,-MON ,EYE ,3DI;NS & ,CAUSES ( ,BL;S 9
! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES
  7,! MAT]IAL 9 ? >TICLE 0 PRODUC$ 9
COLLABOR,N ) ,DANIEL ,F9KEL/E91 ,M4,D41
,ASSOCIATE ,PROFESSOR ( ,OPH?ALMOLOGY1
,! ,WILM] ,EYE ,9/ITUTE1 ,JOHNS ,HOPK9S
,UNIV]S;Y1 ,BALTIMORE1 ,M>YL&47
  ,? >TICLE 9CLUDES 9=M,N ON ONLY ! MO/
-MONLY 5C.T]$ EYE 3DI;NS1 & X REDUCES A
GRT D1L ( M$ICAL & TE*NICAL DETAIL
6LANGUAGE "U/&A# 6! LAY 9QUIR]4 ,_M
M$ICAL FACTS H1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( CL>;Y &
BREV;Y1 BE5 SIMPLIFI$2 "!=E1 ? TEXT IS N
9 ANY WAY 9T5D$ Z A BASIS = SELF-
DIAGNOSIS OR LAY DIAGNOSIS ( ANY"O'S EYE
3DI;N1 A JOB : 2L;GS 6! EYE DOCTOR4 ,IF
Y >E WOND]+ :E!R ANY?+ IS WR;G ) YR
EYES1 WE URGE Y 6SEE AN EYE DOCTOR AT
ONCE4 ,IF Y _C AF=D 6PAY1 "! >E _M
AG5CIES & FUNDS : C HELP Y4
  ,"S (! 3DI;NS DESCRIB$ 2L >E H]$IT>Y
7PASS$ ON F "O G5],N 6ANO!R "? G5ES &
*ROMOSOMES71 B "! >E _M PATT]NS ( H]$;Y1
EV5 =A S+LE 4ORD]4 ,SPECIFIC "QS AB !
9H]IT.E (A "PICUL> "*I/IC 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL
OR FAMILY %D 2 DIRECT$ 6A G5ETIC
SPECIALI/4 ,A FAMILY PHYSICIAN C USU,Y
PROVIDE ! PROP] REF]RAL4
  ,FOLL[+ >E DESCRIP;NS (! SPECIFIC EYE
3DI;NS AB : WE RCV ! MO/ FREQU5T "QS4 ,A
L;G] LI/ IS TR1T$ 9 \R FREE PUBLIC,N
,BL;S & ,4ORD]S (! ,EYE4 ,G5],Y WE H N
ATTEMPT$ 6RANK CAUSES 0P]C5TAGES OR
NUMB]S ( CASES S9CE S* /ATI/ICS >E
3/ANTLY *ANG+1 &! ANALYSIS ( !M IS A
-PLEX MATT]4

,ALB9ISM

,ALB9ISM IS A H]$IT>Y 3DI;N 9 : "! IS A
    LACK (
NORMAL PIG;T 9 "P OR ALL (! BODY4 ,!
    HAIR IS :ITE1 ! SK9 V FAIR1 &! IRIS
    (! EYE :ITE OR P9KI%4 ,! P]SON )
    ALB9ISM USU,Y HAS POOR VI.N1 AN
    IMP]FECTLY DEVELOP$ RET9A1
    OV]S5SITIV;Y 6LI<T1 & NY/AGMUS
    7ABNORMAL MUSCLE MOVE;T CAUS+ 3/ANT
    TWIT*+ OR J]K+ (! EYES74 ,SPECI,Y
    TR1T$ L5SES C IMPROVE VI.N & C AL
LESS5 4COM=T 0REDUC+ ! AM.T ( LI<T 5T]+
    ! EYE4 ,"! IS NO CURE = ALB9ISM4

,AMBLYOPIA

  ,! G5]AL T]M AMBLYOPIA APPLIES 6POOR
VI.N : IS N DUE 6ANY OBS]VA# 41SE & : _C
2 CORRECT$ 0GLASSES4 ,X MAY 2 3G5ITAL
7PRES5T AT BIR?7 OR MAY DEVELOP LAT]4
  ,"S"TS ! CAUSE IS UN"KN2 H["E1 BL;S C
(T5 2 PREV5T$ IF PROP] /EPS >E TAK54 ,A
-MON EXAMPLE IS 8LAZY EYE8 OR AMBLYOPIA
EX ANOPSIA1 A6ECT+ P]H "O 6TWO P]C5T (
*N4 ,? 3DI;N O3URS 9 A "Y * IF "O EYE
2COMES S DOM9ANT T ! O!R IS SUPPRESS$ &
DET]IORATES "? LACK ( USE4 ,? IS LIKELY
6HAPP5 IF ! TWO EYES FOCUS DI6]5TLY 2C (
/RABISMUS 7SEE 2L7 OR 2C "O EYE IS M* M
NE>SI<T$ ?AN ! O!R4 ,"O EYE MAY FALL
964USE Z ! P]SON RELIES ON IMAGES F !
O!R4 ,H["E1 ! EYE MAY APPE> P]FECTLY
NORMAL 6O!RS4 ,IF ? PRO#M IS 4COV]$ &
TR1T$ E>LY 5 7G5],Y 2F ! AGE ( SIX OR
SEV571 (T5 ! UNUS$1 W1K EYE W REGA9 XS
/R5G?4 ,O!RWISE P]MAN5T LOSS ( VI.N MAY
RESULT4 ,_M S]VICE ORGANIZ,NS PROVIDE
FREE PRES*OOL SCRE5+ TE/S 9 AN EF=T 6F9D
& REF] ^! *N 2F ! VI.N ( "O EYE IS
-PLETELY LO/4 ,TR1T;T G5],Y 3SI/S (
CORRECT+ ! BASIC 9EQUAL;Y (! EYES "?
SURG]Y OR CORRECTIVE L5SES &/OR PUTT+ A
PAT* OV] ! /R;G EYE TEMPOR>ILY 6=CE !
W1K "O 6"W AG4 ,EYE EXAM9,NS AT BIR? &
AG 0?REE YE>S ( AGE >E RECOMM5D$ 69CR1SE
*.ES ( E>LY DETEC;N & E6ECTIVE TR1T;T4

,CAT>ACTS

  ,! L5S (! HUMAN EYE IS -P>A# 6! L5S (A
CAM]A OR MAGNIFY+ GLASS1 &= OBVI\S
R1SONS X NE$S 6BE TRANSP>5T & FREE (
FLAWS4 ,! DEVELOP;T ( :AT >E CALL$
CAT>ACTS1 OR OPACITIES & CL\D+ (! EYE'S
L5S1 BLOCKS ! PASSAGE ( LI<T "? ! EYE4
  ,V>I\S =MS ( CAT>ACT MAKE UP "O (!
L1D+ CAUSES ( BL;S 9 ? C.TRY TD4 ,AL? "S
CAT>ACTS >E 3G5ITAL 7PRES5T AT BIR?71
LIKELIHOOD ( DEVELOP+ !M 9CR1SES ) AGE4
,*EMICAL *ANGES 9 ! L5S & DIABETES H AL
BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) DEVELOP;T ( CAT>ACTS1 &
*EMICAL BURNS & H]$;Y MAY CAUSE !M4 ,ALL
(! CAUSES1 H["E1 >E N "KN4 ,L ! MAJOR;Y
( EYE 3DI;NS1 !Y >E N 3TAGI\S4
  ,CAT>ACTS >E N PA9;L4 ,9 FACT ! ONLY
SYMPTOM Z F> Z ! PATI5T IS 3C]N$ IS F V
SLI<T 6VIRTU,Y TOTAL 9T]F];E ) VI.N4
,CAT>ACTS MAY 2 MANIFE/$ 9 DIMM$1
BLURR$1 OR D\# VI.N OR A NE$ = FREQU5T
*ANGES ( GLASSES4 ,TYPIC,Y A P]SON )
CAT>ACTS EXP]I;ES DI6ICULTY 9
SATISFACTORILY ADJU/+ LI<T = ACTIVITIES
L R1D+ :ILE AT ! SAME "T HAV+ 6AVOID
GL>E4 ,DRIV+ AT NI<T MAY = ? R1SON 2COME
V DI6ICULT4 ,N ALL CAT>ACTS REQUIRE
SURG]Y1 "S 2+ SMALL 5 T !Y D N S]I\SLY
A6ECT VI.N4 ,= ^? L>GE 5 6CAUSE VISUAL
PRO#MS1 M$IC,N DOES N HELP2 &! ONLY
E6ECTIVE TR1T;T IS SURG]Y 6REMOVE !
A6ECT$ L5S1 IMPLANT,N ( AN 9TRAOCUL>
L5S1 &! SUBSEQU5T WE>+ ( 3V5;NAL
EYEGLASSES OR /R;G 3TACT L5SES4
  ,M* PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE REC5TLY 9 !
DEVELOP;T ( IMPROV$ =MS ( CAT>ACT
SURG]Y1 9CLUD+ USE ( FREEZ+ PROBES &
ULTRASONIC 7N 6BE 3FUS$ ) LAS]7 DEVICES
: MAKE POSSI# REMOVAL (! L5S "? A SMALL
OP5+ 9 A PROCESS CALL$ PHACOEMULSIFIC,N4
,! DECI.N AB :E!R & :5 6OP]ATE IS
DEP5D5T ON FACTORS S* Z ! PATI5T'S AGE &
O3UP,N4 ,! LIKELIHOOD ( REGA9+ USE;L
SI<T IS G5],Y GD1 ) "S E/IMATES PLAC+ X
Z HI< Z #IE@3P1 AL? -PLIC,NS MAY PREV5T
SU3ESS;L TR1T;T 9 "S CASES4 ,X IS NO
L;G] NEC 6WAIT = CAT>ACTS TO 8RIP58 2F
OP]AT+1 & 3VALESC;E F ! SURG]Y IS FA/] &
SAF] ?AN "E 2F4

,COLOR ,BL;S

  ,? FAMILI> 3DI;N IS PREDOM9ANT 9 MALES
7IN AB #H@3P Z OPPOS$ 6>.D #J.E@3P (
FEMALES7 & MO/ -MONLY IS A SEX-L9K$
9H]IT$ "*I/IC TRANSMITT$ "? ! MALE
*ROMOSOME1 AL? X MAY AL RESULT F POISON+
OR RET9AL 41SE4 ,G5],Y A6ECT+ BO? EYES1
X MO/ (T5 TAKES ! =M (A LOSS ( P]CEP;N (
"O OR TWO FUNDA;TAL COLORS 7R$-GRE5
COLOR BL;S IS ! MO/ -MON 3G5ITAL
V>IETY71 B O3A.N,Y X IS -PLETE1 S T !
9DIVIDUAL LIT],Y SEES ONLY 9 BLACK &
:ITE4
  ,! EXACT ME*ANISM ( COLOR BL;S HAS N
BE5 FULLY EXPLA9$1 B "S WRIT]S SIMPLY
ATTRIBUTE X 6AN ABS;E ( "O OR M (! C"O
PIG;TS OR AN ABNORMAL PRES;E (A MIXTURE
( TWO (! COLOR-S5SITIVE PIG;TS 9 "O C"O4
,9 ANY EV5T1 USE ( V>I\S *>TS 6TE/ =
COLOR BL;S IS -MONLY 9CLUD$ Z "P ( AN
EYE EXAM9,N1 ESPECI,Y = DRIV]S & "W]S 9
9DU/RY & TRANSPORT,N1 ": ! ABIL;Y
64T+UI% COLOR$ SIGNALS IS IMPORTANT4 ,"O
(! MO/ FAMILI> TE/S 3SI/S (A CIRCLE
3TA9+ DOTS ( DI6]5T COLORS1 9 : !
SUBJECT ) NORMAL COLOR VI.N IS SUPPOS$
64C]N "O NUMB]1 :ILE A P]SON ) DEFECTIVE
COLOR VI.N IS LIKELY 6SEE ANO!R4
  ,"S H F.D ! PATT]N ( 9H]IT.E = ?
RECESSIVE "*I/IC 3FUS+4 ,6PUT ! MATT]
SIMPLY1 A FEMALE W USU,Y N 2 COLOR-BL
H]F UN.S "! IS AN ABNORMAL G5E = COLOR
BL;S ON BO? (! ;,X *ROMOSOMES C>RI$ 0ALL
FEMALES4 ,ON ! O!R H& A MALE1 :O C>RIES
ONLY "O ;,X *ROMOSOME1 W 2 COLOR-BL IF X
3TA9S AN ABNORMAL G5E4 ,MOREOV]1 !
FEMALE ) ONLY "O ABNORMAL G5E 9H]IT$ F
H] "F C 2COME A 8C>RI]0 & PASS ! TRAIT
ON 6A MALE (FSPR+ )\T 2+ COLOR-BL H]F4
  ,"! IS NO TR1T;T = COLOR BL;S1 & X _C
2 OV]COME "? ANY TYPE ( EYE EX]CISES4

,3G5ITAL ,EYE ,DEFECTS

,! T]M 3G5ITAL M1NS 8PRES5T AT BIR?02
    H;E1 ? T]M
9CLUDES "S OR ALL CASES ( _M 3DI;NS LI/$
    "U O!R H1D+S 9 ? PUBLIC,N4 ,"S
    3G5ITAL EYE 3DI;NS L RET9OBLA/OMA >E
    TRULY H]$IT>Y 7PASS$ ON "? ! G5ES &
    *ROMOSOMES71 :ILE O!RS >E ! RESULT
    (A 41SE OR DEFICI5CY DUR+
    PREGNANCY8= 9/.E1 ,G]MAN M1SLES
    7RUBELLA74 ,(T5 ! EXACT CAUSE (A
    3G5ITAL DEFECT IS UN"KN4
,FOLL[+ >E EXAMPLES ( 3DI;NS : MAY 2 SE5
    AT BIR? Z
A DEVELOP;TAL DEFICI5CY ( UN"KN CAUSE3
ANIRIDIA8ABS;E OR NE> ABS;E (! IRIS
MICROPH?ALMOS8AN ABNORM,Y SMALL EYE1
    USU,Y ) POOR
VI.N
MEGALOPH?ALMOS8AN ABNORM,Y L>GE EYE
    PRES5T AT BIR? ANOPH?ALMOS8ABS;E (!
    EYEBALL 7AN >TIFICIAL EYE C
USU,Y 2 WORN1 &! EYELIDS >E USU,Y
    PRES5T47
COLOBOMA8A CLEFT OR SLOT 9 ! IRIS &/OR
    RET9A1 Z A
RESULT ( 9COMPLETE GR[?4

,CORN1L ,41SE & ,CORN1L ,TRANSPLANTS

  ,! CORNEA1 A TRANSP>5T LAY] OV] !
FRONT (! EYE1 FUNC;NS Z A REFRACT+ &
PROTECTIVE 8W9D[0 MEMBRANE "? : LI<T
RAYS PASS ON ! WAY 6! RET9A4 ,:ILE "! >E
NO BLOOD VESSELS 9 ! CORNEA1 "! >E _M
PA9 FIB]S1 S T MO/ 9JURIES D CAUSE SEV]E
PA94 ,9 A4I;N1 BLURR$ VI.N RESULTS F
9JURY 6OR 4ORD] )9 ! CORNEA4 ,PRO#MS 9 ?
>EA1 RESULT+ Z !Y C 9 P]MAN5TLY BLURR$
VI.N OR BL;S1 >E EXTREMELY S]I\S & %D
RCV IMM ATT5;N F AN EYE SPECIALI/4
  ,CORN1L ULC]S8,SC>R+ OR P]=,N DUE
6CORN1L ULC],N IS A MAJOR CAUSE ( BL;S
"?\T ! _W4 ,USU,Y S* ULC]S C 2 TR1T$ IF
ATT5D$ 6QKLY4 ,ULC],N MAY 2 CAUS$
0BACT]IA S* Z /REPTOCO3US1 VIRUSES
7H]PES SIMPLEX K]ATITIS 2+ "O (! MO/
-MON71 FUNGI1 VITAM9 ,A DEFICI5CY1 OR
O!R 4ORD]S4 ,NEW DRUGS H AID$ ! TR1T;T (
_M ( ^! 3DI;NS4
  ,DEG5]ATIVE CORN1L 3DI;NS8,K]ATOCONUS1
A R>E DEG5]ATIVE 3DI;N : IS 9H]IT$1
CAUSES A G5]AL ?9N+ & AN ABNORMAL
PROTRU.N (! C5TRAL CORNEA1 Z WELL Z "S
SC>R+4 ,BLURR$ VI.N RESULTS1 & 9 ADV.ED
CASES "! MAY EV5 2 P]=,N (! CORNEA4
,:ILE 3TACT L5SES 7ESPECI,Y ! NEW S(T
TYPES7 C AID VI.N 9 ! E>LY /AGES1 CORN1L
TRANSPLANTS >E "S"TS P]=M$ 2F EXTREME
?9N+ TAKES PLACE1 & 9 S* CASES R1D+ VI.N
C USU,Y 2 OBTA9$4
  ,O!R DEG5]ATIVE 3DI;NS 9CLUDE CORN1L
DY/ROPHY & >CUS S5ILIS1 AN EXTREMELY
-MON 3DI;N 9 ELD]LY P4
  ,O!R TYPES ( CORN1L 4ORD]S MAY 2
9DICAT$ 0PA91 IRRIT,N1 OR BLURR$ VI.N2
H["E1 "S CORN1L AIL;TS C 2 DETECT$ ONLY
0A TRA9$ EYE SPECIALI/4
  ,CORN1L ,TRANSPLANT 7,K]ATOPLA/Y78,:5
! CORNEA 2COMES SC>R$1 HAZY1 OR OPAQUE
OR :5 "! IS DANG] ( P]=,N (A CORN1L
ULC]1 AN OPH?ALMIC SURGEON MAY REMOVE !
A6ECT$ CORNEA & REPLACE X )A H1L?Y "O
TAK5 F A DONOR4 ,9 _M /ATES X IS EASY =
"O 6DONATE EYES = ? PURPOSE AT D1?4
,ONLY ! CORNEA IS US$ 9 S* CASES4 ,"! IS
NO IMM PROSPECT ( SU3ESS;L :OLE EYE
TRANSPLANTS4 ,SURGEONS WD PREF] 6USE !
DONAT$ CORNEA IMMLY1 B X MAY 2 US$ )9
SIXTY 6SEV5TY H\RS AF D1? IF H&L$
PROP]LY4 ,NEW TE*NIQUES = ? PROC$URE
9VOLV+ SURG]Y "U A MICROSCOPE & USE (
F9] SUTURE MAT]IAL H 3/ITUT$ A MAJOR
ADV.E 9 TR1T;T ( CORN1L 4ORD]S4
,ORD9>ILY US+ A KNIFE CALL$ ! TREPH9E1 :
FUNC;NS R L A COOKIE CUTT]1 ! SURGEON
P]=MS :AT IS CALL$ A 8P5ETRAT+
K]ATOPLA/Y40 ,! DEFECTIVE CORNEA IS CUT
)! KNIFE & LIFT$ \4 ,A MAT*+ PIECE (!
DONOR CORNEA IS CUT )! SAME KNIFE 1 US$
6REPLACE ! EXCIS$ PIECE (! DEFECTIVE
CORNEA 1 & HELD 9 PLACE 0V F9E SUTURES4
,! 3VALESC;E F ? SURG]Y IS RELATIVELY
BRIEF & UNCOMPLICAT$ ^! "DS4 ,BE/ VI.N
RETURNS :5 ! SUTURES >E REMOV$ AB "O YE>
AF SURG]Y4 ,*.ES ( REJEC;N (! NEW CORNEA
>E RAT$ 0MO/ AU?ORITIES AT F "O 6FIVE
P]C5T4

,DIABETIC ,RET9OPA?Y

  ,? EYE 3DI;N1 A V -MON -PLIC,N (
DIABETES1 RIVALS GLAUCOMA & CAT>ACTS Z A
L1D+ CAUSE ( BL;S 9 ? C.TRY4 ,XS 9CID;E
IS RIS+ Z A RESULT (! 9CR1S$ LIFESPAN (
DIABETICS1 : HAS BE5 MADE POSSI#
0IMPROV$ M$ICAL TE*NOLOGY & "PICUL>LY 0!
SYN!SIS ( 9SUL9 9 ! E>LY YE>S (! TW5TIE?
C5TURY4 ,! LIKELIHOOD ( RET9OPA?Y
9CR1SES )! L5G? ( "T A GIV5 P]SON HAS _H
DIABETES1 S T _M :O H BE5 DIABETICS =
TW5TY OR M YE>S D 2COME BL4
  ,L;G-T]M DIABETES (T5 BR+S AB *ANGES 9
! T9Y BLOOD VESSELS 9 ! RET9A 7! L9+ (!
BACK (! EYE74 ,"! >E TWO =MS ( DIABETIC
RET9OPA?Y4 ,! MILD] =M1 BACKGR.D OR
NONPROLIF]ATIVE1 IS ! M -MON4 ,X 9VOLVES
DEVELOP;T ( MICROANEURISMS 9 RET9AL
CAPILL>Y BLOOD VESSELS1 : USU,Y D N
CAUSE S]I\S VI.N LOSS4
  ,A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( DIABETICS
DEVELOP ! M SEV]E1 OR PROLIF]ATIVE1 =M (
RET9OPA?Y1 : C CAUSE BL;S4 ,) XS ONSET
NEW1 ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSELS MAY 2 =M$2
BLOOD VESSELS MAY 2COME 5GORG$ ) TOO M*
BLOOD & BUR/1 OR ! RET9A MAY BR1K LOOSE
F ! BACK (! EYE4 ,9 A4I;N 6! DIRECT
9T]F];E ) VI.N CAUS$ 0^! EV5TS1 BLOOD F
! BUR/ VESSELS 5T]S ! VITRE\S 7JELLY-L7
"P (! EYE & MAKES X CL\DY 9/1D (
TRANSP>5T4
  ,MOD]N M$ICAL TR1T;T ADM9I/]$ Z E>LY Z
POSSI# 9 ! C\RSE (! 4ORD] C (T5 SL[ !
C\RSE ( DIABETIC RET9OPA?Y4 ,LAS]
TR1T;TS "S"TS C S1L OR 8WELD8 BROK5
BLOOD VESSELS OR S1L A DETA*$ POR;N (!
RET9A BACK 96PLACE4 ,PHOTOCOAGUL,N
TR1T;T 3SI/S ( SCATT]+ HUNDR$S ( SMALL1
QK FLA%ES ( 9T5SE LAS] LI<T ACR ! RET9A
9 ORD] 6S1L OR DRY UP NEW BLOOD VESSELS4
,X M/1 H["E1 2 "UTAK5 2F "! IS BLE$+ 96!
VITRE\S OR DETA*;T (! RET9A4 ,AL? 9 _M
CASES ^! K9DS ( TR1T;T >E :OLLY OR "PI,Y
UNSU3ESS;L1 ! TE*NIQUES >E 3T9U,Y 2+
REF9$4
  ,M$ICAL SCI;E DOES N YET FULLY "U/& J
:AT "*I/ICS ( DIABETES BR+ AB RET9OPA?Y4
,AL? GD ADH];E 6A DIET1 REGUL> ADM9I/R,N
( 9SUL91 & O!R PRESCRIB$ REGIM5S W
IMPROVE ! PATI5T'S G5]AL H1L? & HELP
6L[] ! LIKELIHOOD ( -PLIC,NS 9 G5]AL1 !
MO/ C>E;L & 3SCI5TI\S PATI5T MAY / 2COME
BL4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 "S P H SEV]E DIABETES
= _M YE>S & N"E DEVELOP EYE PRO#MS4
  ,G]MAN ,M1SLES 7,RUBELLA7
  ,_M R1D]S MAY 2 SURPRIS$ 6F9D T ,G]MAN
M1SLES IS ASSOCIAT$ ) BL;S S9CE X IS
-MONLY ?"\ ( Z A V M9OR 41SE4 ,NEI * NOR
ADULT IS LIKELY 6BE H>M$ P]MAN5TLY 0A
CASE ( ,G]MAN M1SLES1 B AN UNBORN BABY
MAY 2 V M* A6ECT$4 ,IF AN EXPECTANT "M
HAS ! 41SE DUR+ ! F/ ?REE MON?S (
PREGNANCY1 %E H]F W PROBABLY H>DLY FEEL
SICK AT ALL1 B ! 41SE IS LIKELY 69FECT
H] UNBORN * "? ! PLAC5TA1 ) S]I\S
RESULTS4
  ,_M ( ^! BABIES >E BORN M5T,Y RET>D$1
& !Y AL >E LIKELY 6H PHYSICAL PRO#MS4
,HE>T 41SE1 HE>+ 4ORD]S1 & RESPIRATORY
DI6ICULTIES >E "PICUL>LY -MON4 ,_M
RUBELLA *N H CAT>ACTS OR O!R EYE PRO#MS
L GLAUCOMA1 ABNORM,Y SMALL EYES1 OR
DEFECTS 9 ! IRIS OR RET9A4
  ,A NUMB] ( PREV5TIVE EF=TS H BE5 MADE
6M9IMIZE ? ?R1T 6! UNBORN4 ,*N8ESPECI,Y
GIRLS8%D 2 EXPOS$ 6! 41SE OR VA39AT$ IF
POSSI# S T !Y MAY H MILD SYMPTOMS &
DEVELOP RESI/.E 6,G]MAN M1SLES =!
FUTURE4 ,WOM5 :O MI<T 2 9 ! E>LY /AGES (
PREGNANCY %D AVOID 3TACT ) CASES (
,G]MAN M1SLES4

,GLAUCOMA

  ,GLAUCOMA IS ANO!R (! L1D+ CAUSES (
BL;S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 P]H A3.T+ = "O 9
E SEV5 OR EI<T CASES4 ,9 ? 3DI;N1 !
TRANSP>5T FLUID 9SIDE ! =W>D "P (! EYE
DOES N DRA9 NORM,Y1 & EXCESS PRESSURE IS
BUILT UP )9 ! EYE4 ,IF ! PRESSURE IS N
3TROLL$1 ! DELICATE /RUCTURE (! EYE IS
9CR1S+LY DAMAG$1 RESULT+ 9 BLURR$ VI.N1
A N>R[$ FIELD ( SI<T1 & EV5TU,Y TOTAL
BL;S4 ,SYMPTOMS MAY 9CLUDE 9T]MITT5T
BLURR$ VI.N1 NAUSEA1 9ABIL;Y 6ADJU/ EYES
6D>K5$ ROOMS1 SEE+ COLOR$ HALOS >.D
LI<TS1 & REDUC$ SIDE VI.N4
  ,! CAUSES ( GLAUCOMA >E N FULLY
"U/OOD4 ,"S CASES >E H]$IT>Y1 :ILE O!RS
>ISE Z -PLIC,NS ( O!R EYE 4ORD]S4
,GLAUCOMA1 N A 3TAGI\S 3DI;N1 IS MO/
-MON AF ! AGE ( ?IRTY-FIVE4
  ,! ACUTE TYPE ( GLAUCOMA APPE>S Z A
SU45 ATTACK1 "*IZ$ 0GRT PA9 & 4COM=T Z !
EYE PRESSURE RISES QKLY F BLOCKAGE (
DRA9AGE CANALS4 ,S* AN EPISODE C DAMAGE
! EYES SEV]ELY 9 A %ORT "T4 ,M -MON1
H["E1 IS ! *RONIC TYPE 7A6ECT+ P]H #B.E
MILLION ,AM]ICANS71 9 : "! IS NO PA9 & 9
: ! DAMAGE 6VI.N IS S SL[ T X MAY N 2
NOTIC$ 0! PATI5T =A L;G "T4 ,! 9TRAOCUL>
PRESSURE RISES 2C ! DRA9AGE CANALS >E
BLOCK$ &! FLUID _C DRA9 PROP]LY4
  ,_M CASES >E 3TROLL$ 0M$IC,N : RELAXES
& UNBLOCKS ! DRA9AGE *ANNELS =! EYE
FLUID4 ,"S"TS SURG]Y IS NEC4 ,9 _M
CASES1 AL? N ALL1 MOD]N M$ICAL TR1T;T C
3TROL ! 41SE -PLETELY4 ,Z ) O!R EYE
3DI;NS1 E>LY DETEC;N & TR1T;T 6/OP !
PROGRESS (! 4ORD] >E IMPORTANT4 ,_M
S\RCES RECOMM5D AN EYE EXAM9,N E TWO OR
?REE YE>S1 ESPECI,Y = ^? OV] ?IRTY-FIVE4
,DEVELOP;TS S* Z OPTIC DISK TOPOGRAPHY
MAPP+1 ! LAS] SCANN+ OPH?ALMOSCOPE1 &
COLOR P]IMETRY MAY ASSI/ 9 E>LY DETEC;N
& TR1T;T ( ? 4ORD]4

,9JURY 7,TRAUMA7 & ,BURNS

  ,9 AN ]A :5 CURES = 41SE >E 3/ANTLY 2+
DEVELOP$1 9JURY REMA9S A PROM95T CAUSE (
4ABIL;Y1 & EYE 9JURIES >E NO EXCEP;N4
,PREV5TA# A3ID5TS 9JURE ! EYES (
APPROXIMATELY #EJJ1JJJ ,AM]ICANS EA*
YE>4
  ,ADEQUATE PROTECTIVE EYE GU>DS 7N J
ANY GO7LES OR EYEGLASSES7 %D ALW 2 WORN
DUR+ WELD+1 9 FACTORIES & LABORATORIES1
& 9 ANY O!R SITU,N ": ! DANG] ( BURNS OR
O!R 9JURY EXI/S4 ,*N M/ 2 E6ECTIVELY
TAU<T N 6PO9T >R[S1 ,,BB GUNS1 OR O!R
%>P OR DANG]\S OBJECTS T[>D ! FACE4
,F>M]S US+ ANHYDR\S AMMONIA OR O!R
*EMICALS M/ OBS]VE SUITA# SAFETY
PRECAU;NS S9CE *EMICAL BURNS >E AN
IMPORTANT CAUSE ( 9JURY ON F>MS4
  ,"EY"O %D "K ! BASIC PR9CIPLES (
EM]G5CY F/ AID 9 CASE AN 9JURY DOES
O3UR4 ,9 CASE (A *EMICAL BURN1 ! EYES %D
IMMLY 2 R9S$ ?OR\<LY ) WAT] = AT L1/
FIFTE5 M9UTES1 & EM]G5CY M$ICAL C>E %D 2
SECUR$ AT ONCE4 ,= O!R 9JURIES1 X IS
G5],Y BE/ 6L1VE ! EYE AL"O OR IF NEC
6COV] X )A LOOSE B&AGE :ILE SECUR+
EM]G5CY M$ICAL C>E4 ,HYPHEMA1 A
HEMORRHAG+ 96! ANT]IOR *AMB]1 IS A SIGN
( S]I\S 9JURY4 ,9 S* A CASE BLOOD W 2
VISI# "? ! CORNEA1 &A DOCTOR'S HELP %D 2
S"\ AT ONCE4
  ,9 A4I;N 6DIRECT DAMAGE DUE 6! 9JURY
XF1 ! DANG] ( 9FEC;N IS ALW PRES5T & MAY
2 EV5 M S]I\S4 ,MOREOV]1 9JURY 6A S+LE
EYE MAY RESULT 9 PA?OLOGIC SYMPTOMS 9 !
O!R1 A 3DI;N CALL$ SYMPA!TIC OPH?ALMIA1
: 9 ! PA/ (T5 M1NT T TOTAL BL;S
ULTIMATELY RESULT$ F 9JURY 6A S+LE EYE4
,AL? ! EXACT CAUSE ( SYMPA!TIC OPH?ALMIA
IS N FULLY "U/OOD1 X C USU,Y 2 PREV5T$
TD 0PROMPT M$ICAL C>E4
  ,WE D N H ! P[] 6=ESEE & PREV5T ALL
9JURIES4 ,) PROP] PRECAU;NS1 H["E1 A GRT
_M A3ID5TS C 2 PREV5T$1 &! E6ECTS ( ^? :
D O3UR C 2 M9IMIZ$4

,MACUL> ,DEG5],N

  ,Z ! 9N] SURFACE OR L9+ AT ! BACK (!
EYE1 ! RET9A S]VES A FUNC;N SIMIL> 6T (!
FILM 9 A CAM]A4 ,! MACULA 7! PROV]BIAL
8APPLE0 (! EYE7 IS ! "P (! RET9A : =MS !
C5T] (! 8PICTURE0 &! %>PE/ IMAGE4
  ,DEG5],N OR BR1KD[N (! MACULA MAY -E F
_M CAUSES4 ,"S CASES >E H]$IT>Y1 & O!RS
>E CAUS$ 041SES S* Z >T]IOSCL]OSIS4 ,!
C\RSE (! DET]IOR,N MAY 2 SL[ OR RAPID2
H["E1 ! PATI5T G5],Y KEEPS GD P]IPH]AL
VI.N8T IS1 HE C / SEE WELL >.D ! $GES (
8 VISUAL FIELD1 AL? 8 C5TRAL VI.N IS
BLURR$4
  ,! MO/ -MON =M ( ? 3DI;N O3URS 9 !
ELD]LY4 ,9 SEV]E =M ? IS CALL$ 8AGE-
RELAT$ MACUL> DEG5],N0 7,,AMD71 : O3URS
MO/LY 9 P OV] FIFTY YE>S OLD4 ,:ILE A
P]SON ) MACUL> DEG5],N MAY RETA9
SUB/ANTIAL P]IPH]AL VI.N1 ! ABIL;Y 6R1D1
SEW1 OR DRIVE MAY 2 S]I\SLY IMPAIR$4
,MAGNIFI]S MAY HELP1 &A SMALL P]C5TAGE (
CASES (A R>E =M ( ,,AMD MAY 2 C&IDATES =
LAS] TR1T;T 6S1L (F BLOOD VESSELS : H
GR[N 2N ! RET9A OR 6REPAIR ! MACULA'S
W1K SPOTS 0REMOV+ WORN-\ TISSUE & ALL[+
NEW TISSUE GR[?4
  ,MYOPIA 7,NE>SI<T$;S7
  ,MYOPIA RESULTS :5 ! EYEBALL IS L;G]
?AN NORMAL OR :5 "! IS "S *ANGE 9 !
EYEBALL : CAUSES ! LI<T RAYS 6BE B5T
ABNORM,Y4 ,9 EI CASE :5 A 4TANT OBJECT
IS OBS]V$1 ! P>ALLEL LI<T RAYS PASS+ "?
! L5S 96! EYE T5D 6BE FOCUS$ 9 FRONT (!
RET9A R ?AN ON X1 &! RESULT IS A FUZZY
IMAGE4 ,RAYS -+ F NE>BY OBJECTS >E M
EASILY BR"\ 96FOCUS1 & ?US ! P]SON IS
DESCRIB$ Z 8NE>SI<T$40
  ,MO/ NE>SI<T$ P NE$ ONLY WE> PROP]LY
PRESCRIB$ CORRECTIVE L5SES 9 ORD] 6SEE
NORM,Y4 ,^! P >E SD
6H SIMPLE MYOPIA1 : H>DLY "E CAUSES
BL;S4 ,A M* LESS -MON 3DI;N1 G5],Y
H]$IT>Y1 IS DEG5]ATIVE 7OR PROGRESSIVE7
MYOPIA4 ,P]SONS ) ? 3DI;N MAY N SEE WELL
EV5 ) GLASSES4 ,-PLIC,NS S* Z RET9AL
DETA*;T1 CAT>ACTS1 OR SECOND>Y GLAUCOMA
MAY APPE> ) DEG5]ATIVE MYOPIA4

,NY/AGMUS

  ,3T9U\S J]KY1 9VOLUNT>Y MOVE;TS (! EYE
MUSCLES >E CALL$ NY/AGMUS4 ,^! OSCILL,NS
MAY 2 9 ANY OR ALL DIREC;NS1 B >E USU,Y
M PRON\NC$ 9 "S DIREC;NS ?AN O!RS & >E
USU,Y FAIRLY 3SI/5T 9 A "PICUL>
9DIVIDUAL4 ,"S"TS DIZZI;S IS ASSOCIAT$ )
NY/AGMUS4 ,! P]SON ) NY/AGMUS HAS REDUC$
VISUAL ACU;Y F 2+ UNA# 6MA9TA9 /1DY
FIX,N ON OBJECTS4
  ,! EXACT CAUSE ( NY/AGMUS IS N FULLY
"U/OOD1 B X SEEMS 6BE ASSOCIAT$ ) POOR
VI.N 9 A K9D ( 8VICI\S CYCLE08T IS1
NY/AGMUS MAKES X M DI6ICULT 6SEE1 :ILE
AT ! SAME "T POOR VI.N 9CR1SES !
LIKELIHOOD ( NY/AGMUS4 ,USU,Y ? 4ORD] _C
2 CUR$4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL MAY F9D HE OR %E IS
M -=TA# & SEES BETT] IF ! H1D IS TILT$
OR MOV$ SLI<TLY 6-P5SATE =! 9VOLUNT>Y
MOVE;TS1 & (T5 ? W 2 D"O UNCONSCI\SLY4

,OPH?ALMIA ,NEONATORUM

  ,! WELL-*OS5 "N ( ? 41SE M1NS
89FLAMM,N 9 ! EYES (! NEWBORN40 ,ONCE A
DR1D$ & V -MON CAUSE ( BL;S1 X IS N[
PREV5TA# 0M1NS ( MOD]N HYGI5E & M$ICAL
C>E4
  ,OPH?ALMIA NEONATORUM APPE>S SOON AF
BIR?1 B X IS N H]$IT>Y4 ,X IS CAUS$ 0!
5TR.E ( BACT]IA F ! "M'S BIR? CANAL 96!
BABY'S EYES4 ,9FLAMM,N APPE>S 9 !
EYELIDS & CORNEA & MAY SPR1D FUR!R IF N
TR1T$4 ,(T5 ! BACT]IA >E ^? ( GONORRHEA1
B O!R BACT]IA 7S* Z /APHYLOCO3US7 MAY 2
! CAUSE Z WELL4
  ,A SU3ESS;L TR1T;T 6PREV5T ! DEVELOP;T
( ? 41SE 0 4COV]$ 9 #AHHJ1 & ? TR1T;T OR
XS EQUIVAL5T IS N[ REQUIR$ 0LAW4 ,!
EYELIDS ( E NEWBORN BABY >E CL1NS$1 &
DROPS (A SILV] NITRATE SOLU;N 7"S"TS
P5ICILL9 & O!R ANTIBIOTICS7 >E PUT 96!
EYES4 ,EF=T IS AL DIRECT$1 ( C\RSE1
6PROMOT+ GD H1L? ON ! "P (! EXPECTANT "M
S T %E W N TRANSMIT H>M;L G]MS 6H] BABY4

,OPTIC ,N]VE ,ATROPHY & ,OPTIC ,N]VE
  ,HYPOPLASIA

  ,^! TWO 3DI;NS (! OPTIC N]VE H 2COME A
SPECIAL 3C]N ( ^? :O "W ) "Y *N4 ,9
OPTIC N]VE ATROPHY ! PRO#M IS DAMAGE 6OR
DEG5],N (! OPTIC N]VE4 ,G5],Y X RESULTS
F A 3DI;N O3URR+ AF BIR?1 B X C AL 2
H]$IT>Y4 ,FREQU5TLY1 X RESULTS F
PRESSURE AG/ ! OPTIC N]VE & RESULTANT
LOSS ( BLOOD SUPPLY 6X1 = EXAMPLE F
HYDROCEPHALY OR TUMORS4 ,)\T BLOOD !
N]VE CELLS DIE F LACK ( N\RI%;T4
  ,9 OPTIC N]VE HYDROPLASIA "! IS A
3G5ITAL DEFICI5CY ( OPTIC N]VE FIB]S1 :
MAY EXI/ 9DEP5D5TLY OR 9 ASSOCI,N ) O!R
4ABILITIES OR DEFECTS4 ,"! IS "S EVID;E
6SU7E/ T ? 4ORD] IS RELAT$ 6ALCOHOL OR
DRUG USE 0"MS DUR+ _! PREGNANCIES1 B 9
_M CASES ! CAUSE IS UN"KN4

,RET9AL ,BR1KS & ,DETA*;T

  ,"S"TS Z "P (! AG+ PROCESS1 "S"TS "?
9H]IT.E (A PREDISPOSI;N T[>D !M1 & "S"TS
F O!R CAUSES1 P MAY DEVELOP BR1KS 9 !
RET9A : (T5 L1D ULTIMATELY 6DETA*;T (!
V>I\S LAY]S (! RET9A F EA* O!R4 ,Z ) O!R
EYE 3DI;NS1 E>LY DETEC;N & TR1T;T ( ^!
PRO#MS C HELP PREV5T BL;S4
  ,"S"TS "! >E N DRAMATIC SYMPTOMS
ASSOCIAT$ ) BR1KS 9 ! RET9A2 H["E1 S*
SYMPTOMS Z 8FLOAT]S10 HAZI;S OR SMOKI;S1
OR LI<T FLA%ES 9 ! EYE MAY 9DICATE
RET9AL PRO#MS4 ,AN IMM EXAM9,N 0AN EYE
DOCTOR IS RECOMM5D$4
  ,TR1T;T = RET9AL BR1KS 9VOLVES USE (
CRYO!RAPY OR LAS]S4 ,9 ! =M]1 A FREEZ+
PROBE IS APPLI$ 6! SURFACE (! EYE OV] !
PO9T (! RET9AL BR1K4 ,ONLY ! >EA >.D !
BR1K IS FROZ51 PROMPT+ ! GR[? ( SC>
TISSUE & REATTA*;T (! SEP>AT$ RET9AL
LAY]S AT ! $GES (! BR1K4 ,LAS]S >E US$
6BURN TISSUE SELECTIVELY S Z 6REATTA* !
SEP>AT$ RET9AL LAY]S 9 A PROCESS SIMIL>
6WELD+4

,RET9ITIS ,PIG;TOSA
  ,? 3DI;N IS "*IZ$ 0DEG5],N (! RET9A &!
*OROID1 USU,Y 9VOLV+ AN ABNORMAL
DEVELOP;T ( EXCESS PIG;T4 ,X IS H]$IT>Y1
)A V>IETY ( PATT]NS ( 9H]IT.E &
DEVELOP;T4
  ,! MO/ -MON PATT]N ( DEVELOP;T IS Z
FOLL[S3 ,AT APPROXIMATELY AGE T5 OR
TWELVE1 ! "Y/] 2G9S 6EXP]I;E "S
DI6ICULTY 9 SEE+ AT NI<T & 9 POORLY
LI<T$ >1S4 ,8 VISUAL FIELD AL 2G9S
6N>R[1 AL? HE MAY N R1LIZE ? AT F/4 ,!
VISUAL LOSS IS PROGRESSIVE1 S T !
9DIVIDUAL USU,Y 2COMES LEG,Y BL 0"Y
ADULTHOOD & SL[LY LOSES M & M VI.N "!AF4
,_M ADULTS ) RET9ITIS PIG;TOSA H A V T9Y
FIELD ( VI.N 9 : !Y SEE WELL "U A GD
LI<T B : IS S SMALL Z 6BE ( LL USE4
,TOTAL BL;S (T5 RESULTS4 ,"! MAY OR MAY
N 2

A4I;NAL PRO#MS1 S* Z CAT>ACTS4 ,"! IS NO
  "KN
TR1T;T4

,RET9OPA?Y ( ,PREMATUR;Y
  ,RET9OPA?Y ( PREMATUR;Y 7,,ROP71 :
"S"TS ADV.ES 6A 3DI;N "KN Z RETROL5TAL
FIBROPLASIA 7,,RLF71 0 ?"\ =A L;G "T 6BE
CAUS$ 0EXPOS+ A NEWBORN 7FREQU5TLY
PREMATURE7 BABY 6A HI< 3C5TR,N ( OXYG5 9
AN 9CUBATOR1 B "! IS N[ LESS AGREE;T &
C]TA9TY AB ! CAUSE4 ,9 ANY CASE1 AN
ABNORMAL PROLIF],N ( BLOOD VESSELS 9 !
EYE O3URS1 & "! MAY 2 SUBSEQU5T
DEVELOP;T ( SC> TISSUE 1 ) BLE$+ &
DETA*;T (! RET9A4 ,TOTAL BL;S MAY
RESULT4 ,GLAUCOMA1 UVEITIS1 CAT>ACT1 &
DEG5]ATIVE LE.NS (! EYE MAY O3UR MON?S
6YE>S AF ONSET (! ,,RLF /AGE4 ,/RABISMUS
& MYOPIA >E -MONLY ASSOCIAT$ ) CASES 9 :
! BLOOD VESSELS "PI,Y H1L4 ,9 ! L>GE
MAJOR;Y ( ,,ROP CASES 7AB #HJ@3P7
ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSELS H1L -PLETELY 9 !
F/ YE> ( LIFE4 ,9 O!R CASES SC>S F
9COMPLETELY H1L$ ,,ROP RESULT 9 EI MILD
OR SEV]E ,,RLF4 ,9 ! MO/ SEV]E CASES 7AB
#E@3P7 RET9AL DETA*;T RESULTS F =M,N (
SC> TISSUE &! RESULTANT PULL+ LOOSE (!
RET9A F ! NORMAL POSI;N 9 ! BACK (! EYE4
,REC5TLY CRYO!RAPY 7FREEZ+ "P (! RET9A
:ILE X IS IMMATURE7 HAS DRAWN "S 9T]E/ Z
A POSSI# TR1T;T = ,,ROP & IS CURR5TLY "U
/UDY4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,,ROP/,,RLF HAS A6ECT$
! $UC,N ( BL *N 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,2C
(! SURGE ( ,,RLF CASES 9 ! #AIEJ'S1 L>GE
NUMB]S ( BL *N R1*$ S*OOL AGE AT A "T :5
SOCIAL S5TI;T 2GAN 9CR1S+LY 6FAVOR !
8MA9/R1M8 PLACE;T ( *N ) 4ABILITIES 9 !
REGUL> CLASSROOM4 ,! P>5TS ( _M ,,RLF *N
"W$ SU3ESS;LLY 6>RANGE = $UC,N 9 !
REGUL> PUBLIC S*OOLS1 A TR5D : 3T9UES
TD4

,/RABISMUS

  ,-MONLY CALL$ 8CROSS$ EYES0 :5 ! EYES
TURN 9 & 8WALL EYES0 :5 !Y TURN \1 ?
3DI;N IS FREQU5TLY DUE 6MUSCLE 9EQUAL;Y4
,X C AL RESULT F TRAUMA AT BIR?1 H]$IT>Y
FACTORS1 OR O!R 4ORD]S4 ,X M/ 2 TR1T$8
USU,Y ) CORRECTIVE GLASSES1 M$IC,N1
SURG]Y1 PAT*+ ( "O EYE1 OR?OPTIC
EX]CISES1 OR "S -B9,N ( ^!4

,TRA*OMA
  ,TRA*OMA IS A 3TAGI\S 41SE1 CAUS$ 0A
VIRUS1 : A6ECTS ! EYELIDS &! CORNEA4
,?\< / -MON 9 _M LESS DEVELOP$ C.TRIES1
X HAS 2COME R>E 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,X C
2 PREV5T$ "? MOD]N SANIT,N & M$ICAL C>E4
,! EXACT PATT]N ( DEVELOP;T V>IES )!
9DIVIDUAL1 B ! FOLL[+ SYMPTOMS >E
TYPICAL3 ,! EYE 2COMES PA9;L1 ) BURN+
S5S,NS & OV]S5SITIV;Y 6LI<T4 ,VI.N IS
4TURB$ 7OR 9 "S ADV.ED CASES DE/ROY$7 Z
! CORNEA 2COMES M & M OPAQUE4 ,AN EXCESS
( TE>S IS PRODUC$1 & (T5 AN A4I;NAL
4*>GE4 ,! EYELIDS DEVELOP MUSCLE SPASMS2
&! EYELA%ES MAY 2 TURN$ 9W>D1 FUR!R
IRRITAT+ ! CORNEA4 ,9 XS E>LY /AGES A
CASE ( TRA*OMA C USU,Y 2 CUR$ 0ADM9I/R,N
( SUITA# DRUGS & IMPROV$ CL1NLI;S &
G5]AL H1L?4 ,SURG]Y IS HELP;L 9 "S
CASES4 ,H["E1 IF ! CASE IS F> ADV.ED OR
IF -PLIC,NS H SET IN1 SU3ESS;L TR1T;T
MAY 2 IMPOSSI#4 ,! BE/ WAY 63TROL ?
4ORD] IS ( C\RSE "? PREV5;N4

,TUMORS

  ,N ALL TUMORS & GR[?S >E C.ER4 ,A
82NIGN0 OR 8NONMALIGNANT0 TUMOR IS N M*
DI6]5T F ! SURR.D+ TISSUE4 ,X /OPS GR[+
AF X R1*ES A C]TA9 SIZE & DOES N SPR1D
6O!R >1S (! BODY4 ,"S 2NIGN TUMORS 9 OR
NE> ! EYE CAUSE NO TR\# AT ALL4 ,O!RS1
H["E1 D 9T]F]E ) SI<T OR CAUSE PA94 ,S*
A TUMOR MAY 2 REMOV$ SURGIC,Y1 & 9 _M
CASES ! EYE RECOV]S 62COME -PLETELY
NORMAL4 ,A C.ER\S TUMOR IS M* M ?R1T5+
?AN A 2NIGN TUMOR4 ,X IS GRTLY DI6]5T F
SURR.D+ TISSUE1 GR[S RAPIDLY )\T /OPP+1
& (T5 SPR1DS "? ! LYMPH SY/EM 6SPR\T
GR[?S 9 O!R "PS (! BODY4 ,"! >E _M
DI6]5T K9DS ( C.ERS : MAY APPE> 9 OR >.D
! EYE4 ,! MO/ -MON IS MELANOMA1 A
MALIGNANT SPOT ( COLOR4 7,NOTE3 ,"S
2NIGN TUMORS >E AL CALL$ 8MELANOMAS407
,RET9OBLA/OMA IS A C.ER (! RET9A4 ,USU,Y
H]$IT>Y1 X APPE>S 9 V "Y *N & IS 2LIEV$
6BE PRES5T AT BIR? 9 AN 9CIPI5T /AGE4
,IF ANY HI/ORY ( ? 41SE IS "KN 9 A
FAMILY1 X IS VITAL T EA* BABY 2 EXAM9$
FREQU5TLY 0AN OPH?ALMOLOGI/4 ,! EYE
SPECIALI/ C DETECT ! C.ER 2F X IS VISI#
6! LAYMAN & 2F X CAUSES ANY 4COM=T 6! *4
,IF ! 3DI;N IS UNTR1T$1 ! C.ER W SPR1D
6! BRA9 & ELSE":1 CAUS+ D1?4 ,SU3ESS;L
TR1T;T (A TUMOR IS ALW M* M LIKELY IF X
IS 2GUN E>LY4 ,RADI,N1 DRUGS1 &/OR
SURG]Y MAY 2 US$1 B FREQU5TLY -PLETE
REMOVAL (! EYE & ANY O!R A6ECT$ TISSUE
MAY 2 NEC4

,U%]'S ,SYNDROME

  ,AN 9H]IT$ 4ORD] PRES5T AT BIR? OR
E>LY 9 LIFE1 ,U%]'S ,SYNDROME 9VOLVES
HE>+ LOSS &A PROGRESSIVE LOSS ( VI.N
CAUS$ 0RET9ITIS PIG;TOSA 74CUSS$ ABV74
,! HE>+ LOSS ASSOCIAT$ ) ? 4ORD]1 : MAY
2 F MILD 6PROF.D1 USU,Y DOES N PROGRESS4
,! RET9ITIS PIG;TOSA1 H["E1 FOLL[S !
USUAL PATT]N ( PROGRESSIVE LOSS8F/ (
NI<T VI.N & GRADU,Y ( P]IPH]AL VI.N4 ,!
9CID;E (
,U%]'S ,SYNDROME IS E/IMAT$ 0! ,,RP
,F.D,N AT AB #A 9 #AE1JJJ 6#CJ1JJJ
BIR?S4 ,"! IS NO TR1T;T = ? 4ORD]1 B "!
HAS BE5 "S B5EFIT F CO*LE> IMPLANTS = ^?
) SEV]E HE>+ LOSS4

,UVEITIS

  ,9FLAMM,N (! UVEA1 ! MI4LE LAY] (! EYE
2T ! SCL]A &! RET9A1 IS CALL$ UVEITIS4
,SYMPTOMS 9CLUDE LI<T S5SITIV;Y1 BLURR+
( VI.N1 PA91 & R$;S (! EYE4 ,? 3DI;N C
A6ECT O!R "PS (! EYE8CORNEA1 RET9A1
SCL]A1 = EXAMPLE8& MAY 2 S]I\S 5 6L1D
6LOSS ( VI.N4 ,X MAY -E ON SL[LY ) LL
PA9 B ) BLURR+ ( VI.N1 OR X MAY APPE>
SU45LY1 A3OMPANI$ 0PA9 & R$;S (! EYE4