,,! ,,TRAMP ,MR4 ,FRANCIS ,O',NEIL1 ,G5]AL ,SUP]9T5D5T ( ,POLICE1 ,*ICAGO1 SP1K+ (! TRAMP1 SAYS3 8,DESPITE ! MO/ /R+5T POLICE REGUL,NS1 A GRT C;Y W H A C]TA9 NUMB] ( HOME.S VAGRANTS 6%ELT] "? ! W9T]40 8,DESPITE10--M>K ! ^W1 A 3FES.N ( ORGANIZ$ HELP.S;S Z AG/ UNORGANIZ$ NECESS;Y4 ,IF POLICE REGUL,NS >E /R+5T & YET FAIL1 !N T : MAKES !M FAIL1 "NLY1 ! TRAMP1 M/ H / M /R+5T R1SONS = SU3E$+4 ,? 2+ S1 X %D 2 ( 9T]E/ 69QUIRE 96^! R1SONS1 6ATTEMPT 64COV] :Y ! "N.S & HOME.S VAGRANT SETS AT NAUM (! CORPORATE P[] ( \R GRT CITIES1 :Y ALL T IS W1K & WOR?.S IS /R;G] ?AN ALL T IS /R;G &( VALUE4 ,MR4 ,O',NEIL IS A MAN ( WIDE EXP]I;E ON ! SUBJECT ( TRAMPS4 ,HE MAY 2 CALL$ A SPECIALI/4 ,Z HE SAYS ( HMF3 8,Z AN OLD- "T DESK S]G1NT & POLICE CAPTA91 ,I H _H ALM UNLIMIT$ OPPORTUN;Y 6/UDY & ANALYZE ? CLASS ( FLOAT+ POPUL,N1 : SEEKS ! C;Y 9 W9T] & SCATT]S ABROAD "? ! C.TRY 9 ! SPR+40 ,HE !N 3T9UES3 8,? EXP]I;E REIT]AT$ ! LESSON T ! VA/ MAJOR;Y ( ^! W&]]S >E (! CLASS ) :OM A LIFE ( VAGRANCY IS A *OS5 M1NS ( LIV+ )\T "W40 ,N ONLY IS X 6BE 9F]R$ F ? T "! IS A L>GE CLASS 9 SOCIETY : LIVES )\T "W1 = ,MR4 ,O',NEIL'S TE/IMONY FUR!R %[S T ? CLASS IS =C$ 6LIVE )\T "W4 ,HE SAYS3 8,I H BE5 A/ONI%$ AT ! MULTITUDE ( ^? :O H UN=TUNATELY 5GAG$ 9 O3UP,NS : PRACTIC,Y =CE !M 62COME LOAF]S = AT L1/ A ?IRD (! YE>4 ,& X IS F ? CLASS T ! TRAMPS >E L>GELY RECRUIT$4 ,I RECALL A C]TA9 W9T] :5 X SEEM$ 6ME T A L>GE POR;N (! 9HABITANTS ( ,*ICAGO 2L;G$ 6? >MY ( UN=TUNATES4 ,I 0 /,N$ AT A POLICE /,N N F> F ": AN ICE H>VE/ 0 R1DY =! CUTT]S4 ,! ICE -PANY ADV]TIS$ = HELP]S1 &! V NI$ 9 ! NEWSPAP]S \R /,N 0 PACK$ ) HOME.S M51 :O ASK$ %ELT] 9 ORD] 6BE AT H& =! MORN+'S "W4 ,E FOOT ( FLOOR SPACE 0 GIV5 OV] 6^! LODG]S & SCORES 7 / UNA3OMMODAT$40 ,& AG3 8,& X M/ 2 3FESS$ T ! MAN :O IS WILL+ 6D H"O/ LABOR = FOOD & %ELT] IS A R>E SPECIM5 9 ? VA/ >MY ( %A2Y & TATT]$ W&]]S :O SEEK ! W>M? (! C;Y )! -+ (! F/ SN[40 ,TAK+ 963SID],N ! CR[D ( H"O/ LABOR]S T SWAMP$ ,MR4 ,O',NEIL'S /,N- H\SE ON ! WAY 6! ICE-CUTT+1 X IS PAT5T1 IF ALL TRAMPS 7 LOOK+ = H"O/ LABOR 9/1D (A SMALL M9OR;Y1 T ! H"O/ LABOR]S WD H A F> H>D] TASK F9D+ "S?+ H"O/ 6D = FOOD & %ELT]4 ,IF ! OP9ION (! H"O/ LABOR]S :O SWAMP$ ,MR4 ,O',NEIL'S /,N-H\SE 7 ASK$1 "O CD RE/ 3FID5T T EA* & E MAN WD EXPRESS A PREF];E = FEW] H"O/ LABOR]S ON ! MORR[ :5 HE ASK$ ! ICE =EMAN =A JOB4 ,&1 F9,Y1 ,MR4 ,O',NEIL SAYS3 8,! HUMANE & G5]\S TR1T;T : ? C;Y HAS A3ORD$ ! GRT >MY ( HOME.S UN=TUNATES HAS MADE X ! VICTIM ( :OLESALE IMPOSI;N1 & ? WELL- 9T5D$ POLICY ( K9D;S HAS RESULT$ 9 MAK+ ,*ICAGO ! W9T] ,ME3A (A VA/ & UNDESIRA# FLOAT+ POPUL,N40 ,T IS 6SAY1 2C ( H] K9D;S1 ,*ICAGO _H M ?AN H] FAIR %>E ( TRAMPS2 2C %E 0 HUMANE & G5]\S %E SU6]$ :OLE-SALE IMPOSI;N4 ,F ? WE M/ 3CLUDE T X DOES N D 6BE ,,HUMANE & ,,G5]\S 6\R FELL[-M5--:5 !Y >E TRAMPS4 ,MR4 ,O',NEIL IS "R1 & T ? IS NO SOPHISM X IS ! 9T5;N ( ? >TICLE1 AM;G O!R ?+S1 6%[4 ,9 A G5]AL WAY WE MAY DRAW ! FOLL[+ 9F];ES F ! REM>KS ( ,MR4 ,O',NEIL3 7#A7 ,! TRAMP IS /R;G] ?AN ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY & _C 2 PUT D[N2 7#B7 ,! TRAMP IS 8%A2Y10 8TATT]$10 8HOME.S10 8UN=TUNATE02 7#C7 ,"! IS A 8VA/0 NUMB] ( TRAMPS2 7#D7 ,V FEW TRAMPS >E WILL+ 6D H"O/ "W2 7#E7 ,^? TRAMPS :O >E WILL+ 6D H"O/ "W H 6HUNT V H>D 6F9D X2 7#F7 ,! TRAMP IS UNDESIRA#4 ,6? LA/ LET ! 3T5;N 2 APP5D$ T ! TRAMP IS ONLY ,,P]SON,Y UNDESIRA#2 T HE IS ,,NEGATIVELY DESIRA#2 T ! FUNC;N HE P]=MS 9 SOCIETY IS A NEGATIVE FUNC;N2 & T HE IS ! BY-PRODUCT ( ECONOMIC NECESS;Y4 ,X IS V EASY 6DEMON/RATE T "! >E M M5 ?AN "! IS "W = M5 6D4 ,= 9/.E1 :AT WD HAPP5 TM IF "O HUNDR$ ?\S& TRAMPS %D 2COME SU45LY 9SPIR$ ) AN OV]MA/]+ DESIRE = "W8 ,X IS A FAIR "Q4 8,G 6"W0 IS PR1*$ 6! TRAMP E "D ( 8 LIFE4 ,! JUDGE ON ! B5*1 ! P$E/RIAN 9 ! /REET1 ! H\SEWIFE AT ! KIT*5 DOOR1 ALL UNITE 9 ADVIS+ HM 6G 6"W4 ,S :AT WD HAPP5 TM IF "O HUNDR$ ?\S& TRAMPS ACT$ ^U ? ADVICE & /R5U\SLY & 9DOMITABLY S"\ "W8 ,:Y1 0! 5D (! WEEK "O HUNDR$ ?\S& "W]S1 _! PLACES TAK5 0! TRAMPS1 WD RCV _! "T & 2 8HITT+ ! ROAD0 =A JOB4 ,ELLA ,:EEL] ,WILCOX UNWITT+LY & UNCOM=TABLY DEMON/RAT$ ! 4P>;Y 2T M5 & "W4 LEFT-BRACE #A"R-BRACE ,%E MADE A CASUAL REF];E1 9 A NEWSPAP] COLUMN %E 3DUCTS1 6! DI6ICULTY TWO BUSI;S M5 F.D 9 OBTA9+ GD EMPLOYEES4 ,! F/ MORN+ MAIL BR"\ H] SEV5TY-FIVE APPLIC,NS =! POSI;N1 & AT ! 5D ( TWO WEEKS OV] TWO HUNDR$ P _H APPLI$4 ,/ M /RIK+LY 0 ! SAME PROPOSI;N REC5TLY DEMON/RAT$ 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 ,A SYMPA!TIC /RIKE CALL$ \ A :OLE F$],N ( TRADES' UNIONS4 ,?\S&S ( M51 9 _M BRAN*ES ( TRADE1 QUIT "W1--DRAYM51 S& T1M/]S1 PORT]S & PACK]S1 L;G%OREM51 /EV$ORES1 W>EH\SEM51 /,N>Y 5G9E]S1 SAILORS1 M>9E FIREM51 /EW>DS1 SEA-COOKS1 & S =?1--AN 9T]M9A# LI/4 ,X 0 A /RIKE ( L>GE PROPOR;NS4 ,E ,PACIFIC COA/ %IPP+ C;Y 0 9VOLV$1 &! 5TIRE COA/+ S]VICE1 F ,SAN ,DIEGO 6,PUGET ,S.D1 0 VIRTU,Y TI$ UP4 ,! "T 0 3SID]$ AUSPICI\S4 ,! ,PHILIPP9ES & ,ALASKA _H DRA9$ ! ,PACIFIC COA/ ( SURPLUS LABOR4 ,X 0 SUMM]-"T1 :5 ! AGRICULTURAL DEM& = LABOR]S 0 AT XS HEIE ( _! FLOAT+ POPUL,NS4 ,& YET "! REMA9$ A BODY ( SURPLUS LABOR SU6ICI5T 6TAKE ! PLACES (! /RIK]S4 ,NO MATT] :AT O3UP,N1 SEA-COOK OR /,N>Y 5G9E]1 S& T1M/] OR W>EH\SEMAN1 9 E CASE "! 0 AN IDLE "W] R1DY 6D ! "W4 ,& N ONLY R1DY B ANXI\S4 ,!Y F"\ =A *.E 6"W4 ,M5 7 KILL$1 HUNDR$S ( H1DS 7 BROK51 ! HOSPITALS 7 FILL$ ) 9JUR$ M51 & ?\S&S ( ASSAULTS 7 -MITT$4 ,& / SURPLUS LABOR]S1 8SCABS10 CAME =W>D 6REPLACE ! /RIK]S4 ,! "Q >ISES3 ,,:;E ,,CAME ,,? ,,SECOND ,,>MY ,,( ,,"W]S ,,6,,REPLACE ,,! ,,F/ ,,>MY8 ,"O ?+ IS C]TA93 ! TRADES' UNIONS DID N SCAB ON "O ANO!R4 ,ANO!R ?+ IS C]TA93 NO 9DU/RY ON ! ,PACIFIC SLOPE 0 CRIPPL$ 9 ! SLIMY ( "W]S4 ,X SIMPLY WAS4 ,X 0 "! ALL ? "T1 A SURPLUS LABOR >MY 9 ! YE> ( \R ,"L #AIJA1 A YE> ADJUDG$ MO/ PROSP]\S 9 ! ANNALS (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 LEFT-BRACE #B"R-BRACE ,! EXI/;E (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY 2+ E/ABLI%$1 "! REMA9S 6BE E/ABLI%$ ! ECONOMIC NECESS;Y =! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,! SIMPLE/ & MO/ OBVI\S NE$ IS T BR"\ AB 0! FLUCTU,N ( PRODUC;N4 ,IF1 :5 PRODUC;N IS AT L[ EBB1 ALL M5 >E AT "W1 X NECESS>ILY FOLL[S T :5 PRODUC;N 9CR1SES "! W 2 NO M5 6D ! 9CR1S$ "W4 ,? MAY SEEM ALM *ILDI%1 &1 IF N *ILDI%1 AT L1/ EASILY REM$I$4 ,AT L[ EBB LET ! M5 "W %ORT] "T2 AT HI< FLOOD LET !M "W OV]"T4 ,! MA9 OBJEC;N 6? IS1 T X IS N D"O1 & T WE >E 3SID]+ :AT IS1 N :AT MIE GRT IRREGUL> & P]IODICAL DEM&S = LABOR : M/ 2 MET4 ,"U ! F/ H1D -E ALL ! BIG BUILD+ & 5G9E]+ 5T]PRISES4 ,:5 A CANAL IS 6BE DUG OR A RAILROAD PUT "?1 REQUIR+ ?\S&S ( LABOR]S1 X WD 2 HURT;L 6)DRAW ^! LABOR]S F ! 3/ANT 9DU/RIES4 ,& :E!R X IS A CANAL 6BE DUG OR A CELL>1 :E!R FIVE ?\S& M5 >E REQUIR$ OR FIVE1 X IS WELL1 9 SOCIETY Z AT PRES5T ORGANIZ$1 T !Y 2 TAK5 F ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,! SURPLUS LABOR >MY IS ! RES]VE FUND ( SOCIAL 5]GY1 & ? IS "O (! R1SONS = XS EXI/;E4 ,"U ! SECOND H1D1 P]IODICAL DEM&S1 -E ! H>VE/S4 ,"?\T ! YE>1 HUGE LABOR TIDES SWEEP BACK & =? ACR ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,T : IS S[N & T5D$ 0FEW M51 -ES 6SU45 RIPE;S & M/ 2 GA!R$ 0_M M52 & X IS 9EVITA# T ^! _M M5 =M FLOAT+ POPUL,NS4 ,9 ! LATE SPR+ ! B]RIES M/ 2 PICK$1 9 ! SUMM] ! GRA9 G>N]$1 9 ! FALL1 ! HOPS GA!R$1 9 ! W9T] ! ICE H>VE/$4 ,9 ,CALI=NIA A MAN MAY PICK B]RIES 9 ,SISKIY\1 P1*ES 9 ,SANTA ,CL>A1 GRAPES 9 ! ,SAN ,JOAQU91 & ORANGES 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 GO+ F JOB 6JOB Z ! S1SON ADV.ES1 & TRAVELL+ A ?\S& MILES ]E ! S1SON IS D"O4 ,B ! GRT DEM& = AGRICULTURAL LABOR IS 9 ! SUMM]4 ,9 ! W9T]1 "W IS SLACK1 & ^! FLOAT+ POPUL,NS $DY 96! CITIES 6EKE \ A PREC>I\S EXI/;E & H>R[ ! S\LS (! POLICE (FIC]S UNTIL ! RETURN ( W>M W1!R & "W4 ,IF "! 7 3/ANT "W AT GD WAGES = E MAN1 :O WD H>VE/ ! CROPS8 ,B ! LA/ & MO/ SIGNIFICANT NE$ =! SURPLUS LABOR >MY REMA9S 6BE /AT$4 ,? SURPLUS LABOR ACTS Z A *ECK ^U ALL EMPLOY$ LABOR4 ,X IS ! LA% 0: ! MA/]S HOLD ! "W]S 6_! TASKS1 OR DRIVE !M BACK 6_! TASKS :5 !Y H REVOLT$4 ,X IS ! GOAD : =CES ! "W]S 96! -PULSORY 8FREE 3TRACTS0 AG/ : !Y N[ & AG REBEL4 ,"! IS ONLY "O R1SON "U ! SUN T /RIKES FAIL1 & T IS 2C "! >E ALW PL5TY ( M5 6TAKE ! /RIK]S' PLACES4 ,! /R5G? (! UNION TD1 O!R ?+S REMA9+ EQUAL1 IS PROPOR;NATE 6! SKILL (! TRADE1 OR1 9 O!R ^WS1 PROPOR;NATE 6! PRESSURE ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY C PUT ^U X4 ,IF A ?\S& DIT*-DI7]S /RIKE1 X IS EASY 6REPLACE !M1 ":=E ! DIT*-DI7]S H LL OR NO ORGANIZ$ /R5G?4 ,B A ?\S& HIE "S:AT H>D] 6REPLACE1 & 9 3SEQU;E ! MA*9I/ UNIONS >E /R;G4 ,! DIT*-DI7]S >E :OLLY AT ! M]CY (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY1 ! MA*9I/S ONLY "PLY4 ,6BE 9V9CI#1 A UNION M/ 2 A MONOPOLY4 ,X M/ 3TROL E MAN 9 XS "PICUL> TRADE1 & REGULATE APPR5TICES S T ! SUPPLY ( SKILL$ "WM5 MAY REMA9 3/ANT2 ? IS ! DR1M (! 8,LABOR ,TRU/0 ON ! "P (! CAPTA9S ( LABOR4 ,ONCE1 9 ,5GL&1 AF ! ,GRT ,PLAGUE1 LABOR AWOKE 6F9D "! 0 M "W = M5 ?AN "! 7 M5 6"W4 ,9/1D ( "W]S -PET+ = FAVORS F EMPLOY]S1 EMPLOY]S 7 -PET+ = FAVORS F ! "W]S4 ,WAGES W5T UP & UP1 & 3T9U$ 6G UP1 UNTIL ! "W]S DEM&$ ! FULL PRODUCT ( _! TOIL4 ,N[ X IS CLE> T1 :5 LABOR RCVS XS FULL PRODUCT CAPITAL M/ P]I%4 ,& S ! PYGMY CAPITALI/S ( T PO/-,PLAGUE "D F.D _! EXI/;E ?R1T5$ 0? UNT[>D 3DI;N ( A6AIRS4 ,6SAVE !MVS1 !Y SET A MAXIMUM WAGE1 RE/RA9$ ! "W]S F MOV+ AB F PLACE 6PLACE1 SMA%$ 9CIPI5T ORGANIZ,N1 REFUS$ 6TOL]ATE IDL]S1 & 0MO/ B>B>\S LEGAL P5ALTIES PUNI%$ ^? :O 4OBEY$4 ,AF T1 ?+S W5T ON Z 2F4 ,! PO9T ( ?1 ( C\RSE1 IS 6DEMON/RATE ! NE$ (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,)\T S* AN >MY1 \R PRES5T CAPITALI/ SOCIETY WD 2 P[].S4 ,LABOR WD ORGANIZE Z X N"E ORGANIZ$ 2F1 &! LA/ L1/ "W] WD 2 GA!R$ 96! UNIONS4 ,! FULL PRODUCT ( TOIL WD 2 DEM&$1 & CAPITALI/ SOCIETY WD CRUM# AWAY4 ,NOR CD CAPITALI/ SOCIETY SAVE XF Z DID ! PO/-,PLAGUE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! "T IS PA/ :5 A H&;L ( MA/]S1 0IMPRISON;T & B>B>\S PUNI%;T1 C DRIVE ! LEGIONS (! "W]S 6_! TASKS4 ,)\T A SURPLUS LABOR >MY1 ! C\RTS1 POLICE1 & MILIT>Y >E IMPOT5T4 ,9 S* MATT]S ! FUNC;N (! C\RTS1 POLICE1 & MILIT>Y IS 6PRES]VE ORD]1 & 6FILL ! PLACES ( /RIK]S ) SURPLUS LABOR4 ,IF "! 2 NO SURPLUS LABOR 69/ATE1 "! IS NO FUNC;N 6P]=M2 = 4ORD] >ISES ONLY DUR+ ! PROCESS ( 9/ATE;T1 :5 ! /RIK+ LABOR >MY &! SURPLUS LABOR >MY CLA% TGR4 ,T IS 6SAY1 T : MA9TA9S ! 9TEGR;Y (! PRES5T 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY M POT5TLY ?AN ! C\RTS1 POLICE1 & MILIT>Y IS ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,X HAS BE5 %[N T "! >E M M5 ?AN "! IS "W = M51 & T ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY IS AN ECONOMIC NECESS;Y4 ,6%[ H[ ! TRAMP IS A BY-PRODUCT ( ? ECONOMIC NECESS;Y1 X IS NEC 69QUIRE 96! -POSI;N (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,:AT M5 =M X8 ,:Y >E !Y "!8 ,:AT D !Y D8 ,9 ! F/ PLACE1 S9CE ! "W]S M/ -PETE = EMPLOY;T1 X 9EVITABLY FOLL[S T X IS ! FIT & E6ICI5T :O F9D EMPLOY;T4 ,! SKILL$ "W] HOLDS 8 PLACE 0VIRTUE ( 8 SKILL & E6ICI5CY4 ,7 HE LESS SKILL$1 OR 7 HE UNRELIA# OR ]RATIC1 HE WD 2 SWIFTLY REPLAC$ 0A /R;G] -PETITOR4 ,! SKILL$ & /1DY EMPLOY;TS >E N CUMB]$ ) CL[NS & IDIOTS4 ,A MAN F9DS 8 PLACE AC 6HIS ABIL;Y &! NE$S (! SY/EM1 & ^? )\T ABIL;Y1 OR 9CAPA# ( SATISFY+ ! NE$S (! SY/EM1 H NO PLACE4 ,?US1 ! POOR TELEGRAPH] MAY DEVELOP 96AN EXCELL5T WOOD-*OPP]4 ,B IF ! POOR TELEGRAPH] *]I%ES ! DELU.N T HE IS A GD TELEGRAPH]1 & AT ! SAME "T 4DA9S ALL O!R EMPLOY;TS1 HE W H NO EMPLOY;T AT ALL1 OR HE W 2 S POOR AT ALL O!R EMPLOY;TS T HE W "W ONLY N[ & AG 9 LIEU ( BETT] M54 ,HE W 2 AM;G ! F/ LET (F :5 "TS >E DULL1 & AM;G ! LA/ TAK5 ON :5 "TS >E GD4 ,OR1 6! PO9T1 HE W 2 A MEMB] (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,S ! 3CLU.N IS R1*$ T ! LESS FIT & LESS E6ICI5T1 OR ! UNFIT & 9E6ICI5T1 -POSE ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,"H >E 6BE F.D ! M5 :O H TRI$ & FAIL$1 ! M5 :O _C HOLD JOBS1--! PLUMB] APPR5TICE :O CD N 2COME A J\RNEYMAN1 &! PLUMB] J\RNEYMAN TOO CLUMSY & DULL 6RETA9 EMPLOY;T2 SWIT*M5 :O WRECK TRA9S2 CL]KS :O _C BAL.E BOOKS2 BLACKSMI?S :O LAME HORSES2 LAWY]S :O _C PL1D2 9 %ORT1 ! FAILURES ( E TRADE & PROFES.N1 & FAILURES1 _M ( !M1 9 DIV]S TRADES & PROFES.NS4 ,FAILURE IS WRIT L>GE1 & 9 _! WRET*$;S !Y BE> ! /AMP ( SOCIAL 4APPROB,N4 ,-MON "W1 ANY K9D ( "W1 :]"E OR H["E !Y C OBTA9 X1 IS _! POR;N4 ,B ^! H]$IT>Y 9E6ICI5TS D N AL"O -POSE ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY4 ,"! >E ! SKILL$ B UN/1DY & UNRELIA# M52 &! OLD M51 ONCE SKILL$1 B1 ) DW9DL+ P[]S1 NO L;G] SKILL$4 LEFT-BRACE #C"R-BRACE ,& "! >E GD M51 TOO1 SPL5DIDLY SKILL$ & E6ICI5T1 B ?RU/ \ (! EMPLOY;T ( DY+ OR 4A/]- SMITT5 9DU/RIES4 ,9 ? 3NEC;N X IS N \ ( PLACE 6NOTE ! MIS=TUNE (! "W]S 9 ! ,BRITI% IRON TRADES1 :O >E SU6]+ 2C ( ,AM]ICAN 9ROADS4 ,&1 LA/ ( ALL1 >E ! UNSKILL$ LABOR]S1 ! HEW]S ( WOOD & DRAW]S ( WAT]1 ! DIT*-DI7]S1 ! M5 ( PICK & %OVEL1 ! HELP]S1 LUMP]S1 R\/ABS4 ,IF TRADE IS SLACK ON A S1COA/ ( TWO ?\S& MILES1 OR ! H>VE/S >E LIMY4 ,/RIKES & 9DU/RIAL 4LOC,NS %AKE UP ! "W]S1 BR+ GD M5 6! SURFACE & S9K M5 Z GD OR N S GD4 ,! HOPE (! SKILL$ /RIK] IS 9 T ! SCABS >E LESS SKILL$1 OR LESS CAPA# ( 2COM+ SKILL$2 YET EA* /RIKE ATTE/S 6! E6ICI5CY T LURKS 2N4 ,AF ! ,PULLMAN /RIKE1 A FEW ?\S& RAILROAD M5 7 *AGR9$ 6F9D ! "W !Y _H FLUNG D[N TAK5 UP 0M5 Z GD Z !MVS4 ,B "O ?+ M/ 2 3SID]$ "H4 ,"U ! PRES5T SY/EM1 IF ! W1KE/ & L1/ FIT 7 Z /R;G & FIT Z ! BE/1 & ! BE/ 7 CORRESPOND+LY /R;G] & FITT]1 ! SAME 3DI;N WD OBTA94 ,"! WD 2 ! SAME >MY ( EMPLOY$ LABOR1 ! SAME >MY ( SURPLUS LABOR4 ,! :OLE ?+ IS RELATIVE4 ,"! IS NO ABSOLUTE /&>D ( E6ICI5CY4 ,-ES N[ ! TRAMP4 ,& ALL 3CLU.NS MAY 2 ANTICIPAT$ 0SAY+ AT ONCE T HE IS A TRAMP 2C "S "O HAS 6BE A TRAMP4 ,IF HE LEFT ! 8ROAD0 & 2CAME A ,,V E6ICI5T -MON LABOR]1 "S ,,ORD9>ILY ,,E6ICI5T -MON LABOR] WD H 6TAKE 6! 8ROAD40 ,! NOOKS & CRANNIES >E CR[D$ 0! SURPLUS LABOR]S2 & :5 ! F/ SN[ FLIES1 &! TRAMPS >E DRIV5 96! CITIES1 ?+S 2COME OV]CR[D$ & /R+5T POLICE REGUL,NS >E NEC4 ,! TRAMP IS "O ( TWO K9DS ( M53 HE IS EI A 4C\RAG$ "W] OR A 4C\RAG$ CRIM9AL4 ,N[ A 4C\RAG$ CRIM9AL1 ON 9VE/IG,N1 PROVES 6BE A 4C\RAG$ "W]1 OR ! DESC5DANT ( 4C\RAG$ "W]S2 S T1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! TRAMP IS A 4C\RAG$ "W]4 ,S9CE "! IS N "W = ALL1 4C\RAGE;T = "S IS UNAVOIDA#4 ,H[1 !N1 DOES ? PROCESS ( 4C\RAGE;T OP]ATE8 ,! L[] ! EMPLOY;T 9 ! 9DU/RIAL SCALE1 ! H>D] ! 3DI;NS4 ,! F9]1 ! M DELICATE1 ! M SKILL$ ! TRADE1 ! HI<] IS X LIFT$ ABV ! /RU7LE4 ,"! IS LESS PRESSURE1 LESS SORDID;S1 LESS SAVAGERY4 ,"! >E FEW] GLASS-BL[]S PROPOR;NATE 6! NE$S (! GLASS-BL[+ 9DU/RY ?AN "! >E DIT*-DI7]S PROPOR;NATE 6! NE$S (! DIT*-DI7+ 9DU/RY4 ,& N ONLY ?1 = X REQUIRES A GLASS-BL[] 6TAKE ! PLACE (A /RIK+ GLASS-BL[]1 :ILE ANY K9D (A /RIK] OR \-(-"W C TAKE ! PLACE (A DIT*-DI7]4 ,S ! SKILL$ TRADES >E M 9DEP5D5T1 H M 9DIVIDUAL;Y & LATITUDE4 ,!Y MAY 3F] ) _! MA/]S1 MAKE DEM&S1 ASS]T !MVS4 ,! UNSKILL$ LABOR]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 H NO VOICE 9 _! A6AIRS4 ,! SETTLE;T ( T]MS IS N"O ( _! BUSI;S4 8,FREE 3TRACT0 IS ALL T REMA9S 6!M4 ,!Y MAY TAKE :AT IS (F]$1 OR L1VE X4 ,"! >E PL5TY M ( _! K9D4 ,!Y D N C.T4 ,!Y >E MEMB]S (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY1 & M/ 2 3T5T )A H&-TO-M\? EXI/;E4 ,! REW>D IS LIKEWISE PROPOR;N$4 ,! /R;G1 FIT "W] 9 A SKILL$ TRADE1 ": "! IS LL LABOR PRESSURE1 IS WELL -P5SAT$4 ,HE IS A K+ -P>$ ) 8 LESS =TUNATE BRO!RS 9 ! UNSKILL$ O3UP,NS ": ! LABOR PRESSURE IS GRT4 ,! M$IOCRE "W] N ONLY IS =C$ 6BE IDLE A L>GE POR;N (! "T1 B :5 EMPLOY$ IS =C$ 6A3EPT A PITT.E4 ,A DOLL> A "D ON "S "DS & NO?+ ON O!R "DS W H>DLY SUPPORT A MAN & WIFE & S5D *N 6S*OOL4 ,& N ONLY D ! MA/]S BE> H1VILY ^U HM1 & 8 [N K9D /RU7LE =! MORSEL AT 8 M\?1 B ALL SKILL$ & ORGANIZ$ LABOR A4S 6HIS WOE4 ,UNION M5 D N SCAB ON "O ANO!R1 B 9 /RIKES1 OR :5 "W IS SLACK1 X IS 3SID]$ 8FAIR0 = !M 6DESC5D & TAKE AWAY ! "W (! -MON LABOR]S4 ,& TAKE X AWAY !Y D2 =1 Z A MATT] ( FACT1 A WELL-F$1 AMBITI\S MA*9I/ OR A CORE-MAK] W TRANSI5TLY %OVEL COAL BETT] ?AN AN ILL-F$1 _S.S LABOR]4 ,?US "! IS NO 5C\RAGE;T =! UNFIT1 9E6ICI5T1 & M$IOCRE4 ,_! V 9E6ICI5CY & M$IOCR;Y MAKE !M HELP.S Z CATTLE & ADD 6_! MIS]Y4 ,&! :OLE T5D5CY = S* IS D[NW>D1 UNTIL1 AT ! BOTTOM (! SOCIAL PIT1 !Y >E WRET*$1 9>TICULATE B1/S1 LIV+ L B1/S1 BRE$+ L B1/S1 DY+ L B1/S4 ,& H[ D !Y F>E1 ^! CR1TURES BORN M$IOCRE1 ^: H]ITAGE IS NEI BRA9S NOR BRAWN NOR 5DUR.E8 ,!Y >E SW1T$ 9 ! SLUMS 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( 4C\RAGE;T & DESPAIR4 ,"! IS NO /R5G? 9 W1K;S1 NO 5C\RAGE;T 9 F\L AIR1 VILE FOOD1 & DANK D5S4 ,!Y >E "! 2C !Y >E S MADE T !Y >E N FIT 6BE HI<] UP2 B FIL? & OBSC5;Y D N /R5G!N ! NECK1 NOR DOES *RONIC EMPTI;S ( BELLY /I65 ! BACK4 ,=! M$IOCRE "! IS NO HOPE4 ,M$IOCR;Y IS A S94 ,POV]TY IS ! P5ALTY ( FAILURE1 --POV]TY1 F ^: LO9S SPR+ ! CRIM9AL &! TRAMP1 BO? FAILURES1 BO? 4C\RAG$ "W]S4 ,POV]TY IS ! 9F]NO ": IGNOR.E FE/]S & VICE CORRODES1 & ": ! PHYSICAL1 M5TAL1 & MORAL "PS ( NATURE >E ABORT$ & D5I$4 ,T ! *>GE ( RA%;S 9 SPLA%+ ! PICTURE 2 N 9CURR$1 LET ! FOLL[+ AU?ORITATIVE EVID;E 2 3SID]$3 F/1 ! "W & WAGES ( M$IOCR;Y & 9E6ICI5CY1 &1 SECOND1 ! HABITAT3 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,SUN ( ,FEBRU>Y #BH1 #AIJA1 DESCRIBES ! OP5+ (A FACTORY 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,C;Y 0! ,AM]ICAN ,TOBA3O ,-PANY4 ,*]OOTS 7 6BE MADE 9 ? FACTORY 9 -PETI;N ) O!R FACTORIES : REFUS$ 6BE ABSORB$ 0! TRU/4 ,! TRU/ ADV]TIS$ = GIRLS4 ,! CR[D ( M5 & BOYS :O WANT$ "W 0 S GRT 9 FRONT (! BUILD+ T ! POLICE 7 =C$ ) _! CLUBS 6CLE> !M AWAY4 ,! WAGE PD ! GIRLS 0 4#B.EJ P] WEEK1 SIXTY C5TS ( : W5T = C> F>E4 LEFT-BRACE #D"R-BRACE ,MISS ,NELLIE ,MASON ,AUT51 A GRADUATE /UD5T (! DE"P;T ( SOCIOLOGY AT ! ,UNIV]S;Y ( ,*ICAGO1 REC5TLY MADE A ?OR\< 9VE/IG,N (! G>;T TRADES ( ,*ICAGO4 ,H] FIGURES 7 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,J\RNAL ( ,SOCIOLOGY1 & -;T$ ^U 0! ,LIT]>Y ,DIGE/4 ,%E F.D WOM5 "W+ T5 H\RS A "D1 SIX "DS A WEEK1 = =TY C5TS P] WEEK 7A RATE ( TWO-?IRDS (A C5T AN H\R74 ,_M WOM5 E>N$ LESS ?AN A DOLL> A WEEK1 & N"O ( !M "W$ E WEEK4 ,! FOLL[+ TA# W BE/ SUMM>IZE ,MISS ,AUT5'S 9VE/IG,NS AM;G A POR;N (! G>;T-"W]S3 ,9DU/RY ,AV]AGE ,AV]AGE ,AV]AGE ,9DIVIDUAL ,NUMB] ( ,YE>LY ,WEEKLY ,WEEKS ,E>N+S ,WAGES ,EMPLOY$ -- ,DRESSMAK]S 4#.IJ #DB4 4#CG.JJ ,PANTS-,F9I%]S #A.CA #BG.EH #DB.DA ,H\SEWIVES & #A.EH #CJ.BA #DG.DI ,PANTS-,F9I%]S -- -- ,S1M/RESSES #B.JC #CB.GH #FD.AJ ,PANTS-MAK]S #B.AC #CJ.GG #GE.FA ,MISCELLANE\S #B.GG #BI4 #HA.HJ ,TAILORS #F.BB #CA.IF #BAA.IB ,G5]AL ,AV]AGES #B.DH #CA.AH #GF.GD ,WALT] ,A4 ,WYCK(F1 :O IS Z GRT AN AU?OR;Y ^U ! "W] Z ,JOSIAH ,FLYNT IS ON ! TRAMP1 FURNI%ES ! FOLL[+ ,*ICAGO EXP]I;E3 8,_M (! M5 7 S W1K5$ 0! WANT & H>D%IP (! W9T] T !Y 7 NO L;G] 9 3DI;N = E6ECTIVE LABOR4 ,"S (! BOSSES :O 7 9 NE$ ( A4$ H&S 7 OBLIG$ 6TURN M5 AWAY 2C ( PHYSICAL 9CAPAC;Y4 ,"O 9/.E ( ? ,I % N SOON =GET4 ,X 0 :5 ,I OV]HE>D1 E>LY "O MORN+ AT A FACTORY GATE1 AN 9T]VIEW 2T A WD-BE LABOR] &! BOSS4 ,I KNEW ! APPLICANT =A ,RUSSIAN ,JEW1 :O _H AT HOME AN OLD "M &A WIFE & TWO "Y *N 6SUPPORT4 ,HE _H _H 9T]MITT5T EMPLOY;T "?\T ! W9T] 9 A SW1T]'S D51 LEFT-BRACE #E"R-BRACE B>ELY 5 6KEEP !M ALL ALIVE1 &1 AF ! H>D%IPS (! COLD S1SON1 HE 0 AG 9 DESP]ATE /RAITS = "W4 8,! BOSS _H ALL B AGRE$ 6TAKE HM ON = "S SORT ( UNSKILL$ LABOR1 :51 /RUCK 0! CADAV]\S LOOK (! MAN1 HE TOLD HM 6B>E 8 >M4 ,UP W5T ! SLEEVE ( 8 COAT & 8 RA7$ FLANNEL %IRT1 EXPOS+ A NAK$ >M )! MUSCLES NE>LY G"O1 &! BLUE-:ITE TRANSP>5T SK9 /RET*$ OV] S9EWS &! \TL9ES (! B"OS4 ,PITI;L 2Y ^WS 0 8 EF=T 6GIVE A SEMBL.E ( /R5G? 6! BICEPS : ROSE FA9TLY 6! UPW>D MOVE;T (! =E>M4 ,B ! BOSS S5T HM (F ) AN OA? &A 3TEMPTU\S LAU<2 & ,I WAT*$ ! FELL[ Z HE TURN$ D[N ! /REET1 FAC+ ! FACT ( 8 />V+ FAMILY )A DESPAIR AT 8 HE>T : ONLY MORTAL MAN C FEEL & NO MORTAL T;GUE C SP1K40 ,3C]N+ HABITAT1 ,MR4 ,JACOB ,RIIS HAS /AT$ T 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,C;Y1 9 ! BLOCK B.D$ 0,/ANTON1 ,H\/ON1 ,ATTORNEY1 & ,RIDGE /REETS1 ! SIZE ( : IS #BJJ 0#CJJ1 "! IS A W>R5 ( #BBDD HUMAN 2+S4 ,9 ! BLOCK B.D$ 0,SIXTY-F/ & ,SIXTY- SECOND /REETS1 & ,AM/]DAM & ,WE/ ,5D AV5UES1 >E OV] F\R ?\S& HUMAN CR1TURES1 --Q A -=TA# ,NEW ,5GL& VILLAGE 6CR[D 96"O C;Y BLOCK4 ,! ,REV4 ,DR4 ,2HR5DS1 SP1K+ (! BLOCK B.D$ 0,CANAL1 ,HE/]1 ,ELDRIDGE1 & ,=SY? /REETS1 SAYS3 8,IN A ROOM #AB 0#H & #E.E FEET HI<1 X 0 F.D T N9E P]SONS SLEPT & PREP>$ _! FOOD4 4 4 4 ,9 ANO!R ROOM1 LOCAT$ 9 A D>K CELL>1 )\T SCRE5S OR "PI;NS1 7 TGR TWO M5 ) _! WIVES &A GIRL ( F\RTE51 TWO S+LE M5 &A BOY ( SEV5TE51 TWO WOM5 & F\R BOYS1--N9E1 T51 ELEV51 & FIFTE5 YE>S OLD1--F\RTE5 P]SONS 9 ALL40 ,"H HUMAN;Y ROTS4 ,XS VICTIMS1 ) GRIM HUMOR1 CALL X 8T5ANT-H\SE ROT40 ,OR1 Z A LEGISLATIVE REPORT PUTS X3 8,"H 9FANTILE LIFE UNFOLDS XS BUD1 B P]I%ES 2F XS F/ ANNIV]S>Y4 ,"H Y\? IS UGLY ) LOA?"S 41SE1 &! DE=MITIES : FOLL[ PHYSICAL DEG5],N40 ,^! >E ! M5 & WOM5 :O >E :AT !Y >E 2C !Y 7 N BETT] BORN1 OR 2C !Y HAPP5$ 6BE UNLUCKILY BORN 9 "T & SPACE4 ,GAUG$ 0! NE$S (! SY/EM1 !Y >E W1K & WOR?.S4 ,! HOSPITAL &! PAUP]'S GRAVE AWAIT !M1 & !Y (F] NO 5C\RAGE;T 6! M$IOCRE "W] :O HAS FAIL$ HI<] UP 9 ! 9DU/RIAL /RUCTURE4 ,S* A "W]1 3SCI\S T HE HAS FAIL$1 3SCI\S F ! H>D FACT T HE _C OBTA9 "W 9 ! HI<] EMPLOY;TS1 F9DS S"EAL C\RSES OP5 6HM4 ,HE MAY -E D[N & 2 A B1/ 9 ! SOCIAL PIT1 = 9/.E2 B IF HE 2 (A C]TA9 CALIB]1 ! E6ECT (! SOCIAL PIT W 2 64C\RAGE HM F "W4 ,9 8 BLOOD A REBELLION W QK51 & HE W ELECT 62COME EI A FELON OR A TRAMP4 ,IF HE H F"\ ! H>D FIGE CITIES 9 8 QUE/ =A JOB4 ,HE HAS LOAF$1 SE5 ! C.TRY & GRE5 ?+S1 LAU<$ 9 JOY1 LA9 ON 8 BACK & LI/5$ 6! BIRDS S++ OV]H1D1 UNANNOY$ 0FACTORY :I/LES & BOSSES' H>% -M&S2 &1 MO/ SIGNIFICANT ( ALL1 ,,HE ,,HAS ,,LIV$6 ,T IS ! PO9T6 ,HE HAS N />V$ 6D1?4 ,N ONLY HAS HE BE5 C>E-FREE & HAPPY1 B HE HAS LIV$6 ,& F ! K T HE HAS IDL$ & IS / ALIVE1 HE A*IEVES A NEW \TLOOK ON LIFE2 &! M HE EXP]I;ES ! UN5VIA# LOT (! POOR "W]1 ! M ! BL&I%;TS (! 8ROAD0 TAKE HOLD ( HM4 ,& F9,Y HE FL+S 8 *ALL5GE 9 ! FACE ( SOCIETY1 IMPOSES A VALOR\S BOYCOTT ON ALL "W1 & JO9S ! F>-W&]]S ( ,HOBOL&1 ! GYPSY FOLK ( ? LATT] "D4 ,B ! TRAMP DOES N USU,Y -E F ! SLUMS4 ,8 PLACE ( BIR? IS ORD9>ILY A BIT ABV1 & "S"TS A V GRT BIT ABV4 ,A 3FESS$ FAILURE1 HE YET REFUSES 6A3EPT ! PUNI%;T1 & SW]VES ASIDE F ! SLUM 6VAGABONDAGE4 ,! AV]AGE B1/ 9 ! SOCIAL PIT IS EI TOO M* (A B1/1 OR TOO M* (A SLAVE 6! B\RGEOIS E?ICS & ID1LS ( 8 MA/]S1 6MANIFE/ ? FLICK] ( REBELLION4 ,B ! SOCIAL PIT1 \ ( XS 4C\RAGE;T & VICI\S;S1 BRE$S CRIM9ALS1 M5 :O PREF] 2+ B1/S ( PREY 62+ B1/S ( "W4 ,&! M$IOCRE CRIM9AL1 9 TURN1 ! UNFIT & 9E6ICI5T CRIM9AL1 IS 4C\RAG$ 0! /R;G >M (! LAW & GOES OV] 6TRAMPDOM4 ,^! M51 ! 4C\RAG$ "W] &! 4C\RAG$ CRIM9AL1 VOLUNT>ILY )DRAW !MVS F ! /RU7LE = "W4 ,9DU/RY DOES N NE$ !M4 ,"! >E NO FACTORIES %UT D[N "? LACK ( LABOR1 NO PROJECT$ RAILROADS UNBUILT = WANT ( PICK-&-%OVEL M54 ,WOM5 >E / GLAD 6TOIL =A DOLL> A WEEK1 & M5 & BOYS 6CLAMOR & FIMY 9EVITABLY RESULTS4 ,! SURPLUS LABOR >MY IS AN ECONOMIC NECESS;Y2 )\T X1 PRES5T SOCIETY WD FALL 6PIECES4 ,96! SURPLUS LABOR >MY >E H]D$ ! M$IOCRE1 ! 9E6ICI5T1 ! UNFIT1 & ^? 9CAPA# ( SATISFY+ ! 9DU/RIAL NE$S (! SY/EM4 ,! /RU7LE = "W 2T ! MEMB]S (! SURPLUS LABOR >MY IS SORDID & SAVAGE1 & AT ! BOTTOM (! SOCIAL PIT ! /RU7LE IS VICI\S & B1/LY4 ,? /RU7LE T5DS 64C\RAGE;T1 &! VICTIMS ( ? 4C\RAGE;T >E ! CRIM9AL &! TRAMP4 ,! TRAMP IS N AN ECONOMIC NECESS;Y S* Z ! SURPLUS LABOR >MY1 B HE IS ! BY-PRODUCT ( AN ECONOMIC NECESS;Y4 ,! 8ROAD0 IS "O (! SAFETY-VALVES "? : ! WA/E (! SOCIAL ORGANISM IS GIV5 (F4 ,& ,,2+ ,,GIV5 ,,(F 3/ITUTES ! NEGATIVE FUNC;N (! TRAMP4 ,SOCIETY1 Z AT PRES5T ORGANIZ$1 MAKES M* WA/E ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,? WA/E M/ 2 ELIM9AT$4 ,*LORO=M OR ELECTROCU;N WD 2 A SIMPLE1 M]CI;L SOLU;N ( ? PRO#M ( ELIM9,N2 B ! RUL+ E?ICS1 :ILE P]MITT+ ! HUMAN WA/E1 W N P]MIT A HUMANE ELIM9,N ( T WA/E4 ,? P>ADOX DEMON/RATES ! IRRECONCILABIL;Y ( !ORETICAL E?ICS & 9DU/RIAL NE$4 ,& S ! TRAMP 2COMES SELF-ELIM9AT+4 ,& N ONLY SELF6 ,S9CE HE IS MANIFE/LY UNFIT = ?+S Z !Y >E1 & S9CE K9D IS PR"O 62GET K9D1 X IS NEC T 8 K9D C1SE ) HM1 T 8 PROG5Y % N BE1 T HE PLAY ! EUNU*'S "P 9 ? TW5TIE? C5TURY AF ,*RI/4 ,& HE PLAYS X4 ,HE DOES N BRE$4 ,/]IL;Y IS 8 POR;N1 Z X IS ! POR;N (! WOMAN ON ! /REET4 ,!Y MIREL ) !M IF !Y CUMB] \R HICASSES4 ,? IS A =M ( ELIM9,N WE N ONLY C.T5.E B -PEL4 ,"!=E LET U 2 *E];L & H"O/ AB X4 ,LET U 2 Z /R+5T Z WE PL1SE ) \R POLICE REGUL,NS1 B = GD;S' SAKE LET U REFRA9 F TELL+ ! TRAMP 6G 6"W4 ,N ONLY IS X UNK9D1 B X IS UNTRUE & HYPOCRITICAL4 ,WE "K "! IS NO "W = HM4 ,Z ! SCAPEGOAT 6\R ECONOMIC & 9DU/RIAL S9N+1 OR 6! PLAN ( ?+S1 IF Y W1 WE %D GIVE HM CR$IT4 ,LET U 2 J4 ,HE IS S MADE4 ,SOCIETY MADE HM4 ,HE DID N MAKE HMF4