,%ELT]$ ,"W%OPS & ,BL ,ALLEYS ,9 #AIGA ! L1D] (! ORGANIZ$ BL MOVE;T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES S5T A MESSAGE 6! AG5CIES S]V+ ! BL4 ,? IS :AT HE SD3 ,IF Y TELL U T Y >E IMPORTANT & NEC 6\R LIVES1 WE REPLY3 ,X IS TRUE4 ,B TE> D[N E AG5CY =! BL 9 ! N,N1 DE/ROY E "W%OP1 & BURN E PROFES.NAL J\RNAL2 & WE C BUILD !M ALL BACK IF !Y >E NE$$4 ,B TAKE AWAY ! BL1 & YR J\RNALS W G DU/Y ON ! %ELVES4 ,YR C\NSELORS W WALK ! /REETS = "W1 & YR BROOMCORN W MOLD & ROT 9 YR %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,YES1 WE NE$ Y2 B Y NE$ U1 TOO4 ,WE 9T5D 6H A VOICE 9 YR OP],N & YR DECI.NS S9CE :AT Y D A6ECTS \R LIVES4 ,WE 9T5D 6H REPRES5T,N ON YR BO>DS1 & WE 9T5D = Y 6RECOGNIZE \R ORGANIZ,NS & TR1T U Z EQUALS4 ,WE >E N YR W>DS1 & "! IS NO WAY = Y 6MAKE U YR W>DS4 ,! ONLY "Q LEFT 6BE ANSW]$ IS :E!R Y W A3EPT ! NEW 3DI;NS & "W ) U 9 P1CE & "PN]%IP OR :E!R WE M/ DRAG Y KICK+ & SCR1M+ 96! NEW ]A4 ,B 5T] ! NEW ]A Y W1 L X OR N4 ,:5 ,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN DELIV]$ T EMPHATIC MESSAGE AT ! #AIGA 3V5;N (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL1 ! /RU7LE 6RE=M ! AG5CIES & REHABILITATE ! N,N'S "W%OPS =! BL 0 / 2+ WAG$4 ,& NE>LY TW5TY YE>S LAT]1 Z ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL CELEBRAT$ XS ,GOLD5 ,ANNIV]S>Y1 T /RU7LE _H N YET 5D$4 ,B M* _H *ANG$ 9 HALF A C5TURY9CLUD+ ! "* & DIM5.NS (! /RU7LE4 ,! MOVE;T XF1 EMBODI$ 9 ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL1 _H GR[N A/ONI%+LY 9 SIZE & /R5G? 62COME A DOM9ANT PLAY] 9 ! BL;S SY/EM &A CRITICAL FACTOR 9 ! %AP+ ( PUBLIC POLICY T[>D ! BL4 ,&! AG5CY E/ABLI%;T 9 XS TURN9FLU;ED 0! ,F$],N & 9FILTRAT$ 0,F$],NI/%AD MATUR$ SUB/ANTI,Y OV] ! YE>S & EV5 MELL[$ "S:AT 9 XS REL,NS )! MOVE;T4 ,N"E!.S1 "! REMA9$ DEEP POCKETS ( RESI/.E & RES5T;T )9 ! BL;S SY/EM1 MO/ NOTABLY 9 ^? NOTORI\S BACKWAT]S ( CU/ODIAL 3TROL : REPRES5T$ ! RESIDUAL REMA9S (! ,VICTORIAN ALMSH\SES & "WH\SES"NLY1 ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,! /ORY (! %ELT]$ "W%OPS Z 9/ITU;NS =! BL HAS XS ORIG9 9 ! POOR LAWS (! ,D>K ,AGES4 7,"S WD SAY T TD'S "W%OPS >E LIV+ RELICS (! ,D>K ,AGES47 ,9 _! ,AM]ICAN 9C>N,N ! %ELT]$ %OPS GREW UP DUR+ ! N9ETE5? C5TURY 9 3NEC;N ) BO? ! "WH\SES =! POOR &! E>LY S*OOLS =! BL4 ,! E6ECT : ^! ANCE/RAL 9FLU;ES _H ^U ! C\RSE (! "W%OP MOVE;T& ^U XS HAP.S BL "PICIPANTSWAS DEL91T$ 9 AN EXTRAORD9>ILY METICUL\S ANALYSIS ( /ATE /ATUTES & O!R DATA GOV]N+ ! PROGRAMS : 0 PREP>$ 0,JACOBUS T5,BROEK & PUBLI%$ 9 TWO V].NSCOMPLETE A3.T ) FULL REF];ES 7,BRL ,MONITOR1 ,JUNE1 #AIFJ7 &A %ORT] V].N ) NOTES & REF];ES REMOV$ 7,BL ,AM]ICAN1 ,MAY1 #AIFB74 ,PROFESSOR T5,BROEK'S S*OL>LY /UDY 3CLUD$ ON ! H>D EVID;E (! /ATUTES T ! %ELT]$ "W%OP Z X EXI/S )9 ! /ATES TD IS A WELF>E ,8CAT*-ALL' : M1NS ALL ?+S 6ALL M51 & "!=E T X HAS 2COME AN ANA*RONISM : ,AM]ICA1 IF X IS 6PRACTICE SU3ESS;LLY ! DEMOCRATIC WELF>E PHILOSOPHY X PROFESSES1 C ILL AF=D 6P]PETUATE4 ,! ABRIDG$ V].N ( ,DR4 T5,BROEK'S CLASSIC PAP] FOLL[S3 ,,! ,,"* ,,& ,,FUNC;N ,,( ,,%ELT]$ ,,"W%OPS 0,JACOBUS T5,BROEK ,! 9/ITU;N (! %ELT]$ "W%OP1 = OV] A C5TURY AN 9CONSPICU\S F1TURE (! ,AM]ICAN WELF>E SC5E1 HAS REC5TLY EM]G$ F XS OBSCUR;Y 62COME ! /ORM C5T] ( "O (! LIVELIE/ 3TROV]SIES 9 ! 5TIRE FIELD ( SOCIAL "W & PUBLIC WELF>E4 ,AT ! HE>T (! 3TROV]SY IS A FUNDA;TAL 4AGREE;T OV] ! PROP] FUNC;N & FUTURE ROLE (! %ELT]$ %OP4 ,"O VIEWPO9T HOLDS T A PROP] ROLE (! %OPS IS T ( PROVID+ "W EVALU,N1 DET]M9,N ( ABILITIES1 &! DEVELOP;T ( "W TOL].E ON ! "P ( 4A#D P]SONSAL;G ) VOC,NAL TRA9+ XFAS "P (! PROCESS ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N4 ,M REC5TLY1 DOCTORS & H1L? (FICIALS H 2GUN 6CAMPAIGN =! USE (! "W%OP Z A M$ICAL FACIL;Y = RE/ORATIVE1 ADJU/IVE1 & PREVOC,NAL S]VICES1 C5T]+ >.D ! PR9CIPLE ( "W !RAPY4 ,F9,Y1 ! OLDE/ & P]H / ! MO/ WIDELY HELD VIEWPO9T IS T : REG>DS ! "W%OP Z A PLACE ( REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T = 4A#D 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TWO ( ^! APPROA*ES 6! %ELT]$ "W%OP F9D SUPPORT = _! >GU;TS 9 F$]AL LAW & ADM9I/RATIVE RUL+S4 ,! PROPON5TS (! VOC,NAL ADJU/;T & TRA9+ FUNC;N PO9T \ T1 S9CE ! PASSAGE (! ,VOC,NAL ,REHABILIT,N ,ACT 9 #AIED1 %ELT]$ "W%OPS H BE5 RECOGNIZ$ Z A LEGITIMATE TRA9+ ADJUNCT (! F$]AL-/ATE VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N PROGRAM2 & 9 A4I;N !Y MAY N[ CITE ! MAJOR;Y RUL+ (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D1 H&$ D[N 9 ,M>* ( ? YE> 7#AIFJ71 T REHABILIT,N IS ! ESS5TIAL FUNC;N (! "W%OP4 ,! DEF5D]S (! EMPLOY;T /ATUS (! "W%OP MAY DEMON/RATE T1 EV5 )! ,VOC,NAL ,REHABILIT,N ,ACT1 %ELT]$ "W%OP IS DEF9$ Z PRIM>ILY A PLACE : PROVIDES REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T1 & T 9 FACT REHABILIT,N ADM9I/RATORS FREQU5TLY REG>D ! PLACE;T ( _! CLI5TS 9 S* %OPS Z SU6ICI5T 6MEET ! REMUN]ATIVE PLACE;T REQUIRE;TS : >E ! ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N PROGRAMS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! EMPLOY;T >GU;T F9DS FUR!R SUPPORT 9 ! FACT T ! V EXEMP;N ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS F ! M9IMUM WAGE PROVI.NS (! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT 0 GRANT$ ON ! PREMISE T !Y >E PLACES ( EMPLOY;T4 ,6"S EXT5T ! ISSUES RAIS$ 0^! DI6];ES ( VIEWPO9T >E !ORETICAL 9 NATURE1 9VOLV+ S* "QS Z3 ,:AT >E ! PROP] GOALS ( "W%OPS8 ,:AT IS _! GRTE/ USE;L;S Z 9/RU;TS ( WELF>E8 ,6A L>G] EXT5T1 P]H1 ! ISSUES >E PRACTICAL4 ,:AT 9 ACTUAL FACT >E ! FUNC;NS ( S* %OPS8 ,:AT >E ! PREVAIL+ 3DI;NS ( TRA9+1 "W1 & REL1SE8 ,ON BO? ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL LEVELS1 4AGREE;T IS WIDESPR1D & (T5 ACRIMONI\S4 ,9SOF> Z !Y >E !ORETICAL1 ! "QS RAIS$ 0! "W%OP C ONLY 2 SETTL$ 0REF];E 6POLICIES & GOALS4 ,9SOF> Z !Y >E PRACTICAL1 S* "QS C ONLY 2 ANSW]$ 0REF];E 6FACT4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 "S ( ^? :O >E 9 A POSI;N 6ASSEM# & 4SEM9ATE ! FACTS H N D"O S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,%ELT]$ ,"W%OP ,-MITTEE )9 ! ,DE"P;T ( ,LABOR HAS N *OS5 6FULFILL XS DUTIES 9 ^! >1S4 ,"O IMPORTANT S\RCE ( 9=M,N 3C]N+ %ELT]$ "W-%OPS1 H["E1 IS AVAILA# 6ALL4 ,X 3SI/S (! /ATUTES (! V>I\S /ATES GOV]N+ _! PUBLICLY OP]AT$ %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,ANY"O ) A3ESS 6A LAW LIBR>Y C LOOK AT ^! /ATUTES4 ,NO D\BT !Y YIELD _! 9=M,N 0M1NS ( -PLICAT$ S5T;ES & TE*NICAL LANGUAGE1 B !Y D YIELD X4 ,T 9=M,N IS1 9 L>GE M1SURE1 ! 3T5T (! PAGES 6FOLL[4 ,9 "PICUL>1 WE % SEEK 6ID5TIFY ! SALI5T "*I/ICS & PURPOSES (! "W%OPS Z SPECIFI$ 9 ^! LAWS) REF];E 6! OBJECTIVES !Y PURPORT 6S]VE1 ! NATURE ( _! OPPORTUNITIES & "UTAK+S1 ! ATTITUDES !Y REFLECT T[>D ^? :O "PICIPATE 9 !M1 & _! "W+ 3DI;NS & SOCIAL ATMOSPH]E4 ,! PR9CIPAL "Q 6KEEP 9 M9D "? ^! PAGES IS3 ,:AT LIE8 ,D !Y 4T+UI% AM;GOR D !Y M]ELY 3FUSE & -M+LE! SEP>ATE FUNC;NS ( 7#A7 A VOC,NAL EVALU,N1 ADJU/;T1 & TRA9+ C5T]2 7#B7 A !RAPEUTIC FACIL;Y2 & 7#C7 A PLACE ( REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T8 ,G5]AL ,BACKGR.D ,%ELT]$ "W%OPS1 Z S*1 F/ >OSE 9 ,AM]ICA OV] A C5TURY AGO Z AN \TGR[? (! SPECIAL S*OOLS =! BL ^: CURRICULA 3C5TRAT$ ^U ! PROVI.N ( SIMPLE =MS ( VOC,NAL TRA9+9 S* LIMIT$ & MANUAL SKILLS Z W1V+1 KNITT+1 & *AIR CAN+1 Z WELL Z 9 MUSIC & SIMIL> >TS4 ,AT F/ X 0 ! HOPE (! $UCATORS T ! BL1 ) PROP] 9/RUC;N1 W 2 A# 6MA9TA9 !MVS FREE ( *>GE F _! FRS OR ! /ATE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 H["E1 NO?+ _H BE5 D"O 6P]SUADE SOCIETY (! CAPACITIES ( ^! BL TRA9EES2 & 2F L;G1 Z "O REPORT PUT X1 ,\R GRADUATES 2GAN 6RETURN 6U1 REPRES5T+ ! EMB>RASS;T ( _! 3DI;N ABROAD1 & SOLICIT+ EMPLOY;T AT \R H&S4 ,?US 7 BORN ! %ELT]$ "W%OPSAS SEGREGAT$ PLACES ( P]MAN5T EMPLOY;T = ^? REG>D$ 0SOCIETY 7IF N 0!MVS & _! PROTECTORS7 Z UNEMPLOYA#4 ,AL? %ELT]$ "W%OPS EM]G$ 9 _! MOD]N =M A C5TURY AGO1 _! ANCE/RY MAY 2 TRAC$ AT L1/ 6! ,MI4LE ,AGES4 ,X IS POSSI# 64T+UI% F\R SEP>ATE HI/ORICAL ASSOCI,NS F : ! 3TEMPOR>Y "W%OPS DERIVE3 "NLY1 ^? (! "WH\SE1 ! *UR*1 ! HOSPITAL1 &! S*OOL4 ,S9CE ! TRACES ( ? L;G & -PLICAT$ H]ITAGE >E / 6BE SE5 9 _M %ELT]$ "W%OPS ( TD1 X IS 9/RUCTIVE 6GL.E BRIEFLY AT ! S\RCES & "* ( ^! V>I\S 9FLU;ES4 ,! OLDE/ 9FLU;E ( ALL IS T : _H XS ORIG9 9 RELIGI\S PROTEC;N (! 4A#D4 ,S9CE ! ,*UR* 0 ! F/ *>ITA# ORGANIZ,N1 A F$]AL (FICIAL HAS WRITT51 9EVITABLY "S L9ES (! "W%OP MOVE;T H /R;G RELIGI\S TIES4 ,:5 ! 9DIG5T1 ! PHYSIC,Y 4A#D1 &! M5T,Y DI6]5T 7 H]D$ 96! ASYLUMS (! #AGJJ'S1 !Y 7 2+ BR"\ TGR N 6AMELIORATE _! 3DI;N B SIMPLY 6GET !M (F ! /REET4 ,A PRIM>Y 3C]N (! *UR* = XS 4A#D & 9DIG5T W>DS 0 ) _! S\LS Z WELL Z ) _! BODIES) _SUAL REDEMP;N & MORAL UPLIFT P]H M ?AN ) VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N & PHYSICAL RE/OR,N Z "U/OOD TD4 ,AM;G _M PRIVATELY OP]AT$ "W%OPS TD1 S* Z ^? (! ,SALV,N ,>MY &! ,SOCIETY ( ,/4 ,V9C5T DE ,PAUL1 ^! >E / ! PR9CIPAL GOALS ( "W%OP ACTIV;Y4 ,! ,VOLUNTE]S ( ,AM]ICA 7AN (F%OOT (! ,SALV,N ,>MY7 CURR5TLY SPONSORS AT L1/ #GJ S* "W%OPS2 :ILE P]H ! MO/ SU3ESS;L ( ALL ! MIS.N OR *UR*-SPONSOR$ "W%OP *A9S IS T (! ,GDWILL ,9DU/RIES1 F.D$ 0A ,ME?ODI/ M9I/] 9 #AIJE1 : 0#AIEG 3TROLL$ #ABJ %OPS "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,A COROLL>Y L9E ( DEVELOP;T F : ! 3TEMPOR>Y "W%OP HAS EM]G$ IS T (! M$IEVAL & E>LY MOD]N HOSPITAL :1 L ! ASYLUM1 0 G5],Y "U *UR* AUSPICES1 B MAY 2 4T+UI%$ 9 T]MS ( XS SPECIFIC FUNC;N4 ,EUROP1N HOSPITALS (! E>LY SIXTE5? C5TURY 7 DESCRIB$ 0"O OBS]V] Z ^? PLACES ": ! SICK >E F$ & C>$ =1 ": A C]TA9 NUMB] ( PAUP]S >E SUPPORT$1 ": BOYS & GIRLS >E RE>$1 ": AB&ON$ 9FANTS >E N\RI%$1 ": ! 9SANE >E 3F9$1 & ": ! BL DWELL4 ,! PURPOSE (! HOSPITAL 0 PRIM>ILY 6C>E =! SICK & TOT,Y 4A#D1 B 9 ! B$LAM CR1T$ 0XS MOTLEY POPUL,N "! 7 AL ! RUDI;TS ( S*OOL1 NURS]Y1 ALMSH\SE1 & 9SANE ASYLUM4 ,^? PRES5T-"D "W%OPS : 9CORPORATE ! PROVI.N ( M$ICAL & !RAPEUTIC S]VICES "!=E MAY 2 SE5 Z ! \TCOME (A L9E ( DEVELOP;T R1*+ BACK 6! M$IEVAL HOSPITAL & EXT5D+ "? ! ,AM]ICAN C.TY HOSPITALS ( M REC5T "TS9/ITU;NS : AL S"\ 6FULFILL ! D\# FUNC;N ( H1L+ ! SICK & EMPLOY+ ! H&ICAPP$4 ,ANO!R SIGNIFICANT PRECURSOR (! %ELT]$ "W%OP 0 ! "WH\SE1 OR ALMSH\SE1 : EVOLV$ Z AN 9/ITU;N ( "W RELIEF A3OMPANY+ ! ,POOR ,LAWS (! SIXTE5? & SEV5TE5? C5TURIES4 ,= PRES5T PURPOSES ! *IEF IMPORT.E (! "WH\SE 0 T X 0 DESIGN$1 N PRIM>ILY =! ILL OR H&ICAPP$1 B =! A#- BODI$ POOR4 ,! "WH\SE PROVID$ AN 9/ITU;NALIZ$ =M ( POOR-RELIEF2 & 9 KEEP+ ) ,ELIZABE?AN ASSUMP;NS (! "*OLOGICAL CAUSES ( POV]TY1 X 0 MADE Z 4AGREEA# Z POSSI# & XS WAGES HELD 6A B>E M9IMUM ABV />V,N S T N _M WD WILL+LY SEEK ADMIS.N OR 3T5T$LY REMA94 ,! GOSPEL ( "W Z ! M1NS ( SALV,N 7&1 3V]SELY1 ( IDLE;S Z ! R\TE 6DAMN,N7 VIRTU,Y 3V]T$ ! ALMSH\SE 96A =C$-LABOR CAMP2 9DE$1 ! 4T9C;N 2T "WH\SE & JAILH\SE 0 (T5 DI6ICULT 64C]N4 ,F9,Y1 Z 9DICAT$ ABV1 ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS GREW UP Z ADJUNCTS (! SPECIAL S*OOLS =! BL E/ABLI%$ 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,H["E1 X IS SIGNIFICANT T ^! S*OOLS SOON DELIB]ATELY S"E$ _! 3NEC;N )! %OPS !Y _H !MVS CR1T$1 Z X 2CAME APP>5T T ! FUNC;NS ( $UC,N & EMPLOY;T CD N F1SIBLY 2 MIX$ )9 ! SAME PROGRAM4 ,"!AF1 ! "W%OPS CAME 6BE OP]AT$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( $UC,NAL & CU/ODIAL 9/ITU;NS4 ,! HI/ORICAL DEVELOP;T ( MOD]N WELF>E PHILOSOPHY HAS BE5 "O ( 9CR1S+ RECOGNI;N (! NEC 4T9C;NS & 9COMPATIBILITIES AM;G ^! S"EAL EMPHASES & APPROA*ES 6! PRO#M ( 4ABIL;Y4 ,"S AM;G !MNOTABLY T (! "WH\SE & ALMSH\SE1 & POSSIBLY AL 6"S EXT5T T (! RELIGI\S MIS.NHAVE -E 6BE RECOGNIZ$ Z ANA*RONISMS4 ,O!RS1 S* Z ! VOC,NAL TRA9+ EMPHASIS (! E>LY S*OOLS &! %ELT]$ EMPLOY;T 3CEP;N : SU3E$$ X1 / RETA9 "S SUPPORT 9 WELF>E !ORY & POLICY4 ,B X IS CLE> T ! DIREC;N ( PROGRESS HAS BE5 -PLETELY AWAY F ! PRIMITIVE NO;N ( AN 5COMPASS+ B$LAM 9 : ALL ! SICK & 4A#D1 REJECT$ & DESPIS$ MEMB]S ( SOCIETY WD 2 ?R[N TGR& 9 : ! V>I\S & 4SIMIL> FUNC;NS (! *UR*1 ! S*OOL1 ! FACTORY1 ! HOSPITAL1 &! PRISON WD 2 SIMULTANE\SLY C>RI$ ON4 ,X REMA9S 6BE SE5 :E!R ! /ATUTES (! /ATES GOV]N+ _! PUBLICLY OP]AT$ %ELT]$ "W%OPS H KEPT PACE ) ? CLE> DIREC;N ( PROGRESS4 ,3DI;NS ( ,LABOR ,/ATE EMPLOYEES G5],Y >E EXCLUD$ F -PULSORY COV]-AGE ( UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N "U ! ,9T]NAL ,REV5UE ,CODE ( #AIED4 ,! ,CODE AL EXEMPTS *>ITA# ORGANIZ,NS1 9CLUD+ PRIVATELY OP]AT$ "W%OPS1 F -PULSORY COV]AGE4 ,S* /ATES Z ,OREGON1 ,CALI=NIA1 ,WA%+TON1 & ,WISCONS9 H TAK5 LEGIS-LATIVE & ADM9I/RATIVE /EPS 6EXT5D ! COV]AGE ( UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N 6"S OR ALL (! "W]S 9 _! /ATE-OP]AT$ %ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,) RESPECT 6PRIVATELY OP]AT$ "W%OPS1 ,HAWAII IS ! ONLY "O ( ?IRTY- TWO /ATES HAV+ S* %OPS 6TAKE LEGISLATIVE AC;N *ANG+ _! /ATUS4 ,X DID S 0DROPP+ ! EXEMP;NS ( *>ITA# ORGANIZ,NS F UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N COV]AGE4 ,9 %ORT1 ! VA/ MAJOR;Y ( EMPLOYEES ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS 7BO? PUBLIC & PRIVATE7 "?\T ! C.TRY >E )\T ! PROTEC;N ( UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N LAWS4 ,! "W]S 9 %ELT]$ %OPS FACE AN A4I;NAL DEPRIV,N4 ,! ,LABOR ,MANAGE;T ,REL,NS ,ACT EXCLUDES ! /ATES & _! POLITICAL SUBDIVI.NS F ! DEF9I;N ( EMPLOY] = PURPOSES ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+4 ,A REC5T RUL+ (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D )HELD ! COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ PROVI.NS (! ,ACT F PRIVATELY OP]AT$ %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,? RUL+ 0 H&$ D[N 9 ! CASE ( ,%ELT]$ ,"W%OPS ( ,SAN ,DIEGO1 ,9C4 VS4 ,UNIT$ ,ASSOCI,N ( ,H&ICAPP$4 ,0A MAJOR;Y DECI.N ( ?REE 6TWO1 ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D REFUS$ 6ASS]T JURISDIC;N4 ,! GR.D TAK5 0 T ! ,"W%OP'S PURPOSES >E DIRECT$ 5TIRELY T[>D REHABILIT,N ( UNEMPLOYA# P]SONS & T XS -M]CIAL ACTIVITIES %D 2 VIEW$ ONLY Z A M1NS 6T 5D4 ,! *IEF >GU;TS AG/ ? RUL+ 7 =CE;LLY /AT$ 0! 4S5T+ OP9ION (! TWO M9OR;Y MEMB]S (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D3 ,:Y !N DOES ! MAJOR;Y F9D T X WD N E6ECTUATE ! PURPOSES (! ,ACT 6ASS]T JURISDIC;N "H8 ,X DOES S 2C ! ,"W%OP'S REHABILIT,N "W B5EFITS ! 5TIRE -MUN;Y4 ,WE D N1 ( C\RSE1 D5Y T ? IS S1 B WE REJECT ! IMPLICIT COROLL>Y T A NON-PR(IT ORGANIZ,N 5GAG+ 9 SOCI,Y B5EFICIAL ACTIVITIES "!=E [ES XS EMPLOYEES LESS ?AN O!R EMPLOY]S D4 ,! "R ( EMPLOYEES 6SELECT A REPRES5TATIVE & 6B>GA9 ) _! EMPLOY] 3C]N+ _! GRIEV.ES & "W 3DI;NS %D N 2 S LID$4 ,! MAJOR;Y HAS BAL.ED ! ,"W%OP'S -M]CIAL ACTIVITIES AG/ XS REHABILIT,N PROGRAM & HAS DECID$ T ! LATT] \TWEIDS ,ACT4 ,) REF];E 6! BL AL"O1 AT L1/ #HE (! M ?AN #AJJ %ELT]$ %OPS PRIM>ILY EMPLOY+ SIANTEES IS ?US A FACT ( VITAL SIGNIFIC.E 6"W]S 9 %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,X IS S* 3SID],NS Z ^! : H L$ A SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE (! ,H\SE ,-MITTEE ON ,WAYS & ,M1NSREPORT+ 9 ,M>* ( ? YE> 7#AIFJ7 ON ! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,PROGRAM ( ,4ABIL;Y ,9SUR.ETO "Q :E!R EMPLOY;T 9 %ELT]$ "W%OPS %D PROP]LY 2 REG>D$ Z SUB/ANTIAL GA9;L ACTIV;Y4 ,! SUBCOMMITTEE 3CLUD$ T WAGE 3DI;NS 9 ! %OPS 7 G5],Y S DEPLORA# T X %D 2 A R>E CASE 9 : AN EMPLOYEE (A %ELT]$ "W%OP MAY 2 3SID]$ 6BE 5GAG$ 9 SUB/ANTIAL GA9;L ACTIV;Y & ?US HELD 9ELIGI# = 4ABIL;Y 9SUR.E PAY;TS4 7,ADM9I/R,N ( ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,4ABIL;Y ,PROGRAM1 ,PRELIM9>Y ,REPORT 6! ,-MITTEE ON ,WAYS & ,M1NS1 SUBMITT$ 0! ,SUBCOMMITTEE ON ! ,ADM9I/R,N (! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,LAWS1 ,M>* #AA1 #AIFJ1 PAGE #BB47 ,) B FEW EXCEP;NS1 X MAY 2 SD 9 SUMM>Y1 ! EMPLOYEES ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS1 BO? PUBLICLY & PRIVATELY OP]AT$1 7#A7 D N POSSESS ! B5EFITS ( UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N2 7#B7 D N POSSESS ! B5EFITS ( "WM5'S -P5S,N2 7#C7 D N POSSESS ! B5EFITS ( ,OLD ,AGE ,SURVIVORS & ,4ABIL;Y ,9SUR.E "U ! ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y ,PROGRAM2 7#D7 ! PRIVILEGES ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ "U ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT >E )HELD F !M2 & 7#E7 !Y >E EXEMPT$ F ! M9IMUM WAGE GU>ANTEES (! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT4 ,9 S* CIRCUM/.ES ( 5=C$ POV]TY1 9SECUR;Y1 & 4CRIM9ATORY )HOLD+ ( PRIVILEGES & D5IAL ( "RS1 C X 2 3T5D$ T ! %ELT]$ %OPS REHABILITATE OR SUPPLY RE- MUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T = _! 4A#D "W]S8LESS- ?AN #AICGRT]-?AN ,(! TOTAL ( #CHI "W%OPS HOLD+ C]TIFICATES ( EXEMP;N F M9IMUM WAGE LAWS1 #HE PRIM>ILY S]VE BL P]SONS4 ,AC 6! ,DE"P;T ( ,LABOR1 "! 7 9 #AIEH1 #D1GJJ BL P]SONS EMPLOY$ 9 ^! %OPS 7IN #AIFJ ! ,LABOR ,DE"P;T /ATE;T IS LESS ?AN #E1JJJ7 :O 7 SUBJECT 6C]TIFICATES ( EXEMP;N2 "! 7 O!RS :O DID E>N ! /ATUTORY M9IMUM WAGE1 B /ATI/ICS RELAT+ 6!M >E UNAVAILA#4 ,FIFTY-SEV5 ( ^! %OPS PRES5TLY 2L;G 6! ,N,NAL ,9DU/RIES =! ,BL1 : EMPLOY$ #C1GAB BL P]SONS 9 #AIEF4 ,! L[E/ M9IMUM WAGE APPROV$ = ^! "W]S 9 #AIEH 0 #AJ C5TS AN H\R1 ! HIDS ,ACT1 ! ,DE"P;T ( ,LABOR REQUIRES T E "W] ON PIECE RATES 2 PD ! SAME WAGE PD 6"W]S 9 ADJAC5T PRIVATE 9DU/RY =! SAME "W4 ,? IS N A V VALUA# /&>D1 S9CE M* (! "W D"O 9 ^! %OPS IS N C>RI$ ON 0ANY APPRECIA# SEG;T ( PRIVATE 9DU/RY2 & 9 ANY EV5T ? /&>D IS N 5=C$ 0! ,LABOR ,DE"P;T4 ,3CLU.N ,F ? SURVEY (! /ATUTORY PROVI.NS (! /ATES GOV]N+ _! %ELT]$ "W%OPS1 S"EAL 3CLU.NS CLE>LY EM]GE4 ,! ?REE 4T9CTIVE FUNC;NS ( %ELT]$ %OPSVOC,NAL REHABILIT,N1 M$ICAL !RAPY1 & REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T>E R>ELY 4T+UI%$ 9 ! /ATUTES4 ,9/1D ! "W%OP IS -MONLY 3CVD Z A -B9,N ( TWO1 OR EV5 ALL ?REE1 ( ^! FUNC;NS9 E6ECT1 Z AN ALL-PURPOSE SOLU;N 6! NUM]\S & V>I$ PRO#MS 3FRONT$ 0! BL4 ,9 :AT IS P]H _! MO/ "*I/IC =M ^! /ATUTES SIMPLY P]PETUATE A RELIC (! PA/3 A VAGUE -B9,N (! "WH\SE1 ! ALMSH\SE1 ! FACTORY1 &! ASYLUM1 C>E;LLY SEGREGAT$ F NORMAL -PETITIVE SOCIETY & ADM9I/]$ 0A CU/ODIAL /AFF >M$ ) SWEEP+ 4CRE;N>Y AU?OR;Y4 ,9 _M CASES _! RESPONSIBIL;Y =! CLI5T ( _! S]VICES IS S BROAD Z 6APPE> 6EMBRACE ! FUNC;N ( NE>LY ALL O!R -MUN;Y AG5CIES & GR\PS4 ,9 ! ADM9I/R,N ( MORAL UPLIFT & REG5],N !Y ASSUME 9 E6ECT ! ROLE (! *UR*2 9 ! PROVI.N ( 9TELLECTUAL 9/RUC;N !Y EX]CISE ! FUNC;N (! S*OOLS2 9 ! 5=CE;T ( 4CIPL9E &! P[] ( PUNI%;T !Y RESEM# A P5AL 9/ITU;N2 & 9 _! EMPHASIS ^U GR\P ACTIVITIES (A SOCIAL1 RECRE,NAL1 & CULTURAL NATURE !Y TAKE ON ! "*I/ICS (A S]VICE CLUB OR VOLUNT>Y ASSOCI,N4 ,OV] & ABV ^! 4P>ATE IF N 3FLICT+ RESPONSIBILITIES1 ! ASSUMP;N ( : IS SURELY ( D\BT;L PROPRIETY1 ! %ELT]$ "W%OP TYPIC,Y FURNI%ES "S =M ( "W EXP]I;E 6XS "PICIPANTS1 G5],Y = WAGES & (T5 DIRECT$ T[>D ! OBJECTIVE ( SELF- SUPPORT4 ,B FEW /ATE LAWS DI6]5TIATE ADEQUATELY OR CLE>LY AM;G ! PURPOSES : ^! ACTIVITIES MAY 2 SUPPOS$ 6S]VE4 ,ON ! BASIS ( \R /UDY X IS N EXCESSIVE 63CLUDE T ! %ELT]$ "W%OP Z X EXI/S )9 ! /ATES TD IS A WELF>E CAT*-ALL : M1NS ALL ?+S 6ALL M51 & "!=E POSSESSES NO 4T9CTIVE & SPECIFIC "*I/IC ^U : ALL MAY AGREE4 ,9DE$1 0_! FAILURE 64T+UI% AM;G ! ?REE SEP>ATE FUNC;NS AVAILA# 6!M1 ! "W%OPS (! /ATES M/ 2 ADJUDG$ 6BE FAILURES 9 ALL ?REE4 ,! NATURE & EXT5T ( _! FAILURE ) RESPECT 6EA* ( ^! FUNC;NS MAY 2 BRIEFLY /AT$4 #A4 ,VOC,NAL ,REHABILIT,N4 ,"! >E DANG]S & DI6ICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 ! USE ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS 9 ANY PROGRAM ( REHABILIT,N4 ,MO/ S]I\S ( ALL >E ^? ATT5D+ ! SUPPORT ( "W%OPS )9 ! PUBLIC PROGRAM ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N 7,PUBLIC ,LAW #EFE74 ,9 _! TRADI;NAL1 & / P]H _! MO/ "*I/IC1 ROLE Z P]MAN5T EMPLOY;T \TLETS =! 4A#D1 ! %ELT]$ %OPS >E 9COMPATI# )! PURPOSES & GOALS ( MOD]N VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N4 ,"U NO CIRCUM/.ES %D !Y 2 UTILIZ$ Z DUMP+ GR.DS = CLI5TS ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N1 S* Z ! BL1 = :OM NORMAL JOB PLACE;T IS A DI6ICULT B ESS5TIAL PREREQUISITE 6PROP] REHABILIT,N4 ,VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N AG5CIES %D 2 4C\RAG$ F REG>D+ ! OP;N ( %ELT]$ EMPLOY;T Z A CLOSURE = _! CLI5TS1 H["E 3V5I5T S* A SOLU;N MAY 2 9 T]MS ( ECONOMY & RAPID TURNOV] (! CASELOAD4 ,2C ( _! CU/OM>Y ROLE Z %ELT]$ 7I4E41 SEGREGAT$1 COV]$1 & NONCOMPETITIVE7 EMPLOY;T RETR1TS1 ! SOCIAL & PSY*OLOGICAL 5VIRON;T (! "W%OPS IS (T5 N 3DUCIVE 6! P>AM.T OBJECTIVE ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N3 T ( RE/OR+ ! 4A#D P]SON 6A VOC,NAL /ATUS ( NORMAL;Y & EQUAL;Y4 ,": F1SI# REHABILITANTS >E ?R[N TGR )! NON- F1SI#1 ": "W+ FACILITIES & ME?ODS >E GE>$ 6\TMOD$ & UNPRODUCTIVE H&ICRAFTS S* Z BROOM MAK+ & *AIR CAN+1 & ": ! "W+ ATMOSPH]E IS -MONLY "O ( DEF1TISM IF N ( DESPAIR1 ! OV]RID+ PURPOSES ( MOD]N VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N _C 2 S]V$ B ONLY "UM9$4 ,A"P F PSY*OLOGICAL & SOCIAL FACTORS1 ! ECONOMICS ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS EQU,Y T5D 6MILITATE AG/ _! SU3ESS;L ADAPT,N1 Z PRES5TLY 3/ITUT$1 6VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N GOALS4 ,F/1 !Y >E 9 MO/ CASES AT L1/ "PI,Y SUBSIDIZ$ & S REMOV$ F ! NORMAL 9C5TIVES & -PETI;N ( ORD9>Y 9DU/RY4 ,SECOND1 9SOF> Z ECONOMIC 3SID],NS 5T]1 "W%OP MANAG]S >E TEMPT$ 6RETA9 _! A#/ & MO/ PRODUCTIVE "W]S P]MAN5TLY R ?AN RISK A F9ANCIAL LOSS 0GRADUAT+ !M 96NORMAL EMPLOY;T4 ,F9,Y1 ! ECONOMIC & "W+ 3DI;NS )9 %ELT]$ %OPS >E -MONLY F> 2L ^? 9 NORMAL 9DU/RY4 ,! EXI/;E ( S* 3DI;NS /R;GLY >GUES AG/ ! PUBLIC SUPPORT ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS1 "U ANY CIRCUM/.ES1 Z TRA9+ C5T]S = VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N CLI5TS4 ,F9,Y1 ! HI/ORIC ASSOCI,NS ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS )! "WH\SE1 ALMSH\SE1 ASYLUM1 & *UR* (! ,MI4LE ,AGES H LEFT 3SPICU\S TRACES ^U ! MAJOR;Y ( PRES5T-"D %OPS1 GIV+ !M (T5 ! "* ( AG5CIES = MORAL REDEMP;N R ?AN T ( M1NS 6! RE/OR,N ( PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES4 ,9/ITU;NS ?US MOTIVAT$ >E UNLIKELY 6BE EQU,Y QUALIFI$ OR EQUIPP$ 9 ! MUNDANE >1S ( VOC,NAL GUID.E1 TRA9+1 & SELECTIVE PLACE;T4 #B4 ,T]M9AL ,EMPLOY;T4 ,) RESPECT 6! FUNC;N ( PRO-VID+ P]MAN5T 7OR T]M9AL7 REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T =! BL & SEV]ELY 4A#D1 %ELT]$ "W%OPS H FAIL$ 6FULFILL _! RESPONSIBIL;Y 6_! EMPLOYEES4 ,9DE$1 !Y H =! MO/ "P S"\ 6AVOID ! NORMAL OBLIG,NS ( EMPLOY]S "? EXEMP;N F ! LAWS FIX+ M9IMUM /&>DS ( EMPLOY;T & "W+ CON DI;NS4 ,"W]S 9 %ELT]$ %OPS DES]VE & REQUIRE ! SAME PROTEC;N ( _! "RS Z D ! "W]S 9 O!R 9DU/RIES3 SPECIFIC,Y1 ) RESPECT 6WAGES1 H\RS1 VAC,NS1 SICK L1VE1 LABOR-MANAGE;T REL,NS1 &! L4 ,H["E1 BL "W%OP EMPLOYEES H N"E RCVD1 & D N N[ RCV1 S* PROTEC;N4 ,N ONLY D WAGES FAIL 6MEET ! CO/ ( LIV+2 !Y FAIL 6MEET ! M9IMUM REQUIRE;TS (! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT1 F : %ELT]$ %OPS H 9 FACT BE5 EXPLICITLY EXEMPT$4 ,NOR C BL "W%OP EMPLOYEES HOPE 6IMPROVE 3DI;NS 0_! [N EF=TS2 = "O ?+1 !Y >E N ORGANIZ$ 96UNIONS1 &= ANO!R ?+ 7Z NOT$ E>LI]7 !Y H BE5 D5I$ ! COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ PROTEC;N (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT4 ,F9,Y1 _M ( ^! EMPLOYEES D N H 5TITLE;T 6"WM5'S -P5S,N OR ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y PRIVILEGES1 & MO/ >E D5I$ ! B5EFITS ( UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N4 ,9 %ORT1 BL "W]S 9 %ELT]$ EMPLOY;T >E VIRTU,Y 9 ! POSI;N ( W>DS1 )\T LEGAL "RS OR REC\RSE1 & REDUC$ 6AN ABJECT DEP5D5CY ^U ! GD W & 4CRE;N ( _! EMPLOY]S4 ,9 S* CIRCUM/.ES1 X IS 3S]VATIVE "U/ATE;T 6SAY T %ELT]$ "W%OPS H FAIL$ 6MEET ! 3DI;NS ( EMPLOY;T 6: ,AM]ICAN "W]S >E 5TITL$ & A3U/OM$4 #C4 ,M$ICAL ,!RAPY4 ,ON ! BASIS ( \R SURVEY ( /ATUTORY PROVI.NS1 ! L1/ PLAUSI# ( ALL CLAIMS = %ELT]$ "W%OPS IS T !Y H PROVID$ OR C PROVIDE ADEQUATE FACILITIES = M$ICAL & !RAPEUTIC ASSI/.E4 ,= S* FACILITIES 6BE E6ICI5T1 !Y %D 2 -PLETELY DIVORC$ F 3SID],NS ( REMUN]ATIVE EMPLOY;T ON ! "O H& &( VOC,NAL TRA9+ ON ! O!R4 ,! PURPOSES ( !RAPY >E1 ( C\RSE1 N ECONOMIC B M$ICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL 9 "*4 ,! V CASES = :OM S* ASSI/.E IS ! PRIM>Y NE$I4E41 ! MULTIPLY & TOT,Y 4A#D>E ^? 9CAPA# ( SELF-SU6ICI5T EMPLOY;T1 LET AL"O ( VOC,NAL PREP>,N = RETURN 6NORMAL O3UP,NS4 ,! /ATUTES : WE H EXAM9$ PLA9LY 4PLAY ! T5D5CY ( %ELT]$ %OPS 62COME T]M9AL PLACES ( EMPLOY;T 9 : S-CALL$ UNEMPLOYA#S MAY F9D A DRUDGE'S NI*E AT ! "WB5*4 ,X GOES )\T SAY+ T "S?+ M ?AN ! /]EOTYP$ BL TRADES ( W1V+ & *AIR CAN+ IS REQUIR$ 6S]VE A G5U9E !RAPEUTIC PURPOSE & FURNI% H1L?Y 9C5TIVES 6P]SONAL ADJU/;T4 ,! CL++ H]ITAGE (! ALMSH\SE & ASYLUM1 96: ! SUPPOS$ D]ELICTS ( SOCIETY 7 DUMP$ & =GOTT51 REMA9S SU6ICI5TLY 9 EVID;E 9 PRES5T-"D "W%OPS 6VITIATE ! PROSPECT ( _! 3/RUCTIVE USES = M$ICAL & !RAPEUTIC PURPOSES4 ,:AT ! SEV]ELY 4A#D CLI5TS ( S* S]VICES MO/ CLE>LY & URG5TLY NE$ IS A =M ( PRODUCTIVE 5D1VOR C>E;LLY ADJU/$ 6_! UNIQUE 9DIVIDUAL CIRCUM/.ES & IN-DIVIDU,Y DESIGN$ 6MAKE 3/RUCTIVE USE ( _! 5=C$ LEISURE4 ,S* A !RAPEUTIC 5T]PRISE M/ 2 9 ! FULLE/ S5SE CLI5T- C5T]$ R ?AN GE>$ 69DU/RIAL M>KETS1 ECONOMIC 3SID],N1 OR ! 3V5I;E ( TRADI;NAL TRADES & H&ICRAFTS4 ,? IS N 6SAY1 ( C\RSE1 T ! ?REE SEP>ATE FUNC;NS : %ELT]$ "W%OPS H PURPORT$ 6S]VE?OSE ( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N1 ( EMPLOY;T1 &( !RAPYHAVE NO PLACE 9 MOD]N PROGRAMS ( H1L? & WELF>E4 ,=! BL & O!R 4A#D P]SONS 9 ! PRODUCTIVE YE>S ( LIFE1 VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N IS ! ESS5TIAL & OV]RID+ NE$2 B XS PURPOSES ( O3UP,NAL GUID.E1 TRA9+1 & COM PETITIVE JOB PLACE;T _C 2 MET 0! %ELT]$ "W%OP4 ,IF1 EI )9 OR \TSIDE ! VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N PROCESS1 "! IS NE$ = VOC,NAL ADJU/;T OR !RAPEUTIC C5T]S1 T NE$ %D 2 MET N 0! %ELT]$ %OP B 0SPECIAL REHABILIT,N FACILITIES S* Z ^? AU?ORIZ$ 0,PUBLIC ,LAW #EFE 7": !Y >E C>E;LLY 4T+UI%$ F "W%OPS74 ,REHABILIT,N FACIL;Y1 ! LAW /ATES1 M1NS A FACIL;Y OP]AT$ =! PRIM>Y PURPOSE ( ASSI/+ 9 ! REHABILIT,N ( 4A#D P]SONS7#A7 : PROVIDES "O OR M (! FOLL[+ TYPES ( S]VICES3 7,A7 TE/+1 FITT+1 OR TRA9+ 9 ! USE ( PROS!TIC DEVICES2 7,B7 PREVOC,NAL OR 3DI;N+ !RAPY2 7,C7 PHYSICAL OR O3UP,NAL !RAPY2 7,D7 ADJU/;T TRA9+2 OR 7,E7 EVALU,N OR 3TROL ( SPECIAL 4ABILITIES2 OR 7#B7 "? : IS PROVID$ AN 9TEGRAT$ PROGRAM ( M$ICAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL1 SOCIAL1 & VOC,NAL EVALU,N & S]VICES "U -PET5T PROFES.NAL SUP]VI.N4 LESS-?AN #AICGRT]-?AN ,F9,Y1 "! IS NO D\BT T A G5U9E NE$ EXI/S = P]MAN5T NONCOMPETITIVE EMPLOY;T ( C]TA9 CATEGORIES (! SEV]ELY H&ICAPP$1 B T NE$ AL 7Z WE H SE5 ABV7 IS N MET 0%ELT]$ "W%OPS (! TYPE DESCRIB$ 0! GOV]N+ /ATUTES (! /ATES4 ,9 SUMM>Y1 ! FUNDA;TAL FAILURE ( %ELT]$ "W%OPS =! BL & 4A#D LIES 9 _! 9DISCRIM9ATE 9T]M+L+ ( FUNC;NS & PURPOSES : >E DEMON/RABLY 9COMPATI# IF N MUTU,Y EXCLUSIVE4 ,X IS N TOO M* 63CLUDE1 ON ! BASIS (! /ATUTORY EVID;E1 T ! %ELT]$ "W%OP HAS 2COME AN ANA*RONISM : ,AM]ICA1 IF X IS 6PRACTICE SU3ESS;LLY ! DEMOCRATIC WELF>E PHILOSOPHY X PROFESSES1 C ILL AF=D 6P]PETUATE4 ,GIMME ,%ELT] ,"! IS AN IRONY 9 ! HI/ORY (! %ELT]$ "W%OPS T IS ILLU/RAT$ 0! OP]ATIVE T]M %ELT]$4 ,ORIG9,Y X 0 ! EMPLOY;T XF1 RES]V$ =! BL OR 4A#D1 T 0 %ELT]$ F -PETI;N 0! A#-BODI$2 9 T S5SE1 = AN E>LI] ]A 9 : ! BL Z A CLASS 7 REG>D$ Z UNEMPLOYA#1 ! 3CEPT (A "W %ELT] CD APPE> Z POSITIVE & 3/RUCTIVE4 ,9 ^? PROTECT$ & SEGREGAT$ %OPS ! BL 7 GIV5 "W 6D 7H["E M5IAL72 !Y 7 TAUG9AL72 & !Y 7 RESCU$ F ! VICE ( IDLE;S4 ,9 ! ,DEPRES.N DECADE (! #AICJ'S1 :5 ! ORIG9AL LEGISL,N N[ "KN Z ! ,JAVITS- ,WAGN]-,O',"D ,ACT 0 PASS$1 T M/ H SEEM$ A SUB/ANTIAL /EP =W>D =! BL4 ,! NEW LAW %ELT]$ !M F -PETI;N 9 ! SETT+ (! "W%OP2 B X 0 N ONLY ! BL "W]S :O 7 %ELT]$ 0! LAWIT 0 ! 5T]PRISE XF4 ,! ,JAVITS- ,WAGN]-,O',"D ,ACT PROVID$ A %ELT] =! "W%OP 9DU/RY & XS MANAGE;T F ! H>% R1L;Y (! M9IMUM WAGE4 ,! %OPS 7 LEGISLATIVELY GIFT$ )! W9DFALL (A WAGE %ELT]"S?+ EV5 BETT] ?AN A TAX %ELT]EXEMPT+ !M F ! REQUIRE;TS ( ALL O!R F$]AL LAWS GOV]N+ WAGES & H\RS1 "W+ 3DI;NS1 & FAIR LABOR /&>DS4 ,9 _! SPECIAL FIELD ( EMPLOY;T1 ) REG>D 6_! [N POOL ( "W]S1 ! %ELT]$ %OPS 7 A# AT A /ROKE 6REP1L HALF A C5TURY ( HUMANIT>IAN RE=MS ON ! "P ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR &! F$]AL GOV]N;T4 ,"EY": ELSE LABOR+ M5 & WOM5LET AL"O *NW]E LEGISLATIVELY PROTECT$ F EXPLOIT,N 9 ! "WPLACE2 "EY": ELSE "W]S _H ACQUIR$ A LEGAL %ELT]4 ,B N "H4 ,9 ! %ELT]$ "W%OP AL"O ! BL "W]S 7 UN%ELT]$4 ,X 0 A PR9CIPAL GOAL (! ORGANIZ$ BL MOVE;T1 VIRTU,Y F ! 2G9N+1 6*ANGE ALL T3 6RE=M ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS1 5=CE ! M9IMUM WAGE1 & G5],Y DEF5D BL %OP"W]S F EXPLOIT,N & H>ASS;T4 ,DUR+ ! F/ DECADE (! ,F$],N1 6BE SURE1 ! PLIV+ \ (! NE>LY IMP]VI\S HIDE ( GOV]N;T4 ,B 9 ! SECOND DECADE (! ,F$],N1 ! FIFTIESL>GELY "? ! EF=TS (! ORGANIZ$ BL !MVS! NEW ISSUES ( OPPORTUN;Y1 -PETITIVE JOBS1 & NEW C>E]S 7 TAK+ PREC$;E OV] ! PRO#MS ( SECUR;Y & SUBSI/;E ON ! AG5DA ( ,F$],NI/S4 ,9 ? ALT]$ 3TEXT ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS TOOK ON A ROLE N ( DIM9I%$ B ( GRT] PROM9;E2 N[ ! ISSUE 0 "O ( "W] "RS1 (! M9IMUM WAGE1 &( VOC,NAL REHABILIT,N*ANGES : WD MOVE "W]S \ (! %ELT]S & 96! MA9/R1M4 ,UNIONIZ+ &! ,M9IMUM ,WAGE ,DUR+ ! FIFTIES & SIXTIES ! ,F$],N 2CAME ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ 9 DEF5D+ ! "RS ( BL %OP "W]S 6ORGANIZE COLLECTIVELY1 6EXPRESS GRIEV.ES1 & 6SEEK A LIV+ WAGE4 ,^! EF=TS L$ 6! E/ABLI%;T 9 #AIGA (A ,%ELT]$ ,"W%OP ,DIVI.N )9 ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL4 ,! /RU7LE (! ORGANIZ$ BL 6RE=M ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS 0 F"\ \ "? ! YE>S N ONLY 9 ! PRESS & 9 ! "WPLACE B AL 9 ! C\RTS4 ,9 ! LATE #AIGJ'S & E>LY EID A S]IES ( CASES 9VOLV+ ! "R ( BL %OP "W]S 6ORGANIZE4 ,! E>LI] OP9IONS (! ,BO>D T ! BL 7 N RE,Y EMPLOYEES AT ALL B ONLY REHABILIT,N CLI5TS 7 N[ REPUDIAT$2 9 EA* 9/.E ! ,,NLRB A6IRM$ ! "R ( BL "W]S 6JO9 UNIONS & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY4 ,S"EAL ( ^! CASES 7 APP1L$ 0! %OP MANAGE;T 6! C\RTS4 ,9 BO? ! ,FIF? ,CIRCUIT ,C\RT ( ,APP1LS &! ,SIX? ,CIRCUIT ,C\RT ( ,APP1LS1 ! "R 6ORGANIZE 0 UPHELD4 ,H["E1 ! ,C\RT ( ,APP1LS =! ,EID2 9/1D1 X HELD T ! BL 9MATES (! %ELT]$ %OPS1 :AT"E 9 FACT !Y W]E1 CD N 2 REG>D$ Z EMPLOYEES4 ,! F/ (! "W%OP CASES : ! ,F$],N TOOK 6! ,,NLRB 0 ! "O 9VOLV+ ! ,*ICAGO ,LI+ (FIC] =! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D7 PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 %AP+ ! ,F$],N'S L;G DRIVE 6W9 COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ "RS =! BL 9 %ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,HE S]V$ Z AN (FIC] 9 ! ,%ELT]$ ,"W%OP ,DIVI.N2 HE 3TACT$ "W]S 9 ! %OPS & DID ORGANIZ+2 & HE WROTE ! BRIEF 9 ! ,*ICAGO ,LID ( XS L;G- /&+ POLICY N 6TAKE JURISDIC;N OV] ! N,N'S %ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,9 AN A4RESS DELIV]$ AT ! ,N,NAL ,W>EH\SE ,3F];E (! ,9T]N,NAL ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,T1M/]S 9 ,TORONTO1 ,CANADA1 ON ,AUGU/ #AE1 #AIGH1 ,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN SUMM$ UP ! SITU,N 9 ,*ICAGO &A NUMB] ( O!R "W%OPS4 ,"H1 9 "P1 IS :AT HE SD3 ,I AM "H TD 6TELL Y "S?+ AB \R ORGANIZ,N4 ,M "PICUL>LY1 ,I AM "H 2C Y ! ,T1M/]S H HELP$ U />T ON ! ROAD 6ORGANIZE ! "W]S 9 ! S-CALL$ %ELT]$ %OPS =! BL4 ,LET ME TELL Y "S?+ AB ^! %OPS4 ,9 ! F/ PLACE MO/ BL P]SONS CD "W 9 REGUL> BUSI;S & 9DU/RY ON EQUAL T]MS ) O!RS 7J Z PRODUCTIVE & J Z -PETITIVE7 IF !Y _H ! TRA9+ &! OPPORTUN;Y4 ,B !Y DON'T1 S !Y "W 9 ! %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,"S ( ^! %OPS >E RUN 0/ATE GOV]N;T4 ,_M ( !M >E PRIVATE ORGANIZ,NS SET UP 0A FEW PROM95T CITIZ5S 9 ! -MUN;Y1 :O GET PUBLIC;Y & SATISFAC;N F S]V+ ON ! BO>D & HAV+ _! "NS 3NECT$ )A WOR?:ILE CAUSE B :O RE,Y "K V LL AB :AT GOES ON 9 ! "D- TO-"D OP],N4 ,! R1L 3TROL IS USU,Y EX]CIS$ 0! PD 7HIE N CAPA# ( R1L PRODUCTIV;Y1 & S !Y H BE5 P]MITT$ 6PAY LESS ?AN ! M9IMUM WAGE 7"S"TS Z LL Z FIFTY C5TS AN H\R7 ON ! !ORY T ! ACTIV;Y 9 ! %OPS IS N ACTU,Y R1L "W Z M* Z X IS !RAPY1 T X IS REHABILIT,N TRA9+ 6PREP>E ! "W]S 6G 96-PETITIVE EMPLOY;T1 & T ! %OPS W G BROKE 7H Y HE>D T 2F87 IF !Y PAY ! "W]S DEC5T WAGES & FR+E B5EFITS4 ,YET1 !Y H 5 M"OY 6PAY SAL>IES (T5 RUNN+ 6M ?AN 4#EJ1JJJ A YE> 6_! TOP MANAGE;T4 ,!Y C AF=D FANCY (FICES1 A LOT ( TRAVEL 63F];ES 9 EXP5SIVE HOTELS1 &A V ?OR\< PACKAGE ( FR+E B5EFITS = SUP]VISORS & O!R PROFES.NAL /AFF4 ,BL "W]S C 2 LAID (F OR FIR$ AT W2 & !Y (T5 H NO SICK L1VE1 NO VAC,N1 & NO SAY AB "W+ 3DI;NS4 ,! S;GS P S+ TELL A GRT D1L AB _! LIVES4 ,9 ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL WE H S"EAL S;GS AB %ELT]$ %OPS4 ,"O ( ^! IS SUNG 6! TUNE (! RELIGI\S S;G ,BR++ 9 ! ,%1VES1 B X IS TITL$ ,BR++ 9 ! ,?IEVES4 ,! *ORUS GOES L ?3 ,BR++ 9 ! ?IEVES1 ,BR++ 9 ! ?IEVES1 ,! "W%OPS -E RJCG1 ,BR++ 9 ! ?IEVES4 ,Z Y MIE N ! "W]S4 ,ANO!R S;G IS D"O 6! TUNE ( ,I'VE ,BE5 ,"W9' ON ! ,RAILROAD4 ,X IS CALL$ ,I'VE ,BE5 ,"W9' 9 ! ,"W%OP1 & GOES L ?3 ,I'VE BE5 "W9' 9 ! "W%OP1 ,ALL ! LIVEL;G "D1 ,&)! WAGES T !Y PAY ME1 ,X'S J 6PASS MY "T AWAY4 ,9 #AIFJ ! BL "W]S 9 ! ,SAN ,DIEGO %OP ASK$ ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D 6ORD] AN ELEC;N 6P]MIT !M 6UNIONIZE4 ,9 A ?REE-TO-TWO SPLIT DECI.N ! ,BO>D REFUS$ 6TAKE JURISDIC;N1 HAV+ BE5 PROPAG&IZ$ 0MANAGE;T 962LIEV+ T ! PRIME PURPOSE (! %OP 0 REHABILITATIVE 9 NATURE &1 "!=E1 T ! BL "W]S DID N NE$ ! SAME "RS & PROTEC;NS 5JOY$ 0O!R ,AM]ICANS 9 ! "W =CE4 ,X 0 #AIGF 2F WE CD GET ? DECI.N REV]S$4 ,T 0 ! ,*ICAGO ,LIE EI GOV]N;TAL OR NONPR(IT ORGANIZ,NS1 ! "W%OPS PAY NO TAXES4 ,!Y RCV H1VY SUBSIDIES F ! GOV]N;T1 & !Y RCV DON,NS F ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,F$]AL LEGISL,N REQUIRES GOV]N;T AG5CIES 6BUY PRODUCTS F ! %OPS4 ,I AM N -PLA9+ AB ALL ( ?4 ,I AM ONLY SAY+ T IF X IS GO+ 6HAPP51 ,I DON'T WANT ALL (! PIE 6G 6MANAGE;T4 ,I WANT ! "W]S 6H A FEW BITES1 TOO4 ,! "W%OPS H TRADI;N,Y MADE BROOMS1 MOPS1 & MATTRESSES4 ,M REC5TLY !Y H RCVD L>GE GOV]N;T 3TRACTS 6PRODUCE A WIDE V>IETY ( ITEMS & H SUBCONTRACT$ ) PRIVATE 9DU/RY4 ,! ,*ICAGO ,LIGA9+4 ,SEV5TY 6EIS4 ,S ! ,LID 9 #AIGF1 ,^? CALL$ ,8EMPLOYEES' RCV PD VAC,NS1 SICK L1VE1 PD HOLI"DS1 P]SONAL L1VE "DS1 HOSPITALIZ,N 9SUR.E1 LIFE 9SUR.E1 P5.N B5EFITS1 "WM5'S -P5S,N B5EFITS1 & UNEMPLOY;T 9SUR.E2 ^? CALL$ ,8CLI5TS' D N4 ,9 ALL O!R RESPECTS1 \R BRIEF SD1 EMPLOYEES & ,8CLI5TS' RCV EQUAL TR1T;T4 ,!Y >E SUP]VIS$1 PUN* A "T CLOCK1 "W EID ORD]$ AN ELEC;N AT ! ,*ICAGO ,LIE N[ TRY+ 6ORGANIZE AG AT ! ,*ICAGO ,LIE :AT WE H ) HM4 ,6! EXT5T T WE H X OR C GET X1 WE W SEE T HE HAS M"OY = FOOD & CLO!S4 ,9 ,MASSA*USETTS A FEW "DS AGO "! 0 A TRANSIT /RIKE4 ,/ATE EMPLOYEES 7 PD =! "D ON ! !ORY T !Y CD N GET 6"W4 ,BL "W]S AT ! /ATE "W%OP 7AL /ATE EMPLOYEES7 7 N PD =! "DPRESUMABLY ON ! !ORY T !Y CDN'T D ANY?+ AB X4 ,! ,MASSA*USETTS "W%OP IS 3SID]+ A LI/ ( FACTORS ON : 6EVALUATE XS "W]S4 ,"S (! FACTORS >E ^!3 REAC;N 6CRITICISM1 REAC;N 6PRAISE1 REAC;N 6AU?OR;Y1 REAC;N 6CO-"W]S1 A3EPT.E ( RESPONSIBIL;Y1 PO/URE1 S.D LOCALIZ,N1 S5SE ( HUMOR1 9DEP5D5T AC;N1 "W] SELF- 3CEPT1 SOCIAL 3DUCT1 MOTIV,N1 DEP5DABIL;Y1 9ITIATIVE1 "W QUAL;Y1 & "W QUANT;Y4 ,"! >E O!R FACTORS ON ! LI/1 B ,I ?9K ,I H GIV5 Y 5 6MAKE ! PO9T4 ,! ONLY TWO ?+S ON T LI/ T RE,Y "\ 6BE GIV5 V M* WEIE ! QUANT;Y &! QUAL;Y (! "W ! EMPLOYEE DOES4 ,I AM "PICUL>LY /RUCK 0MANAGE;T'S 9T5;N 6EVALUATE ! BL "W]S ON _! S5SE ( HUMOR4 ,X'S A BAD JOKE4 ,) 3DI;NS :AT !Y >E 9 ! %ELT]$ %OP "!'S N A :OLE LOT 6LAU< AB4 ,WE H A JOB 6D 9 ,MASSA*USETTS2 &1 AG1 ,I HOPE & 2LIEVE T Y W 2 AT \R SIDE4 ,Y 7 ) U 9 ,C9C9NATI A FEW WEEKS AGO :5 ! %OP"W]S VOT$ 6BE REPRES5T$ 0! ,T1M/]S4 ,I AM TOLD T "S (! "W]S 9 ! ,C9C9NATI %OP MAKE #EH C5TS AN H\R :ILE ! DIRECTOR (! ORGANIZ,N MAKES UPW>DS ( 4#EJ1JJJ A YE>4 ,I LOOK =W>D 6! 3TRACT TALKS1 & ,I SUSPECT Y D1 TOO4 ,*ICAGO 0 6BE A TURN+ PO9T1 = >M$ )! ,,NLRB DECI.N T BL %OP "W]S _H ! "R 6ORGANIZE1 ! ,F$],N 9T5SIFI$ XS CAMPAIGN 9 %OPS "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL &! ,H\/ON ,LITICLE 9 ! ,DECEMB]1 #AIGI1 ,BRL ,MONITOR3 ,,TW9 ,,VICTORIES ,,= ,,! ,,BL ,,9 ,,%ELT]$ ,,"W%OPS3 ,,! ,,N,NAL ,,LABOR ,,REL,NS ,,BO>D ,,RULES ,,9 ,,\R ,,FAVOR ,,AG ,,OV] ,,! ,,PROTE/S ,,( ,,! ,,AFB1 ,,NAC1 ,,ACB1 ,,ALL1 ,,& ,,NIB ,,-B9E ,! BATTLE 2+ WAG$ 0! BL 6SECURE A FIRM & UNIV]SAL RECOGNI;N (! FUNDA;TAL "R ( BL %OP "W]S 6ORGANIZE & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY ) MANAGE;T "? LABOR UNIONS HAS 9 REC5T YE>S MOV$ 6C5T] /AGE1 O3UPY+ ! SPOTLIE "W+ 6RISE F SECOND-CLASS /ATUS 9 SOCIETY F ^? AT ! C5T] ( P[] 9 ! TRADI;NAL AG5CY /RUCTURE :O DESP]ATELY WANT 63T9UE 6EX]CISE 3TROL OV] U Z 9F]IORS4 ,! DECI.NS 0! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D 7,,NLRB7 OV] ! PA/ ?REE & "O-HALF YE>S2 9CR1S$ ATT5;N 0! ,3GRESS &! ,U4,S4 ,DE"P;T ( ,LABOR 6\R CALLS = M9IMUM WAGE2 ! 9VE/IG,NS ( /ATE (FICIALS 7ESPECI,Y ! AUDITS & LEGISLATIVE REPORTS ISSU$ ON ! "W%OPS 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE72 &! EXPOSES 09VE/IGATIVE REPORT]S =! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL1 ,U4,S4 ,NEWS & ,_W ,REPORT1 &! ,,CBS TELEVI.N PROGRAM #FJ ,M9UTES H =C$ ! AG5CY OV]"LS 6DEF5D _! 3DUCT 9 A PUBLIC >5A ": X IS 9CR1S+LY UNA3EPTA# 6HIDE 2H ! CLOAK ( PROFES.NALISM & ALL-"K+ EXP]TISE4 ,N[ ON ! HEELS ( ^! O!R EV5TS -ES P]H ! MO/ DRAMATIC & SIGNIFICANT S+LE BR1K"? 6DATE3 TWO L&M>K RUL+S 0! ,,NLRB : 9 ! IMM S5SE A6ECT ! "W]S AT BO? ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL &! ,H\/ON ,LID ON ,SEPTEMB] #AH2 !Y 7 DIRECT & UNEQUIVOCAL1 ! BASIC "R ( BL %ELT]$ %OP "W]S 6=M A COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ UNIT & 6DESIGNATE A LABOR UNION 6REPRES5T !M HAS BE5 UPHELD 9 ! FACE (! /R;GE/ & BE/ F9.ED OPPOSI;N POSSI#4 ,"! IS NO "Q AB X N[2 "! IS NO QUALIFIC,N OR WI7L+4 ,! ,,NLRB HAS N[ TAK5 F9AL & POSITIVE AC;N ) RESPECT 6! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL1 &! ,H\/ON ,LI 2H4 ,9 ! ,BRL ,MONITOR = ,AUGU/-,SEPTEMB]1 #AIGH1 WE DESCRIB$ ! ORGANIZ+ CAMPAIGN AT ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL & "USCOR$ ! SIGNIFIC.E (! VICTORY : 0 A*IEV$ :51 ON ,JUNE #G1 #AIGH1 ! #GI "W]S AT ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N :O 7 ELIGI# 6VOTE 9 ! UNION REPRES5T,N ELEC;N DET]M9$1 0A VOTE ( #DD 6#CE1 T !Y WD 2 REPRES5T$ 0,LOCAL ,NO4 #AJJ (! ,TRUCK ,DRIV]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 & ,HELP]S ,UNION1 A6ILIAT$ )! ,9T]N,NAL ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,T1M/]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 ,W>EH\SEM51 & ,HELP]S ( ,AM]ICA4 ,ON ,JUNE #AE1 #AIGH1 ! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR (! ,,NLRB C]TIFI$ ! ELEC;N ( ,T1M/]'S ,LOCAL #AJJ Z ! EXCLUSIVE REPRES5TATIVE (! EMPLOYEES 79CLUD+ ^? : >E (T5 REF]R$ 6Z CLI5TS7 AT ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N4 ,? 0 A TRULY HI/ORIC EV5T1 ! /R;GE/ A6IRM,N "E (! "R (! BL 6ORGANIZE & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY1 B LL DID MO/ ( U "K T ! T\D FIGA9+ PROCESS4 ,S"EAL GD-FAI? ATTEMPTS 7 MADE 6BR+ ! ,ASSO-CI,N 6! B>GA9+ TA#1 B 6NO AVAILRUL+S (! ,,NLRB SEEM$ 6MAKE NO DI6];E1 ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N WD N NEGOTIATE A 3TRACT4 ,WE >E WELL A3U/OM$ 6HE>+ ! AG5CY OV]"LS SP1K ( !MVS & _! EXP]TISE 9 ! L(TIE/ ( T]MS USU,Y RES]V$ ONLY =! HIGA9+ UNIT REPRES5T+ 8 "W]S4 ,0LATE ,AUGU/ X 2CAME CLE> 6ALL ( U1 & 6(FICIALS (! ,,NLRB Z WELL1 T ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N WD N B>GA9 )! BL "? ! ,T1M/]S ,UNION UN.S =C$ 6D S 0AN AU?OR;Y HI<] ?AN ! ,LABOR ,BO>D1 P]H A ,F$]AL ,C\RT4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #CA1 #AIGH1 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NSEL (! ,,NLRB -M;ED ! AC;NS NEC 6-PEL ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N 6-E 6! B>GA9+ TA# & NEGOTIATE AN AGREE;T )! "W]S "? ! ,UNION4 ,? AC;N TOOK ! =M ( AN UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE *>GE LEVEL$ AG/ ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N 0! ,G5]AL ,C\NSEL (! ,,NLRB & FIL$ )! ,BO>D XF =A DET]M9,N4 ,! ,ASSOCI,N1 Z EXPECT$1 D5I$ ! *>GE1 >GU+ T "! 7 NO VALID GR.DS =! ,LABOR ,BO>D 6ORD] A UNION ELEC;N 9 ! F/ PLACE1 S N[ T A UNION _H BE5 VOT$ 9 X %D N H 6-PLY )! DEM&S = COLLECTIVE B>GA9+4 ,? AM.T$ 6A FULL-BL[N APP1L (! ,LABOR ,BO>D'S ORIG9AL DECI.N H&$ D[N 9 ,MAY ( #AIGH ORD]+ ! ELEC;N = UNION REPRES5T,N4 ,T ! CASE (! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N GOES F> 2Y ! 3F9ES ( T S+LE "W%OP IS 7OR "\ 6BE7 R1DILY APP>5T1 B 9 CASE "! >E ANY D\BTS1 3SID] :AT HAPP5$ NEXT 9 ! PROCE$+S 2F ! ,,NLRB-5T]1 ,N,NAL ,IN- DU/RIES =! ,BL 7,,NIB71 9T]V5]1 DEF5D+ ! AC;NS ( ,RESPOND5T1 ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL1 & CALL+ = REPUDI,N (! ,LABOR ,BO>D'S ORIG9AL DECI.N 9 ! ,C9C9NATI ,CASE4 ,,NIB IS ! WELL-F9.ED & F$],Y DESIGNAT$ COORD9AT+ AG5CY RESPONSI# = ALLOCAT+ F$]AL GOV]N;T & O!R 3TRACTS 6XS A6ILIAT$ "W%OPS "?\T ! C.TRY1 & 9 TURN 7= XS S]VICES7 ,,NIB RCVS A P]C5TAGE 7F\R P]C5T = MO/ NON-MILIT>Y1 & T5 P]C5T = MO/ MILIT>Y1 3TRACTS7 (! GROSS SALES "U ^! 3TRACTS4 ,DUR+ ! FISCAL YE> 5D+ ,SEPTEMB] #CJ1 #AIGH1 "! 7 GROSS SALES 9 ! ,,NIB SY/EM EXCE$+ 4#ABJ1JJJ1JJJ4 ,_M ( ,,NIB'S EXEC-UTIVES >E =M] MILIT>Y TOP BRASS1 RETIR$ ON TAXPAY]-FUND$ P5.NS4 ,AT LA/ REPORT1 9 ! SPR+ ( #AIGI1 ! ORGANIZ,N _H NO BL EMPLOYEES 9 A "W =CE ( APPROXIMATELY #FJ4 ,TOTAL SAL>IES & P5.N 3TRIBU;NS 9 ! YE> 5D$ ,JUNE1 #AIGG1 EXCE$$ 4#A MILLION1 & Y C 2 SURE T NO "O ON ,,NIB'S /AFF E>NS LESS ?AN M9IMUM WAGE4 ,,NIB1 !N1 IS AN ORGANIZ,N : PRIM>ILY COORD9ATES "W%OP 3TRACT+2 H;E VIRTU,Y XS ONLY S\RCE ( REV5UE IS ! P]C5TAGE X RCVS ON EA* 3TRACT1 :1 9 TURN1 IS PD = \ (! PROCE$S G5]AT$ 0PRODUC;N ACTIV;Y 9 ! "W%OPS1 ALL ( : M1NS T ! BL :O "W 9 ! "W%OPS 7_M ON LESS ?AN M9IMUM WAGE7 3TRIBUTE SUB/ANTI,Y T[>D PAY+ ! SAL>IES ( ,,NIB'S WELL -P5SAT$ EXECUTIVES1 _M ( :OM AL DIP 96! F$]AL C(F]S = _! N S M1G] MILIT>Y RETIRE;T P5.NS4 ,B ? IS ONLY "P (! F9ANCIAL >RANGE;TIT AL FOLL[S T S9CE ,,NIB'S 9COME IS PRIM>ILY G5]AT$ 0! PRODUCTIV;Y (! BL "W]S 9 ! "W%OPS1 ANY AC;NS : ,,NIB TAKES1 S* Z 9T]V5+ ON 2HALF (! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL 2F ! ,,NLRB1 W 2 F9.ED 0! SW1T F ! BL "W]S' BR[S Z WELL4 ,& S ? IS H[ X IS ) ,,NIB4 ,! BL "W]S %D 2 PR\DY\ N"E G SECOND- CLASS :5 Y G ) ,,NIB1 UN.S1 ( C\RSE1 Y >E ! "O :O IS RE,Y DO+ ! "W 6BR+ HOME ! M"OY 6PAY ! BILLS2 B EV5 S1 ! BL "W]S W 2 PR\D 6"K T "? _! COLLECTIVE EF=TS !Y MANAG$ 6PROVIDE ,,NIB ) 5 9COME 6HIRE :AT IS G5],Y REG>D$ Z ! MO/ PRE/IGI\S 7&! MO/ EXP5SIVE7 LAW FIRM 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D4,C4 7! FIRM ( ,COV+TON & ,BURL+71 6>GUE ! ,,NIB CASE AG/ ! BL 2F ! ,LABOR ,BO>D4 ,9 T]MS (! L;G] VIEW1 ! APP1L 0! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL1 BACK$ 0! ,,NIB ) XS HI/ORIC & 3T9U+ TIES 6! RE/ (! ,,AFB1 ,,NAC1 ,,ACB1 & ,,ALL -B9E1 HAS 6BE SE5 Z J "O M 9 A S]IES ( PREPLANN$ TACTICS 6BR1K ! BACK (! ,UNION 04REG>D+ ! W (! BL Z EXPRESS$ 0_! DEMOCRATIC VOTE4 ,"! 0 RE,Y NO SUB/ANTIVE ISSUE LEFT =! ,,NLRB 6DECIDE1 &! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N KNEW ?1 B P]H X 0 ! FEEL+ T1 )! M"OY ( ,,NIB &! PRE/IGE ( XS HI<-PRIC$ LAW FIRM1 ! ORIG9AL DECI.N J MI ( PAY+ LESS ?AN M9IMUM WAGE1 ANO!R YE> ) FEW OR NO B5EFITS =! "W]S1 ANO!R YE> ) NO %[-UP PAY1 & ANO!R YE> )\T HAV+ 6B>GA9 )! ,LABOR ,UNION4 ,S ! APP1L W5T =W>D AT ! ,LABOR ,BO>D1 & AL;G ! WAY ! ,F$],N 9T]V5$ ON 2HALF (! BL &! LOCAL ,T1M/]S ,UNION2 BRIEFS 7 FIL$2 ! MON?S W5T BY1 :ILE ! "W]S 9SIDE ! "W%OP DID _! BE/ 6KEEP _! _SS & _! HOPES UP )! 5C\RAGE;T ( ,,NFB L1D]S & MEMB]S F "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,!N1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #AH1 ! WAIT+ 0 OV]! DECI.N 0 ISSU$WE _H -E FACE-TO-FACE )! P[] &! M"OY (! AG5CIES1 & WE _H WON AG4 ,! DECI.N : CAME D[N IS AN IMPORTANT "O1 = X E/ABLI%ES M FIRMLY ?AN "E 2F \R "R 6ORGANIZE & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY & F9DS T1 0BLOCK+ ! EX]CISE ( ? "R 0! BL "W]S 9 ,C9C9NATI1 ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL IS GUILTY ( UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES : >E PROHIBIT$ 0! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT4 ,BETT] YET1 ! ,ASSOCI,N IS N[ ORD]$ 0! ,LABOR ,BO>D 6C1SE & DESI/ F FUR!R -MITT+ ^! UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES & 69ITIATE COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ ) XS EMPLOYEES "? ! ,T1M/]S ,UNION4 ,! DECI.N & ORD] 0! ,BO>D R1DS 9 "P Z FOLL[S 7REF];ES 6! ,ACT M1N ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT1 Z AM5D$73 ,3CLU.NS ( ,LAW #A4 ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL IS AN EMPLOY] 5GAG$ 9 -M]CE )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #B7#F7 & 7#G7 (! ,ACT4 #B4 ,TRUCK ,DRIV]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 & ,HELP]S ,LOCAL ,UNION ,NO4 #AJJ1 A6ILIAT$ )! ,9T]N,NAL ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,T1M/]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 ,W>EH\SEM51 & ,HELP]S ( ,AM]ICA1 IS A LABOR ORGANIZ,N )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #B7#E7 (! ,ACT4 #C4 ,ALL PRODUC;N & MA9T5.E EMPLOYEES & CLI5TS1 9CLUD+ %IPP+ & RCVG EMPLOYEES1 ( ,RESPOND5T'S "W%OP LOCAT$ AT #BJDE ,GILB]T ,AV5UE1 ,C9C9NATI1 ,OHIO1 EXCLUD+ (FICE CL]ICAL EMPLOYEES1 PROFES.NAL EMPLOYEES1 GU>DS & SUP]VISORS Z DEF9$ 9 ! ,ACT1 3/ITUTE A UNIT APPROPRIATE =! PURPOSES ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #I7B7 (! ,ACT4 #D4 ,S9CE ,JUNE #AE1 #AIGH1 ! ABV-"ND LABOR ORGANIZ,N HAS BE5 & N[ IS ! C]TIFI$ & EXCLUSIVE REPRES5TATIVE ( ALL EMPLOYEES 9 ! A=ESD APPROPRIATE UNIT =! PURPOSE ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #I7A7 (! ,ACT4 #E4 ,0REFUS+ ON OR AB ,AUGU/ #BE1 #AIGH1 & AT ALL "TS "!AF1 6B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY )! ABV- "ND LABOR ORGANIZ,N Z ! EXCLUSIVE B>GA9+ REPRES5TATIVE ( ALL ! EMPLOYEES ( ,RESPOND5T 9 ! APPROPRIATE UNIT1 ,RESPOND5T HAS 5GAG$ 9 & IS 5GAG+ 9 UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #H7A77#E7 (! ,ACT4 #F4 ,0! A=ESD REFUSAL 6B>GA91 ,RESPOND5T HAS 9T]F]$ )1 RE/RA9$1 & CO]C$1 & IS 9T]F]+ )1 RE-/RA9+1 & CO]C+1 EMPLOYEES 9 ! EX]CISE (! "RS GU>ANTE$ !M 9 ,SEC;N #G (! ,ACT1 & "!BY HAS 5GAG$ 9 & IS 5GAG+ 9 UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #H7A77L7 (! ,ACT4 #G4 ,! A=ESD UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES >E UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES A6ECT+ -M]CE )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #B7#F7 & 7#G7 (! ,ACT4 ,,ORD] ,PURSUANT 6,SEC;N #AJ7C7 (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT1 Z AM5D$1 ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D "HBY ORD]S T ! ,RESPOND5T1 ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N =! ,BL1 ,C9C9NATI1 ,OHIO1 XS (FIC]S1 AG5TS1 SU3ESSORS1 & ASSIGNS1 %3 #A4 ,C1SE & DESI/ F3 7A7 ,REFUS+ 6B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY 3C]N+ RATES ( PAY1 WAGES1 H\RS1 & O!R T]MS & 3DI;NS ( EMPLOY;T ) ,TRUCK ,DRIV]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 & ,HELP]S ,LOCAL ,UNION ,NO4 #AJJ1 A6ILIAT$ )! ,9T]N,NAL ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,T1M/]S1 ,*AU6EURS1 ,W>EH\SEM5 & ,HELP]S ( ,AM]ICA1 Z ! EXCLUSIVE B>GA9+ REPRES5TATIVE ( XS EMPLOYEES4 7B7 ,9 ANY L OR RELAT$ MANN] 9T]F]+ )1 RE/RA9+1 OR CO]C+ EMPLOYEES 9 ! EX]CISE (! "RS GU>ANTE$ !M 9 ,SEC;N #G (! ,ACT4 #B4 ,TAKE ! FOLL[+ A6IRMATIVE AC;N : ! ,BO>D F9DS W E6ECTUATE ! POLICIES (! ,ACT3 7A7 ,^U REQUE/1 B>GA9 )! ABV-"ND LABOR ORGANIZ,N Z ! EXCLUSIVE REPRES5TATIVE ( ALL EMPLOYEES 9 ! A=ESD APPROPRIATE UNIT ) RESPECT 6RATES ( PAY1 WAGES1 H\RS1 & O!R T]MS & 3DI;NS ( EMPLOY;T1 &1 IF AN UN-D]/&+ IS R1*$1 EMBODY S* "U/&+ 9 A SIGN$ AGREE;T4 7B7 ,PO/ AT #BJDE ,GILB]T ,AV5UE1 ,C9C9NATI1 ,OHIO1 COPIES (! ATTA*$ NOTICE M>K$ ,APP5DIX4 ,COPIES ( SD NOTICE1 ON =MS PROVID$ 0! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR = ,REGION #I1 AF 2+ DULY SIGN$ 0,RESPOND5T'S REPRES5TATIVE1 % 2 PO/$ 0,RESPOND5T IMMLY ^U RECEIPT "!(1 & 2 MA9TA9$ 0X = #FJ 3SECUTIVE "DS "!AF1 9 3SPICU\S PLACES1 9CLUD+ ALL PLACES ": NOTICES 6EMPLOYEES >E CU/OM>ILY PO/$4 ,R1SONA# /EPS % 2 TAK5 0,RESPOND5T 69SURE T SD NOTICES >E N ALT]$1 DEFAC$1 OR COV]$ 0ANY O!R MAT]IAL4 7C7 ,NOTIFY ! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR = ,REGION #I1 9 WRIT+1 )9 #BJ "DS F ! DATE ( ? ,ORD]1 :AT /EPS H BE5 TAK5 6-PLY "H)4 ,DAT$1 ,WA%+TON1 ,D4,C41 ,SEPTEMB] #AH1 #AIGI ,0ANY /&>D ? IS A RES.D+ VICTORY & "O : HAS N BE5 H&$ 6U ON A SILV] PLATT]4 ,"! H BE5 EX-P5SIVE LEGAL BILLS TGR ) M* GR.D-"W & $UCAT+ (! ,T1M/]S1 & ,F$],NI/S & _! FRS 0! ?\S&S H ALL _H A "P 9 BR++ ? GRT "D AB4 ,( C\RSE1 X GOES )\T SAY+ T ! BATTLE 3T9UES2 ORD]S (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D >E N SELF-5=C+1 & Y C 2 SURE T ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N1 HAV+ FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ XS C\RSE ( NON-NEGOTI,N W N WILL+LY RETR1T4 ,! NOTICE REF]R$ 6Z AN ,APP5DIX 6! ,LABOR ,BO>D'S ,ORD] AM.TS 6AN A6IRM,N T ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N W RECOGNIZE XS OBLIG,N 6-E 6! B>GA9+ TA# & 5T] 96AN AGREE;T ) XS "W]S1 B Z EXPECT$1 ! ,ASSOCI,N REFUSES 6SIGN OR PO/ ! NOTICE & HAS 9/1D FIL$ A PETI;N )! ,F$]AL ,C\RT ( ,APP1LS =! ,SIX? ,CIRCUIT1 ASK+ 6H ! DECI.N & ORD] (! ,,NLRB REVIEW$ & SET ASIDE4 ,?US ! BATTLE 9 ,C9C9NATI N[ MOVES F ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D 6! ,F$]AL ,C\RTS4 ,M "T W 2 TAK52 "! W 2 M DELAYS2 M BRIEFS1 ORAL >GU;TS W 2 S*$UL$1 &! MON?S W G 0:ILE ! BL "W]S 9SIDE ! "W%OP AT ! ,C9C9NATI ,ASSOCI,N W TRY 6KEEP _! _SS UP1 HOP+ =A SWIFT & SATISFACTORY 3CLU.N (! NEXT /EPS 9 ? S]IES ( CLASSIC MANEUV]S 6E/ABLI% ! "R 6ORGANIZE & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY4 ,Z ! MON?S SPR1D 2F U ALL1 ! /R5G? & RESOLVE ( ALL ,F$],NI/S W 2 NE$$ 6SEE ! BATTLE 9 ,C9C9NATI "? 6XS ULTIMATE 3CLU.N4 ,\R 5]GY1 \R "T1 \R /R;G & 3FID5T VOICE1 AL;G ) ESPECI,Y \R M"OY & \R COLLECTIVE W M/ 2 AVAILA# Z N"E 2F4 ,YES1 ! BATTLE GR[S L;G 9 ,C9C9NATI1 B EV5 S1 ALL BL P H M DIGN;Y &A BETT] /ATUS 9 SOCIETY TD 2C ( X4 ,M1N:ILE AT ! ,H\/ON ,LI 6^? : _H O3URR$ 2F ! ELEC;N = ,UNION REPRES5T,N 9 ,C9C9NATI1 7 TAK+ PLACE4 ,9 ! ,BRL ,MONITOR = ,APRIL1 #AIGI1 WE REPORT$ ! DECI.N (! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR =! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D 9 ,H\/ON :O1 EX]CIS+ 8 [N AU?OR;Y1 ORD]$ AN ELEC;N AT ! ,H\/ON ,LID 9 ,WA%+TON1 &! ,BO>D DECID$ T X WD REVIEW ! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR'S DECI.N1 :ILE TEMPOR>ILY UPHOLD+ ! ORD] = AN ELEC;N & IMP.D+ ! BALLOT BOX P5D+ ! \TCOME (! REVIEW4 ,9 A WAY1 :ILE X 0 "S:AT 4APPO9T+ 7& C]TA9LY S]V$ 6DELAY MATT]S7 =! FULL ,BO>D 6REVIEW ! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR'S DECI.N1 ! FACT T ! ORIG9AL DECI.N 0 MADE AT ALL AT ! ,REGIONAL LEVEL 0 HE>T5+ = X %[S T A CLE>] PREC$5T HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ Z ! RESULT ( ,C9C9NATI &! E>LI] CASE 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,9 BO? ,C9C9NATI & ,*ICAGO X W 2 REMEMB]$ T ! ,,NLRB ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTORS DECL9$ 6RULE ON ! PETI;NS = ELEC;N1 PASS+ ! CASES AL;G = FULL ,BO>D AC;N 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,N[1 )! ,LABOR ,BO>D'S FIRM ORD]S 9 ,C9C9NATI & ,H\/ON1 WE C EXPECT M DECISIVE & POSITIVE AC;N AT ! ,REGIONAL LEVEL Z FUTURE CASES >E BR"\ 6! ,,NLRB4 ,AG1 9 ,H\/ON1 ! MON?S W5T 0Z ATTORNEYS =! RESPECTIVE "PIES & \R ATTORNEYS 7! ,F$],N _H BE5 AD-MITT$ 96! CASE Z AN 9T]V5]7 FIL$ _! BRIEFS & MADE _! >GU;TS4 ,N SURPRIS+LY1 ! ISSUES 7 ID5TICAL 6^? 9 ! ,C9C9NATI CASE3 ,>E BL "W]S 6BE 3SID]$ EMPLOYEES "U ! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,ACT8 ,IS ! ,LID 6ASS]T JURISDIC;N8 ,! ,BO>D _H ALR DECID$ ! ,C9C9NATI ,CASE 9 #AIGH ON ^! & RELAT$ "QS1 S X N[ REMA9$ 6DET]M9E :E!R ,H\/ON 0 SIMIL> 5 69VOKE ! ,C9C9NATI PREC$5T4 ,! ,BO>D DET]M9$ T X WAS4 ,! DECI.N ON REVIEW R1DS 9 "P 7! EMPLOY] REF]R$ 6IN ! DECI.N IS ! ,H\/ON ,LIE SOLD 9 M>KET \TLETS 9 ,H>RIS ,C.TY & ,H\/ON1 ,TEXAS4 ,PURSUANT 63TRACTS )! ,U4,S4 ,G5]AL ,S]VICES ,ADM9I/R,N 7,,GSA71 _M (! FELT- TIPP$ P5S1 Z WELL Z ! DET]G5T &! 49FECTANT1 >E SUPPLI$ 6! ,F$]AL GOV]N;T4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N AL P]=MS SUBCONTRACT+ "W 9CLUD+1 9T] ALIA1 ASSEMBL+ FI%+ ROD HOLD]S1 P]=M+ GR1SE *ECK ASSEMBLY "W1 & FILL+ NOTEBOOK B9D]S ) 9S]TS = V>I\S -PANIES4 ,9 #AIGG ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N G5]AT$ 4#D1FBJ1JJJ WOR? ( REV5UE F SALES (! M]*&ISE DESCRIB$ ABV4 ,^! REV5UES NETT$ A PR(IT ( 4#BCG1JJJ =! ,EMPLOY] : 0 UTILIZ$ 9 O!R >1S ( XS OP],NS4 ,! ,EMPLOY]'S TOTAL REV5UE 9COME 9 #AIGG 0 4#E1AIE1JJJ : 9CLUD$1 9 A4I;N 6! REV5UE F ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N1 FEES F /ATE PROGRAMS1 DON,NS F ! ,UNIT$ ,FUND1 GRANTS1 3TRIBU;NS1 & O!R DON,NS4 ,EXP5DITURES 0! ,EMPLOY] 9 #AIGG 9CLUD$ 4#C1FCA1JJJ = MAT]IALS & GDS1 4#GEB1JJJ = LABOR CO/S & O!R 9DU/RIAL OP],NS1 4#FDD1JJJ = REHABILIT,N1 & 4#ABC1JJJ = G5]AL ADM9I/RATIVE EXP5SES4 ,! BAL.E ( ^! TOTALS REV1LS T ! ,EMPLOY] NETT$ A PR(IT ( 4#DE1JJJ4 ,! ,EMPLOY] AL 3T5DS T ! ,BO>D %D DECL9E JURISDIC;N ON 4CRE;N>Y GR.DS4 ,9 ? REG>D1 ! ,EMPLOY] MA9TA9S T XS -M]CIAL ACTIV;Y IS M]ELY ANCILL>Y 6XS PURPOSE ( PROVID+ REHABILIT,N 6H&ICAPP$ P]SONS & T ! IMPACT (! ,EMPLOY]'S OP],NS ON 9T]/ATE -M]CE IS N SU6ICI5T 6W>RANT ! ,BO>D'S ASS];N ( JURISDIC;N4 ,WE D N AGREE4 ,AL? ! ,EMPLOY] 3T5DS T B =! GRANTS F *>ITIES S* Z ! ,UNIT$ ,WAY & M"OYS RCVD F ! ,F$]AL ,GOV]N;T = EXP]I;TAL PURPOSES1 X WD H LO/ 4#BDD1JJJ 9 #AIGG1 ! RECORD AMPLY DEMON/RATES ! IMPACT & NATURE (! ,EMPLOY]'S 9DU/RIAL OP],NS ) RESPECT 6-M]CE4 ,?US1 Z NOT$ ABV1 ! ,EMPLOY] 5T]S 963TRACTS )! ,G5]AL ,S]VICES ,ADM9I/R,N (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]N;T Z WELL Z O!R EMPLOY]S 9 ! ,H\/ON >EA 6MANUFACTURE & 4TRIBUTE PRODUCTS4 ,! ,EMPLOY]'S M]*&IS+ SALES F XS ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N A3.T$ = APPROXIMATELY #HH.E P]C5T (! TOTAL REV5UES RCVD 0! ,EMPLOY] 9 #AIGG4 ,A SIMIL> P]C5TAGE 0 EXP5D$ T[>D ! OP],NS (! ,IN-DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N4 ,! PRODUC;N FIGURES NOT$ ABV1 9CLUD+ ! MANUFACTURE ( #DJ MILLION P5S & V>I\S O!R ITEMS1 IN- DICATES 6U T1 3TR>Y 6XS ASS];NS1 ! ,EMPLOY]'S SUB/ANTIAL PRODUC;N & 4TRIBU;N ( ITEMS 0XS ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N ATTE/ 6! -M]CIAL NATURE (! ,EMPLOY]'S OP],NS4 ,FUR!R1 X IS CLE> T ! ,EMPLOY] 5D1VORS 69CR1SE XS MANUFACTUR+ \TPUT1 BROAD5 XS M>KETS1 & ESS5TI,Y OP]ATES Z WD A PRIVATE EMPLOY]4 ,= ^! R1SONS WE F9D NO BASIS = EX]CIS+ \R 4CRE;N 6DECL9E JURISDIC;N1 B R 3CLUDE T X W E6ECTUATE ! PURPOSES (! ,ACT 6ASS]T JURISDIC;N OV] ! ,EMPLOY]4 ,,II4 ,! ,EMPLOY] FUR!R 3T5DS T XS H&ICAPP$ "W]S 9 ,"W%OP ,A1 :O >E ! SUBJECT (! 9/ANT PETI;N1 >E N EMPLOYEES )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #B7#C7 (! ,ACT4 ,! ,EMPLOY] >GUES T ! REL,N%IP 2T ! ,EMPLOY] & XS CLI5TS IS "O ( REHABILIT,N4 ,BO? ! ,PETI;N] &! ,F$],N ASS]T T ! P]SONS 9 ! PETI;N$-= UNIT >E /ATUTORY EMPLOYEES & T ! ,EMPLOY]'S OP],NS >E -M]CIAL 9 NATURE4 ,! RECORD 9 ! 9/ANT CASE %[S T ! ,EMPLOY] OP]ATES ,"W%OP ,A "U NORMAL BUSI;S 3DI;NS & T ,"W-%OP ,A EMPLOYEES >E TR1T$ ESS5TI,Y Z >E REGUL> EMPLOYEES 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 ,EMPLOYEES 9 ,"W%OP ,A >E PD AT L1/ ! M9IMUM WAGE1 ! RANGE 2+ F 4#B.HI 64#C.DJ P] H\R BAS$ ON P]=M.E4 ,^! EMPLOYEES >E PD OV]"T RATES :5 "W+ M ?AN #H H\RS A "D4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y >E ELIGI# 6RCV M]IT RAISES BAS$ ON PRODUCTIV;Y1 & ^! M]IT RAISES >E SUBJECT 6RESCIS.N IF ! EMPLOYEE DOES N DEMON/RATE T ? PRODUCTIV;Y C 2 SU/A9$ AT T LEVEL4 ,EMPLOYEES 9 ,"W%OP ,A RCV A RETIRE;T PROGRAM1 VAC,NS1 & H1L? B5EFITS4 ,!Y >E COV]$ "U "WM5'S -P5S,N & UNEMPLOY;T -P5S,N4 ,!Y PUN* A "TCLOCK4 ,!Y H N9E PD HOLI"DS P] YE>4 ,SOCIAL ,SECUR;Y DEDUC;NS >E MADE F _! PAY*ECKS4 ,:ILE ! ,EMPLOY] MA9TA9S T XS REL,N%IP 6A P]SON 9 ,"W%OP ,A IS "O PRIM>ILY ( REHABILIT,N1 ! RECORD %[S1 = EXAMPLE1 T ) RESPECT 64CIPL9E ! ,EMPLOY] RESOLVES ^! PRO#MS US+ NORMAL ECONOMIC & BUSI;S 3SID],NS4 ,?US1 "! IS UNDISPUT$ EVID;E T EMPLOYEES H BE5 T]M9AT$ & SUSP5D$ =1 AM;G O!R ?+S1 FIDI;S1 & EXCESSIVE ABS5TEEISM4 ,MOREOV]1 AL? ! ,EMPLOY] ATTEMPTS 6PLACE EMPLOYEES 9 PRIVATE 9DU/RY1 ! RECORD %[S T _M ( ^! EMPLOYEES RETURN$ 6! ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N ,"W%OP ,A4 ,WE AL NOTE T A L>GE PROPOR- TION (! EMPLOYEE -PLE;T ( ,"W%OP ,A HAS "W$ = ,EMPLOY] = AT L1/ #AJ YE>S & "S = Z _M Z #BJ YE>S4 ,^! FACTS L1D U 6AGREE )! OBS]V,N ( "O (! ,EMPLOY]'S WIT;SES AT ! HE>+ 9 ? CASE T ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N OP]ATES L ANY MANUFACTUR+ OP],N4 ,X IS CLE> F ^! FACTS &! FACTS Z RECIT$ 0! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR T ! ,EMPLOY]'S REL,N%IP ) XS ,"W%OP ,A CLI5TS IS GUID$ 6A GRT EXT5T 0BUSI;S 3SID],NS4 ,WE "!=E 3CLUDE T ! EMPLOYEES 9 ,"W%OP ,A (! ,EM-PLOY]'S ,9DU/RIAL ,DIVI.N >E EMPLOYEES )9 ! M1N+ ( ,SEC;N #B7#C7 (! ,ACT4 ,ACLY1 WE A6IRM ! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR'S ,DECI.N & ,DIREC;N ( ,ELEC;N & DIRECT T ! BALLOTS : _H BE5 IMP.D$ 2 OP5$ & C.T$ 0! ,REGIONAL ,DIRECTOR & T "!AF HE TAKE S* FUR!R APPROPRIATE AC;N Z REQUIR$ 0,SEC;N #AJB.FI (! ,BO>D'S ,RULES & ,REGUL,NS1 ,S]IES #H1 Z AM5D$4 ,DAT$1 ,WA%+TON1 ,D4,C41 ,SEPTEMB] #AH1 #AIGI ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #BD1 PURSUANT 6! ,BO>D'S ORD]1 ! BALLOTS CA/ 0! "W]S AT ! ,H\/ON ,LIGA9+4 ,AT ? WRIT+1 9 LATE ,SEPTEMB]1 ! PROCESS ( (FICI,Y C]TIFY+ ! UNION'S ELEC;N IS GO+ =W>D1 & Y C 2 SURE T "! W 2 Z _M APP1LS Z POSSI# UNTIL ! MATT]1 Z 9 ! CASE ( ,C9C9NATI1 R1*ES ! ,F$]AL ,C\RTS4 ,WE H TRAVEL$ A V L;G ROAD F ! "DS :5 ! "R 6ORGANIZE & B>GA9 COLLECTIVELY 0 A DR1M &A HOPE EXPRESS$ 9 \R RESOLU;NS & PUBLIC /ATE;TS 6! PO9T ": ? "R IS N[ RECOGNIZ$ 0! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D1 B ? IS ": ! LATE/ RUL+S 0! ,,NLRB H PLAC$ U4 ,NO "O %D ?9K T ! BATTLE IS OV]1 H["E1 = "! W 2 _M M DELAYS1 M APP1LS1 M BRIEFS1 & M RUL+S4 ,! C\RSE (! FUTURE IS CLE>1 ?\<1 & WE >E FIRMLY RESOLV$ 6FOLL[ X "?4 ,9 DO+ S WE 3FRONT M"OY1 PRE/IGE1 & ALL ! P[] (! TRADI;NAL AG5CY E/ABLI%;T 9 "W )! BL1 2C "O ?+ X _C TOL]ATE IS RECOGNIZ+ ! ESS5TIAL "R : BL P H 6SP1K1 ?9K1 & ACT = !MVS "? _! *OS5 REPRES5TATIVES1 :E!R ! REPRES5TATIVE SELECT$ IS A ,LABOR ,UNION OR ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL4 ,9 A V R1L S5SE1 ? IS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT MESSAGE TRANSMITT$ 0! MO/ REC5T EV5TS 9 ! BATTLE 6BR+ ORGA-NIZ$ LABOR 96! %ELT]$ "W%OPS4 ,WE H (T5 SD T !Y D N WANT U 6SP1K = \RVS1 & IF "! 0 "E NE$ = PRO( ( ? TRUISM1 "H X IS 9 ! CASES ( ,H\/ON & ,C9C9NATI4 ,! FIELD ( "W )! BL IS FULL ( P :O >E DET]M9$ 6C>VE \ \R DE/9Y = U1 & !Y FIRMLY 9T5D 6D X1 US+ ANY TACTIC : !Y C F9D1 N"E M9D 3SID],NS ( "R & WR;G1 MORAL;Y1 OR EV5 MATT]S ( LEGAL;Y4 ,"O ALM WOND]S1 )! RUL+S (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D1 IF ! AG5CY OV]"LS W N[ 2G9 6SAY T ! MEMB]S (! ,BO>D >E SURELY BAD & CORRUPT P1 PROBABLY Z BAD & CORRUPT1 !Y W LIKELY SAY1 Z T DOGMATIC & ABRASIVE ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL & XS IRR,NAL ,PRESID5T1 ,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN4 ,P]H ! MEMB]S (! ,BO>D W 2COME ! SUBJECT ( P]SONAL ATTACK & ABUSE 9 ! PAGES (! ,DES ,MO9ES ,REGI/]4 ,LIKELY Z N ,*AIRMAN ,FANN+ 7*AIRMAN (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D7 W 2 *>G$ ) MEGALOMANIA4 ,H[ D>E HM ORD] A "W%OP =! BL 6LI/5 & RESPOND 6! BL P2 %AME1 %AME4 ,& :O C TELL1 MAYBE1 J MAYBE1 ! ,REGI/] W 4COV] T ! W9D[S (! BUILD+ O3UPI$ 0! ,,NLRB 9 ,WA%+TON >E MADE (A MYS-T]I\S SUB/.E "KN Z ,LEXAN4 ,NO "Q AB X1 ! REC5T DEVELOP;TS ON ! "W%OP ORGANIZ+ FRONT M/ 2 SE5 9 ! 3TEXT (! BROAD] /RU7LE (! BL 6A*IEVE EQUAL;Y & F/-CLASS /ATUS 9 ! FACE (! /U2ORN & (T5 MULI% RESI/.E (! V AG5CIES : "S MINY>D )! AG5CIES1 SL++ MUD AT ! BL :O H ! N]VE 6/& UP & MAKE DECI.NS = !MVS4 ,& :AT AB ? \TFIT CALL$ ,,ALL 7! ,A6ILIAT$ ,L1D]%IP ,L1GUE (&=! ,BL78 ,X PURPORTS 6"W ON 2HALF ( ALL ^? (&=! BL4 ,": 0 X :5 ! ,LABOR ,BO>D RUL$8 ,NO": 6BE F.D2 ,,ALL G"O1 IF Y W4 ,B WE "K ": WE W]E1 WE 7 ON ! B>RICADES 9 ,C9C9NATI1 & WE 7 FIS 7A BATTLE CRY : IS N A NEC SLOGAN B A WAY ( LIFE &A /ATE;T ( FAI?9 \RVS1 9 SOCIETY1 & 9 ! FUTURE74 ,! BATTLE CRY IS 9CR1S+LY REP1T$ & 9CR1S+LY "U/OOD3 ,WE "K :O WE >E1 & WE W N"E G BACK4 ,! E>LY & MID-#AIHJ'S 7 6SEE A S]IES ( SKIRMI%ES & BATTLES 2T ! BL &! "W%OPS "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,9 ,C9C9NATI & ,H\/ON %OP MANAGE;T APP1L$ 6! C\RTS1 & BO? ( !M ULTIMATELY LO/4 ,! ,C9C9NATI ADM9I/RATORS S"\ 6H ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,SUPREME ,C\RT REVIEW _! CASE1 B ! C\RT DECL9$4 ,UNIONS 7 E/ABLI%$ 9 ,C9C9NATI & ,H\/ON1 & EF=TS 7 MADE 9 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 ,>KANSAS1 & ELSE":4 ,9 ,>KANSAS ! VOTE 6UNIONIZE ! ,LID RUL$ T "! _H BE5 S* FLAGRANT ABUSE & S _M UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES T A UNION %D 2 E/ABLI%$ DESPITE ! ELEC;N4 ,MANAGE;T !N APP1L$ 6! ,EIY 6! RUL+S ( BO? ! ,FIF? & ,SIX? ,CIRCUITS1 ! ,EIDS ,ACT4 ,X 0 A L&M>K AM5D;T4 ,F ! 2G9N+ ! BL EMPLOYEES ( %ELT]$ %OPS _H BE5 EXCLUD$ F ! M9IMUM-WAGE PROVI.NS (! ACT2 & ^? :O 2LIEV$ !Y 7 2+ PD UNFAIRLY _H NO E6ECTIVE WAY ( PROTE/+4 ,! #AIHF AM5D;TS *ANG$ ALL T2 NO L;G] 7 BL "W]S P[].S 6SEEK JU/ICE & SECURE _! "RS4 ,! FULL SIGNIFIC.E (! LEGAL *ANGE1 & XS 3SEQU;ES = BL "W]S1 7 SPELL$ \ 9 AN >TICLE 0,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN APPE>+ 9 ! ,NOVEMB]1 #AIHI1 ISSUE (! ,BRL ,MONITOR3 ,,! ,,DILEMMA ,,( ,,! ,,%ELT]$ ,,%OP ,,"W] 0,K5NE? ,J]NIGAN ,X IS -MON K T MO/ (! "W%OPS =! BL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES H SUB/&>D "W+ 3DI;NS & PAY %AME;LLY L[ WAGES 6_! BL EMPLOYEES4 ,!Y C GET AWAY ) ? 2C (A PROVI.N 9 ! F$]AL ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT : SAYS T BL %OP "W]S MAY 2 PD LESS ?AN ! M9IMUM WAGE IF !Y _C PRODUCE Z M* Z A SILY SITUAT$ 9 PRIVATE 9DU/RY4 ,( C\RSE1 SID.S ( _! PRODUCTIVE CAPAC;Y4 ,& !N "! IS AL ! "Q ( H[ PRODUCTIVE CAPAC;Y IS M1SUR$ & :O IS SIMIL>LY SITUAT$4 ,PRESUMABLY TE/S >E MADE1 B WE H REP1T$LY DEMON/RAT$ T _M ( ^? TE/S >E RI7$4 ,:AT WD HAPP5 6! AV]AGE FACTORY "W] 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IF "! 7 NO F$]AL LABOR LAWS1 NO UNIONS1 & NO GOV]N;TAL ME*ANISMS = 9SPEC;N8 ,ALL WE H 6D = AN ANSW] IS 6LOOK AT :AT HAPP5$ DUR+ ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,B )! BL X IS EV5 WORSE4 ,NOBODY 2LIEVES T ! AV]AGE SIE SUB/&>D & ONLY A# 6"W IF !Y >E GIV5 *>;Y & SPECIAL 3SID],N4 ,ATTITUDES >E *ANG+1 B ! \TMOD$ NO;NS >E / F> TOO PREVAL5T4 ,9 ! CIRCUM/.ES X IS N SURPRIS+ T %ELT]$ "W%OP MANAG]S TAKE ADVANTAGE (! SITU,N & EXPLOIT4 ,X WD 2 REM>KA# IF !Y DID N4 ,"! >E BUDGETS 6MEET1 ADM9I/RATIVE SAL>IES 6PAY1 & LL LIKELIHOOD T ! MANAG]S W H 6PAY P5ALTIES 7& C]TA9LY N P]SONAL P5ALTIES7 IF !Y /RET* ! LAW OR *1T4 ,"!=E1 !Y SAY T _! EMPLOYEES >E N RE,Y "W]S AT ALL B J TRA9EES1 T MO/ ( !M >E MULTIPLY H&ICAPP$1 & T ! "W]S 7NO1 TRA9EES7 L ! 3DI;NS AT ! %OP1 & WDN'T H !M O!RWISE4 ,S :AT D Y D IF Y >E A BL EMPLOYEE 9 A %ELT]$ %OP 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TD8 ,IF Y -PLA91 TRY 6HELP =M A UNION1 OR 3TACT GOV]N;T AU?ORITIES1 Y >E LIKELY 6GET FIR$1 H YR WAGES CUT1 OR 2 TOLD T "! J ISN'T 5 "W 6KEEP Y ON A FULL-"T BASIS4 ,X MAY 2 D"O ) BIG ^WS & PROFES.NAL T]M9OLOGY4 ,X MAY EV5 2 DOCU;T$ & SUPPORT$ 0/UDIESBUT X HURTS J Z M*1 &! MESSAGE IS J Z CLE>4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF Y REMA9 SIL5T1 Y >E LIKELY 63T9UE ) />V,N WAGES & SUB/&>D 3DI;NS =! RE/ ( YR LIFE4 ,X IS N EASY1 & X IS N PL1SANT2 B X IS ! "EY"D EXP]I;E ( _M BL %OP "W]S "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,"H IS ": ! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL -ES IN4 ,UNLIKE LABOR UNIONS1 WE >E "KL$GEA# AB ! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS DODGE &! WAYS (! PROFES.NALS1 & WE _C 2 BAMBOOZL$4 ,MOREOV]1 WE >E /R;G 5 6RESI/ PRESSURE1 & WE _C 2 9TIMIDAT$4 ,"? \R DIVI.N = %OP "W]S 7! ,BL ,9DU/RIAL ,"W]S ( ,AM]ICA7 & "? LOCAL *APT]S1 "W%OP EMPLOYEES >E JO9+ ! ,F$],N 9 GR[+ NUMB]S4 ,!Y >E 2G9N+ 6H HEIE 9DICATIVE ( :AT IS 2G9N+ 6HAPP5 9 ! %OPS1 & ,I WANT 6%>E !M ) Y4 ,= OBVI\S R1SONS ! "N & LOCAL;Y >E 2+ OMITT$4 ,^! LRS %D CAUSE EA* ( U 6D S\L- SE>*+ & 6ASK \RVS :AT AC;N WE C TAKE 6HELP ! %OP "W]S 9 \R LOCAL >1S4 ,REG>D.S ( \R F9ANCIAL SITU,N OR SOCIAL POSI;N1 EA* ( U HAS A /AKE 9 :AT HAPP5S 6! %OP "W]S4 ,_! /RU7LE IS \R /RU7LE2 _! HOPE IS \R HOPE2 _! DR1M IS \R DR1M4 ,"H IS ! 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IS H[ X APPE>$ 9 ! ,MONITOR ( ,MAY- ,JUNE1 #AIHH3 ,,! ,,RI*MOND ,,"W%OP3 ,,BAD ,,MANAGE;T1 ,,QUAL;Y ,,S]VICES1 ,,& ,,NAC ,? >TICLE APPE>S 9 ! ,JANU>Y1 #AIHH1 ,NEWSLR (! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL ( ,VIRG9IA4 ,Z ,F$],NI/S "K1 ,*>LIE ,BR[N IS ,,NFBV ,PRESID5T4 ,! 9=M,N & /ATI/ICS REV1L$ 9 ! >TICLE %D 2 ! O3A.N = %OCK & SORR[4 ,! FACT T !Y >E N IS 9DICATIVE (! WIDESPR1D PRO#MS : EXI/ 9 ! %ELT]$ "W%OPS =! BL "?\T ! C.TRY4 ,MOREOV]1 X IS N AT ALL SURPRIS+ T ,VIRG9IA ,9DU/RIES =! ,BL IS A3R$IT$ 0,,NAC 7! ,N,NAL ,A3R$IT,N ,C\NCIL = ,AG5CIES ,S]V+ ! ,BL & ,VISU,Y ,H&ICAPP$74 ,9 VIEW ( ,,NAC'S HI/ORY =! PA/ TW5TY YE>S "O WD 2 SURPRIS$ IF X 7 O!RWISE4 ,H[ L;G M/ ! BL ( ? N,N 5DURE ! K9D ( 3DI;NS : >E ! "EY"D -MONPLACE 9 ! %OPS & : >E B.S$ 0,,NAC 9 ! "N ( PROFES.NALISM6 ,X IS NO EXA7],N 6SAY T ! T]M PROFES.NAL1 : %D 2 POSITIVE & -PLI;T>Y :5 APPLI$ 6EMPLOYEES ( PROGRAMS T >E DESIGN$ 6GIVE S]VICE 6P1 HAS 2COME 6! BL ( ? 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"W]S CALL$ ON ! ,F$],N1 &! BL TOOK 6! /REETS4 ,! NEWSPAP] /ORIES AB ! 9JU/ICE 9 ! "W%OP SPR1D OV] ! N,N1 & BO? TELEVI.N & RADIO C>RI$ ! NEWS (! EXPLOIT,N4 ,! ,LIS & ?IRTY-FIVE C5TS AN H\R4 ,MO/ %ELT]$ %OP "W]S 9 ,LU2OCK >E RCVG TWO DOLL>S & FIVE C5TS4 ,N"E!.S1 !Y >E EXPECT$ 6"W A L;G "D & PRODUCE RESULTS4 ,! WAGES >E >TIFICI,Y L[ & %AME;LLY M1G]4 ,S1 WE MADE PLANS 6BR+ PRESSURE 6*ANGE !M4 ,WE SUBMITT$ -PLA9TS 6! ,DE"P;T ( ,LABOR4 ,^! 7 ! F/ APP1LS "E FIL$ "U ! #AIHF AM5D;TS 6! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT1 & X W 2 REMEM-B]$ T !Y 7 FIL$ 0! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL4 ,2C ( \R EF=TS 6$UCATE MEMB]S ( ,3GRESS 9 #AIHE & #AIHF1 ALL BL P RCVG SUBM9IMUM WAGES H ! "R 6*ALL5GE ! FAIR;S ( _! PAY4 ,! LAWY] WE HIR$ ONCE S]V$ Z ! ,ASSI/ANT ,SECRET>Y ( ,LABOR4 ,9 T POSI;N HE LE>N$ AB ! "W%OPS & H[ !Y MANEUV] 6VIOLATE ! LAW4 ,9 ,OCTOB] ( LA/ YE> / ANO!R ELE;T 0 A4$ 6! BATTLE4 ,) \R HELP1 %OP EMPLOYEES ASK$ T !Y 2 P]MITT$ 6JO9 A LABOR UNION4 ,! ,LI+ =A FULL-BL[N HE>+ 2F AN (FIC] (! ,N,NAL ,LABOR ,REL,NS ,BO>D4 ,? HE>+ 0 ( MAJOR IMPORT.E 2C S"EAL MON?S E>LI]1 A JUDICIAL DECI.N _H BE5 ISSU$ 0! EIKANSAS ,LIKANSAS1 A HIE AL A# 6GET ?+S D"O4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #CJ1 #AIHH1 ! "W]S VOT$4 ,! "Q 6BE ANSW]$ WAS3 WD ! "W]S JO9 A UNIONOR N4 ,0! MO/ OV]:ELM+ M>G9 "E RECORD$ 9 ANY %ELT]$ "W%OP ELEC;N1 ! "W]S GAVE _! ANSW]4 ,WE WON T R.D1 TOO4 ,"! IS A UNION AT ! ,S\?WE/ ,LIILY1 )\T /RU7LE & RECRIM9,N4 ,! SU/A9$ 3FLICT (T5 SEEM$ L A NONLE?AL =M ( TR5* W>F>E1 )! BATTLE L9ES CLE>LY DRAWNON "O SIDE ! 9SURG5T TROOPS (! ORGANIZ$ BL1 ON ! O!R ! 5TR5*$ M]C5>IES (! "W%OP SY/EM4 ,NO IM"PIAL OBS]V] LOOK+ ON AT ! FRAY CD FAIL 6P]CV ! VALUES AT ISSUE3 ,!Y 7 ! VE/$ 9T]E/S (! OLD ORD]1 ! ANCI5 REGIME1 /RIV+ 6/AY ALIVE1 PITT$ AG/ ! DEMOCRATIC 9T]E/S (! ORGANIZ$ BL9D( A NEW _W /RU7L+ 6BE BORN4 ,N"E!.S1 Z ! F/ FIFTY YE>S ( ,F$],NISM CAME 6A CLOSE1 ! PORT5TS (A BETT] "D = %ELT]$ %OP "W]S 9CLUD$ GR[+ SIGNS ( IMPROV$ REL,NS 2T ! ORGANIZ$ BL & NUM]\S "W%OP MANAGE;T T1MS ACR ! L&4 ,"O ILLU/R,N ( S* A COOP]ATIVE REL,N%IP1 BAS$ ON ! RECOGNI;N ( MUTUAL ADVANTAGE1 0 3TA9$ 9 ! REM>KS (! PRESID5T ( ,BL ,9DU/RIES & ,S]VICES ( ,M>YL&1 ,RI*>D ,J4 ,BRUECKN]1 AT ! /ATE 3V5;N (! ,,NFB ( ,M>YL& 9 #AIHI4 ,Z ! ,$ITOR (! ,MONITOR PO9T$ \ 9 ! ,FEBRU>Y #AIIJ ISSUE1 ^! REM>KS GA9$ SIGNIFIC.E 9 LIYL& AG5CY3 ,Z ,MONITOR R1D]S "K1 ! ,$ITOR SD1 ,BL ,9DU/RIES & ,S]VICES ( ,M>YL& 7,,BISM7 HAS N 5JOY$ AN UNRU6L$ REL,N%IP )! ORGANIZ$ BL4 ,RI*>D ,BRUECKN] ASSUM$ ! PRESID5CY (! AG5CY AT ! 2G9N+ ( #AIHI1 & E>LY ON HE 2GAN S5D+ SIGNALS T HE WD L 6E/ABLI% 3/RUCTIVE REL,NS )! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL ( ,M>YL&4 ,9VIT$ 6A4RESS ! 3V5;N (! ,M>YL& A6ILIATE 9 ,NOVEMB] ( #AIHI1 ,BRUECKN] DELIV]$ A SPEE* M 5C\RAG+ ?AN ANY 9 REC5T YE>S F AN (FICIAL (! /ATE AG5CY4 ,HE SD 9 "P3 ,Z MO/ ( Y "K1 ,,BISM 7,BL ,9DU/RIES & ,S]VICES ( ,M>YL&7 HAS EXI/$ 9 "O =M OR ANO!R S9CE #AIJH4 ,I DID N -E "H TD 6DWELL ON ! PA/1 B R 6TALK AB ! PRES5T & FUTURE (! NEW ,,BISM1 : />T$ ON ,JANU>Y #A1 #AIHI4 ,! !ME ( MY SPEE* TD C 2 SUMM>IZ$ 9 TWO ^WS1 RESPONSIBIL;Y & A3.TABIL;Y4 ,Z ,PRESID5T ( ,,BISM1 ,I C SAY T WE EXPECT 6MEET ^! AWE"S RESPONSIBILITIES & >E P]FECTLY WILL+ 6BE HELD A3.TA# = \R AC;NS & RESULTS4 ,:O >E WE AT ,,BISM A3.TA# TO8 ,9 RESPONSE 6T "Q1 ,I LI/ ! FOLL[+3 #A7 ,! ,GOV]NOR (! ,/ATE ( ,M>YL&1 #B7,! ,LEGISLATURE (! ,/ATE ( ,M>YL&1 #C7 ,! ,,BISM ,BO>D ( ,TRU/EES1 :O >E APPO9T$ 0! ,GOV]NOR & RATIFI$ 0! ,LEGISLATURE1 #D7 ,ALL ! BL P 9 ! ,/ATE ( ,M>YL&1 #E7 ,! ,N,NAL ,F$],N (! ,BL 7,,NFB71 #F7 ,! EMPLOYEES ( ,,BISM1 #G7 ,! V5DORS 9 ! ,M>YL& ,V5D+ ,PROGRAM =! ,BL1 #H7 ,! ,DE"P;T ( ,VOC,NAL ,REHABILIT,N 7,,DVR71 & #I7 ,N,NAL ,9DU/RIES =! ,BL 7,,NIB74 ,-;T+ ON ,BRUECKN]'S SPEE*1 ! ,MONITOR SD3 ,8 MESSAGE 0 3/RUCTIVE & S5SI#4 ,X IS TOO SOON 6BE C]TA9 H[ ?+S W DEVELOP1 B ! E>LY SIGNS >E HOPE;L =A POSITIVE REL,N%IP ) AN 9DU/RIES PROGRAM T EMPLOYS A NUMB] ( BL P4 ,ACLY1 Z ! MOVE;T (! ORGANIZ$ BL PREP>$ 65T] XS SECOND HALF-C5TURY1 ACLY1 ! SAGA (! %ELT]$ "W%OPS REMA9$ Z UNC]TA9 Z X 0 UNF9I%$4 ,M* _H BE5 A3OMPLI%$ OV] ! DECADES2 M* 0 / 6BE D"O4 ,! "R 6ORGANIZE _H BE5 WON M ?AN A DECADE E>LI]4 ,M9IMUM WAGE PROTEC;N 0 / N AVAILA# 6BL "W]S 9 ALL /ATES1 B ! #AIHF AM5D;TS 6! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT (F]$ AN APP1L PROC$URE = P]SONS VICTIMIZ$ 0SUB/&>D WAGES4 ,UNION 3TRACTS 7 9 =CE AT %ELT]$ "W%OPS 9 ,H\/ON1 ,TEXAS1 & ,C9C9NATI1 ,OHIO2 & LABOR REPRES5T,N _H BE5 SELECT$ 0! "W]S AT ! ,LID ( PAY4 ,?US ! _M-SID$ /RU7LE (! BL T[>D RE=M (! "W%OPS= A LIV+ WAGE1 = DEC5T "W+ 3DI;NS1 = PROTEC;N F ABUSE1 =! "R 6ORGANIZE & 6B>GA9 COLLECTIVELYWAS F> F OV]4 ,B "! 7 HOPE;L SIGNS (A NEW _S : CD 2 ! H>B+] (A FUTURE AGE ( "PN]%IP & PROGRESS4 ,& "! 0 "S?+ ELSE 9 ! AIR Z WELL1 9 ! F9AL DECADE (! C5TURY1 ( / GRT] PORT5T & PROMISE4 ,"! 0 A *ANGE 9 ! CLIMATE ( OP9ION1 A SUBTLE B DEF9ITE W>M+ TR5D 9 ! G5]AL ATMOSPH]E1 : _H BE5 BR"\ AB 0! -B9$ EF=TS ( ALL ! ORGANIZ$ BL "? ! YE>S & DECADES S9CE #AIDJ4 ,X 0 ! _S ( ,F$],NISM ABROAD 9 ! L&! _S (A P'S MOVE;T ( IRRESI/I# =CE1 ( B.D.S 3FID;E1 &( G5U9E PRIDE4 ,X 0 N LIKELY T ! WALLS ( ANY %ELT]$ %OP1 OR EV5 (! 5TIRE "W%OP SY/EM1 CD L;G PREVAIL AG/ ? ELE;TAL =CE ( 3SCI\S;S & WILL:I* _H L;G S9CE F.D XS ELOQU5T EXPRES.N 9 A FEW SIMPLE L9ES F/ SPOK5 AT A 3V5;N (! E>LY SEV5TIES1 & "!AF RECIT$ YE> AF YE> 0,F$],NI/S 9 A K9D ( -MUNAL *ORUS3 ,WE >E SIMPLY NO L;G] WILL+ 6BE SECOND-CLASS CITIZ5S4 ,WE WANT NO /RIFE OR 3FRONT,N2 B WE W D :AT WE H 6D4 ,WE "K :O WE >E& WE W N"E G BACK4