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P$UNCULAT$ OAKS >E EI GD & 4T9CT SPECIES
OR M]E V>IETIES4
  ,I MAY "H ALLUDE 6A REM>KA# MEMOIR
LATELY PUBLI%$ BY ;,A4 DE ,C&OLLE1 ON !
OAKS (! :OLE _W4 ,NO "O "E _H M AMPLE
MAT]IALS =! 4CRIM9,N (! SPECIES1 OR CD H
"W$ ON !M ) M Z1L & SAGAC;Y4 ,HE F/
GIVES 9 DETAIL ALL ! _M PO9TS ( /RUCTURE
: V>Y 9 ! S"EAL SPECIES1 & E/IMATES
NUM]IC,Y ! RELATIVE FREQU5CY (! V>I,NS4
,HE SPECIFIES ABV A DOZ5 "*S : MAY 2 F.D
V>Y+ EV5 ON ! SAME BRAN*1 "S"TS AC 6AGE
OR DEVELOP;T1 "S"TS )\T ANY ASSIGNA#
R1SON4 ,S* "*S >E N ( C\RSE ( SPECIFIC
VALUE1 B !Y >E1 Z ,ASA ,GRAY HAS REM>K$
9 -;T+ ON ? MEMOIR1 S* Z G5],Y 5T]
96SPECIFIC DEF9I;NS4 ,DE ,C&OLLE !N GOES
ON 6SAY T HE GIVES ! RANK ( SPECIES 6!
=MS T DI6] 0"*S N"E V>Y+ ON ! SAME TREE1
& N"E F.D 3NECT$ 09T]M$IATE /ATES4 ,AF ?
4CUS.N1 ! RESULT ( S M* LAB\R1 HE
EMPHATIC,Y REM>KS3 8,!Y >E MISTAK51 :O
REP1T T ! GRT] "P ( \R SPECIES >E CLE>LY
LIMIT$1 & T ! D\BT;L SPECIES >E 9 A FEE#
M9OR;Y4 ,? SEEM$ 6BE TRUE1 S L;G Z A
G5US 0 IMP]FECTLY "KN1 & XS SPECIES 7
F.D$ ^U A FEW SPECIM5S1 T IS 6SAY1 7
PROVI.NAL4 ,J Z WE -E 6"K !M BETT]1
9T]M$IATE =MS FL[ IN1 & D\BTS Z
6SPECIFIC LIMITS AUG;T40 ,HE AL A4S T X
IS ! BE/ "KN SPECIES : PRES5T ! GRT]
NUMB] ( SPONTANE\S V>IETIES & SUB-
V>IETIES4 ,?US ,QU]CUS ROBUR HAS TW5TY-
EI<T V>IETIES1 ALL ( :1 EXCEPT+ SIX1 >E
CLU/]$ R.D ?REE SUB-SPECIES1 "NLY1 ,Q4
P$UNCULATA1 SESSILIFLORA1 & PUBESC5S4 ,!
=MS : 3NECT ^! ?REE SUB-SPECIES >E
-P>ATIVELY R>E2 &1 Z ,ASA ,GRAY AG
REM>KS1 IF ^! 3NECT+ =MS : >E N[ R>E1 7
62COME :OLLY EXT9CT1 ! ?REE SUB-SPECIES
WD HOLD EXACTLY ! SAME REL,N 6EA* O!R1 Z
D ! F\R OR FIVE PROVI.N,Y ADMITT$
SPECIES : CLOSELY SURR.D ! TYPICAL
,QU]CUS ROBUR4 ,F9,Y1 ,DE ,C&OLLE ADMITS
T \ (! #CJJ SPECIES1 : W 2 ENUM]AT$ 9 8
,PRODROMUS Z 2L;G+ 6! OAK FAMILY1 AT L1/
TWO-?IRDS >E PROVI.NAL SPECIES1 T IS1 >E
N "KN /RICTLY 6FULFIL ! DEF9I;N ABV GIV5
(A TRUE SPECIES4 ,X %D 2 A4$ T ,DE
,C&OLLE NO L;G] 2LIEVES T SPECIES >E
IMMUTA# CRE,NS1 B 3CLUDES T ! DERIVATIVE
!ORY IS ! MO/ NATURAL "O1 8&! MO/
A3ORDANT )! "KN FACTS 9 PALAEONTOLOGY1
GEOGRAPHICAL BOTANY & ZOOLOGY1 (
ANATOMICAL /RUCTURE & CLASSIFIC,N40
  ,:5 A "Y NATURALI/ -M;ES ! /UDY (A
GR\P ( ORGANISMS Q UN"KN 6HM1 HE IS AT
F/ M* P]PLEX$ 9 DET]M9+ :AT DI6];ES
63SID] Z SPECIFIC1 & :AT Z V>IETAL2 = HE
"KS NO?+ (! AM.T & K9D ( V>I,N 6: ! GR\P
IS SUBJECT2 & ? %[S1 AT L1/1 H[ V G5],Y
"! IS "S V>I,N4 ,B IF HE 3F9E 8 ATT5;N
6"O CLASS )9 "O C.TRY1 HE W SOON MAKE UP
8 M9D H[ 6RANK MO/ (! D\BT;L =MS4 ,8
G5]AL T5D5CY W 2 6MAKE _M SPECIES1 = HE
W 2COME IMPRESS$1 J L ! PIGEON OR P\LTRY
FANCI] 2F ALLUD$ TO1 )! AM.T ( DI6];E 9
! =MS : HE IS 3T9U,Y /UDY+2 & HE HAS LL
G5]AL K ( ANALOGICAL V>I,N 9 O!R GR\PS &
9 O!R C.TRIES1 0: 6CORRECT 8 F/
IMPRES.NS4 ,Z HE EXT5DS ! RANGE ( 8
OBS]V,NS1 HE W MEET ) M CASES (
DI6ICULTY2 = HE W 5C.T] A GRT] NUMB] (
CLOSELY-ALLI$ =MS4 ,B IF 8 OBS]V,NS 2
WIDELY EXT5D$1 HE W 9 ! 5D G5],Y 2 A#
6MAKE UP 8 [N M9D3 B HE W SU3E$ 9 ? AT !
EXP5SE ( ADMITT+ M* V>I,N1- &! TRU? ( ?
ADMIS.N W (T5 2 4PUT$ 0O!R NATURALI/S4
,:5 HE -ES 6/UDY ALLI$ =MS BR"\ F
C.TRIES N N[ 3T9U\S1 9 : CASE HE _C HOPE
6F9D 9T]M$IATE L9KS1 HE W 2 -PELL$ 6TRU/
ALM 5TIRELY 6ANALOGY1 & 8 DI6ICULTIES W
RISE 6A CLIMAX4
  ,C]TA9LY NO CLE> L9E ( DEM>C,N HAS Z
YET BE5 DRAWN 2T SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES-
T IS1 ! =MS : 9 ! OP9ION ( "S NATURALI/S
-E V NE> TO1 B D N Q >RIVE AT1 ! RANK (
SPECIES3 OR1 AG1 2T SUB-SPECIES & WELL-
M>K$ V>IETIES1 OR 2T LESS] V>IETIES &
9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES4 ,^! DI6];ES BL5D
96EA* O!R 0AN 9S5SI# S]IES2 &A S]IES
IMPRESSES ! M9D )! IDEA ( AN ACTUAL
PASSAGE4
  ,H;E ,I LOOK AT 9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES1 ?\<
( SMALL 9T]E/ 6! SY/EMATI/1 Z (! HI<E/
IMPORT.E = U1 Z 2+ ! F/ /EPS T[>DS S*
SLI<T V>IETIES Z >E B>ELY ?"\ WOR?
RECORD+ 9 "WS ON NATURAL HI/ORY4 ,& ,I
LOOK AT V>IETIES : >E 9 ANY DEGREE M
4T9CT & P]MAN5T1 Z /EPS T[>DS M /R;GLY-
M>K$ & P]MAN5T V>IETIES2 & AT ! LATT]1 Z
L1D+ 6SUB-SPECIES1 & !N 6SPECIES4 ,!
PASSAGE F "O /AGE ( DI6];E 6ANO!R MAY1 9
_M CASES1 2 ! SIMPLE RESULT (! NATURE (!
ORGANISM &(! DI6]5T PHYSICAL 3DI;NS 6: X
HAS L;G BE5 EXPOS$2 B ) RESPECT 6! M
IMPORTANT & ADAPTIVE "*S1 ! PASSAGE F "O
/AGE ( DI6];E 6ANO!R MAY 2 SAFELY
ATTRIBUT$ 6! CUMULATIVE AC;N ( NATURAL
SELEC;N1 "HAF 6BE EXPLA9$1 & 6! E6ECTS (
! 9CR1S$ USE OR 4USE ( "PS4 ,A WELL-M>K$
V>IETY MAY "!=E 2 CALL$ AN 9CIPI5T
SPECIES2 B :E!R ? 2LIEF IS JU/IFIA# M/ 2
JUDG$ 0! WEI<T (! V>I\S FACTS & 3SID],NS
6BE GIV5 "?\T ? "W4
  ,X NE$ N 2 SUPPOS$ T ALL V>IETIES OR
9CIPI5T SPECIES ATTA9 ! RANK ( SPECIES4
,!Y MAY 2COME EXT9CT1 OR !Y MAY 5DURE Z
V>IETIES = V L;G P]IODS1 Z HAS BE5 %[N
6BE ! CASE 0,MR4 ,WOLLA/ON )! V>IETIES (
C]TA9 FOSSIL L&-%ELL 9 ,MADEIRA1 &)
PLANTS 0,GA/ON DE ,SAPORTA4 ,IF A V>IETY
7 6FL\RI% S Z 6EXCE$ 9 NUMB]S ! P>5T
SPECIES1 X WD !N RANK Z ! SPECIES1 &!
SPECIES Z ! V>IETY2 OR X MI<T -E
6SUPPLANT & EXT]M9ATE ! P>5T SPECIES2 OR
BO? MI<T CO-EXI/1 & BO? RANK Z 9DEP5D5T
SPECIES4 ,B WE % "HAF RETURN 6? SUBJECT4
  ,F ^! REM>KS X W 2 SE5 T ,I LOOK AT !
T]M SPECIES Z "O >BITR>ILY GIV51 =! SAKE
( 3V5I;E1 6A SET ( 9DIVIDUALS CLOSELY
RESEMBL+ EA* O!R1 & T X DOES N ESS5TI,Y
DI6] F ! T]M V>IETY1 : IS GIV5 6LESS
4T9CT & M FLUCTUAT+ =MS4 ,! T]M V>IETY1
AG1 9 -P>ISON ) M]E 9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES1
IS AL APPLI$ >BITR>ILY1 = 3V5I;E0' SAKE4
  ,WIDE-RANG+1 M* DI6US$1 & -MON
,SPECIES V>Y MO/
  ,GUID$ 0!ORETICAL 3SID],N1 ,I ?"\ T "S
9T]E/+ RESULTS MI<T 2 OBTA9$ 9 REG>D 6!
NATURE & REL,NS (! SPECIES : V>Y MO/1
0TABULAT+ ALL ! V>IETIES 9 S"EAL WELL-
"W$ FLORAS4 ,AT F/ ? SEEM$ A SIMPLE
TASK2 B ,MR4 ,H4 ,C4 ,WATSON1 6:OM ,I AM
M* 9DEBT$ = VALUA# ADVICE & ASSI/.E ON ?
SUBJECT1 SOON 3V9C$ ME T "! 7 _M
DI6ICULTIES1 Z DID SUBSEQU5TLY ,DR4
,HOOK]1 EV5 9 /R;G] T]MS4 ,I % RES]VE =A
FUTURE "W ! 4CUS.N ( ^! DI6ICULTIES1 &!
TA#S (! PROPOR;NAL NUMB]S (! V>Y+
SPECIES4 ,DR4 ,HOOK] P]MITS ME 6ADD T AF
HAV+ C>E;LLY R1D MY MANUSCRIPT1 & EXAM9$
! TA#S1 HE ?9KS T ! FOLL[+ /ATE;TS >E
FAIRLY WELL E/ABLI%$4 ,! :OLE SUBJECT1
H["E1 TR1T$ Z X NECESS>ILY "H IS ) M*
BREV;Y1 IS R P]PLEX+1 & ALLU.NS _C 2
AVOID$ 6! 8/RU7LE = EXI/;E10 8DIV]G;E (
"*10 & O!R "QS1 "HAF 6BE 4CUSS$4
  ,ALPHONSE DE ,C&OLLE & O!RS H %[N T
PLANTS : H V WIDE RANGES G5],Y PRES5T
V>IETIES2 & ? MI<T H BE5 EXPECT$1 Z !Y
>E EXPOS$ 6DIV]SE PHYSICAL 3DI;NS1 & Z
!Y -E 96-PETI;N 7:1 Z WE % "HAF SEE1 IS
AN EQU,Y OR M IMPORTANT CIRCUM/.E7 )
DI6]5T SETS ( ORGANIC 2+S4 ,B MY TA#S
FUR!R %[ T1 9 ANY LIMIT$ C.TRY1 !
SPECIES : >E ! MO/ -MON1 T IS AB.D MO/ 9
9DIVIDUALS1 &! SPECIES : >E MO/ WIDELY
DI6US$ )9 _! [N C.TRY 7& ? IS A DI6]5T
3SID],N F WIDE RANGE1 & 6A C]TA9 EXT5T F
-MON;S71 (T5E/ GIVE RISE 6V>IETIES
SU6ICI5TLY WELL M>K$ 6H BE5 RECORD$ 9
BOTANICAL "WS4 ,H;E X IS ! MO/ FL\RI%+1
OR1 Z !Y MAY 2 CALL$1 ! DOM9ANT
SPECIES1- ^? : RANGE WIDELY1 >E ! MO/
DI6US$ 9 _! [N C.TRY1 & >E ! MO/ NUM]\S
9 9DIVIDUALS1- : (T5E/ PRODUCE WELL-M>K$
V>IETIES1 OR1 Z ,I 3SID] !M1 9CIPI5T
SPECIES4 ,& ?1 P]H1 MI<T H BE5
ANTICIPAT$2 = Z V>IETIES1 9 ORD] 62COME
9 ANY DEGREE P]MAN5T1 NECESS>ILY H
6/RU7LE )! O!R 9HABITANTS (! C.TRY1 !
SPECIES : >E ALR DOM9ANT W 2 ! MO/
LIKELY 6YIELD (FSPR+1 :1 ?\< 9 "S SLI<T
DEGREE MODIFI$1 / 9H]IT ^? ADVANTAGES T
5A#D _! P>5TS 62COME DOM9ANT OV] _!
-PATRIOTS4 ,9 ^! REM>KS ON PREDOM9.E1 X
%D 2 "U/OOD T REF];E IS MADE ONLY 6! =MS
: -E 96-PETI;N ) EA* O!R1 & M ESPECI,Y
6! MEMB]S (! SAME G5US OR CLASS HAV+
NE>LY SIMIL> HABITS ( LIFE4 ,) RESPECT
6! NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS OR -MON;S (
SPECIES1 ! -P>ISON ( C\RSE RELATES ONLY
6! MEMB]S (! SAME GR\P4 ,"O (! HI<]
PLANTS MAY 2 SD 6BE DOM9ANT IF X 2 M
NUM]\S 9 9DIVIDUALS & M WIDELY DI6US$
?AN ! O!R PLANTS (! SAME C.TRY1 : LIVE
"U NE>LY ! SAME 3DI;NS4 ,A PLANT ( ? K9D
IS N ! LESS DOM9ANT 2C "S 3F]VA 9HABIT+
! WAT] OR "S P>ASITIC FUNGUS IS 9F9ITELY
M NUM]\S 9 9DIVIDUALS & M WIDELY DI6US$4
,B IF ! 3F]VA OR P>ASITIC FUNGUS EXCE$S
XS ALLIES 9 ! ABV RESPECTS1 X W !N 2
DOM9ANT )9 XS [N CLASS4
  ,SPECIES (! ,L>G] ,G5]A 9 EA* ,C.TRY
V>Y M FREQU5TLY ?AN ! ,SPECIES (!
,SMALL] ,G5]A
  ,IF ! PLANTS 9HABIT+ A C.TRY1 Z
DESCRIB$ 9 ANY ,FLORA1 2 DIVID$ 96TWO
EQUAL MASSES1 ALL ^? 9 ! L>G] G5]A
7I4E41 ^? 9CLUD+ _M SPECIES7 2+ PLAC$ ON
"O SIDE1 & ALL ^? 9 ! SMALL] G5]A ON !
O!R SIDE1 ! =M] W 2 F.D 69CLUDE A "S:AT
L>G] NUMB] (! V -MON & M* DI6US$ OR
DOM9ANT SPECIES4 ,? MI<T H BE5
ANTICIPAT$2 =! M]E FACT ( _M SPECIES (!
SAME G5US 9HABIT+ ANY C.TRY1 %[S T "! IS
"S?+ 9 ! ORGANIC OR 9ORGANIC 3DI;NS ( T
C.TRY FAV\RA# 6! G5US2 &1 3SEQU5TLY1 WE
MI<T H EXPECT$ 6H F.D 9 ! L>G] G5]A OR
^? 9CLUD+ _M SPECIES1 A L>G] PROPOR;NAL
NUMB] ( DOM9ANT SPECIES4 ,B S _M CAUSES
T5D 6OBSCURE ? RESULT1 T ,I AM SURPRIS$
T MY TA#S %[ EV5 A SMALL MAJOR;Y ON !
SIDE (! L>G] G5]A4 ,I W "H ALLUDE 6ONLY
TWO CAUSES ( OBSCUR;Y4 ,FRE%-WAT] &
SALT-LOV+ PLANTS G5],Y H V WIDE RANGES &
>E M* DI6US$1 B ? SEEMS 6BE 3NECT$ )!
NATURE (! /,NS 9HABIT$ 0!M1 & HAS LL OR
NO REL,N 6! SIZE (! G5]A 6: ! SPECIES
2L;G4 ,AG1 PLANTS L[ 9 ! SCALE (
ORGANIS,N >E G5],Y M* M WIDELY DI6US$
?AN PLANTS HI<] 9 ! SCALE2 & "H AG "! IS
NO CLOSE REL,N 6! SIZE (! G5]A4 ,! CAUSE
( L[LY-ORGANIS$ PLANTS RANG+ WIDELY W 2
4CUSS$ 9 \R *APT] ON ,GEOGRAPHICAL
,4TRIBU;N4
  ,F LOOK+ AT SPECIES Z ONLY /R;GLY M>K$
& WELL-DEF9$ V>IETIES1 ,I 0 L$
6ANTICIPATE T ! SPECIES (! L>G] G5]A 9
EA* C.TRY WD (T5] PRES5T V>IETIES1 ?AN !
SPECIES (! SMALL] G5]A2 = :]"E _M
CLOSELY RELAT$ SPECIES 7I4E41 SPECIES (!
SAME G5US7 H BE5 =M$1 _M V>IETIES OR
9CIPI5T SPECIES "\1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 6BE
N[ =M+4 ,": _M L>GE TREES GR[1 WE EXPECT
6F9D SAPL+S4 ,": _M SPECIES (A G5US H
BE5 =M$ "? V>I,N1 CIRCUM/.ES H BE5
FAV\RA# = V>I,N2 & H;E WE MI<T EXPECT T
! CIRCUM/.ES WD G5],Y 2 / FAV\RA#
6V>I,N4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF WE LOOK AT EA*
SPECIES Z A SPECIAL ACT ( CRE,N1 "! IS
NO APP>5T R1SON :Y M V>IETIES %D O3UR 9
A GR\P HAV+ _M SPECIES1 ?AN 9 "O HAV+
FEW4
  ,6TE/ ! TRU? ( ? ANTICIP,N ,I H >RANG$
! PLANTS ( TWELVE C.TRIES1 &! COLEOPT]\S
9SECTS ( TWO 4TRICTS1 96TWO NE>LY EQUAL
MASSES1 ! SPECIES (! L>G] G5]A ON "O
SIDE1 & ^? (! SMALL] G5]A ON ! O!R SIDE1
& X HAS 9V>IABLY PROV$ 6BE ! CASE T A
L>G] PROPOR;N (! SPECIES ON ! SIDE (!
L>G] G5]A PRES5T$ V>IETIES1 ?AN ON !
SIDE (! SMALL] G5]A4 ,MOREOV]1 ! SPECIES
(! L>GE G5]A : PRES5T ANY V>IETIES1
9V>IABLY PRES5T A L>G] AV]AGE NUMB] (
V>IETIES ?AN D ! SPECIES (! SMALL G5]A4
,BO? ^! RESULTS FOLL[ :5 ANO!R DIVI.N IS
MADE1 & :5 ALL ! L1/ G5]A1 ) F ONLY "O
6F\R SPECIES1 >E ALT EXCLUD$ F ! TA#S4
,^! FACTS >E ( PLA9 SIGNIFIC,N ON ! VIEW
T SPECIES >E ONLY /R;GLY-M>K$ & P]MAN5T
V>IETIES2 = :]"E _M SPECIES (! SAME G5US
H BE5 =M$1 OR ":1 IF WE MAY USE !
EXPRES.N1 ! MANUFACTORY ( SPECIES HAS
BE5 ACTIVE1 WE "\ G5],Y 6F9D !
MANUFACTORY / 9 AC;N1 M ESPECI,Y Z WE H
E R1SON 62LIEVE ! PROCESS ( MANUFACTUR+
NEW SPECIES 6BE A SL[ "O4 ,& ? C]TA9LY
HOLDS TRUE1 IF V>IETIES 2 LOOK$ AT Z
9CIPI5T SPECIES2 = MY TA#S CLE>LY %[ Z A
G5]AL RULE T1 :]"E _M SPECIES (A G5US H
BE5 =M$1 ! SPECIES ( T G5US PRES5T A
NUMB] ( V>IETIES1 T IS ( 9CIPI5T
SPECIES1 2Y ! AV]AGE4 ,X IS N T ALL L>GE
G5]A >E N[ V>Y+ M*1 & >E ?US 9CR1S+ 9 !
NUMB] ( _! SPECIES1 OR T NO SMALL G5]A
>E N[ V>Y+ & 9CR1S+2 = IF ? _H BE5 S1 X
WD H BE5 FATAL 6MY !ORY2 9ASM* Z GEOLOGY
PLA9LY TELLS U T SMALL G5]A H 9 ! LAPSE
( "T (T5 9CR1S$ GRTLY 9 SIZE2 & T L>GE
G5]A H (T5 -E 6_! MAXIMA1 DECL9$1 &
4APPE>$4 ,ALL T WE WANT 6%[ IS1 T :5 _M
SPECIES (A G5US H BE5 =M$1 ON AN AV]AGE
_M >E / =M+2 & ? C]TA9LY HOLDS GD4
  ,_M (! ,SPECIES 9CLUD$ )9 ! ,L>G]
,G5]A RESEM# ,V>IETIES 9 2+ V CLOSELY1 B
UNEQU,Y1 RELAT$ 6EA* O!R1 & 9 HAV+
RE/RICT$ RANGES
  ,"! >E O!R REL,NS 2T ! SPECIES ( L>GE
G5]A & _! RECORD$ V>IETIES : DES]VE
NOTICE4 ,WE H SE5 T "! IS NO 9FALLI#
CRIT]ION 0: 64T+UI% SPECIES & WELL-M>K$
V>IETIES2 & :5 9T]M$IATE L9KS H N BE5
F.D 2T D\BT;L =MS1 NATURALI/S >E -PELL$
6-E 6A DET]M9,N 0! AM.T ( DI6];E 2T !M1
JUDG+ 0ANALOGY :E!R OR N ! AM.T SU6ICES
6RAISE "O OR BO? 6! RANK ( SPECIES4 ,H;E
! AM.T ( DI6];E IS "O V IMPORTANT
CRIT]ION 9 SETTL+ :E!R TWO =MS %D 2
RANK$ Z SPECIES OR V>IETIES4 ,N[ ,FRIES
HAS REM>K$ 9 REG>D 6PLANTS1 & ,WE/WOOD 9
REG>D 69SECTS1 T 9 L>GE G5]A ! AM.T (
DI6];E 2T ! SPECIES IS (T5 EXCE$+LY
SMALL4 ,I H 5D1V\R$ 6TE/ ? NUM]IC,Y
0AV]AGES1 &1 Z F> Z MY IMP]FECT RESULTS
G1 !Y 3FIRM ! VIEW4 ,I H AL 3SULT$ "S
SAGACI\S & EXP]I;ED OBS]V]S1 &1 AF
DELIB],N1 !Y 3CUR 9 ? VIEW4 ,9 ?
RESPECT1 "!=E1 ! SPECIES (! L>G] G5]A
RESEM# V>IETIES1 M ?AN D ! SPECIES (!
SMALL] G5]A4 ,OR ! CASE MAY 2 PUT 9
ANO!R WAY1 & X MAY 2 SD1 T 9 ! L>G]
G5]A1 9 : A NUMB] ( V>IETIES OR 9CIPI5T
SPECIES GRT] ?AN ! AV]AGE >E N[
MANUFACTUR+1 _M (! SPECIES ALR
MANUFACTUR$ / 6A C]TA9 EXT5T RESEM#
V>IETIES1 = !Y DI6] F EA* O!R 0LESS ?AN
! USUAL AM.T ( DI6];E4
  ,MOREOV]1 ! SPECIES (! L>G] G5]A >E
RELAT$ 6EA* O!R1 9 ! SAME MANN] Z !
V>IETIES ( ANY "O SPECIES >E RELAT$ 6EA*
O!R4 ,NO NATURALI/ PRET5DS T ALL !
SPECIES (A G5US >E EQU,Y 4T9CT F EA*
O!R2 !Y MAY G5],Y 2 DIVID$ 96SUB-G5]A1
OR SEC;NS1 OR LESS] GR\PS4 ,Z ,FRIES HAS
WELL REM>K$1 LL GR\PS ( SPECIES >E G5],Y
CLU/]$ L SATELLITES >.D O!R SPECIES4 ,&
:AT >E V>IETIES B GR\PS ( =MS1 UNEQU,Y
RELAT$ 6EA* O!R1 & CLU/]$ R.D C]TA9 =MS-
T IS1 R.D _! P>5T-SPECIES4 ,UND\BT$LY "!
IS "O MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T ( DI6];E 2T
V>IETIES & SPECIES2 "NLY1 T ! AM.T (
DI6];E 2T V>IETIES1 :5 -P>$ ) EA* O!R OR
) _! P>5T-SPECIES1 IS M* LESS ?AN T 2T !
SPECIES (! SAME G5US4 ,B :5 WE -E 64CUSS
! PR9CIPLE1 Z ,I CALL X1 ( ,DIV]G;E (
,"*1 WE % SEE H[ ? MAY 2 EXPLA9$1 & H[ !
LESS] DI6];ES 2T V>IETIES T5D 69CR1SE
96! GRT] DI6];ES 2T SPECIES4
  ,"! IS "O O!R PO9T : IS WOR? NOTICE4
,V>IETIES G5],Y H M* RE/RICT$ RANGES3 ?
/ATE;T IS 9DE$ SC>CELY M ?AN A TRUISM1
=1 IF A V>IETY 7 F.D 6H A WID] RANGE ?AN
T ( XS SUPPOS$ P>5T-SPECIES1 _!
DENOM9,NS WD 2 REV]S$4 ,B "! IS R1SON
62LIEVE T ! SPECIES : >E V CLOSELY ALLI$
6O!R SPECIES1 & 9 S F> RESEM# V>IETIES1
(T5 H M* RE/RICT$ RANGES4 ,= 9/.E1 ,MR4
,H4 ,C4 ,WATSON HAS M>K$ = ME 9 ! WELL-
SIFT$ ,LONDON ,CATALOGUE ( ,PLANTS 7#D?
EDI;N7 #FC PLANTS : >E "!9 RANK$ Z
SPECIES1 B : HE 3SID]S Z S CLOSELY ALLI$
6O!R SPECIES Z 6BE ( D\BT;L VALUE3 ^!
#FC REPUT$ SPECIES RANGE ON AN AV]AGE
OV] #F.I (! PROV9CES 96: ,MR4 ,WATSON
HAS DIVID$ ,GRT ,BRITA94 ,N[1 9 ? SAME
,CATALOGUE1 #EC AC"KL$G$ V>IETIES >E
RECORD$1 & ^! RANGE OV] #G.G PROV9CES2
":AS1 ! SPECIES 6: ^! V>IETIES 2L;G
RANGE OV] #AD.C PROV9CES4 ,S T !
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