,,*APT] ,,III3 ,,/RU7LE ,,=
                ,,EXI/;E
  ,2F 5T]+ ON ! SUBJECT ( ? *APT]1 ,I M/
MAKE A FEW PRELIM9>Y REM>KS1 6%[ H[ !
/RU7LE = EXI/;E BE>S ON ,NATURAL
,SELEC;N4 ,X HAS BE5 SE5 9 ! LA/ *APT] T
AM;G/ ORGANIC 2+S 9 A /ATE ( NATURE "!
IS "S 9DIVIDUAL V>IABIL;Y3 9DE$ ,I AM N
AW>E T ? HAS "E BE5 4PUT$4 ,X IS
IMMAT]IAL = U :E!R A MULTITUDE ( D\BT;L
=MS 2 CALL$ SPECIES OR SUB-SPECIES OR
V>IETIES2 :AT RANK1 = 9/.E1 ! TWO OR
?REE HUNDR$ D\BT;L =MS ( ,BRITI% PLANTS
>E 5TITL$ 6HOLD1 IF ! EXI/;E ( ANY WELL-
M>K$ V>IETIES 2 ADMITT$4 ,B ! M]E EXI/;E
( 9DIVIDUAL V>IABIL;Y &( "S FEW WELL-
M>K$ V>IETIES1 ?\< NEC Z ! F.D,N =! "W1
HELPS U B LL 9 "U/&+ H[ SPECIES >ISE 9
NATURE4 ,H[ H ALL ^? EXQUISITE ADAPT,NS
( "O "P (! ORGANIS,N 6ANO!R "P1 & 6!
3DI;NS ( LIFE1 &( "O ORGANIC 2+ 6ANO!R
2+1 BE5 P]FECT$8 ,WE SEE ^! B1UTI;L CO-
ADAPT,NS MO/ PLA9LY 9 ! WOODPECK] &!
MI/LETOE2 & ONLY A LL LESS PLA9LY 9 !
HUM#/ P>ASITE : CL+S 6! HAIRS (A
QUADRUP$ OR F1!RS (A BIRD2 9 ! /RUCTURE
(! BEETLE : DIVES "? ! WAT]2 9 ! PLUM$
SE$ : IS WAFT$ 0! G5TLE/ BREEZE2 9 %ORT1
WE SEE B1UTI;L ADAPT,NS "EY": & 9 E "P (
! ORGANIC _W4
  ,AG1 X MAY 2 ASK$1 H[ IS X T V>IETIES1
: ,I H CALL$ 9CIPI5T SPECIES1 2COME
ULTIMATELY 3V]T$ 96GD & 4T9CT SPECIES :
9 MO/ CASES OBVI\SLY DI6] F EA* O!R F> M
?AN D ! V>IETIES (! SAME SPECIES8 ,H[ D
^? GR\PS ( SPECIES1 : 3/ITUTE :AT >E
CALL$ 4T9CT G5]A1 & : DI6] F EA* O!R M
?AN D ! SPECIES (! SAME G5US1 >ISE8 ,ALL
^! RESULTS1 Z WE % M FULLY SEE 9 ! NEXT
*APT]1 FOLL[ F ! /RU7LE = LIFE4 ,[+ 6?
/RU7LE1 V>I,NS1 H["E SLI<T & F :AT"E
CAUSE PROCE$+1 IF !Y 2 9 ANY DEGREE
PR(ITA# 6! 9DIVIDUALS (A SPECIES1 9 _!
9F9ITELY -PLEX REL,NS 6O!R ORGANIC 2+S &
6_! PHYSICAL 3DI;NS ( LIFE1 W T5D 6!
PRES]V,N ( S* 9DIVIDUALS1 & W G5],Y 2
9H]IT$ 0! (FSPR+4 ,! (FSPR+1 AL1 W ?US H
A BETT] *.E ( SURVIV+1 =1 (! _M
9DIVIDUALS ( ANY SPECIES : >E P]IODIC,Y
BORN1 B A SMALL NUMB] C SURVIVE4 ,I H
CALL$ ? PR9CIPLE1 0: EA* SLI<T V>I,N1 IF
USE;L1 IS PRES]V$1 0! T]M ,NATURAL
,SELEC;N1 9 ORD] 6M>K XS REL,N 6MAN'S
P[] ( SELEC;N4 ,B ! EXPRES.N (T5 US$
0,MR4 ,H]B]T ,SP;ER (! ,SURVIVAL (!
,FITTE/ IS M A3URATE1 & IS "S"TS EQU,Y
3V5I5T4 ,WE H SE5 T MAN 0SELEC;N C
C]TA9LY PRODUCE GRT RESULTS1 & C ADAPT
ORGANIC 2+S 6HIS [N USES1 "? ! A3UMUL,N
( SLI<T B USE;L V>I,NS1 GIV5 6HM 0! H& (
,NATURE4 ,B ,NATURAL ,SELEC;N1 Z WE %
"HAF SEE1 IS A P[] 9CESSANTLY R1DY =
AC;N1 & IS Z IMM1SURABLY SUP]IOR 6MAN'S
FEE# EF=TS1 Z ! "WS ( ,NATURE >E 6^? (
,>T4
  ,WE W N[ 4CUSS 9 A LL M DETAIL !
/RU7LE = EXI/;E4 ,9 MY FUTURE "W ?
SUBJECT W 2 TR1T$1 Z X WELL DES]VES1 AT
GRT] L5G?4 ,! ELD] ,DE ,C&OLLE & ,LYELL
H L>GELY & PHILOSOPHIC,Y %[N T ALL
ORGANIC 2+S >E EXPOS$ 6SEV]E -PETI;N4 ,9
REG>D 6PLANTS1 NO "O HAS TR1T$ ? SUBJECT
) M _S & ABIL;Y ?AN ,W4 ,H]B]T1 ,D1N (
,MAN*E/]1 EVID5TLY ! RESULT ( 8 GRT
HORTICULTURAL K4 ,NO?+ IS EASI] ?AN
6ADMIT 9 ^WS ! TRU? (! UNIV]SAL /RU7LE =
LIFE1 OR M DI6ICULT- AT L1/ ,I H F.D X
S- ?AN 3/ANTLY 6BE> ? 3CLU.N 9 M9D4 ,YET
UN.S X 2 ?OR\<LY 5GRA9$ 9 ! M9D1 ! :OLE
ECONOMY ( NATURE1 ) E FACT ON 4TRIBU;N1
R>;Y1 ABUND.E1 EXT9C;N1 & V>I,N1 W 2
DIMLY SE5 OR Q MIS"U/OOD4 ,WE 2HOLD !
FACE ( NATURE B"R ) GLAD;S1 WE (T5 SEE
SUP]ABUND.E ( FOOD2 WE D N SEE OR WE
=GET1 T ! BIRDS : >E IDLY S++ R.D U
MO/LY LIVE ON 9SECTS OR SE$S1 & >E ?US
3/ANTLY DE/ROY+ LIFE2 OR WE =GET H[
L>GELY ^! S;G/]S1 OR _! E7S1 OR _!
NE/L+S1 >E DE/ROY$ 0BIRDS & B1/S ( PREY2
WE D N ALW BE> 9 M9D1 T1 ?\< FOOD MAY 2
N[ SUP]ABUNDANT1 X IS N S AT ALL S1SONS
( EA* RECURR+ YE>4
  ,! ,T]M1 ,/RU7LE = ,EXI/;E1 US$ 9 A
L>GE S5SE
  ,I %D PREMISE T ,I USE ? T]M 9 A L>GE
& METAPHORICAL S5SE 9CLUD+ DEP5D;E ( "O
2+ ON ANO!R1 & 9CLUD+ 7: IS M IMPORTANT7
N ONLY ! LIFE (! 9DIVIDUAL1 B SU3ESS 9
L1V+ PROG5Y4 ,TWO CAN9E ANIMALS1 9 A "T
( DE>? MAY 2 TRULY SD 6/RU7LE ) EA* O!R
: % GET FOOD & LIVE4 ,B A PLANT ON ! $GE
(A DES]T IS SD 6/RU7LE = LIFE AG/ !
DR"\1 ?\< M PROP]LY X %D 2 SD 6BE
DEP5D5T ON ! MOI/URE4 ,A PLANT : ANNU,Y
PRODUCES A ?\S& SE$S1 ( : ONLY "O ( AN
AV]AGE -ES 6MATUR;Y1 MAY 2 M TRULY SD
6/RU7LE )! PLANTS (! SAME & O!R K9DS :
ALR CLO! ! GR.D4 ,! MI/LETOE IS DEP5D5T
ON ! APPLE &A FEW O!R TREES1 B C ONLY 9
A F>-FET*$ S5SE 2 SD 6/RU7LE ) ^! TREES1
=1 IF TOO _M ( ^! P>ASITES GR[ ON ! SAME
TREE1 X LANGUI%ES & DIES4 ,B S"EAL SE$L+
MI/LETOES1 GR[+ CLOSE TGR ON ! SAME
BRAN*1 MAY M TRULY 2 SD 6/RU7LE ) EA*
O!R4 ,Z ! MI/LETOE IS 4SEM9AT$ 0BIRDS1
XS EXI/;E DEP5DS ON !M2 & X MAY
ME?ODIC,Y 2 SD 6/RU7LE ) O!R FRUIT-BE>+
PLANTS1 9 TEMPT+ ! BIRDS 6DEV\R & ?US
4SEM9ATE XS SE$S4 ,9 ^! S"EAL S5SES1 :
PASS 96EA* O!R1 ,I USE = 3V5I;E0' SAKE !
G5]AL T]M ( ,/RU7LE = ,EXI/;E4
  ,GEOMETRICAL ,RATIO ( ,9CR1SE
  ,A /RU7LE = EXI/;E 9EVITABLY FOLL[S F
! HI< RATE AT : ALL ORGANIC 2+S T5D
69CR1SE4 ,E 2+1 : DUR+ XS NATURAL LIFE"T
PRODUCES S"EAL E7S OR SE$S1 M/ SU6]
DE/RUC;N DUR+ "S P]IOD ( XS LIFE1 & DUR+
"S S1SON OR O3A.NAL YE>1 O!RWISE1 ON !
PR9CIPLE ( GEOMETRICAL 9CR1SE1 XS NUMB]S
WD QKLY 2COME S 9ORD9ATELY GRT T NO
C.TRY CD SUPPORT ! PRODUCT4 ,H;E1 Z M
9DIVIDUALS >E PRODUC$ ?AN C POSSIBLY
SURVIVE1 "! M/ 9 E CASE 2 A /RU7LE =
EXI/;E1 EI "O 9DIVIDUAL ) ANO!R (! SAME
SPECIES1 OR )! 9DIVIDUALS ( 4T9CT
SPECIES1 OR )! PHYSICAL 3DI;NS ( LIFE4
,X IS ! DOCTR9E ( ,MAL?US APPLI$ )
MANIFOLD =CE 6! :OLE ANIMAL & VEGETA#
K+DOMS2 = 9 ? CASE "! C 2 NO >TIFICIAL
9CR1SE ( FOOD1 & NO PRUD5TIAL RE/RA9T F
M>RIAGE4 ,AL? "S SPECIES MAY 2 N[
9CR1S+1 M OR LESS RAPIDLY1 9 NUMB]S1 ALL
_C D S1 =! _W WD N HOLD !M4
  ,"! IS NO EXCEP;N 6! RULE T E ORGANIC
2+ NATUR,Y 9CR1SES AT S HI< A RATE1 T1
IF N DE/ROY$1 ! E>? WD SOON 2 COV]$ 0!
PROG5Y (A S+LE PAIR4 ,EV5 SL[-BRE$+ MAN
HAS D\#D 9 TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 & AT ? RATE1
9 LESS ?AN A ?\S& YE>S1 "! WD LIT],Y N 2
/&+-ROOM = 8 PROG5Y4 ,L9NAEUS HAS
CALCULAT$ T IF AN ANNUAL PLANT PRODUC$
ONLY TWO SE$S- & "! IS NO PLANT S
UNPRODUCTIVE Z ?- & _! SE$L+S NEXT YE>
PRODUC$ TWO1 & S ON1 !N 9 TW5TY YE>S "!
%D 2 A MILLION PLANTS4 ,! ELEPHANT IS
RECKON$ ! SL[E/ BRE$] ( ALL "KN ANIMALS1
& ,I H TAK5 "S PA9S 6E/IMATE XS PROBA#
M9IMUM RATE ( NATURAL 9CR1SE2 X W 2
SAFE/ 6ASSUME T X 2G9S BRE$+ :5 ?IRTY
YE>S OLD1 & GOES ON BRE$+ TILL N9ETY
YE>S OLD1 BR++ =? SIX "Y 9 ! 9T]VAL1 &
SURVIV+ TILL "O HUNDR$ YE>S OLD2 IF ? 2
S1 AF A P]IOD ( F #GDJ 6#GEJ YE>S "! WD
2 NE>LY N9ETE5 MILLION ELEPHANTS ALIVE1
DESC5D$ F ! F/ PAIR4
  ,B WE H BETT] EVID;E ON ? SUBJECT ?AN
M]E !ORETICAL CALCUL,NS1 "NLY1 ! NUM]\S
RECORD$ CASES (! A/ONI%+LY RAPID 9CR1SE
( V>I\S ANIMALS 9 A /ATE ( NATURE1 :5
CIRCUM/.ES H BE5 FAV\RA# 6!M DUR+ TWO OR
?REE FOLL[+ S1SONS4 ,/ M /RIK+ IS !
EVID;E F \R DOME/IC ANIMALS ( _M K9DS :
H RUN WILD 9 S"EAL "PS (! _W2 IF !
/ATE;TS (! RATE ( 9CR1SE ( SL[-BRE$+
CATTLE & HORSES 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 &
LATT]LY 9 ,AU/RALIA1 _H N BE5 WELL
AU!NTICAT$1 !Y WD H BE5 9CR$I#4 ,S X IS
) PLANTS2 CASES CD 2 GIV5 ( 9TRODUC$
PLANTS : H 2COME -MON "?\T :OLE ISL&S 9
A P]IOD ( LESS ?AN T5 YE>S4 ,S"EAL (!
PLANTS1 S* Z ! C>DOON &A TALL ?I/LE1 :
>E N[ ! -MONE/ OV] ! :OLE PLA9S ( ,LA
,PLATA1 CLO?+ SQU>E L1GUES ( SURFACE ALM
6! EXCLU.N ( E O!R PLANT1 H BE5 9TRODUC$
F ,EUROPE2 & "! >E PLANTS : N[ RANGE 9
,9DIA1 Z ,I HE> F ,DR4 ,FALCON]1 F ,CAPE
,-OR9 6! ,HIMALAYA1 : H BE5 IMPORT$ F
,AM]ICA S9CE XS 4COV]Y4 ,9 S* CASES1 &
5D.S O!RS CD 2 GIV51 NO "O SUPPOSES T !
F]TIL;Y (! ANIMALS OR PLANTS HAS BE5
SU45LY & TEMPOR>ILY 9CR1S$ 9 ANY S5SI#
DEGREE4 ,! OBVI\S EXPLAN,N IS T ! 3DI;NS
( LIFE H BE5 HI<LY FAV\RA#1 & T "! HAS
3SEQU5TLY BE5 LESS DE/RUC;N (! OLD & "Y1
& T NE>LY ALL ! "Y H BE5 5A#D 6BRE$4 ,_!
GEOMETRICAL RATIO ( 9CR1SE1 ! RESULT ( :
N"E FAILS 6BE SURPRIS+1 SIMPLY EXPLA9S
_! EXTRAORD9>ILY RAPID 9CR1SE & WIDE
DI6U.N 9 _! NEW HOMES4
  ,9 A /ATE ( NATURE ALM E FULL-GR[N
PLANT ANNU,Y PRODUCES SE$1 & AM;G/
ANIMALS "! >E V FEW : D N ANNU,Y PAIR4
,H;E WE MAY 3FID5TLY ASS]T1 T ALL PLANTS
& ANIMALS >E T5D+ 69CR1SE AT A
GEOMETRICAL RATIO1- T ALL WD RAPIDLY
/OCK E /,N 9 : !Y CD ANYH[ EXI/1- & T ?
GEOMETRICAL T5D5CY 69CR1SE M/4 2 *ECK$
0DE/RUC;N AT "S P]IOD ( LIFE4 ,\R
FAMILI>;Y )! L>G] DOME/IC ANIMALS T5DS1
,I ?9K1 6MISL1D U3 WE SEE NO GRT
DE/RUC;N FALL+ ON !M1 B WE D N KEEP 9
M9D T ?\S&S >E ANNU,Y SLAU<T]$ = FOOD1 &
T 9 A /ATE ( NATURE AN EQUAL NUMB] WD H
"SH[ 6BE 4POS$ (4
  ,! ONLY DI6];E 2T ORGANISMS : ANNU,Y
PRODUCE E7S OR SE$S 0! ?\S&1 & ^? :
PRODUCE EXTREMELY FEW1 IS1 T ! SL[-
BRE$]S WD REQUIRE A FEW M YE>S 6P1 "U
FAV\RA# 3DI;NS1 A :OLE 4TRICT1 LET X 2
"E S L>GE4 ,! 3DOR LAYS A C\PLE ( E7S &!
O/RI* A SCORE1 & YET 9 ! SAME C.TRY !
3DOR MAY 2 ! M NUM]\S (! TWO2 ! ,FULM>
PETREL LAYS B "O EGG1 YET X IS 2LIEV$
6BE ! MO/ NUM]\S BIRD 9 ! _W4 ,"O FLY
DEPOSITS HUNDR$S ( E7S1 & ANO!R1 L !
HIPPOBOSCA1 A S+LE "O2 B ? DI6];E DOES N
DET]M9E H[ _M 9DIVIDUALS (! TWO SPECIES
C 2 SUPPORT$ 9 A 4TRICT4 ,A L>GE NUMB] (
E7S IS ( "S IMPORT.E 6^? SPECIES : DEP5D
ON A FLUCTUAT+ AM.T ( FOOD1 = X ALL[S !M
RAPIDLY 69CR1SE 9 NUMB]4 ,B ! R1L
IMPORT.E (A L>GE NUMB] ( E7S OR SE$S IS
6MAKE UP = M* DE/RUC;N AT "S P]IOD (
LIFE2 & ? P]IOD 9 ! GRT MAJOR;Y ( CASES
IS AN E>LY "O4 ,IF AN ANIMAL C 9 ANY WAY
PROTECT XS [N E7S OR "Y1 A SMALL NUMB]
MAY 2 PRODUC$1 & YET ! AV]AGE /OCK 2
FULLY KEPT UP2 B IF _M E7S OR "Y >E
DE/ROY$1 _M M/ 2 PRODUC$1 OR ! SPECIES W
2COME EXT9CT4 ,X WD SU6ICE 6KEEP UP !
FULL NUMB] (A TREE1 : LIV$ ON AN AV]AGE
=A ?\S& YE>S1 IF A S+LE SE$ 7 PRODUC$
ONCE 9 A ?\S& YE>S1 SUPPOS+ T ? SE$ 7
N"E DE/ROY$1 & CD 2 5SUR$ 6G]M9ATE 9 A
FITT+ PLACE4 ,S T1 9 ALL CASES1 ! AV]AGE
NUMB] ( ANY ANIMAL OR PLANT DEP5DS ONLY
9DIRECTLY ON ! NUMB] ( XS E7S OR SE$S4
  ,9 LOOK+ AT ,NATURE1 X IS MO/ NEC
6KEEP ! =EGO+ 3SID],NS ALW 9 M9D- N"E
6=GET T E S+LE ORGANIC 2+ MAY 2 SD 6BE
/RIV+ 6! UTMO/ 69CR1SE 9 NUMB]S2 T EA*
LIVES 0A /RU7LE AT "S P]IOD ( XS LIFE2 T
H1VY DE/RUC;N 9EVITABLY FALLS EI ON ! "Y
OR OLD1 DUR+ EA* G5],N OR AT RECURR5T
9T]VALS4 ,LI<T5 ANY *EEK1 MITIGATE !
DE/RUC;N "E S LL1 &! NUMB] (! SPECIES W
ALM 9/ANTANE\SLY 9CR1SE 6ANY AM.T4
  ,NATURE (! ,*ECKS 6,9CR1SE
  ,! CAUSES : *EEK ! NATURAL T5D5CY (
EA* SPECIES 69CR1SE >E MO/ OBSCURE4
,LOOK AT ! MO/ VIGOR\S SPECIES2 0Z M* Z
X SW>MS 9 NUMB]S1 0S M* W X T5D 69CR1SE
/ FUR!R4 ,WE "K N EXACTLY :AT ! *ECKS >E
EV5 9 A S+LE 9/.E4 ,NOR W ? SURPRISE ANY
"O :O REFLECTS H[ IGNORANT WE >E ON ?
H1D1 EV5 9 REG>D 6MANK9D1 AL? S
9COMP>ABLY BETT] "KN ?AN ANY O!R ANIMAL4
,? SUBJECT (! *ECKS 69CR1SE HAS BE5 ABLY
TR1T$ 0S"EAL AU?ORS1 & ,I HOPE 9 A
FUTURE "W 64CUSS X AT 3SID]A# L5G?1 M
ESPECI,Y 9 REG>D 6! F]AL ANIMALS ( ,S\?
,AM]ICA4 ,"H ,I W MAKE ONLY A FEW
REM>KS1 J 6RECALL 6! R1D]'S M9D "S (!
*IEF PO9TS4 ,E7S OR V "Y ANIMALS SEEM
G5],Y 6SU6] MO/1 B ? IS N 9V>IABLY !
CASE4 ,) PLANTS "! IS A VA/ DE/RUC;N (
SE$S1 B1 F "S OBS]V,NS : ,I H MADE1 X
APPE>S T ! SE$L+S SU6] MO/ F G]M9AT+ 9
GR.D ALR ?ICKLY /OCK$ ) O!R PLANTS4
,SE$L+S1 AL1 >E DE/ROY$ 9 VA/ NUMB]S
0V>I\S 5EMIES2 = 9/.E1 ON A PIECE ( GR.D
?REE FEET L;G & TWO WIDE1 DUG & CLE>$1 &
": "! CD 2 NO *OK+ F O!R PLANTS1 ,I M>K$
ALL ! SE$L+S ( \R NATIVE WE$S Z !Y CAME
UP1 & \ ( #CEG NO LESS ?AN #BIE 7
DE/ROY$1 *IEFLY 0SLUGS & 9SECTS4 ,IF
TURF : HAS L;G BE5 M[N1 &! CASE WD 2 !
SAME ) TURF CLOSELY BR[S$ 0QUADRUP$S1 2
LET 6GR[1 ! M VIGOR\S PLANTS GRADU,Y
KILL ! LESS VIGOR\S1 ?\< FULLY GR[N
PLANTS2 ?US \ ( TW5TY SPECIES GR[+ ON A
LL PLOT ( M[N TURF 7?REE FEET 0F\R7 N9E
SPECIES P]I%$1 F ! O!R SPECIES 2+ ALL[$
6GR[ UP FREELY4
  ,! AM.T ( FOOD = EA* SPECIES ( C\RSE
GIVES ! EXTREME LIMIT 6: EA* C 9CR1SE2 B
V FREQU5TLY X IS N ! OBTA9+ FOOD1 B !
S]V+ Z PREY 6O!R ANIMALS1 : DET]M9ES !
AV]AGE NUMB]S (A SPECIES4 ,?US1 "! SEEMS
6BE LL D\BT T ! /OCK ( "PRIDGES1 GR\SE1
& H>ES ON ANY L>GE E/ATE DEP5DS *IEFLY
ON ! DE/RUC;N ( V]M94 ,IF N "O H1D (
GAME 7 %OT DUR+ ! NEXT TW5TY YE>S 9
,5GL&1 &1 AT ! SAME "T1 IF NO V]M9 7
DE/ROY$1 "! WD1 9 ALL PROBABIL;Y1 2 LESS
GAME ?AN AT PRES5T1 AL? HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S
( GAME ANIMALS >E N[ ANNU,Y %OT4 ,ON !
O!R H&1 9 "S CASES1 Z )! ELEPHANT1 N"O
>E DE/ROY$ 0B1/S ( PREY2 = EV5 ! TIG] 9
,9DIA MO/ R>ELY D>ES 6ATTACK A "Y
ELEPHANT PROTECT$ 0XS DAM4
  ,CLIMATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT "P 9
DET]M9+ ! AV]AGE NUMB] (A SPECIES1 &
P]IODICAL S1SONS ( EXTREME COLD OR DR"\
SEEM 6BE ! MO/ E6ECTIVE ( ALL *ECKS4 ,I
E/IMAT$ 7*IEFLY F ! GRTLY REDUC$ NUMB]S
( NE/S 9 ! SPR+7 T ! W9T] ( #AHED-E
DE/ROY$ F\R-FIF?S (! BIRDS 9 MY [N
GR.DS2 & ? IS A TREM5D\S DE/RUC;N1 :5 WE
REMEMB] T T5 P] C5T IS AN EXTRAORD9>ILY
SEV]E MORTAL;Y F EPIDEMICS ) MAN4 ,!
AC;N ( CLIMATE SEEMS AT F/ SI<T 6BE Q
9DEP5D5T (! /RU7LE = EXI/;E2 B 9 S F> Z
CLIMATE *IEFLY ACTS 9 REDUC+ FOOD1 X
BR+S ON ! MO/ SEV]E /RU7LE 2T !
9DIVIDUALS1 :E!R (! SAME OR ( 4T9CT
SPECIES1 : SUBSI/ ON ! SAME K9D ( FOOD4
,EV5 :5 CLIMATE1 = 9/.E1 EXTREME COLD1
ACTS DIRECTLY1 X W 2 ! L1/ VIGOR\S
9DIVIDUALS1 OR ^? : H GOT L1/ FOOD "? !
ADVANC+ W9T]1 : W SU6] MO/4 ,:5 WE
TRAVEL F S\? 6NOR?1 OR F A DAMP REGION
6A DRY1 WE 9V>IABLY SEE "S SPECIES
GRADU,Y GETT+ R>] & R>]1 & F9,Y 4APPE>+2
&! *ANGE ( CLIMATE 2+ 3SPICU\S1 WE >E
TEMPT$ 6ATTRIBUTE ! :OLE E6ECT 6XS
DIRECT AC;N4 ,B ? IS A FALSE VIEW2 WE
=GET T EA* SPECIES1 EV5 ": X MO/ AB.DS1
IS 3/ANTLY SU6]+ ENORM\S DE/RUC;N AT "S
P]IOD ( XS LIFE1 F 5EMIES OR F -PETITORS
=! SAME PLACE & FOOD2 & IF ^! 5EMIES OR
-PETITORS 2 9 ! L1/ DEGREE FAV\R$ 0ANY
SLI<T *ANGE ( CLIMATE1 !Y W 9CR1SE 9
NUMB]S2 & Z EA* >EA IS ALR FULLY /OCK$ )
9HABITANTS1 ! O!R SPECIES M/ DECR1SE4
,:5 WE TRAVEL S\?W>D & SEE A SPECIES
DECR1S+ 9 NUMB]S1 WE MAY FEEL SURE T !
CAUSE LIES Q Z M* 9 O!R SPECIES 2+
FAV\R$1 Z 9 ? "O 2+ HURT4 ,S X IS :5 WE
TRAVEL NOR?W>D1 B 9 A "S:AT LESS]
DEGREE1 =! NUMB] ( SPECIES ( ALL K9DS1 &
"!=E ( -PETITORS1 DECR1SES NOR?W>DS2 H;E
9 GO+ NOR?W>DS1 OR 9 ASC5D+ A M.TA91 WE
F> (T5] MEET ) /UNT$ =MS1 DUE 6!
DIRECTLY 9JURI\S AC;N ( CLIMATE1 ?AN WE
D 9 PROCE$+ S\?W>DS OR 9 DESC5D+ A
M.TA94 ,:5 WE R1* ! >CTIC REGIONS1 OR
SN[CAPP$ SUMMITS1 OR ABSOLUTE DES]TS1 !
/RU7LE = LIFE IS ALM EXCLUSIVELY )!
ELE;TS4
  ,T CLIMATE ACTS 9 MA9 "P 9DIRECTLY
0FAV\R+ O!R SPECIES1 WE CLE>LY SEE 9 !
PRODIGI\S NUMB] ( PLANTS : 9 \R G>D5S C
P]FECTLY WELL 5DURE \R CLIMATE1 B : N"E
2COME NATURALIS$1 = !Y _C -PETE ) \R
NATIVE PLANTS NOR RESI/ DE/RUC;N 0\R
NATIVE ANIMALS4
  ,:5 A SPECIES1 [+ 6HI<LY FAV\RA#
CIRCUM/.ES1 9CR1SES 9ORD9ATELY 9 NUMB]S
9 A SMALL TRACT1 EPIDEMICS- AT L1/1 ?
SEEMS G5],Y 6O3UR ) \R GAME ANIMALS- (T5
5SUE2 & "H WE H A LIMIT+ *ECK 9DEP5D5T (
! /RU7LE = LIFE4 ,B EV5 "S ( ^! S-CALL$
EPIDEMICS APPE> 6BE DUE 6P>ASITIC WORMS1
: H F "S CAUSE1 POSSIBLY 9 "P "? FACIL;Y
( DI6U.N AM;G/ ! CR[D$ ANIMALS1 BE5
4PROPOR;N,Y FAV\R$3 & "H -ES 9 A SORT (
/RU7LE 2T ! P>ASITE & XS PREY4
  ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 _M CASES1 A L>GE /OCK
( 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME SPECIES1 RELATIVELY
6! NUMB]S ( XS 5EMIES1 IS ABSOLUTELY NEC
= XS PRES]V,N4 ,?US WE C EASILY RAISE
PL5TY ( CORN & RAPE-SE$1 &C41 9 \R
FIELDS1 2C ! SE$S >E 9 GRT EXCESS -P>$ )
! NUMB] ( BIRDS : FE$ ON !M2 NOR C !
BIRDS1 ?\< HAV+ A SUP]-ABUND.E ( FOOD AT
? "O S1SON1 9CR1SE 9 NUMB] PROPOR;N,Y 6!
SUPPLY ( SE$1 Z _! NUMB]S >E *ECK$ DUR+
! W9T]2 B ANY "O :O HAS TRI$1 "KS H[
TR\#"S X IS 6GET SE$ F A FEW :1T OR O!R
S* PLANTS 9 A G>D53 ,I H 9 ? CASE LO/ E
S+LE SE$4 ,? VIEW (! NECESS;Y (A L>GE
/OCK (! SAME SPECIES = XS PRES]V,N1
EXPLA9S1 ,I 2LIEVE1 "S S+UL> FACTS 9
NATURE1 S* Z T ( V R>E PLANTS 2+ "S"TS
EXTREMELY ABUNDANT1 9 ! FEW SPOTS ": !Y
D EXI/2 & T ( "S SOCIAL PLANTS 2+
SOCIAL1 T IS AB.D+ 9 9DIVIDUALS1 EV5 ON
! EXTREME V]GE ( _! RANGE4 ,= 9 S*
CASES1 WE MAY 2LIEVE1 T A PLANT CD EXI/
ONLY ": ! 3DI;NS ( XS LIFE 7 S FAV\RA# T
_M CD EXI/ TGR1 & ?US SAVE ! SPECIES F
UTT] DE/RUC;N4 ,I %D ADD T ! GD E6ECTS (
9T]CROSS+1 &! ILL E6ECTS ( CLOSE
9T]BRE$+1 NO D\BT -E 96PLAY 9 _M ( ^!
CASES2 B ,I W N "H 5L>GE ON ? SUBJECT4
  ,-PLEX ,REL,NS ( ALL ,ANIMALS &
,PLANTS 6EA* O!R 9 ! ,/RU7LE = ,EXI/;E
  ,_M CASES >E ON RECORD %[+ H[ -PLEX &
UNEXPECT$ >E ! *ECKS & REL,NS 2T ORGANIC
2+S1 : H 6/RU7LE TGR 9 ! SAME C.TRY4 ,I
W GIVE ONLY A S+LE 9/.E1 :1 ?\< A SIMPLE
"O1 9T]E/$ ME4 ,9 ,/AF=D%IRE1 ON ! E/ATE
(A REL,N1 ": ,I _H AMPLE M1NS (
9VE/IG,N1 "! 0 A L>GE & EXTREMELY B>R5
H1?1 : _H N"E BE5 T\*$ 0! H& ( MAN2 B
S"EAL HUNDR$ ACRES ( EXACTLY ! SAME
NATURE _H BE5 5CLOS$ TW5TY-FIVE YE>S
PREVI\SLY & PLANT$ ) ,SCOT* FIR4 ,!
*ANGE 9 ! NATIVE VEGET,N (! PLANT$ "P (!
H1? 0 MO/ REM>KA#1 M ?AN IS G5],Y SE5 9
PASS+ F "O Q DI6]5T SOIL 6ANO!R3 N ONLY
! PROPOR;NAL NUMB]S (! H1?-PLANTS 7
:OLLY *ANG$1 B TWELVE SPECIES ( PLANTS
7N C.T+ GRASSES & C>ICES7 FL\RI%$ 9 !
PLANT,NS1 : CD N 2 F.D ON ! H1?4 ,!
E6ECT ON ! 9SECTS M/ H BE5 / GRT]1 = SIX
9SECTIVOR\S BIRDS 7 V -MON 9 ! PLANT,NS1
: 7 N 6BE SE5 ON ! H1?2 &! H1? 0
FREQU5T$ 0TWO OR ?REE 4T9CT 9SECTIVOR\S
BIRDS4 ,"H WE SEE H[ POT5T HAS BE5 !
E6ECT (! 9TRODUC;N (A S+LE TREE1 NO?+
:AT"E ELSE HAV+ BE5 D"O1 )! EXCEP;N (!
L& HAV+ BE5 5CLOS$1 S T CATTLE CD N 5T]4
,B H[ IMPORTANT AN ELE;T 5CLOSURE IS1 ,I
PLA9LY SAW NE> ,F>NHAM1 9 ,SURREY4 ,"H
"! >E EXT5SIVE H1?S1 )A FEW CLUMPS ( OLD
,SCOT* FIRS ON ! 4TANT HILLTOPS3 )9 !
LA/ T5 YE>S L>GE SPACES H BE5 5CLOS$1 &
SELF-S[N FIRS >E N[ SPR++ UP 9
MULTITUDES1 S CLOSE TGR T ALL _C LIVE4
,:5 ,I ASC]TA9$ T ^! "Y TREES _H N BE5
S[N OR PLANT$1 ,I 0 S M* SURPRIS$ AT _!
NUMB]S T ,I W5T 6S"EAL PO9TS ( VIEW1 :;E
,I CD EXAM9E HUNDR$S ( ACRES (! UN5CLOS$
H1?1 & LIT],Y ,I CD N SEE A S+LE ,SCOT*
FIR1 EXCEPT ! OLD PLANT$ CLUMPS4 ,B ON
LOOK+ CLOSELY 2T ! /EMS (! H1?1 ,I F.D A
MULTITUDE ( SE$L+S & LL TREES : _H BE5
P]PETU,Y BR[S$ D[N 0! CATTLE4 ,9 "O
SQU>E Y>D1 AT A PO9T "S HUNDR$ Y>DS
4TANT F "O (! OLD CLUMPS1 ,I C.T$ ?IRTY-
TWO LL TREES2 & "O ( !M1 ) TW5TY-SIX R+S
( GR[?1 _H1 DUR+ _M YE>S1 TRI$ 6RAISE XS
H1D ABV ! /EMS (! H1?1 & _H FAIL$4 ,NO
WOND] T1 Z SOON Z ! L& 0 5CLOS$1 X 2CAME
?ICKLY CLO!D ) VIGOR\SLY GR[+ "Y FIRS4
,YET ! H1? 0 S EXTREMELY B>R5 & S
EXT5SIVE T NO "O WD "E H IMAG9$ T CATTLE
WD H S CLOSELY & E6ECTU,Y SE>*$ X =
FOOD4
  ,"H WE SEE T CATTLE ABSOLUTELY DET]M9E
! EXI/;E (! ,SCOT* FIR2 B 9 S"EAL "PS (!
_W 9SECTS DET]M9E ! EXI/;E ( CATTLE4
,P]H ,P>AGUAY (F]S ! MO/ CURI\S 9/.E (
?2 = "H NEI CATTLE NOR HORSES NOR DOGS H
"E RUN WILD1 ?\< !Y SW>M S\?W>D &
NOR?W>D 9 A F]AL /ATE2 & ,AZ>A & ,R57] H
%[N T ? IS CAUS$ 0! GRT] NUMB] 9
,P>AGUAY (A C]TA9 FLY1 : LAYS XS E7S 9 !
NAVELS ( ^! ANIMALS :5 F/ BORN4 ,!
9CR1SE ( ^! FLIES1 NUM]\S Z !Y >E1 M/ 2
HABITU,Y *ECK$ 0"S M1NS1 PROBABLY 0O!R
P>ASITIC 9SECTS4 ,H;E1 IF C]TA9
9SECTIVOR\S BIRDS 7 6DECR1SE 9 ,P>AGUAY1
! P>ASITIC 9SECTS WD PROBABLY 9CR1SE2 &
? WD LESS5 ! NUMB] (! NAVEL-FREQU5T+
FLIES- !N CATTLE & HORSES WD 2COME F]AL1
& ? WD C]TA9LY GRTLY ALT] 7Z 9DE$ ,I H
OBS]V$ 9 "PS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA7 ! VEGET,N3
? AG WD L>GELY A6ECT ! 9SECTS2 & ?1 Z WE
H J SE5 9 ,/AF=D%IRE1 ! 9SECTIVOR\S
BIRDS1 & S ONW>DS 9 "E-9CR1S+ CIRCLES (
-PLEX;Y4 ,N T "U NATURE ! REL,NS W "E 2
Z SIMPLE Z ?4 ,BATTLE )9 BATTLE M/ 2
3T9U,Y RECURR+ ) V>Y+ SU3ESS2 & YET 9 !
L;G RUN ! =CES >E S NICELY BAL.ED1 T !
FACE ( NATURE REMA9S = L;G P]IODS ( "T
UNI=M1 ?\< ASSUR$LY ! M]E/ TRIFLE WD
GIVE ! VICTORY 6"O ORGANIC 2+ OV] ANO!R4
,N"E!.S1 S PROF.D IS \R IGNOR.E1 & S HI<
\R PRESUMP;N1 T WE M>VEL :5 WE HE> (!
EXT9C;N ( AN ORGANIC 2+2 & Z WE D N SEE
! CAUSE1 WE 9VOKE CATACLYSMS 6DESOLATE !
_W1 OR 9V5T LAWS ON ! DUR,N (! =MS (
LIFE6
  ,I AM TEMPT$ 6GIVE "O M 9/.E %[+ H[
PLANTS & ANIMALS REMOTE 9 ! SCALE (
NATURE1 >E B.D TGR 0A WEB ( -PLEX
REL,NS4 ,I % "HAF H O3A.N 6%[ T ! EXOTIC
,LOBELIA FULG5S IS N"E VISIT$ 9 MY G>D5
09SECTS1 & 3SEQU5TLY1 F XS PECULI>
/RUCTURE1 N"E SETS A SE$4 ,NE>LY ALL \R
OR*IDACE\S PLANTS ABSOLUTELY REQUIRE !
VISITS ( 9SECTS 6REMOVE _! POLL5-MASSES
& ?US 6F]TILISE !M4 ,I F9D F EXP]I;TS T
HUM#-BEES >E ALM 9DISP5SA# 6! F]TILIS,N
(! HE>TSEASE 7,VIOLA TRICOLOR71 = O!R
BEES D N VISIT ? FL[]4 ,I H AL F.D T !
VISITS ( BEES >E NEC =! F]TILIS,N ( "S
K9DS ( CLOV]2 = 9/.E1 #IJ H1DS ( ,DUT*
CLOV] 7,TRIFOLIUM REP5S7 YIELD$ #B1BIJ
SE$S1 B #BJ O!R H1DS PROTECT$ F BEES
PRODUC$ N "O4 ,AG1 #AJJ H1DS ( R$ CLOV]
7,T4 PRAT5SE7 PRODUC$ #B1GJJ SE$S1 B !
SAME NUMB] ( PROTECT$ H1DS PRODUC$ N A
S+LE SE$4 ,HUM#-BEES AL"O VISIT R$
CLOV]1 Z O!R BEES _C R1* ! NECT>4 ,X HAS
BE5 SU7E/$ T MO?S MAY F]TILISE ! CLOV]S2
B ,I D\BT :E!R !Y CD D S 9 ! CASE (! R$
CLOV]1 F _! WEI<T N 2+ SU6ICI5T 6DEPRESS
! W+ PETALS4 ,H;E WE MAY 9F] Z HI<LY
PROBA# T1 IF ! :OLE G5US ( HUM#-BEES
2CAME EXT9CT OR V R>E 9 ,5GL&1 !
HE>TSEASE & R$ CLOV] WD 2COME V R>E1 OR
:OLLY 4APPE>4 ,! NUMB] ( HUM#-BEES 9 ANY
4TRICT DEP5DS 9 A GRT M1SURE ^U ! NUMB]
( FIELD-MICE1 : DE/ROY _! -BS & NE/S2 &
,COL4 ,NEWMAN1 :O HAS L;G ATT5D$ 6!
HABITS ( HUM#-BEES1 2LIEVES T 8M ?AN
TWO-?IRDS ( !M >E ?US DE/ROY$ ALL OV]
,5GL&40 ,N[ ! NUMB] ( MICE IS L>GELY
DEP5D5T1 Z E "O "KS1 ON ! NUMB] ( CATS2
& ,COL4 ,NEWMAN SAYS1 8,NE> VILLAGES &
SMALL T[NS ,I H F.D ! NE/S ( HUM#-BEES M
NUM]\S ?AN ELSE":1 : ,I ATTRIBUTE 6!
NUMB] ( CATS T DE/ROY ! MICE40 ,H;E X IS
Q CR$I# T ! PRES;E (A FEL9E ANIMAL 9
L>GE NUMB]S 9 A 4TRICT MI<T DET]M9E1 "?
! 9T]V5;N F/ ( MICE & !N ( BEES1 !
FREQU5CY ( C]TA9 FL[]S 9 T 4TRICT6
  ,9 ! CASE ( E SPECIES1 _M DI6]5T
*ECKS1 ACT+ AT DI6]5T P]IODS ( LIFE1 &
DUR+ DI6]5T S1SONS OR YE>S1 PROBABLY -E
96PLAY2 "S "O *ECK OR "S FEW 2+ G5],Y !
MO/ POT5T2 B ALL W 3CUR 9 DET]M9+ !
AV]AGE NUMB] OR EV5 ! EXI/;E (! SPECIES4
,9 "S CASES X C 2 %[N T WIDELY-DI6]5T
*ECKS ACT ON ! SAME SPECIES 9 DI6]5T
4TRICTS4 ,:5 WE LOOK AT ! PLANTS & BU%ES
CLO?+ AN 5TANGL$ BANK1 WE >E TEMPT$
6ATTRIBUTE _! PROPOR;NAL NUMB]S & K9DS
6:AT WE CALL *.E4 ,B H[ FALSE A VIEW IS
?6 ,E "O HAS HE>D T :5 AN ,AM]ICAN =E/
IS CUT D[N A V DI6]5T VEGET,N SPR+S UP2
B X HAS BE5 OBS]V$ T ANCI5T ,9DIAN RU9S
9 ! S\!RN ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 : M/ =M]LY H
BE5 CLE>$ ( TREES1 N[ 4PLAY ! SAME
B1UTI;L DIV]S;Y & PROPOR;N ( K9DS Z 9 !
SURR.D+ VIRG9 =E/4 ,:AT A /RU7LE M/ H
G"O ON DUR+ L;G C5TURIES 2T ! S"EAL K9DS
( TREES EA* ANNU,Y SCATT]+ XS SE$S 0!
?\S&2 :AT W> 2T 9SECT & 9SECT- 2T
9SECTS1 SNAILS1 & O!R ANIMALS ) BIRDS &
B1/S ( PREY- ALL /RIV+ 69CR1SE1 ALL FE$+
ON EA* O!R1 OR ON ! TREES1 _! SE$S &
SE$L+S1 OR ON ! O!R PLANTS : F/ CLO!D !
GR.D & ?US *ECK$ ! GR[? (! TREES6 ,?R[
UP A H&;L ( F1!RS1 & ALL FALL 6! GR.D AC
6DEF9ITE LAWS2 B H[ SIMPLE IS ! PRO#M ":
EA* % FALL -P>$ 6T (! AC;N & REAC;N (!
9NUM]A# PLANTS & ANIMALS : H DET]M9$1 9
! C\RSE ( C5TURIES1 ! PROPOR;NAL NUMB]S
& K9DS ( TREES N[ GR[+ ON ! OLD ,9DIAN
RU9S6
  ,! DEP5D5CY ( "O ORGANIC 2+ ON ANO!R1
Z (A P>ASITE ON XS PREY1 LIES G5],Y 2T
2+S REMOTE 9 ! SCALE ( NATURE4 ,? IS
LIKEWISE "S"TS ! CASE ) ^? : MAY 2
/RICTLY SD 6/RU7LE ) EA* O!R = EXI/;E1 Z
9 ! CASE ( LOCU/S & GRASS-FE$+
QUADRUP$S4 ,B ! /RU7LE W ALM 9V>IABLY 2
MO/ SEV]E 2T ! 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME
SPECIES1 = !Y FREQU5T ! SAME 4TRICTS1
REQUIRE ! SAME FOOD1 & >E EXPOS$ 6! SAME
DANG]S4 ,9 ! CASE ( V>IETIES (! SAME
SPECIES1 ! /RU7LE W G5],Y 2 ALM EQU,Y
SEV]E1 & WE "S"TS SEE ! 3TE/ SOON
DECID$3 = 9/.E1 IF S"EAL V>IETIES ( :1T
2 S[N TGR1 &! MIX$ SE$ 2 RES[N1 "S (!
V>IETIES : BE/ SUIT ! SOIL OR CLIMATE1
OR >E NATUR,Y ! MO/ F]TILE1 W B1T ! O!RS
& S YIELD M SE$1 & W 3SEQU5TLY 9 A FEW
YE>S SUPPLANT ! O!R V>IETIES4 ,6KEEP UP
A MIX$ /OCK ( EV5 S* EXTREMELY CLOSE
V>IETIES Z ! V>I\SLY-COL\R$ SWEET P1S1
!Y M/ 2 EA* YE> H>VE/$ SEP>ATELY1 &! SE$
!N MIX$ 9 DUE PROPOR;N1 O!RWISE ! W1K]
K9DS W /1DILY DECR1SE 9 NUMB] & 4APPE>4
,S AG )! V>IETIES ( %EEP2 X HAS BE5
ASS]T$ T C]TA9 M.TA9-V>IETIES W />VE \
O!R M.TA9-V>IETIES1 S T !Y _C 2 KEPT
TGR4 ,! SAME RESULT HAS FOLL[$ F KEEP+
TGR DI6]5T V>IETIES (! M$IC9AL LEE*4 ,X
MAY EV5 2 D\BT$ :E!R ! V>IETIES ( ANY (
\R DOME/IC PLANTS OR ANIMALS H S EXACTLY
! SAME /R5G?1 HABITS1 & 3/ITU;N1 T !
ORIG9AL PROPOR;NS (A MIX$ /OCK 7CROSS+
2+ PREV5T$7 CD 2 KEPT UP = HALF-A-DOZ5
G5],NS1 IF !Y 7 ALL[$ 6/RU7LE TGR1 9 !
SAME MANN] Z 2+S 9 A /ATE ( NATURE1 & IF
! SE$ OR "Y 7 N ANNU,Y PRES]V$ 9 DUE
PROPOR;N4
  ,/RU7LE = ,LIFE MO/ SEV]E 2T
,9DIVIDUALS & ,V>IETIES (! SAME ,SPECIES
  ,Z ! SPECIES (! SAME G5US USU,Y H1 ?\<
0NO M1NS 9V>IABLY1 M* SIMIL>;Y 9 HABITS
& 3/ITU;N1 & ALW 9 /RUCTURE1 ! /RU7LE W
G5],Y 2 M SEV]E 2T !M1 IF !Y -E 96-
PETI;N ) EA* O!R1 ?AN 2T ! SPECIES (
4T9CT G5]A4 ,WE SEE ? 9 ! REC5T EXT5.N
OV] "PS (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( "O SPECIES (
SWALL[ HAV+ CAUS$ ! DECR1SE ( ANO!R
SPECIES4 ,! REC5T 9CR1SE (! MISSEL-?RU%
9 "PS ( ,SCOTL& HAS CAUS$ ! DECR1SE (!
S;G-?RU%4 ,H[ FREQU5TLY WE HE> ( "O
SPECIES ( RAT TAK+ ! PLACE ( ANO!R
SPECIES "U ! MO/ DI6]5T CLIMATES6 ,9
,RUSSIA ! SMALL ,ASIATIC COCKROA* HAS
"EY": DRIV5 2F X XS GRT 3G5]4 ,9
,AU/RALIA ! IMPORT$ HIVE-BEE IS RAPIDLY
EXT]M9AT+ ! SMALL1 /+.S NATIVE BEE4 ,"O
SPECIES ( *>LOCK HAS BE5 "KN 6SUPPLANT
ANO!R SPECIES2 & S 9 O!R CASES4 ,WE C
DIMLY SEE :Y ! -PETI;N %D 2 MO/ SEV]E 2T
ALLI$ =MS1 : FILL NE>LY ! SAME PLACE 9 !
ECONOMY ( NATURE2 B PROBABLY 9 NO "O
CASE CD WE PRECISELY SAY :Y "O SPECIES
HAS BE5 VICTORI\S OV] ANO!R 9 ! GRT
BATTLE ( LIFE4
  ,A COROLL>Y (! HI<E/ IMPORT.E MAY 2
DEDUC$ F ! =EGO+ REM>KS1 "NLY1 T !
/RUCTURE ( E ORGANIC 2+ IS RELAT$1 9 !
MO/ ESS5TIAL YET (T5 HI45 MANN]1 6T (
ALL ! O!R ORGANIC 2+S1 ) : X -ES 96-
PETI;N = FOOD OR RESID;E1 OR F : X HAS
6ESCAPE1 OR ON : X PREYS4 ,? IS OBVI\S 9
! /RUCTURE (! TEE? & TALONS (! TIG]2 & 9
T (! LEGS & CLAWS (! P>ASITE : CL+S 6!
HAIR ON ! TIG]'S BODY4 ,B 9 ! B1UTI;LLY
PLUM$ SE$ (! D&ELION1 & 9 ! FLATT5$ &
FR+$ LEGS (! WAT]-BEETLE1 ! REL,N SEEMS
AT F/ 3F9$ 6! ELE;TS ( AIR & WAT]4 ,YET
! ADVANTAGE ( PLUM$ SE$S NO D\BT /&S 9 !
CLOSE/ REL,N 6! L& 2+ ALR ?ICKLY CLO!D )
O!R PLANTS2 S T ! SE$S MAY 2 WIDELY
4TRIBUT$ & FALL ON UNO3UPI$ GR.D4 ,9 !
WAT]-BEETLE1 ! /RUCTURE ( XS LEGS1 S
WELL ADAPT$ = DIV+1 ALL[S X 6-PETE ) O!R
AQUATIC 9SECTS1 6HUNT = XS [N PREY1 &
6ESCAPE S]V+ Z PREY 6O!R ANIMALS4
  ,! /ORE ( NUTRI;T LAID UP )9 ! SE$S (
_M PLANTS SEEMS AT F/ 6H NO SORT ( REL,N
6O!R PLANTS4 ,B F ! /R;G GR[? ( "Y
PLANTS PRODUC$ F S* SE$S1 Z P1S & B1NS1
:5 S[N 9 ! MID/ ( L;G GRASS1 X MAY 2
SUSPECT$ T ! *IEF USE (! NUTRI;T 9 ! SE$
IS 6FAV\R ! GR[? (! SE$L+S1 :IL/ /RU7L+
) O!R PLANTS GR[+ VIGOR\SLY ALL >.D4
  ,LOOK AT A PLANT 9 ! MID/ ( XS RANGE1
:Y DOES X N D\# OR QUADRUPLE XS NUMB]S8
,WE "K T X C P]FECTLY WELL )/& A LL M
H1T OR COLD1 DAMP;S OR DRY;S1 = ELSE": X
RANGES 96SLI<TLY HOTT] OR COLD]1 DAMP]
OR DRI] 4TRICTS4 ,9 ? CASE WE C CLE>LY
SEE T IF WE WI% 9 IMAG9,N 6GIVE ! PLANT
! P[] ( 9CR1S+ 9 NUMB]1 WE %D H 6GIVE X
"S ADVANTAGE OV] XS -PETITORS1 OR OV] !
ANIMALS : PREY ON X4 ,ON ! 3F9ES ( XS
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE1 A *ANGE ( 3/ITU;N )
RESPECT 6CLIMATE WD CLE>LY 2 AN
ADVANTAGE 6\R PLANT2 B WE H R1SON
62LIEVE T ONLY A FEW PLANTS OR ANIMALS
RANGE S F>1 T !Y >E DE/ROY$ EXCLUSIVELY
0! RIG\R (! CLIMATE4 ,N UNTIL WE R1* !
EXTREME 3F9ES ( LIFE1 9 ! ,>CTIC REGIONS
OR ON ! BORD]S ( AN UTT] DES]T1 W
-PETI;N C1SE4 ,! L& MAY 2 EXTREMELY COLD
OR DRY1 YET "! W 2 -PETI;N 2T "S FEW
SPECIES1 OR 2T ! 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME
SPECIES1 =! W>ME/ OR DAMPE/ SPOTS4
  ,H;E WE C SEE T :5 A PLANT OR ANIMAL
IS PLAC$ 9 A NEW C.TRY AM;G/ NEW
-PETITORS1 ! 3DI;NS ( XS LIFE W G5],Y 2
*ANG$ 9 AN ESS5TIAL MANN]1 AL? ! CLIMATE
MAY 2 EXACTLY ! SAME Z 9 XS =M] HOME4
,IF XS AV]AGE NUMB]S >E 69CR1SE 9 XS NEW
HOME1 WE %D H 6MODIFY X 9 A DI6]5T WAY
6:AT WE %D H _H 6D 9 XS NATIVE C.TRY2 =
WE %D H 6GIVE X "S ADVANTAGE OV] A
DI6]5T SET ( -PETITORS OR 5EMIES4
  ,X IS GD ?US 6TRY 9 IMAG9,N 6GIVE 6ANY
"O SPECIES AN ADVANTAGE OV] ANO!R4
,PROBABLY 9 NO S+LE 9/.E %D WE "K :AT
6D4 ,? "\ 63V9CE U ( \R IGNOR.E ON !
MUTUAL REL,NS ( ALL ORGANIC 2+S2 A
3VIC;N Z NEC Z X IS DI6ICULT 6ACQUIRE4
,ALL T WE C D1 IS 6KEEP /1DILY 9 M9D T
EA* ORGANIC 2+ IS /RIV+ 69CR1SE 9 A
GEOMETRICAL RATIO2 T EA* AT "S P]IOD (
XS LIFE1 DUR+ "S S1SON (! YE>1 DUR+ EA*
G5],N OR AT 9T]VALS1 HAS 6/RU7LE = LIFE
& 6SU6] GRT DE/RUC;N4 ,:5 WE REFLECT ON
? /RU7LE1 WE MAY 3SOLE \RVS )! FULL
2LIEF1 T ! W> ( NATURE IS N 9CESSANT1 T
NO FE> IS FELT1 T D1? IS G5],Y PROMPT1 &
T ! VIGOR\S1 ! H1L?Y1 &! HAPPY SURVIVE &
MULTIPLY4