROTECT$1 &A J E/IMATE PUT ^U _! TAL5TS4 #E ,T /ATE;T MIOSE Z A RESULT (! BITT] EXP]I;E (! S*OOLS =! BL ) VOC,NAL TRA9+ & EMPLOY;T4 ,! ROLE (! "W%OPS W 2 4CUSS$ 9 LAT] PAGES2 B X IS P]T95T "H 6NOTE T ! BL ALUMNI ASSOCI,NS CAME 962+ 9 ! WAKE ( ? EPISODE1 PROVID+ "S?+ (A BU6] AG/ ! TOTAL LOSS ( 3FID;E & SELF-RESPECT AM;G ! $UCAT$ BL4 ,"O S* ALUMNI GR\P 0 T : 0 =M$ 9 #AHIE 0GRADUATES (! ,MISS\RI ,S*OOL2 )9 A YE> ( XS F.D+ ! ,MISS\RI GR\P OP5$ XS RANKS 6GRADUATES ( O!R S*OOLS & TOOK ON ! "N (! ,AM]ICAN ,BL ,P'S ,HI<] ,$UC,N & ,G5]AL ,IMPROVE;T ,ASSOCI,N4 ,X DREW SUPPORT PROMPTLY F BL 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS 9 A DOZ5 /ATES ACR ! C.TRY1 & 2F ! TURN (! C5TURY _H HELD 3V5;NS 9 ,MISS\RI & ,KANSAS4 ,9 #AIJC ! "* (! GR\P Z AN ORGANIZ,N (! BL 0 ABRUPTLY TRANS=M$ :5 REPRES5TATIVES ( S"EAL S*OOL ADM9I/R,NS APPE>$ AT XS 3V5;N BE>+ A PLAN =A :OLLY DI6]5T K9D ( ASSOCI,N 69CLUDE N ONLY ! BL B AL S*OOL & PROGRAM ADM9I/RATORS4 ,9 #AIJE ! ,ASSOCI,N =M,Y AB&ON$ XS OLD ID5T;Y ALT & 2CAME ! ,AM]ICAN ,ASSOCI,N ( ,"W]S =! ,BL 7,,AAWB7 ?US 5D+ ! F/ T5TATIVE ATTEMPT ON ! "P ( BL ,AM]ICANS 6ORGANIZE 9DEP5D5TLY ON A N,NWIDE BASIS4 ,? DEN\E;T 0 N1 H["E1 Q Z DE/RUCTIVE A BL[ 6! PR9CIPLE ( SELF-ORGANIZ,N & SELF- EXPRES.N Z X WD SEEM4 ,= "O ?+ ! IMPULSE 6ORGANIZE ON LOCAL & /ATE LEVELS1 ONCE SET 9 MO;N 0! ALUMNI (! S*OOLS1 GREW /1DILY & SOON EMBRAC$ O!R GR\PS ( BL P]SONS4 ,AT ! SAME "T ! DEVELOP;T ( G5]AL-PURPOSE N,NAL AG5CIES -B9+ ALL >1S ( "W =! BL AG5CIES S* Z ! ,,AAWB & 7LAT]7 ! ,AM]ICAN ,F.D,N =! ,BL REPRES5T$ A =W>D /EP T[>D ! PROFES.NALIZ,N & MOD]NIZ,N ( ? SPECIAL 7& TRADI;N,Y BACKW>D7 FIELD ( S]VICES 6! BL4 ,FOLL[+ XS REORGANIZ,N 69CLUDE SIILY Z A RESE>* & COORD9AT+ >M (! AG5CIES =! BL2 9 E6ECT1 IF ! ,,AAWB FILL$ ! ROLE ( AN ,N4,A4,M4 9 "W )! BL1 ! ,F.D,N TOOK ON ! /ATURE (A -B9$ ,DUPONT-,G5]AL ,MOTORS 9 ! BL;S SY/EM4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F.D,N =! ,BL PROVID$ ! FRAME"W =! ORGANIZ,NAL PATT]N (! S]VICE AG5CIES : 0 6PREVAIL UNDISTURB$ UNTIL ! ADV5T (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL 9 #AIDJ4 ,? PATT]N1 C>RI$ \ 0A HO/ ( AG5CIES AT ! /ATE & -MUN;Y LEVELS1 (T5 "U ! GUID.E (! ,,AFB1 EMBRAC$ F\R 4T9CT >1S ( 5D1VOR3 ^? ( RESE>* 1 RES\RCES 1 S]VICES 1 & REPRES5T,N 4 ,ALL F\R ( ^! FUNC;NS 9CLUD+ EV5 T ( REPRES5T+1 OR SP1K+ =1 ! BL W]E1 = _! "T1 5TIRELY LEGITIMATE & 3/RUCTIVE2 9DE$1 ! ,,AFB MADE GRT PROGRESS OV] ! YE>S ) REG>D 6! F/ ?REE FUNC;NS4 ,X 9ITIAT$ ! F/ SUB/ANTIAL & SY/EMATIC RESE>* 96BL;S & XS PRO#MS2 X DEVELOP$ & MADE AVAILA# =! F/ "T A V>IETY ( SIGNIFICANT RES\RCES1 & X GRTLY EXP&$ ! RANGE & QUAL;Y ( S]VICES 6! BL $UC,NAL & ECONOMIC Z WELL Z RECRE,NAL & SOCIAL4 ,Z = XS ROLE 9 ^? YE>S Z SPOKESMAN =! BL1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,F.D,N =! ,BL AT XS WOR/ 0 BETT] ?AN NO SPOKESMAN AT ALL & AT BE/ 0 AN E6ECTIVE *AMPION = MOD]NIZ$ POLICIES & M*-NE$$ LEGISL,N4 ,Z ,JACOBUS T5,BROEK1 ,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN1 & O!R L1D]S (! ORGANIZ$ BL H REP1T$LY MA9TA9$1 ! AG5CY /RUCTURE ( "W =! BL DUR+ ! DECADES PRIOR 6#AIDJ 3TROLL$ AT ! TOP Z X 0 0! ,,AFB &! ,,AAWB RESEM#D NO?+ S M* Z A COLONIAL REGIME (! N9ETE5?-C5TURY V>IETY IMPOS$1 ) 2NEVOL5T PURPOSE & "S 3/RUCTIVE E6ECT1 ^U A DEP5D5T & 9>TICULATE P4 ,L O!R COLONIAL ADM9I/R,NS1 FUR!RMORE1 ! AG5CY SY/EM 0 DE/9$ 6GIVE WAY 6A DEMOCRATIC =M ( SELF- GOV]N;T :5 XS BL W>DS %D -E 6F9D _! [N VOICE & 6DCL _! 9DEP5D;E4 ,T CRITICAL TURN+ PO9T 0 6-E 9 #AIDJ Z ! NATURAL & ALM 9EVITA# CLIMAX (! SPONTANE\S URGE T[>D ASSOCI,N ON ! "P ( BL P 9 /ATE AF /ATE4 ,_M ( ^! GR\PS 7 \TCROPP+S (! S*OOL ALUMNI -B9,NS1 S* Z ! ,ALUMNI ,ASSOCI,N ( ,CALI=NIA ,S*OOL =! ,BL =M$ 0! LEG5D>Y ,NEWEL ,P]RY &A H&;L ( H>DY COLL1GUES 2F ! TURN (! C5TURY =! ANN\NC$ PURPOSE ( HELP+ BL P 7Z ,DR4 ,P]RY DCLD7 6ESCAPE DEF1TISM & 6A*IEVE NORMAL MEMB]%IP 9 SOCIETY4 ,AL? X _C 2 SD T ^! E>LY ASSOCI,NS AM;G ! BL 7 YET PREP>$ 6DEM& ! FULL "RS ( EQUAL;Y & NORMAL;Y1 ,NEWEL ,P]RY'S DECL>,N SET ! PREC$5T & PO9T$ ! DIREC;N 9 : !Y 7 6EVOLVE4 ,OV] ! NEXT ?REE DECADES LOCAL ORGANIZ,NS ( BL M5 & WOM5 )9 HALF A DOZ5 /ATES CAME TGR 6=M /ATEWIDE ASSOCI,NS4 ,AM;G !M 7 ! ,C5TRAL ,-MITTEE (! ,BL ( ,ILL9OIS2 ! ,BADG] ,ASSOCI,N (! ,BL 9 ,WISCONS92 ! ,P5NSYLVANIA ,F$],N (! ,BL2 ! ,MUTUAL ,F$],N (! ,BL 9 ,OHIO2 &! ,CALI=NIA ,C\NCIL = 7LAT] ( 7 ! ,BL4 ,! FUNDA;TAL PURPOSES (! MULTIPLY+ LOCAL & /ATE ASSOCI,NS (! BL DUR+ ^! YE>S 7 NO DI6]5T F ^? : _H ANIMAT$ ! FREE BRO!RHOODS (! ,MI4LE ,AGES3 MUTUAL PROTEC;N1 GR\P ID5T;Y1 &A M1SURE ( SELF- EXPRES.N4 ,6^! M/ 2 A4$ ! M MOD]N URGE 6DEMON/RATE 6! SEE+ _W ! CAPAC;Y ( BL M5 & WOM5 6L1D _! [N LIVES & GOV]N _! [N A6AIRS4 ,MOREOV]1 )9 ^! ORGANIZ,NS 7 9CUBAT+ ! M PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES : 7 6F9D EXPRES.N 9 ! N,NAL MOVE;T (! BL4 ,AM;G !M 7 ! VI.N ( FULL & OP5 EMPLOY;T ( BL P]SONS 9 ! MA9/R1M ( -PETITIVE PURSUITS1 PROGRAMS ( PUBLIC AID PROVID+ ! 9C5TIVES NE$$ 65A# ! BL 6A*IEVE SELF- SUPPORT1 & VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N PROGRAMS GE>$ 69DIVIDUAL TAL5T & ABIL;Y R ?AN 6! /]EOTYP$ TRADES (! "WH\SE &! "W%OP4 ,^! W]E1 ( C\RSE1 B>ELY IMAG9$ VI/AS ( POSSIBIL;Y 9 ! P]IOD PRIOR 6! ,GRT ,DEPRES.N &! ,NEW ,D1L (! #AICJ'S4 ,SOCIAL PROVI.NS =! BL 7 TRADI;N,Y LIMIT$ 6/ATE & C.TY PROGRAMS1 9 A3ORD.E )! ANCI5T CU/OMS (! ,POOR ,LAW4 ,B )! VA/ 9CR1SE ( POV]TY & UNEMPLOY;T DUR+ ! ,DEPRES.N & NOTABLY )! PASSAGE (! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,ACT ( #AICE PUBLIC WELF>E & JOB OPPORTUN;Y 2CAME A N,NAL 3C]N1 &) X ! "PICUL> NE$S & PRO#MS ( BL ,AM]ICANS4 ,! GR[? (A N,NAL 3SCI\S;S &A S5SE ( SOLID>;Y ON ! "P ( BL ,AM]ICANS CORRESPOND$ ) ? BROAD] PUBLIC AW>E;S (! NE$ = N,NAL 7OR F$]AL7 SOLU;NS 6! PRO#MS ( 4ADVANTAG$ GR\PS4 ,B ! ASSUMP;N ( F$]AL RESPONSIBIL;Y = PUBLIC WELF>E & ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y 0 F> F 2+ AN UNMIX$ B.S+4 ,:ILE ! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,ACT 9JECT$ NEW 5]GIES & REV5UES 96! OLD AID PROGRAMS1 X AL 9TRODUC$ A BATT]Y ( 3DI;NS & REQUIRE;TS : (T5 B.D ! BL RECIPI5T M TIE CAME 6BE FELT MO/ %>PLY "U ! #AICI AM5D;TS 6! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,ACT4 ,^! *ANGES REQUIR$ T "U ANY /ATE PROGRAM =! BL 6: F$]AL FUNDS 7 3TRIBUT$ ALL ! 9COME & RES\RCES (! BL RECIPI5T M/ 2 C.T$ 9 FIX+ ! AM.T (! AID GRANT1 IF ANY4 ,:AT ? M1NT1 9 FACT1 0 T A BASIC GOAL = : ! BL _H BE5 /RIV+ ! EXEMP;N ( R1SONA# AM.TS ( 9COME Z AN 9C5TIVE 6SELF-SUPPORT 0 6BE ELIM9AT$ 0F$]AL EDICT4 ,9 V>I\S WAYS DUR+ ! ,DEPRES.N YE>S ! C5T] ( GRAV;Y 9 PUBLIC WELF>E 0 %IFT+ RAPIDLY F ! /ATE CAPITALS 6,WA%+TON4 ,X 0 N[ ,3GRESS1 AL;G )! ,:ITE ,H\SE1 : TOOK ! DECISIVE /EPS =W>D OR BACKW>D 9 ! FIELDS ( WELF>E AID1 VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N1 PUBLIC H1L?1 4ABIL;Y 9SUR.E1 %ELT]$ "W%OPS1 &A HO/ ( RELAT$ S]VICES DIRECTLY A6ECT+ ! LIVES & LIVELIHOODS ( BL M5 & WOM54 ,9EVITABLY1 ! N,NALIZ+ ( WELF>E L$ 6! N,NALIZ+ (! ORGANIZ$ BL MOVE;T4 ,V>I\S FACTORS1 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL 6! MOVE;T1 -B9$ 9 ? PRELIM9>Y P]IOD 6N\RI% A GR[+ S5SE ( BRO!RHOOD1 ( -MON NE$S & ASPIR,NS1 BO? AM;G BL /UD5TS M+L+ 9 _! RESID5TIAL /ATE S*OOLS & AM;G BL "W]S MEET+ & %>+ GRIEV.ES 9 _! ALL-TOO-%ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,A P[];L R,Y+ CRY EM]G$ DUR+ ! C\RSE (! ,DEPRES.N DECADE 9 ! =M (! /RU7LE 6SAVE ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y F ! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,BO>D T IS1 6PROTECT BL RECIPI5TS ( AID F ! M1NS TE/ & O!R ON]\S 3DI;NS NEWLY IMPOS$ 0! F$]AL AG5CY4 ,! CAMPAIGN 6SALVAGE & RE=M ! PROGRAM ( AID 6! BL1 & 9 S DO+ 6TRANS=M RELIEF 96REHABILIT,N1 0 6DOM9ATE ! AG5DA (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL AT XS F.D+ 3V5;N & 6REMA9 A GUID+ !ME "? XS F/ DECADE4 ,NEWEL ,P]RY SUMM$ UP ! NATURE & TR5D (! EVOLV+ N,NAL MOVE;T 9 A #AIDJ $ITORIAL4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ =TY YE>S1 HE WROTE1 A GR[+ GR\P 3SCI\S;S HAS BE5 NOTICEA# AM;G ! BL ( \R C.TRY4 ,PRACTIC,Y E /ATE & L>GE C;Y N[ HAS AN ACTIVE ORGANIZ,N )A MEMB]%IP -POS$ EXCLUSIVELY ( BL P]SONS4 ,^! CLUBS SEEK 6IMPROVE ! ECONOMIC 3DI;NS (! BL "? ! 5ACT;T ( LEGISL,N & "? O!R M1NS4 ,! DR1M (A N,NAL ORGANIZ,N IS N[ 6BE R1LIZ$4 ,,FOOTNOTES #A4 ,RI*>D ,S4 ,FR5* 9 ,F ,HOM] 6,HEL5 ,KELL] 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,AM]ICAN ,F.D,N =! ,BL1 #AICB74 #B4 ,QUOT$ 9 ,H>RY ,BE/1 ,BL;S &! ,BL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN1 #AICD71 P4 #DGD4 #C4 ,IBID4 1 P4 #DGF4 #D4 ,JACOBUS T5,BROEK & ,FLOYD ,MATSON1 ,HOPE ,DEF]R$3 ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E &! ,BL 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]S;Y ( ,CALI=NIA1 #AIEI71 P4 #BEA4 #E4 ,QUOT$ 9 ,BE/1 OP4 CIT4 1 P4 #DGF4