,,*APT] ,,XIII4
     ,,SECOND>Y ,,SEXUAL ,,"*S ,,(
                ,,BIRDS4

  ,SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S >E M DIV]SIFI$ &
3SPICU\S 9 BIRDS1 ?\< N P]H 5TAIL+ M
IMPORTANT *ANGES ( /RUCTURE1 ?AN 9 ANY
O!R CLASS ( ANIMALS4 ,I %1 "!=E1 TR1T !
SUBJECT AT 3SID]A# L5G?4 ,MALE BIRDS
"S"TS1 ?\< R>ELY1 POSSESS SPECIAL W1PONS
= FI<T+ ) EA* O!R4 ,!Y *>M ! FEMALE
0VOCAL OR 9/RU;TAL MUSIC (! MO/ V>I$
K9DS4 ,!Y >E ORNA;T$ 0ALL SORTS ( -BS1
WATTLES1 PROTUB].ES1 HORNS1 AIR-4T5D$
SACKS1 TOP-KNOTS1 NAK$ %AFTS1 PLUMES &
L5G!N$ F1!RS GRACE;LLY SPR++ F ALL "PS (
! BODY4 ,! B1K & NAK$ SK9 AB ! H1D1 &!
F1!RS1 >E (T5 GORGE\SLY COL\R$4 ,! MALES
"S"TS PAY _! C\RT 0DANC+1 OR 0FANTA/IC
ANTICS P]=M$ EI ON ! GR.D OR 9 ! AIR4 ,9
"O 9/.E1 AT L1/1 ! MALE EMITS A MUSKY
OD\R1 : WE MAY SUPPOSE S]VES 6*>M OR
EXCITE ! FEMALE2 = T EXCELL5T OBS]V]1
,MR4 ,RAMSAY1 99 SAYS (! ,AU/RALIAN
MUSK-DUCK 7,BIZIURA LOBATA7 T 8! SMELL :
! MALE EMITS DUR+ ! SUMM] MON?S IS 3F9$
6T SEX1 & 9 "S 9DIVIDUALS IS RETA9$ "?\T
! YE>2 ,I H N"E1 EV5 9 ! BRE$+-S1SON1
%OT A FEMALE : _H ANY SMELL ( MUSK40 ,S
P[];L IS ? OD\R DUR+ ! PAIR+-S1SON1 T X
C 2 DETECT$ L;G 2F ! BIRD C 2 SE54 99
7#B7 ,ON ! :OLE1 BIRDS APPE> 6BE ! MO/
AES!TIC ( ALL ANIMALS1 EXCEPT+ ( C\RSE
MAN1 & !Y H NE>LY ! SAME TA/E =! B1UTI;L
Z WE H4 ,? IS %[N 0\R 5JOY;T (! S++ (
BIRDS1 & 0\R WOM51 BO? CIVILIS$ &
SAVAGE1 DECK+ _! H1DS ) BORR[$ PLUMES1 &
US+ GEMS : >E H>DLY M BRILLIANTLY COL\R$
?AN ! NAK$ SK9 & WATTLES ( C]TA9 BIRDS4
,9 MAN1 H["E1 :5 CULTIVAT$1 ! S5SE (
B1UTY IS MANIFE/LY A F> M -PLEX FEEL+1 &
IS ASSOCIAT$ ) V>I\S 9TELLECTUAL ID1S4
      --,IBIS41 VOL4 ;III4 7NEW S]IES71
    #AHFG1 P4 #DAD4
      997#B7 ,G\LD1 ,H&BOOK (! ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 #AHFE1 VOL4 ;II41 P4
    #CHC4
  ,2F TR1T+ (! SEXUAL "*S ) : WE >E "H M
"PICUL>LY 3C]N$1 ,I MAY J ALLUDE 6C]TA9
DI6];ES 2T ! SEXES : APP>5TLY DEP5D ON
DI6];ES 9 _! HABITS ( LIFE2 = S* CASES1
?\< -MON 9 ! L[]1 >E R>E 9 ! HI<]
CLASSES4 ,TWO HUMM+-BIRDS 2L;G+ 6! G5US
,EU/EPHANUS1 : 9HABIT ! ISL& ( ,JUAN
,F]N&EZ1 7 L;G ?"\ 6BE SPECIFIC,Y 4T9CT1
B >E N[ "KN1 Z ,MR4 ,G\LD 9=MS ME1 6BE !
MALE & FEMALE (! SAME SPECIES1 & !Y DI6]
SLI<TLY 9 ! =M (! B1K4 ,9 ANO!R G5US (
HUMM+-BIRDS 7,GRYPUS71 ! B1K (! MALE IS
S]RAT$ AL;G ! M>G9 & HOOK$ AT !
EXTREM;Y1 ?US DI6]+ M* F T (! FEMALE4 ,9
! ,NEOMORPHA ( ,NEW ,Z1L&1 "! IS1 Z WE H
SE51 A / WID] DI6];E 9 ! =M (! B1K 9
REL,N 6! MANN] ( FE$+ (! TWO SEXES4
,"S?+ (! SAME K9D HAS BE5 OBS]V$ )!
GOLDF9* 7,C>DUELIS ELEGANS71 = ,I AM
ASSUR$ 0,MR4 ,J4 ,J5N] ,WEIR T ! BIRD-
CAT*]S C 4T+UI% ! MALES 0_! SLI<TLY L;G]
B1KS4 ,! FLOCKS ( MALES >E (T5 F.D FE$+
ON ! SE$S (! T1ZLE 7,DIPSACUS71 : !Y C
R1* ) _! EL;GAT$ B1KS1 :IL/ ! FEMALES M
-MONLY FE$ ON ! SE$S (! 2TONY OR
,SCROPHUL>IA4 ,)A SLI<T DI6];E ( ? K9D Z
A F.D,N1 WE C SEE H[ ! B1KS (! TWO SEXES
MI<T 2 MADE 6DI6] GRTLY "? NATURAL
SELEC;N4 ,9 "S (! ABV CASES1 H["E1 X IS
POSSI# T ! B1KS (! MALES MAY H BE5 F/
MODIFI$ 9 REL,N 6_! 3TE/S ) O!R MALES2 &
T ? AFWS L$ 6SLI<TLY *ANG$ HABITS (
LIFE4
      ,LAW ( ,BATTLE4- ,ALM ALL MALE
    BIRDS >E EXTREMELY PUGNACI\S1 US+ _!
    B1KS1 W+S1 & LEGS = FI<T+ TGR4 ,WE
    SEE ? E SPR+ ) \R ROB9S & SP>R[S4 ,!
    SMALLE/ ( ALL BIRDS1 "NLY ! HUMM+-
    BIRD1 IS "O (! MO/ QU>REL"S4 ,MR4
    ,GOSSE 99 DESCRIBES A BATTLE 9 : A
    PAIR SEIZ$ HOLD ( EA* O!R'S B1KS1 &
    :IRL$ R.D & R.D1 TILL !Y ALM FELL 6!
    GR.D2 & ,M4 ,MONTES DE ,OCA1 9 SP1K+
    OR ANO!R G5US ( HUMM+-BIRD1 SAYS T
    TWO MALES R>ELY MEET )\T A FI]CE
    AERIAL 5C.T]3 :5 KEPT 9 CAGES 8_!
    FI<T+ HAS MO/LY 5D$ 9 ! SPLITT+ (!
    T;GUE ( "O (! TWO1 : !N SURELY DIES
    F 2+ UNA# 6FE$48 997#B7 ,) WAD]S1 !
    MALES (! -MON WAT]-H5 7,GALL9ULA
    *LOROPUS7 8:5 PAIR+1 FI<T VIOL5TLY =
    ! FEMALES3 !Y /& NE>LY UP"R 9 ! WAT]
    & /RIKE ) _! FEET40 ,TWO 7 SE5 6BE
    ?US 5GAG$ = HALF AN H\R1 UNTIL "O
    GOT HOLD (! H1D (! O!R1 : WD H BE5
    KILL$ _H N ! OBS]V] 9T]F]$2 ! FEMALE
    ALL ! "T LOOK+ ON Z A QUIET
    SPECTATOR4 99 7#C7 ,MR4 ,BLY? 9=MS
    ME T ! MALES ( AN ALLI$ BIRD
    7,GALLICREX CRI/ATUS7 >E A ?IRD L>G]
    ?AN ! FEMALES1 & >E S PUGNACI\S DUR+
    ! BRE$+- S1SON T !Y >E KEPT 0!
    NATIVES ( EA/]N ,B5GAL =! SAKE (
    FI<T+4 ,V>I\S O!R BIRDS >E KEPT 9
    ,9DIA =! SAME PURPOSE1 = 9/.E1 !
    BULBULS 7,PYCNONOTUS HOEMORRH\S7 :
    8FI<T ) GRT _S48 997#D7
      --,QUOT$ 0,MR4 ,G\LD1 ,9TRODUC;N
    6! ,TRO*ILIDAE1 #AHFA1 PAGE #BI4
      997#B7 ,G\LD1 IBID41 P4 #EB4
  997#C7 ,W4 ,?OMPSON1 ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY
( ,IREL&3 ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHEJ1 P4
#CBG4
      997#D7 ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1
    #AHFC1 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #IF4
      ,! POLYGAM\S RUFF 7SEE ,MA*ETES
    PUGNAX1 FIG4 #CG7 IS NOTORI\S = 8
    EXTREME PUGNAC;Y2 & 9 ! SPR+1 !
    MALES1 : >E 3SID]ABLY L>G] ?AN !
    FEMALES1 3GREGATE "D AF "D AT A
    "PICUL> SPOT1 ": ! FEMALES PROPOSE
    6LAY _! E7S4 ,! F[L]S 4COV] ^! SPOTS
    0! TURF 2+ TRAMPL$ "S:AT B>E4 ,"H !Y
    FI<T V M* L GAME-COCKS1 SEIZ+ EA*
    O!R ) _! B1KS & /RIK+ ) _! W+S4 ,!
    GRT RUFF ( F1!RS R.D ! NECK IS !N
    ERECT$1 & AC 6,COL4 ,MONTAGU 8SWEEPS
    ! GR.D Z A %IELD 6DEF5D ! M T5D]
    "PS02 & ? IS ! ONLY 9/.E "KN 6ME 9 !
    CASE ( BIRDS ( ANY /RUCTURE S]V+ Z A
    %IELD4 ,! RUFF ( F1!RS1 H["E1 F XS
    V>I$ & RI* COL\RS PROBABLY S]VES 9
    *IEF "P Z AN ORNA;T4 ,L MO/
    PUGNACI\S BIRDS1 !Y SEEM ALW R1DY
    6FI<T1 & :5 CLOSELY 3F9$1 (T5 KILL
    EA* O!R2 B ,MONTAGU OBS]V$ T _!
    PUGNAC;Y 2COMES GRT] DUR+ ! SPR+1 :5
    ! L;G F1!RS ON _! NECKS >E FULLY
    DEVELOP$2 & AT ? P]IOD ! L1/ MOVE;T
    0ANY "O BIRD PROVOKES A G5]AL
    BATTLE4 99 ,(! PUGNAC;Y ( WEB-FOOT$
    BIRDS1 TWO 9/.ES W SU6ICE3 9 ,GUIANA
    8BLOODY FI<TS O3UR DUR+ ! BRE$+-
    S1SON 2T ! MALES (! WILD MUSK-DUCK
    7,CAIR9A MOS*ATA72 & ": ^! FI<TS H
    O3URR$ ! RIV] IS COV]$ = "S 4T.E )
    F1!RS48 997#B7 ,BIRDS : SEEM ILL-
    ADAPT$ = FI<T+ 5GAGE 9 FI]CE
    3FLICTS2 ?US ! /R;G] MALES (!
    PELICAN DRIVE AWAY ! W1K] "OS1
    SNAPP+ ) _! HUGE B1KS & GIV+ H1VY
    BL[S ) _! W+S4 ,MALE SNIPE FI<T TGR1
    8TU7+ & PU%+ EA* O!R ) _! BILLS 9 !
    MO/ CURI\S MANN] IMAG9A#40 ,"S FEW
    BIRDS >E 2LIEV$ N"E 6FI<T2 ? IS !
    CASE1 AC 6,AUDUBON1 ) "O (!
    WOODPECK]S (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,PICU
    SAURATUS71 AL? 8! H5S >E FOLL[$ 0EV5
    HALF A DOZ5 ( _! GAY SUITORS48
    997#C7
      --,MACGILLIVRAY1 ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI%
    ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;IV41 #AHEB1 PP4 #AGG-
    #AHA4
      997#B7 ,SIR ,R4 ,S*OMBURGK1 9
    ,J\RNAL ( ,ROYAL ,GEOGRAPHIC
    ,SOCIETY1 VOL4 ;XIII41 #AHDC1 P4
    #CA4
      997#C7 ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1
    VOL4 I41 P4 #AIA4 ,= PELICANS &
    SNIPES1 SEE VOL4 ;III41 PP4 #ACH1
    #DGG4
  ,! MALES ( _M BIRDS >E L>G] ?AN !
FEMALES1 & ? NO D\BT IS ! RESULT (!
ADVANTAGE GA9$ 0! L>G] & /R;G] MALES OV]
_! RIVALS DUR+ _M G5],NS4 ,! DI6];E 9
SIZE 2T ! TWO SEXES IS C>RI$ 6AN EXTREME
PO9T 9 S"EAL ,AU/RALIAN SPECIES2 ?US !
MALE MUSK-DUCK 7,BIZIURA71 &! MALE
,C9CLORAMPHUS CRURALIS 7ALLI$ 6\R
PIPITS7 >E 0M1SURE;T ACTU,Y TWICE Z L>GE
Z _! RESPECTIVE FEMALES4 99 ,) _M O!R
BIRDS ! FEMALES >E L>G] ?AN ! MALES2 &1
Z =M]LY REM>K$1 ! EXPLAN,N (T5 GIV51
"NLY1 T ! FEMALES H MO/ (! "W 9 FE$+ _!
"Y1 W N SU6ICE4 ,9 "S FEW CASES1 Z WE %
"HAF SEE1 ! FEMALES APP>5TLY H ACQUIR$
_! GRT] SIZE & /R5G? =! SAKE ( 3QU]+ O!R
FEMALES & OBTA9+ POSSES.N (! MALES4
      --,G\LD1 ,H&BOOK ( ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4 I41 P4 #CIE2 VOL4
    ;II41 P4 #CHC4
      ,! MALES ( _M GALL9ACE\S BIRDS1
    ESPECI,Y (! POLYGAM\S K9DS1 >E
    FURNI%$ ) SPECIAL W1PONS = FI<T+ )
    _! RIVALS1 "NLY SPURS1 : C 2 US$ )
    FE>;L E6ECT4 ,X HAS BE5 RECORD$ 0A
    TRU/WOR?Y WRIT] 99 T 9 ,D]BY%IRE A
    KITE /RUCK AT A GAME-H5 A3OMPANI$
    0H] *ICK5S1 :5 ! COCK RU%$ 6!
    RESCUE1 & DROVE 8 SPUR "R "? ! EYE &
    SKULL (! A7RESSOR4 ,! SPUR 0 )
    DI6ICULTY DRAWN F ! SKULL1 & Z !
    KITE1 ?\< D1D1 RETA9$ 8 GRASP1 ! TWO
    BIRDS 7 FIRMLY LOCK$ TGR2 B ! COCK
    :5 45TANGL$ 0 V LL 9JUR$4 ,! 9V9CI#
    C\RAGE (! GAME-COCK IS NOTORI\S3 A
    G5TLEMAN :O L;G AGO WIT;S$ ! BRUTAL
    SC5E1 TOLD ME T A BIRD _H BO? XS
    LEGS BROK5 0"S A3ID5T 9 ! COCKPIT1 &
    ! [N] LAID A WAG] T IF ! LEGS CD 2
    SPLIC$ S T ! BIRD CD /& UP"R1 HE WD
    3T9UE FI<T+4 ,? 0 E6ECT$ ON ! SPOT1
    &! BIRD F"\ ) UNDAUNT$ C\RAGE UNTIL
    HE RCVD 8 D1?-/ROKE4 ,9 ,CEYLON A
    CLOSELY ALLI$1 WILD SPECIES1 !
    ,GALLUS /ANLEYI1 IS "KN 6FI<T
    DESP]ATELY 8IN DEF;E ( 8 S]AGLIO10 S
    T "O (! -BATANTS IS FREQU5TLY F.D
    D1D4 99 7#B7 ,AN ,9DIAN "PRIDGE
    7,ORTYGORNIS GUL>IS71 ! MALE ( : IS
    FURNI%$ ) /R;G & %>P SPURS1 IS S
    QU>REL"S 8T ! SC>S ( =M] FI<TS
    4FIGURE ! BR1/ ( ALM E BIRD Y KILL48
    997#C7
      --,MR4 ,HEWITT1 9 ! ,P\LTRY ,BOOK1
    0,TEGETMEI]1 #AHFF1 P4 #ACG4 997#B7
    ,LAY>D1 ,ANNALS & ,MAGAZ9E (
    ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1 VOL4 ;XIV41
  #AHED1 P4 #FC4
      997#C7 ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1
    VOL4 ;III41 P4 #EGD4
  ,! MALES ( ALM ALL GALL9ACE\S BIRDS1
EV5 ^? : >E N FURNI%$ ) SPURS1 5GAGE
DUR+ ! BRE$+- S1SON 9 FI]CE 3FLICTS4 ,!
CAP]CAILZIE & BLACK-COCK 7,TETRAO
UROGALLUS & ,T4 TETRIX71 : >E BO?
POLYGAMI/S1 H REGUL> APPO9T$ PLACES1 ":
DUR+ _M WEEKS !Y 3GREGATE 9 NUMB]S 6FI<T
TGR & 64PLAY _! *>MS 2F ! FEMALES4 ,DR4
,W4 ,KOVALEVSKY 9=MS ME T 9 ,RUSSIA HE
HAS SE5 ! SN[ ALL BLOODY ON ! >5AS ": !
CAP]CAILZIE H F"\2 &! BLACK-COCKS 8MAKE
! F1!RS FLY 9 E DIREC;N10 :5 S"EAL
85GAGE 9 A BATTLE ROYAL40 ,! ELD] ,BREHM
GIVES A CURI\S A3.T (! BALZ1 Z ! LOVE-
D.ES & LOVE S;GS (! BLACK-COCK >E CALL$
9 ,G]_M4 ,! BIRD UTT]S ALM 3T9U\SLY !
/RANGE/ NOISES3 8HE HOLDS 8 TAIL UP &
SPR1DS X \ L A FAN1 HE LIFTS UP 8 H1D &
NECK ) ALL ! F1!RS ERECT1 & /RET*ES 8
W+S F ! BODY4 ,!N HE TAKES A FEW JUMPS 9
DI6]5T DIREC;NS "S"TS 9 A CIRCLE1 &
PRESSES ! "U "P ( 8 B1K S H>D AG/ ! GR.D
T ! *9 F1!RS >E RU2$ (F4 ,DUR+ ^!
MOVE;TS HE B1TS 8 W+S & TURNS R.D & R.D4
,! M >D5T HE GR[S ! M LIVELY HE 2COMES1
UNTIL AT LA/ ! BIRD APPE>S L A FRANTIC
CR1TURE40 ,AT S* "TS ! BLACK-COCKS >E S
ABSORB$ T !Y 2COME ALM BL & D1F1 B LESS
S ?AN ! CAP]CAILZIE3 H;E BIRD AF BIRD
MAY 2 %OT ON ! SAME SPOT1 OR EV5 CAU<T
0! H&4 ,AF P]=M+ ^! ANTICS ! MALES 2G9
6FI<T3 &! SAME BLACK-COCK1 9 ORD] 6PROVE
8 /R5G? OV] S"EAL ANTAGONI/S1 W VISIT 9
! C\RSE ( "O MORN+ S"EAL BALZ PLACES1 :
REMA9 ! SAME DUR+ SU3ESSIVE YE>S4 99
      --,BREHM1 ,ILLU/4 ,?I]LEB51 #AHFG1
    ,B4 ;IV41 S4 #CEA4 ,"S (! =EGO+
    /ATE;TS >E TAK5 F ,L4 ,LLOYD1 ,GAME
    ,BIRDS ( ,SW$51 &C41 #AHFG1 P4 #GI4
  ,! P1COCK ) 8 L;G TRA9 APPE>S M L A
D&Y ?AN A W>RIOR1 B HE "S"TS 5GAGES 9
FI]CE 3TE/S3 ! ,REV4 ,W4 ,D>W9 ,FOX 9=MS
ME T AT "S LL 4T.E F ,*E/] TWO P1COCKS
2CAME S EXCIT$ :IL/ FI<T+1 T !Y FLEW OV]
! :OLE C;Y1 / 5GAG$1 UNTIL !Y ALI<T$ ON
! TOP ( ,/4 ,JOHN'S T[]4
  ,! SPUR1 9 ^? GALL9ACE\S BIRDS : >E
?US PROVID$1 IS G5],Y S+LE2 B
,POLYPLECTRON 7SEE FIG4 #EA7 HAS TWO OR
M ON EA* LEG2 & "O (! BLOOD-PH1SANTS
7,I?AG9IS CRU5TUS7 HAS BE5 SE5 ) FIVE
SPURS4 ,! SPURS >E G5],Y 3F9$ 6! MALE1
2+ REPRES5T$ 0M]E KNOBS OR RUDI;TS 9 !
FEMALE2 B ! FEMALES (! ,JAVA P1COCK
7,PAVO MUTICUS7 &1 Z ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4
,BLY?1 (! SMALL FIRE-BACK$ PH1SANT
7,EUPLOCAMUS ]Y?ROP?ALMUS7 POSSESS
SPURS4 ,9 ,GALLOP]DIX X IS USUAL =!
MALES 6H TWO SPURS1 &=! FEMALES 6H ONLY
"O ON EA* LEG4 99 ,H;E SPURS MAY 2
3SID]$ Z A MASCUL9E /RUCTURE1 : HAS BE5
O3A.N,Y M OR LESS TRANSF]R$ 6! FEMALES4
,L MO/ O!R SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 ! SPURS
>E HI<LY V>IA#1 BO? 9 NUMB] & DEVELOP;T1
9 ! SAME SPECIES4
      --,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA3 ON
    ,I?AG9IS1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #EBC2 ON
    ,GALLOP]DIX1 P4 #EDA4
  ,V>I\S BIRDS H SPURS ON _! W+S4 ,B !
,EGYPTIAN GOOSE 7,*5ALOPEX AEGYPTIACUS7
HAS ONLY 8B>E OBTUSE KNOBS10 & ^!
PROBABLY %EW U ! F/ /EPS 0: TRUE SPURS H
BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 O!R SPECIES4 ,9 ! SPUR-
W+$ GOOSE1 ,PLECTROPT]US GAMB5SIS1 !
MALES H M* L>G] SPURS ?AN ! FEMALES2 &
!Y USE !M1 Z ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4 ,B>TLETT1
9 FI<T+ TGR1 S T1 9 ? CASE1 ! W+-SPURS
S]VE Z SEXUAL W1PONS2 B AC 6,LIV+/"O1 !Y
>E *IEFLY US$ 9 ! DEF;E (! "Y4 ,!
,PALAM$EA 7SEE FIG4 #CH7 IS >M$ )A PAIR
( SPURS ON EA* W+2 & ^! >E S* =MIDA#
W1PONS T A S+LE BL[ HAS BE5 "KN 6DRIVE A
DOG H[L+ AWAY4 ,B X DOES N APPE> T !
SPURS 9 ? CASE1 OR 9 T ( "S (! SPUR-W+$
RAILS1 >E L>G] 9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE4
99 ,9 C]TA9 PLOV]S1 H["E1 ! W+-SPURS M/
2 3SID]$ Z A SEXUAL "*4 ,?US 9 ! MALE (
\R -MON PEEWIT 7,VANELLUS CRI/ATUS7 !
TUB]CLE ON ! %\LD] (! W+ 2COMES M
PROM95T DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 &! MALES
FI<T TGR4 ,9 "S SPECIES ( ,LOBIVANELLUS
A SIMIL> TUB]CLE 2COMES DEVELOP$ DUR+ !
BRE$+-S1SON 896A %ORT HORNY SPUR40 ,9 !
,AU/RALIAN ,L4 LOBATUS BO? SEXES H
SPURS1 B ^! >E M* L>G] 9 ! MALES ?AN 9 !
FEMALES4 ,9 AN ALLI$ BIRD1 ! ,HOPLOPT]US
>MATUS1 ! SPURS D N 9CR1SE 9 SIZE DUR+ !
BRE$+-S1SON2 B ^! BIRDS H BE5 SE5 9
,EGYPT 6FI<T TGR1 9 ! SAME MANN] Z \R
PEEWITS1 0TURN+ SU45LY 9 ! AIR & /RIK+
SIDEWAYS AT EA* O!R1 "S"TS ) FATAL
RESULTS4 ,?US AL !Y DRIVE AWAY O!R
5EMIES4 99 7#B7
      --,=! ,EGYPTIAN GOOSE1 SEE
    ,MACGILLIVRAY1 ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1 VOL4
    ;IV41 P4 #FCI4 ,= ,PLECTROPT]US1
    ,LIV+/"O'S ,TRAVELS1 P4 #BED4 ,=
    ,PALAM$EA1 ,BREHM'S ,ILLU/RI]TES
    ,?I]LEB51 ,B4 ;IV41 S4 #GDJ4 ,SEE AL
    ON ? BIRD ,AZ>A1 ,VOYAGES DANS
    L',AM]IQUE M]ID41 TOM4 ;IV41 #AHJI1
    PP4 #AGI1 #BEC4
      997#B7 ,SEE1 ON \R PEEWIT1 ,MR4
    ,R4 ,C>R 9 ,L& & ,WAT]1 ,AUG4 #H1
    #AHFH1 P4 #DF4 ,9 REG>D
    6,LOBIVANELLUS1 SEE ,J]DON'S ,BIRDS
    ( ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #FDG1 &
    ,G\LD'S ,H&BOOK ( ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #BBJ4 ,=!
    ,HOPLOPT]US1 SEE ,MR4 ,ALL5 9 !
    ,IBIS41 VOL4 V41 #AHFC1 P4 #AEF4
  ,! S1SON ( LOVE IS T ( BATTLE2 B !
MALES ( "S BIRDS1 Z (! GAME-F[L & RUFF1
& EV5 ! "Y MALES (! WILD TURKEY & GR\SE1
99 >E R1DY 6FI<T :5"E !Y MEET4 ,! PRES;E
(! FEMALE IS ! TET]RIMA BELLI CAUSA4 ,!
,B5GALI BABOOS MAKE ! PRETTY LL MALES (!
AMADAVAT 7,E/RELDA AM&AVA7 FI<T TGR
0PLAC+ ?REE SMALL CAGES 9 A R[1 )A
FEMALE 9 ! MI4LE2 AF A LL "T ! TWO MALES
>E TURN$ LOOSE1 & IMMLY A DESP]ATE
BATTLE 5SUES4 99 7#B7 ,:5 _M MALES
3GREGATE AT ! SAME APPO9T$ SPOT & FI<T
TGR1 Z 9 ! CASE ( GR\SE & V>I\S O!R
BIRDS1 !Y >E G5],Y ATT5D$ 0! FEMALES1 99
7#C7 : AFWS PAIR )! VICTORI\S -BATANTS4
,B 9 "S CASES ! PAIR+ PREC$ES 9/1D (
SU3E$+ ! -BAT3 ?US AC 6,AUDUBON1 99 7#D7
S"EAL MALES (! ,VIRG9IAN GOAT-SUCK]
7,CAPRIMULGUS VIRGIANUS7 8C\RT1 9 A
HI<LY 5T]TA9+ MANN] ! FEMALE1 & NO SOON]
HAS %E MADE H] *OICE1 ?AN H] APPROV$
GIVES *ASE 6ALL 9TRUD]S & DRIVES !M 2Y 8
DOM9IONS40 ,G5],Y ! MALES TRY 6DRIVE
AWAY OR KILL _! RIVALS 2F !Y PAIR4 ,X
DOES N1 H["E1 APPE> T ! FEMALES 9V>IABLY
PREF] ! VICTORI\S MALES4 ,I H 9DE$ BE5
ASSUR$ 0,DR4 ,W4 ,KOVALEVSKY T ! FEMALE
CAP]CAILZIE "S"TS /1LS AWAY )A "Y MALE
:O HAS N D>$ 65T] ! >5A )! OLD] COCKS1 9
! SAME MANN] Z O3A.N,Y HAPP5S )! DOES (!
R$-DE] 9 ,SCOTL&4 ,:5 TWO MALES 3T5D 9
PRES;E (A S+LE FEMALE1 ! VICTOR1 NO
D\BT1 -MONLY GA9S 8 DESIRE2 B "S ( ^!
BATTLES >E CAUS$ 0W&]+ MALES TRY+
64TRACT ! P1CE ( AN ALR MAT$ PAIR4 99
7#E7
      --,AUDUBON1 ,ORNI?OLOGICAL
    ,BIOGRAPHY1 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #DIB2 VOL4
    I41 PP4 #D-AC4
      997#B7 ,MR4 ,BLY?1 ,L& & ,WAT]1
    #AHFG1 P4 #BAB4
      997#C7 ,RI*>DSON ON ,TETRAO
    UMBELLUS1 ,FAUNA ,BOR4 ,AM]43
    ,BIRDS1 #AHCA1 P4 #CDC4 ,L4 ,LLOYD1
    ,GAME ,BIRDS ( ,SW$51 #AHFG1 PP4
    #BB1 #GI1 ON ! CAP]CAILZIE & BLACK-
    COCK4 ,BREHM1 H["E1 ASS]TS
    7,?I]LEB51 ,B4 ;IV41 S4 #CEB7 T 9
    ,G]_M ! GREY-H5S D N G5],Y ATT5D !
    ,BALZ5 (! BLACK-COCKS1 B ? IS AN
    EXCEP;N 6! -MON RULE2 POSSIBLY ! H5S
    MAY LIE HI45 9 ! SURR.D+ BU%ES1 Z IS
    "KN 6BE ! CASE )! GREY-H5S 9
    ,SC&9AVIA1 &) O!R SPECIES 9 ,N4
    ,AM]ICA4
      997#D7 ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1
    VOL4 ;II41 P4 #BGE4
      997#E7 ,BREHM1 ,?I]LEB51 &C41 ,B4
    ;IV41 #AHFG1 P4 #IIJ4 ,AUDUBON1
    ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1 VOL4
    ;II41 P4 #DIB4
      ,EV5 )! MO/ PUGNACI\S SPECIES X IS
    PROBA# T ! PAIR+ DOES N DEP5D
    EXCLUSIVELY ON ! M]E /R5G? & C\RAGE
    (! MALE2 = S* MALES >E G5],Y
    DECORAT$ ) V>I\S ORNA;TS1 : (T5
    2COME M BRILLIANT DUR+ ! BRE$+-
    S1SON1 & : >E S$UL\SLY 4PLAY$ 2F !
    FEMALES4 ,! MALES AL 5D1V\R 6*>M OR
    EXCITE _! MATES 0LOVE-NOTES1 S;GS1 &
    ANTICS2 &! C\RT%IP IS1 9 _M 9/.ES1 A
    PROL;G$ A6AIR4 ,H;E X IS N PROBA# T
    ! FEMALES >E 9DI6]5T 6! *>MS (!
    OPPOSITE SEX1 OR T !Y >E 9V>IABLY
    -PELL$ 6YIELD 6! VICTORI\S MALES4 ,X
    IS M PROBA# T ! FEMALES >E EXCIT$1
    EI 2F OR AF ! 3FLICT1 0C]TA9 MALES1
    & ?US UNCONSCI\SLY PREF] !M4 ,9 !
    CASE ( ,TETRAO UMBELLUS1 A GD OBS]V]
    99 GOES S F> Z 62LIEVE T ! BATTLES (
    ! MALE 8>E ALL A %AM1 P]=M$ 6%[ !MVS
    6! GRTE/ ADVANTAGE 2F ! ADMIR+
    FEMALES :O ASSEM# >.D2 = ,I H N"E
    BE5 A# 6F9D A MAIM$ H]O1 & SELDOM M
    ?AN A BROK5 F1!R40 ,I % H 6RECUR 6?
    SUBJECT1 B ,I MAY "H ADD T )!
    ,TETRAO CUPIDO (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AB
    A SCORE ( MALES ASSEM# AT A "PICUL>
    SPOT1 &1 /RUTT+ AB1 MAKE ! :OLE AIR
    RES.D ) _! EXTRAORD9>Y NOISES4 ,AT !
    F/ ANSW] F A FEMALE ! MALES 2G9
    6FI<T FURI\SLY1 &! W1K] GIVE WAY2 B
    !N1 AC 6,AUDUBON1 BO? ! VICTORS &
    VANQUI%$ SE>* =! FEMALE1 S T !
    FEMALES M/ EI !N EX]T A *OICE1 OR !
    BATTLE M/ 2 RENEW$4 ,S1 AG1 ) "O (!
    FIELD-/>L+S (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES
    7,/URNELLA LUDOVICIANA7 ! MALES
    5GAGE 9 FI]CE 3FLICTS1 8B AT ! SI<T
    (A FEMALE !Y ALL FLY AF H] Z IF
    MAD48 997#B7
      --,L& & ,WAT]1 ,JULY #BE1 #AHFH1
    P4 #AD4
      997#B7 ,AUDUBON'S ,ORNI?OLOGICAL
    ,BIOGRAPHY2 ON ,TETRAO CUPIDO1 VOL4
    ;II41 P4 #DIB2 ON ! ,/URNUS1 VOL4
    ;II41 P4 #BAI4
  ,VOCAL & 9/RU;TAL MUSIC4- ,) BIRDS !
VOICE S]VES 6EXPRESS V>I\S EMO;NS1 S* Z
4TRESS1 FE>1 ANG]1 TRIUMPH1 OR M]E
HAPPI;S4 ,X IS APP>5TLY "S"TS US$
6EXCITE T]ROR1 Z 9 ! CASE (! HISS+ NOISE
MADE 0"S NE/L+-BIRDS4 ,AUDUBON 99 @1
RELATES T A NI<T-H]ON 7,>DEA NYCTICORAX1
,L9N471 : HE KEPT TAME1 US$ 6HIDE XF :5
A CAT APPROA*$1 & !N 8SU45LY />T UP
UTT]+ "O (! MO/ F"R;L CRIES1 APP>5TLY
5JOY+ ! CAT'S AL>M & FLI<T40 ,! -MON
DOME/IC COCK CLUCKS 6! H51 &! H5 6H]
*ICK5S1 :5 A DA9TY MORSEL IS F.D4 ,! H51
:5 %E HAS LAID AN EGG1 8REP1TS ! SAME
NOTE V (T51 & 3CLUDES )! SIX? ABV1 : %E
HOLDS =A L;G] "T02 99 7#B7 & ?US %E
EXPRESSES H] JOY4 ,"S SOCIAL BIRDS
APP>5TLY CALL 6EA* O!R = AID2 & Z !Y
FLIT F TREE 6TREE1 ! FLOCK IS KEPT TGR
0*IRP ANSW]+ *IRP4 ,DUR+ ! NOCTURNAL
MIGR,NS ( GEESE & O!R WAT]-F[L1 SONOR\S
CLANGS F ! VAN MAY 2 HE>D 9 ! D>K;S
OV]H1D1 ANSW]$ 0CLANGS 9 ! RE>4 ,C]TA9
CRIES S]VE Z DANG] SIGNALS1 :1 Z !
SPORTSMAN "KS 6HIS CO/1 >E "U/OOD 0!
SAME SPECIES & 0O!RS4 ,! DOME/IC COCK
CR[S1 &! HUMM+-BIRD *IRPS1 9 TRIUMPH OV]
A DEF1T$ RIVAL4 ,! TRUE S;G1 H["E1 ( MO/
BIRDS & V>I\S /RANGE CRIES >E *IEFLY
UTT]$ DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 & S]VE Z A
*>M1 OR M]ELY Z A CALL-NOTE1 6! O!R SEX4
      --,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1 VOL4
    V41 P4 #FJA4
      997#B7 ,! ,HON4 ,DA9ES ,B>R+TON1
    ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,TRANSAC;NS1 #AGGC1
    P4 #BEB4
      ,NATURALI/S >E M* DIVID$ ) RESPECT
    6! OBJECT (! S++ ( BIRDS4 ,FEW M
    C>E;L OBS]V]S "E LIV$ ?AN ,MONTAGU1
    & HE MA9TA9$ T ! 8MALES ( S;GBIRDS &
    ( _M O!RS D N 9 G5]AL SE>* =!
    FEMALE1 B1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 _! BUSI;S 9 !
    SPR+ IS 6P]* ON "S 3SPICU\S SPOT1
    BR1?+ \ _! FULL & >MOR\S NOTES1 :1
    09/9CT1 ! FEMALE "KS1 & REPAIRS 6!
    SPOT 6*OOSE H] MATE48 99 ,MR4 ,J5N]
    ,WEIR 9=MS ME T ? IS C]TA9LY ! CASE
    )! NI<T9GALE4 ,BE*/E91 :O KEPT BIRDS
    DUR+ 8 :OLE LIFE1 ASS]TS1 8T !
    FEMALE CAN>Y ALW *OOSES ! BE/ S+]1 &
    T 9 A /ATE ( NATURE ! FEMALE F9*
    SELECTS T MALE \ (A HUNDR$ ^: NOTES
    PL1SE H] MO/48 997#B7 ,"! C 2 NO
    D\BT T BIRDS CLOSELY ATT5D 6EA*
    O!R'S S;G4 ,MR4 ,WEIR HAS TOLD ME (!
    CASE (A BULLF9* : _H BE5 TAU<T 6PIPE
    A ,G]MAN WALTZ1 & :O 0 S GD A P]=M]
    T HE CO/ T5 GU91S2 :5 ? BIRD 0 F/
    9TRODUC$ 96A ROOM ": O!R BIRDS 7
    KEPT & HE 2GAN 6S+1 ALL ! O!RS1
    3SI/+ ( AB TW5TY L9NETS & CAN>IES1
    RANG$ !MVS ON ! NE>E/ SIDE ( _!
    CAGES1 & LI/5$ )! GRTE/ 9T]E/ 6! NEW
    P]=M]4 ,_M NATURALI/S 2LIEVE T ! S++
    ( BIRDS IS ALM EXCLUSIVELY 8! E6ECT
    ( RIVALRY & EMUL,N10 & N =! SAKE (
    *>M+ _! MATES4 ,? 0 ! OP9ION (
    ,DA9ES ,B>R+TON & ,:ITE ( ,SELBORNE1
    :O BO? ESPECI,Y ATT5D$ 6?
    SUBJECT4997#C7 ,B>R+TON1 H["E1
    ADMITS T 8SUP]IOR;Y 9 S;G GIVES
    6BIRDS AN AMAZ+ ASC5DANCY OV] O!RS1
    Z IS WELL "KN 6BIRD-CAT*]S40
      --,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,DIC;N>Y1 #AHCC1
    P4 #DGE4
      997#B7 ,NATURGES*I*TE D]
    ,/UB5VOGEL1 #AHDJ1 S4 #D4 ,MR4
    ,H>RISON ,WEIR LIKEWISE WRITES 6ME2
    8,I AM 9=M$ T ! BE/ S++ MALES G5],Y
    GET A MATE F/1 :5 !Y >E BR$ 9 ! SAME
    ROOM10
      997#C7 ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,TRANSAC;NS1
    #AGGC1 P4 #BFC4 ,:ITE'S ,NATURAL
    ,HI/ORY ( ,SELBORNE1 #AHBE1 VOL4 I41
    P4 #BDF4
  ,X IS C]TA9 T "! IS AN 9T5SE DEGREE (
RIVALRY 2T ! MALES 9 _! S++4 ,BIRD-
FANCI]S MAT* _! BIRDS 6SEE : W S+ L;GE/2
& ,I 0 TOLD 0,MR4 ,Y>RELL T A F/-RATE
BIRD W "S"TS S+ TILL HE DROPS D[N ALM
D1D1 OR AC 6,BE*/E91 99 Q D1D F RUPTUR+
A VESSEL 9 ! LUNGS4 ,:AT"E ! CAUSE MAY
BE1 MALE BIRDS1 Z ,I HE> F ,MR4 ,WEIR1
(T5 DIE SU45LY DUR+ ! S1SON ( S;G4 ,T !
HABIT ( S++ IS "S"TS Q 9DEP5D5T ( LOVE
IS CLE>1 =A /]ILE1 HYBRID CAN>Y-BIRD HAS
BE5 DESCRIB$ 99 7#B7 Z S++ :IL/ VIEW+ XF
9 A MIRROR1 & !N DA%+ AT XS [N IMAGE2 X
LIKEWISE ATTACK$ ) FURY A FEMALE CAN>Y1
:5 PUT 96! SAME CAGE4 ,! J1L\SY EXCIT$
0! ACT ( S++ IS 3/ANTLY TAK5 ADVANTAGE (
0BIRD-CAT*]S2 A MALE 9 GD S;G1 IS HI45 &
PROTECT$1 :IL/ A /U6$ BIRD1 SURR.D$
0LIM$ TWIGS1 IS EXPOS$ 6VIEW4 ,9 ?
MANN]1 Z ,MR4 ,WEIR 9=MS ME1 A MAN HAS 9
! C\RSE (A S+LE "D CAU<T FIFTY1 & 9 "O
9/.E1 SEV5TY1 MALE *A69*ES4 ,! P[] &
9CL9,N 6S+ DI6] S GRTLY ) BIRDS T AL? !
PRICE ( AN ORD9>Y MALE *A69* IS ONLY
SIXP;E1 ,MR4 ,WEIR SAW "O BIRD = : !
BIRD-CAT*] ASK$ ?REE P.DS2 ! TE/ (A RE,Y
GD S+] 2+ T X W 3T9UE 6S+ :IL/ ! CAGE IS
SWUNG R.D ! [N]'S H1D4
      --,NATURGES*4 D] ,/UB5VOGEL1
    #AHDJ1 S4 #BEB4
      997#B7 ,MR4 ,BOLD1 ,ZOOLOGI/1
    #AHDC-DD1 P4 #FEI4
  ,T MALE BIRDS %D S+ F EMUL,N Z WELL Z
= *>M+ ! FEMALE1 IS N AT ALL 9COMPATI#2
& X MI<T H BE5 EXPECT$ T ^! TWO HABITS
WD H 3CURR$1 L ^? ( 4PLAY & PUGNAC;Y4
,"S AU?ORS1 H["E1 >GUE T ! S;G (! MALE
_C S]VE 6*>M ! FEMALE1 2C ! FEMALES ( "S
FEW SPECIES1 S* Z (! CAN>Y1 ROB91 L>K1 &
BULLF9*1 ESPECI,Y :5 9 A /ATE (
WID[HOOD1 Z ,BE*/E9 REM>KS1 P\R =?
FAIRLY MELODI\S /RA9S4 ,9 "S ( ^! CASES
! HABIT ( S++ MAY 2 9 "P ATTRIBUT$ 6!
FEMALES HAV+ BE5 HI<LY F$ & 3F9$1 99 = ?
4TURBS ALL ! FUNC;NS 3NECT$ )!
REPRODUC;N (! SPECIES4 ,_M 9/.ES H ALR
BE5 GIV5 (! "PIAL TRANSF];E ( SECOND>Y
MASCUL9E "*S 6! FEMALE1 S T X IS N AT
ALL SURPRIS+ T ! FEMALES ( "S SPECIES %D
POSSESS ! P[] ( S;G4 ,X HAS AL BE5 >GU$1
T ! S;G (! MALE _C S]VE Z A *>M1 2C !
MALES ( C]TA9 SPECIES1 = 9/.E (! ROB91
S+ DUR+ ! AUTUMN4 99 7#B7 ,B NO?+ IS M
-MON ?AN = ANIMALS 6TAKE PL1SURE 9
PRACTIS+ :AT"E 9/9CT !Y FOLL[ AT O!R "TS
= "S R1L GD4 ,H[ (T5 D WE SEE BIRDS :
FLY EASILY1 GLID+ & SAIL+ "? ! AIR
OBVI\SLY = PL1SURE8 ,! CAT PLAYS )!
CAPTUR$ M\SE1 &! CORMORANT )! CAPTUR$
FI%4 ,! W1V]-BIRD 7,PLOCEUS71 :5 3F9$ 9
A CAGE1 AMUSES XF 0N1TLY W1V+ BLADES (
GRASS 2T ! WIRES ( XS CAGE4 ,BIRDS :
HABITU,Y FI<T DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON >E
G5],Y R1DY 6FI<T AT ALL "TS2 &! MALES (!
CAP]CAILZIE "S"TS HOLD _! ,BALZ5 OR LEKS
AT ! USUAL PLACE ( ASSEMBLAGE DUR+ !
AUTUMN4 99 7#C7 ,H;E X IS N AT ALL
SURPRIS+ T MALE BIRDS %D 3T9UE S++ = _!
[N AMUSE;T AF ! S1SON = C\RT%IP IS OV]4
      --,D4 ,B>R+TON1 ,PHILOSOPHICAL
    ,TRANSAC;NS1 #AGGC1 P4 #BFB4
    ,BE*/E91 ,/UB5VOGEL1 #AHDJ1 S4 #D4
      997#B7 ,? IS LIKEWISE ! CASE )!
    WAT]-\ZEL2 SEE ,MR4 ,HEPBURN 9 !
    ,ZOOLOGI/1 #AHDE-DF1 P4 #AJFH4
      997#C7 ,L4 ,LLOYD1 ,GAME ,BIRDS (
    ,SW$51 #AHFG1 P4 #BE4
  ,Z %EWN 9 A PREVI\S *APT]1 S++ IS 6A
C]TA9 EXT5T AN >T1 & IS M* IMPROV$
0PRACTICE4 ,BIRDS C 2 TAU<T V>I\S TUNES1
& EV5 ! UNMELODI\S SP>R[ HAS LE>NT 6S+ L
A L9NET4 ,!Y ACQUIRE ! S;G ( _! FO/]
P>5TS1 99 & "S"TS T ( _! NEI<B\RS4 99
7#B7 ,ALL ! -MON S;G/]S 2L;G 6! ,ORD] (
,9SESSORES1 & _! VOCAL ORGANS >E M* M
-PLEX ?AN ^? ( MO/ O!R BIRDS2 YET X IS A
S+UL> FACT T "S (! ,9SESSORES1 S* Z
RAV5S1 CR[S1 & MAGPIES1 POSSESS ! PROP]
APP>ATUS1 99 7#C7 ?\< !Y N"E S+1 & D N
NATUR,Y MODULATE _! VOICES 6ANY GRT
EXT5T4 ,HUNT] ASS]TS 99 7#D7 T )! TRUE
S;G/]S ! MUSCLES (! L>YNX >E /R;G] 9 !
MALES ?AN 9 ! FEMALES2 B ) ? SLI<T
EXCEP;N "! IS NO DI6];E 9 ! VOCAL ORGANS
(! TWO SEXES1 AL? ! MALES ( MO/ SPECIES
S+ S M* BETT] & M 3T9U\SLY ?AN !
FEMALES4
      --,B>R+TON1 IBID41 P4 #BFD1
    ,BE*/E91 IBID41 S4 #E4
      997#B7 ,DUR1U DE LA ,MALLE GIVES A
    CURI\S 9/.E 7,ANNALES DES ,SC4
    ,NAT41 #CRD S]IES1 ,ZOOLOG41 TOM4
    X41 P4 #AAH7 ( "S WILD BLACKBIRDS 9
    8 G>D5 9 ,P>IS1 : NATUR,Y LE>NT A
    REPUBLICAN AIR F A CAG$ BIRD4
      997#C7 ,BI%OP1 9 ,TODD'S
    ,CYCLOPAEDIA ( ,ANATOMY &
    ,PHYSIOLOGY1 VOL4 ;IV41 P4 #ADIF4
      997#D7 ,Z /AT$ 0,B>R+TON 9
    ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,TRANSAC;NS1 #AGGC1
    P4 #BFB4
  ,X IS REM>KA# T ONLY SMALL BIRDS
PROP]LY S+4 ,! ,AU/RALIAN G5US ,M5URA1
H["E1 M/ 2 EXCEPT$2 =! ,M5URA ALB]TI1 :
IS AB ! SIZE (A HALF-GR[N TURKEY1 N ONLY
MOCKS O!R BIRDS1 B 8XS [N :I/LE IS
EXCE$+LY B1UTI;L & V>I$40 ,! MALES
3GREGATE & =M 8CORROBORY+ PLACES10 ": !Y
S+1 RAIS+ & SPR1D+ _! TAILS L P1COCKS1 &
DROOP+ _! W+S4 99 ,X IS AL REM>KA# T
BIRDS : S+ WELL >E R>ELY DECORAT$ )
BRILLIANT COL\RS OR O!R ORNA;TS4 ,( \R
,BRITI% BIRDS1 EXCEPT+ ! BULLF9* &
GOLDF9*1 ! BE/ S;G/]S >E PLA9-COL\R$4 ,!
K+FI%]1 BEE-EAT]1 ROLL]1 HOOPOE1 WOOD-
PECK]S1 &C41 UTT] H>% CRIES2 &!
BRILLIANT BIRDS (! TROPICS >E H>DLY "E
S;G/]S4 99 7#B7 ,H;E B"R COL\RS &! P[] (
S;G SEEM 6REPLACE EA* O!R4 ,WE C P]CV T
IF ! PLUMAGE DID N V>Y 9 B"R;S1 OR IF
B"R COL\RS 7 DANG]\S 6! SPECIES1 O!R
M1NS WD 2 EMPLOY$ 6*>M ! FEMALES2 &
MELODY ( VOICE (F]S "O S* M1NS4
      --,G\LD1 ,H&BOOK (! ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4 I41 #AHFE1 PP4 #CJH-
    #CAJ4 ,SEE AL ,MR4 ,T4 ,W4 ,WOOD 9 !
    ,/UD5T1 ,APRIL1 #AHGJ1 P4 #ABE4
      997#B7 ,SEE REM>KS 6? E6ECT 9
    ,G\LD'S ,9TRODUC;N 6! ,TRO*ILIDAE11
    #AHFA1 P4 #BB4
  ,9 "S BIRDS ! VOCAL ORGANS DI6] GRTLY
9 ! TWO SEXES4 ,9 ! ,TETRAO CUPIDO 7SEE
FIG4 #CI7 ! MALE HAS TWO B>E1 ORANGE-
COL\R$ SACKS1 "O ON EA* SIDE (! NECK2 &
^! >E L>GELY 9FLAT$ :5 ! MALE1 DUR+ !
BRE$+-S1SON1 MAKES 8 CURI\S HOLL[ S.D1
AUDI# AT A GRT 4T.E4 ,AUDUBON PROV$ T !
S.D 0 9TIMATELY 3NECT$ ) ? APP>ATUS 7:
REM9DS U (! AIR-SACKS ON EA* SIDE (! M\?
( C]TA9 MALE FROGS71 = HE F.D T ! S.D 0
M* DIM9I%$ :5 "O (! SACKS (A TAME BIRD 0
PRICK$1 & :5 BO? 7 PRICK$ X 0 ALT /OPP$4
,! FEMALE HAS 8A "S:AT SIMIL>1 ?\<
SMALL] NAK$ SPACE ( SK9 ON ! NECK2 B ?
IS N CAPA# ( 9FL,N48 99 ,! MALE ( ANO!R
K9D ( GR\SE 7,TETRAO UROPHASIANUS71 :IL/
C\RT+ ! FEMALE1 HAS 8 8B>E YELL[
OESOPHAGUS 9FLAT$ 6A PRODIGI\S SIZE1
FULLY HALF Z L>GE Z ! BODY02 & HE !N
UTT]S V>I\S GRAT+1 DEEP1 HOLL[ T"OS4 ,)
8 NECK-F1!RS ERECT1 8 W+S L[]$1 & BUZZ+
ON ! GR.D1 & 8 L;G PO9T$ TAIL SPR1D \ L
A FAN1 HE 4PLAYS A V>IETY ( GROTESQUE
ATTITUDES4 ,! OESOPHAGUS (! FEMALE IS N
9 ANY WAY REM>KA#4 99 7#B7
      --,! ,SPORTSMAN & ,NATURALI/ 9
    ,CANADA1 0,MAJOR ,W4 ,ROSS ,K+1
    #AHFF1 PP4 #ADD-ADF4 ,MR4 ,T4 ,W4
    ,WOOD GIVES 9 ! ,/UD5T 7,APRIL1
    #AHGJ1 P4 #AAF7 AN EXCELL5T A3.T (!
    ATTITUDE & HABITS ( ? BIRD DUR+ XS
    C\RT%IP4 ,HE /ATES T ! E>-TUFTS OR
    NECK-PLUMES >E ERECT$1 S T !Y MEET
    OV] ! CR[N (! H1D4 ,SEE 8 DRAW+1
    FIG4 #CI4
      997#B7 ,RI*>DSON1 ,FAUNA ,BOR4
    ,AM]ICANA3 ,BIRDS1 #AHCA1 P4 #CEI4
    ,AUDUBON1 IBID41 VOL4 ;IV41 P4 #EJG4
  ,X SEEMS N[ WELL MADE \ T ! GRT ?ROAT
P\* (! ,EUROP1N MALE BU/>D 7,OTIS T>DA71
&( AT L1/ F\R O!R SPECIES1 DOES N1 Z 0
=M]LY SUPPOS$1 S]VE 6HOLD WAT]1 B IS
3NECT$ )! UTT].E DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON (A
PECULI> S.D RESEMBL+ 8OAK48 99 ,A CR[-L
BIRD 9HABIT+ ,S\? ,AM]ICA 7SEE
,CEPHALOPT]US ORNATUS1 FIG4 #DJ7 IS
CALL$ ! UMBRELLA-BIRD1 F XS IMM5SE TOP
KNOT1 =M$ ( B>E :ITE QUILLS SURM.T$
0D>K-BLUE PLUMES1 : X C ELEVATE 96A GRT
DOME NO LESS ?AN FIVE 9*ES 9 DIAMET]1
COV]+ ! :OLE H1D4 ,? BIRD HAS ON XS NECK
A L;G1 ?91 CYL9DRICAL FLE%Y APP5DAGE1 :
IS ?ICKLY CLO!D ) SCALE-L BLUE F1!RS4 ,X
PROBABLY S]VES 9 "P Z AN ORNA;T1 B
LIKEWISE Z A RES.D+ APP>ATUS2 = ,MR4
,BATES F.D T X IS 3NECT$ 8) AN UNUSUAL
DEVELOP;T (! TRA*EA & VOCAL ORGANS40 ,X
IS DILAT$ :5 ! BIRD UTT]S XS S+UL>LY
DEEP1 L\D & L;G SU/A9$ FLUTY NOTE4 ,!
H1D-CRE/ & NECK-APP5DAGE >E RUDI;T>Y 9 !
FEMALE4 99 7#B7
      --,! FOLL[+ PAP]S H BE5 LATELY
    WRITT5 ON ? SUBJECT3 ,PR(4 ,A4
    ,NEWTON1 9 ! ,IBIS1 #AHFB1 P4 #AJG2
    ,DR4 ,CULL51 IBID41 #AHFE1 P4 #ADE2
    ,MR4 ,FL[]1 9 ,PROC4 ,ZOOL4 ,SOC41
    #AHFE1 P4 #GDG2 & ,DR4 ,MURIE1 9
    ,PROC4 ,ZOOL4 ,SOC41 #AHFH1 P4 #DGA4
    ,9 ? LATT] PAP] AN EXCELL5T FIGURE
    IS GIV5 (! MALE ,AU/RALIAN BU/>D 9
    FULL 4PLAY )! SACK 4T5D$4 ,X IS A
    S+UL> FACT T ! SACK IS N DEVELOP$ 9
    ALL ! MALES (! SAME SPECIES4
      997#B7 ,BATES1 ,! ,NATURALI/ ON !
    ,AMAZONS1 #AHFC1 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #BHD2
    ,WALLACE1 9 ,PROCE$+S1 ,ZOOLOGICAL
    ,SOCIETY1 #AHEJ1 P4 #BJF4 ,A NEW
    SPECIES1 )A / L>G] NECK-APP5DAGE
    7,C4 P5DULIG]71 HAS LATELY BE5
    4COV]$1 SEE ,IBIS1 VOL4 I41 P4 #DEG4
  ,! VOCAL ORGANS ( V>I\S WEB-FOOT$ &
WAD+ BIRDS >E EXTRAORD9>ILY -PLEX1 &
DI6] 6A C]TA9 EXT5T 9 ! TWO SEXES4 ,9 "S
CASES ! TRA*EA IS 3VOLUT$1 L A ,FR5*
HORN1 & IS DEEPLY EMB$D$ 9 ! /]NUM4 ,9 !
WILD SWAN 7,CYGNUS F]US7 X IS M DEEPLY
EMB$D$ 9 ! ADULT MALE ?AN 9 ! ADULT
FEMALE OR "Y MALE4 ,9 ! MALE ,M]GANS] !
5L>G$ POR;N (! TRA*EA IS FURNI%$ ) AN
A4I;NAL PAIR ( MUSCLES4 99 ,9 "O (!
DUCKS1 H["E1 "NLY ,ANAS PUNCTATA1 ! BONY
5L>GE;T IS ONLY A LL M DEVELOP$ 9 ! MALE
?AN 9 ! FEMALE4 99 7#B7 ,B ! M1N+ ( ^!
DI6];ES 9 ! TRA*EA (! TWO SEXES (!
,ANATIDAE IS N "U/OOD2 =! MALE IS N ALW
! M VOCIF]\S2 ?US )! -MON DUCK1 ! MALE
HISSES1 :IL/ ! FEMALE UTT]S A L\D
QUACK4997#C7 ,9 BO? SEXES ( "O (! CRANES
7,GRUS VIRGO7 ! TRA*EA P5ETRATES !
/]NUM1 B PRES5TS 8C]TA9 SEXUAL
MODIFIC,NS40 ,9 ! MALE (! BLACK /ORK "!
IS AL A WELL-M>K$ SEXUAL DI6];E 9 ! L5G?
& CURVATURE (! BRON*I4 99 7#D7 ,HI<LY
IMPORTANT /RUCTURES H1 "!=E1 9 ^! CASES
BE5 MODIFI$ AC 6SEX4
      --,BI%OP1 9 ,TODD'S ,CYCLOPAEDIA (
    ,ANATOMY & ,PHYSIOLOGY1 VOL4 ;IV41
    P4 #ADII4
      997#B7 ,PR(4 ,NEWTON1 ,PROC4
    ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41 #AHGA1 P4 #FEA4
      997#C7 ,! SPOONBILL 7,PLATALEA7
    HAS XS TRA*EA 3VOLUT$ 96A FIGURE (
    EI<T1 & YET ? BIRD 7,J]DON1 ,BIRDS (
    ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #GFC7 IS MUTE
    B ,MR4 ,BLY? 9=MS ME T ! 3VOLU;NS >E
    N 3/ANTLY PRES5T1 S T P]H !Y >E N[
    T5D+ T[>DS ABOR;N4
      997#D7 ,ELE;TS ( ,-P>ATIVE
    ,ANATOMY1 BY ;,R4 ,WAGN]1 ,5G4
    TRANSLAT41 #AHDE1 P4 #AAA4 ,)
    RESPECT 6! SWAN Z GIV5 ABV1
    ,Y>RELL'S ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1
    #BND EDI;N1 #AHDE1 VOL4 ;III41 P4
    #AIC4
  ,X IS (T5 DI6ICULT 63JECTURE :E!R ! _M
/RANGE CRIES & NOTES UTT]$ 0MALE BIRDS
DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON S]VE Z A *>M OR M]ELY
Z A CALL 6! FEMALE4 ,! S(T COO+ (!
TURTLE-DOVE &( _M PIGEONS1 X MAY 2
PRESUM$1 PL1SES ! FEMALE4 ,:5 ! FEMALE (
! WILD TURKEY UTT]S H] CALL 9 ! MORN+1 !
MALE ANSW]S 0A NOTE : DI6]S F ! GOBL+
NOISE MADE1 :5 ) ERECT$ F1!RS1 RU/L+ W+S
& 4T5D$ WATTLES1 HE PU6S & /RUTS 2F H]4
99 ,! SPEL (! BLACK-COCK C]TA9LY S]VES Z
A CALL 6! FEMALE1 = X HAS BE5 "KN 6BR+
F\R OR FIVE FEMALES F A 4T.E 6A MALE "U
3F9E;T2 B Z ! BLACK-COCK 3T9UES 8 SPEL =
H\RS DUR+ SU3ESSIVE "DS1 & 9 ! CASE (!
CAP]CAILZIE 8) AN AGONY ( PAS.N10 WE >E
L$ 6SUPPOSE T ! FEMALES : >E PRES5T >E
?US *>M$4 99 7#B7 ,! VOICE (! -MON ROOK
IS "KN 6ALT] DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 & IS
"!=E 9 "S WAY SEXUAL4 99 7#C7 ,B :AT %
WE SAY AB ! H>% SCR1MS (1 = 9/.E1 "S
K9DS ( MACAWS2 H ^! BIRDS Z BAD TA/E =
MUSICAL S.DS Z !Y APP>5TLY H = COL\R1
JUDG+ 0! 9H>MONI\S 3TRA/ ( _! B"R YELL[
& BLUE PLUMAGE8 ,X IS 9DE$ POSSI# T )\T
ANY ADVANTAGE 2+ ?US GA9$1 ! L\D VOICES
( _M MALE BIRDS MAY 2 ! RESULT (! 9H]IT$
E6ECTS (! 3T9U$ USE ( _! VOCAL ORGANS :5
EXCIT$ 0! /R;G PAS.NS ( LOVE1 J1L\SY &
RAGE2 B 6? PO9T WE % RECUR :5 WE TR1T (
QUADRUP$S4
      --,C4 ,L4 ,BONA"PE1 QUOT$ 9 !
    ,NATURALI/ ,LIBR>Y3 ,BIRDS1 VOL4
    ;XIV41 P4 #ABF4
      997#B7 ,L4 ,LLOYD1 ,! ,GAME ,BIRDS
    ( ,SW$51 &C41 #AHFG1 PP4 #BB1 #HA4
      997#C7 ,J5N]1 ,PHILOSOPHICAL
    ,TRANSAC;NS1 #AHBD1 P4 #BJ4
  ,WE H Z YET SPOK5 ONLY (! VOICE1 B !
MALES ( V>I\S BIRDS PRACTISE1 DUR+ _!
C\RT%IP1 :AT MAY 2 CALL$ 9/RU;TAL MUSIC4
,P1COCKS & BIRDS ( P>ADISE RATTLE _!
QUILLS TGR4 ,TURKEY-COCKS SCRAPE _! W+S
AG/ ! GR.D1 & "S K9DS ( GR\SE ?US
PRODUCE A BUZZ+ S.D4 ,ANO!R ,NOR?
,AM]ICAN GR\SE1 ! ,TETRAO UMBELLUS1 :5 )
8 TAIL ERECT1 8 RU6S 4PLAY$1 8HE %[S (F
8 F9]Y 6! FEMALES1 :O LIE HID 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD10 DRUMS 0RAPIDLY /RIK+ 8 W+S
TGR ABV 8 BACK1 AC 6,MR4 ,R4 ,HAYMOND1 &
N1 Z ,AUDUBON ?"\1 0/RIK+ !M AG/ 8
SIDES4 ,! S.D ?US PRODUC$ IS -P>$ 0"S
64TANT ?"U1 & 0O!RS 6! QK ROLL (A DRUM4
,! FEMALE N"E DRUMS1 8B FLIES DIRECTLY
6! PLACE ": ! MALE IS ?US 5GAG$40 ,!
MALE (! ,KALIJ-PH1SANT1 9 ! ,HIMALAYAS1
(T5 MAKES A S+UL> DRUMM+ NOISE ) 8 W+S1
N UNLIKE ! S.D PRODUC$ 0%AK+ A /IFF
PIECE ( CLO?40 ,ON ! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA
! LL BLACK-W1V]S 7,PLOCEUS87 3GREGATE 9
A SMALL "PY ON ! BU%ES R.D A SMALL OP5
SPACE1 & S+ & GLIDE "? ! AIR ) QUIV]+
W+S1 8: MAKE A RAPID :IRR+ S.D L A *'S
RATTLE40 ,"O BIRD AF ANO!R ?US P]=MS =
H\RS TGR1 B ONLY DUR+ ! C\RT+-S1SON4 ,AT
? S1SON1 & AT NO O!R "T1 ! MALES ( C]TA9
NI<T-J>S 7,CAPRIMULGUS7 MAKE A /RANGE
BOOM+ NOISE ) _! W+S4 ,! V>I\S SPECIES (
WOODPECK]S /RIKE A SONOR\S BRAN* ) _!
B1KS1 ) S RAPID A VIBRATORY MOVE;T T 8!
H1D APPE>S 6BE 9 TWO PLACES AT ONCE40 ,!
S.D ?US PRODUC$ IS AUDI# AT A 3SID]A#
4T.E B _C 2 DESCRIB$2 & ,I FEEL SURE T
XS S\RCE WD N"E 2 3JECTUR$ 0ANY "O HE>+
X =! F/ "T4 ,Z ? J>R+ S.D IS MADE *IEFLY
DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 X HAS BE5 3SID]$ Z A
LOVE-S;G2 B X IS P]H M /RICTLY A LOVE-
CALL4 ,! FEMALE1 :5 DRIV5 F H] NE/1 HAS
BE5 OBS]V$ ?US 6CALL H] MATE1 :O ANSW]$
9 ! SAME MANN] & SOON APPE>$4 ,LA/LY1 !
MALE HOOPOE 7,UPUPA EPOPS7 -B9ES VOCAL &
9/RU;TAL MUSIC2 = DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON ?
BIRD1 Z ,MR4 ,SW9HOE OBS]V$1 F/ DRAWS 9
AIR1 & !N TAPS ! 5D ( XS B1K
P]P5DICUL>LY D[N AG/ A /"O OR ! TRUNK (A
TREE1 8:5 ! BR1? 2+ =C$ D[N ! TUBUL>
BILL PRODUCES ! CORRECT S.D40 ,IF ! B1K
IS N ?US /RUCK AG/ "S OBJECT1 ! S.D IS Q
DI6]5T4 ,AIR IS AT ! SAME "T SWALL[$1 &!
OESOPHAGUS ?US 2COMES M* SWOLL52 & ?
PROBABLY ACTS Z A RESONATOR1 N ONLY )!
HOOPOE1 B ) PIGEONS & O!R BIRDS4 99
      --,=! =EGO+ FACTS SEE1 ON BIRDS (
    P>ADISE1 ,BREHM1 ,?I]LEB51 ,B4
    ;III41 S4 #CBE4 ,ON GR\SE1
    ,RI*>DSON1 ,FAUNA ,BOR4 ,AM]IC43
    ,BIRDS1 PP4 #CDC & #CEI2 ,MAJOR ,W4
    ,ROSS ,K+1 ,! ,SPORTSMAN 9 ,CANADA1
    #AHFF1 P4 #AEF2 ,MR4 ,HAYMOND1 9
    ,PR(4 ,COX'S ,GEOL4 ,SURVEY (
    ,9DIANA1 P4 #BBG2 ,AUDUBON1 ,AM]ICAN
    ,ORNI?OLOG4 ,BIOGRAPH41 VOL4 I41 P4
    #BAF4 ,ON ! ,KALIJ-PH1SANT1 ,J]DON1
    ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #ECC4
    ,ON ! W1V]S1 ,LIV+/"O'S ,EXP$I;N 6!
    ,ZAMBESI1 #AHFE1 P4 #DBE4 ,ON
    WOODPECK]S1 ,MACGILLIVRAY1 ,HI/4 (
    ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;III41 #AHDJ1
    PP4 #HD1 #HH1 #HI1 & #IE4 ,ON !
    HOOPOE1 ,MR4 ,SW9HOE1 9 ,PROC4
    ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41 ,JUNE #BC1 #AHFC &
    #AHGA1 P4 #CDH4 ,ON ! NI<T-J>1
    ,AUDUBON1 IBID41 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #BEE1
    & ,AM]ICAN ,NATURALI/1 #AHGC1 P4
    #FGB4 ,! ,5GLI% NI<T-J> LIKEWISE
    MAKES 9 ! SPR+ A CURI\S NOISE DUR+
    XS RAPID FLI<T4
  ,9 ! =EGO+ CASES S.DS >E MADE 0! AID (
/RUCTURES ALR PRES5T & O!RWISE NEC2 B 9
! FOLL[+ CASES C]TA9 F1!RS H BE5 SPECI,Y
MODIFI$ =! EXPRESS PURPOSE ( PRODUC+
S.DS4 ,! DRUMM+1 BL1T+1 NEI<+1 OR ?"U+
NOISE 7Z EXPRESS$ 0DI6]5T OBS]V]S7 MADE
0! -MON SNIPE 7,SCOLOPAX GALL9AGO7 M/ H
SURPRIS$ E "O :O HAS "E HE>D X4 ,? BIRD1
DUR+ ! PAIR+-S1SON1 FLIES TO 8P]H A ?\S&
FEET 9 HEI<T10 & AF ZIG-ZA7+ AB =A "T
DESC5DS 6! E>? 9 A CURV$ L9E1 ) \TSPR1D
TAIL & QUIV]+ P9IONS1 & SURPRIS+
VELOC;Y4 ,! S.D IS EMITT$ ONLY DUR+ ?
RAPID DESC5T4 ,NO "O 0 A# 6EXPLA9 !
CAUSE UNTIL ,M4 ,MEVES OBS]V$ T ON EA*
SIDE (! TAIL ! \T] F1!RS >E PECULI>LY
=M$ 7SEE FIG4 #DA71 HAV+ A /IFF SABRE-
%AP$ %AFT )! OBLIQUE B>BS ( UNUSUAL
L5G?1 ! \T] WEBS 2+ /R;GLY B.D TGR4 ,HE
F.D T 0BL[+ ON ^! F1!RS1 OR 0FA/5+ !M 6A
L;G ?9 /ICK & WAV+ !M RAPIDLY "? ! AIR1
HE CD REPRODUCE ! DRUMM+ NOISE MADE 0!
LIV+ BIRD4 ,BO? SEXES >E FURNI%$ ) ^!
F1!RS1 B !Y >E G5],Y L>G] 9 ! MALE ?AN 9
! FEMALE1 & EMIT A DEEP] NOTE4 ,9 "S
SPECIES1 Z 9 ,S4 FR5ATA 7SEE FIG4 #DB71
F\R F1!RS1 & 9 ,S4 JAV5SIS 7SEE FIG4
#DC71 NO LESS ?AN EI<T ON EA* SIDE (!
TAIL >E GRTLY MODIFI$4 ,DI6]5T T"OS >E
EMITT$ 0! F1!RS (! DI6]5T SPECIES :5
WAV$ "? ! AIR2 &! ,SCOLOPAX WILSONII (!
,UNIT$ ,/ATES MAKES A SWIT*+ NOISE :IL/
DESC5D+ RAPIDLY 6! E>?4 99
      --,SEE ,M4 ,MEVES' 9T]E/+ PAP] 9
    ,PROC4 ,ZOOL4 ,SOC41 #AHEH1 P4 #AII4
    ,=! HABITS (! SNIPE1 ,MACGILLIVRAY1
    ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;IV41
    P4 #CGA4 ,=! ,AM]ICAN SNIPE1 ,CAPT4
    ,BLAKI/ON1 ,IBIS1 VOL4 V41 #AHFC1 P4
    #ACA4
  ,9 ! MALE (! ,*AMAEPETES UNICOLOR 7A
L>GE GALL9ACE\S BIRD ( ,AM]ICA71 ! F/
PRIM>Y W+-F1!R IS >*$ T[>DS ! TIP & IS
M* M ATT5UAT$ ?AN 9 ! FEMALE4 ,9 AN
ALLI$ BIRD1 ! ,P5ELOPE NIGRA1 ,MR4
,SALV9 OBS]V$ A MALE1 :1 :IL/ X FLEW
D[NW>DS 8) \T/RET*$ W+S1 GAVE =? A K9D (
CRA%+ RU%+ NOISE10 L ! FALL+ (A TREE4 99
,! MALE AL"O ( "O (! ,9DIAN BU/>DS
7,SYPHEOTIDES AURITUS7 HAS XS PRIM>Y W+-
F1!RS GRTLY ACUM9AT$2 &! MALE ( AN ALLI$
SPECIES IS "KN 6MAKE A HUMM+ NOISE :IL/
C\RT+ ! FEMALE4 99 7#B7 ,9 A WIDELY
DI6]5T GR\P ( BIRDS1 "NLY HUMM+-BIRDS1 !
MALES AL"O ( C]TA9 K9DS H EI ! %AFTS (
_! PRIM>Y W+-F1!RS BROADLY DILAT$1 OR !
WEBS ABRUPTLY EXCIS$ T[>DS ! EXTREM;Y4
,! MALE1 = 9/.E1 ( ,SELASPHORUS
PLATYC]CUS1 :5 ADULT1 HAS ! F/ PRIM>Y
W+-F1!R 7SEE FIG4 #DD71 ?US EXCIS$4
,:IL/ FLY+ F FL[] 6FL[] HE MAKES 8A
%RILL1 ALM :I/L+ NOISE02 99 7#C7 B X DID
N APPE> 6,MR4 ,SALV9 T ! NOISE 0 9T5;N,Y
MADE4
      --,MR4 ,SALV91 9 ,PROCE$+S1
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 #AHFG1 P4
    #AFJ4 ,I AM M* 9DEBT$ 6? 4T+UI%$
    ORNI?OLOGI/ = SKET*ES (! F1!RS (!
    ,*AMAEPETES1 &= O!R 9=M,N4
      997#B7 ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1
    VOL4 ;III41 PP4 #FAH1 #FBA4
      997#C7 ,G\LD1 ,9TRODUC;N 6!
    ,TRO*ILIDAE1 #AHFA1 P4 #DI4 ,SALV91
    ,PROCE$+S1 ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1
    #AHFG1 P4 #AFJ4
  ,LA/LY1 9 S"EAL SPECIES (A SUB-G5US (
,PIPRA OR MANAK91 OR MANAK91 ! MALES1 Z
DESCRIB$ 0,MR4 ,SCLAT]1 H _! SECOND>Y
W+-F1!RS MODIFI$ 9 A / M REM>KA# MANN]4
,9 ! BRILLIANTLY-COL\R$ ,P4 DELICIOSA !
F/ ?REE SECOND>IES >E ?ICK-/EMM$ & CURV$
T[>DS ! BODY2 9 ! F\R? & FIF? 7SEE FIG4
#DE1 A7 ! *ANGE IS GRT]2 & 9 ! SIX? &
SEV5? 7;B1 C7 ! %AFT 8IS ?ICK5$ 6AN
EXTRAORD9>Y DEGREE1 =M+ A SOLID HORNY
LUMP40 ,! B>BS AL >E GRTLY *ANG$ 9 %APE1
9 -P>ISON )! CORRESPOND+ F1!RS 7;D1 ;E1
F7 9 ! FEMALE4 ,EV5 ! B"OS (! W+1 :
SUPPORT ^! S+UL> F1!RS 9 ! MALE1 >E SD
0,MR4 ,FRAS] 6BE M* ?ICK5$4 ,^! LL BIRDS
MAKE AN EXTRAORD9>Y NOISE1 ! F/ 8%>P
NOTE 2+ N UNLIKE ! CRACK (A :IP48 99
      --,SCLAT]1 9 ,PROCE$+S1
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 #AHFJ1 P4 #IJ1
    & 9 ,IBIS1 VOL4 ;IV41 #AHFB1 P4
    #AGE4 ,AL ,SALV91 9 ,IBIS1 #AHFJ1 P4
    #CG4
  ,! DIV]S;Y (! S.DS1 BO? VOCAL &
9/RU;TAL1 MADE 0! MALES ( _M BIRDS DUR+
! BRE$+-S1SON1 &! DIV]S;Y (! M1NS =
PRODUC+ S* S.DS1 >E HI<LY REM>KA#4 ,WE
?US GA9 A HI< IDEA ( _! IMPORT.E =
SEXUAL PURPOSES1 & >E REM9D$ (! 3CLU.N
>RIV$ AT Z 69SECTS4 ,X IS N DI6ICULT
6IMAG9E ! /EPS 0: ! NOTES (A BIRD1
PRIM>ILY US$ Z A M]E CALL OR = "S O!R
PURPOSE1 MI<T H BE5 IMPROV$ 96A MELODI\S
LOVE S;G4 ,9 ! CASE (! MODIFI$ F1!RS1 0:
! DRUMM+1 :I/L+1 OR RO>+ NOISES >E
PRODUC$1 WE "K T "S BIRDS DUR+ _!
C\RT%IP FLUTT]1 %AKE1 OR RATTLE _!
UNMODIFI$ F1!RS TGR2 & IF ! FEMALES 7 L$
6SELECT ! BE/ P]=M]S1 ! MALES : POSSESS$
! /R;GE/ OR ?ICKE/1 OR MO/ ATT5UAT$
F1!RS1 SITUAT$ ON ANY "P (! BODY1 WD 2 !
MO/ SU3ESS;L2 & ?US 0SL[ DEGREES ! F1!RS
MI<T 2 MODIFI$ 6ALM ANY EXT5T4 ,!
FEMALES1 ( C\RSE1 WD N NOTICE EA* SLI<T
SU3ESSIVE ALT],N 9 %APE1 B ONLY ! S.DS
?US PRODUC$4 ,X IS A CURI\S FACT T 9 !
SAME CLASS ( ANIMALS1 S.DS S DI6]5T Z !
DRUMM+ (! SNIPE'S TAIL1 ! TAPP+ (!
WOODPECK]'S B1K1 ! H>% TRUMPET-L CRY (
C]TA9 WAT]-F[L1 ! COO+ (! TURTLE-DOVE1 &
! S;G (! NI<T9GALE1 %D ALL 2 PL1S+ 6!
FEMALES (! S"EAL SPECIES4 ,B WE M/ N
JUDGE (! TA/ES ( 4T9CT SPECIES 0A UNI=M
/&>D2 NOR M/ WE JUDGE 0! /&>D ( MAN'S
TA/E4 ,EV5 ) MAN1 WE %D REMEMB] :AT
4CORDANT NOISES1 ! B1T+ ( TOM-TOMS &!
%RILL NOTES ( RE$S1 PL1SE ! E>S (
SAVAGES4 ,SIR ,S4 ,BAK] REM>KS1 99 T 8Z
! /OMA* (! ,>AB PREF]S ! RAW M1T & REEK+
LIV] TAK5 HOT F ! ANIMAL1 S DOES 8 E>
PREF] 8 EQU,Y CO>SE & 4CORDANT MUSIC
6ALL O!R40
      --,! ,NILE ,TRIBUT>IES (
    ,ABYSS9IA1 #AHFG1 P4 #BJC4
  ,LOVE ,ANTICS & ,D.ES4- ,! CURI\S LOVE
GE/URES ( "S BIRDS H ALR BE5 9CID5T,Y
NOTIC$2 S T LL NE$ "H 2 A4$4 ,9 ,NOR!RN
,AM]ICA L>GE NUMB]S (A GR\SE1 ! ,TETRAO
PHASIANELLUS1 MEET E MORN+ DUR+ ! BRE$+-
S1SON ON A SELECT$ LEVEL SPOT1 & "H !Y
RUN R.D & R.D 9 A CIRCLE ( AB FIFTE5 OR
TW5TY FEET 9 DIAMET]1 S T ! GR.D IS WORN
Q B>E1 L A FAIRY-R+4 ,9 ^! "PRIDGE-D.ES1
Z !Y >E CALL$ 0! HUNT]S1 ! BIRDS ASSUME
! /RANGE/ ATTITUDES1 & RUN R.D1 "S 6!
LEFT & "S 6! "R4 ,AUDUBON DESCRIBES !
MALES (A H]ON 7,>DEA H]ODIAS7 Z WALK+ AB
ON _! L;G LEGS ) GRT DIGN;Y 2F !
FEMALES1 BI4+ DEFI.E 6_! RIVALS4 ,) "O (
! 4GU/+ C>RION-VULTURES 7,CA?>TES JOTA7
! SAME NATURALI/ /ATES T 8! GE/ICUL,NS &
P>ADE (! MALES AT ! 2G9N+ (! LOVE-S1SON
>E EXTREMELY LUDICR\S40 ,C]TA9 BIRDS
P]=M _! LOVE-ANTICS ON ! W+1 Z WE H SE5
)! BLACK ,AFRICAN W1V]1 9/1D ( ON !
GR.D4 ,DUR+ ! SPR+ \R LL :ITE-?ROAT
7,SYLVIA C9]EA7 (T5 RISES A FEW FEET OR
Y>DS 9 ! AIR ABV "S BU%1 & 8FLUTT]S )A
FIT;L & FANTA/IC MO;N1 S++ ALL ! :ILE1 &
!N DROPS 6XS P]*40 ,! GRT ,5GLI% BU/>D
?R[S HMF 969DESCRIBABLY ODD ATTITUDES
:IL/ C\RT+ ! FEMALE1 Z HAS BE5 FIGUR$
0,WOLF4 ,AN ALLI$ ,9DIAN BU/>D 7,OTIS
B5GAL5SIS7 AT S* "TS 8RISES P]P5DICUL>LY
96! AIR )A HURRI$ FLAPP+ ( 8 W+S1 RAIS+
8 CRE/ & PU6+ \ ! F1!RS ( 8 NECK & BR1/1
& !N DROPS 6! GR.D02 HE REP1TS ?
MANOEUVRE S"EAL "TS1 AT ! SAME "T HUMM+
9 A PECULI> T"O4 ,S* FEMALES Z HAPP5 6BE
NE> 8OBEY ? SALTATORY SUMMONS10 & :5 !Y
APPROA* HE TRAILS 8 W+S & SPR1DS 8 TAIL
L A TURKEY-COCK4 99
      --,= ,TETRAO PHASIANELLUS1 SEE
    ,RI*>DSON1 ,FAUNA1 ,BOR4 ,AM]ICANA1
    P4 #CFA1 &= FUR!R "PICUL>S1 ,CAPT4
    ,BLAKI/ON1 ,IBIS1 #AHFC1 P4 #ABE4
    ,=! ,CA?>TES & ,>DEA1 ,AUDUBON1
    ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1 VOL4
    ;II41 P4 #EA1 & VOL4 ;III41 P4 #HI4
    ,ON ! :ITE-?ROAT1 ,MACGILLIVRAY1
    ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;II41
    P4 #CED4 ,ON ! ,9DIAN BU/>D1 ,J]DON1
    ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #FAH4
  ,B ! MO/ CURI\S CASE IS AF=D$ 0?REE
ALLI$ G5]A ( ,AU/RALIAN BIRDS1 ! FAM\S
B[]-BIRDS1- NO D\BT ! CO-DESC5DANTS ( "S
ANCI5T SPECIES : F/ ACQUIR$ ! /RANGE
9/9CT ( 3/RUCT+ B[]S = P]=M+ _! LOVE-
ANTICS4 ,! B[]S 7SEE FIG4 #DF71 :1 Z WE
% "HAF SEE1 >E DECORAT$ ) F1!RS1 %ELLS1
B"OS1 & L1VES1 >E BUILT ON ! GR.D =!
SOLE PURPOSE ( C\RT%IP1 = _! NE/S >E =M$
9 TREES4 ,BO? SEXES ASSI/ 9 ! EREC;N (!
B[]S1 B ! MALE IS ! PR9CIPAL "WMAN4 ,S
/R;G IS ? 9/9CT T X IS PRACTIS$ "U
3F9E;T1 & ,MR4 ,/RANGE HAS DESCRIB$ 99 !
HABITS ( "S SAT9 B[]-BIRDS : HE KEPT 9
AN AVI>Y 9 ,NEW ,S\? ,WALES4 8,AT "TS !
MALE W *ASE ! FEMALE ALL OV] ! AVI>Y1 !N
G 6! B[]1 PICK UP A GAY F1!R OR A L>GE
L1F1 UTT] A CURI\S K9D ( NOTE1 SET ALL 8
F1!RS ERECT1 RUN R.D ! B[] & 2COME S
EXCIT$ T 8 EYES APPE> R1DY 6/>T F 8 B1D2
HE 3T9UES OP5+ F/ "O W+ !N ! O!R1 UTT]+
A L[1 :I/L+ NOTE1 &1 L ! DOME/IC COCK1
SEEMS 6BE PICK+ UP "S?+ F ! GR.D1 UNTIL
AT LA/ ! FEMALE GOES G5TLY T[>DS HM40
,CAPTA9 ,/OKES HAS DESCRIB$ ! HABITS &
8PLAY-H\SES0 ( ANO!R SPECIES1 ! GRT B[]-
BIRD1 : 0 SE5 8AMUS+ XF 0FLY+ BACKW>DS &
=W>DS1 TAK+ A %ELL ALT]NATELY F EA*
SIDE1 & C>RY+ X "? ! >*WAY 9 XS M\?40
,^! CURI\S CRE,NS1 =M$ SOLELY Z HALLS (
ASSEMBLAGE1 ": BO? SEXES AMUSE !MVS &
PAY _! C\RT1 M/ CO/ ! BIRDS M* LABOR4 ,!
B[]1 = 9/.E1 (! FAWN-BR1/$ SPECIES1 IS
NE>LY F\R FEET 9 L5G?1 EI<TE5 9*ES 9
HEI<T1 & IS RAIS$ ON A ?ICK PLAT=M (
/ICKS4
      --,G\LD1 ,H&BOOK 6! ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4 I41 PP4 #DDD1 #DDI1
    #DEE4 ,! B[] (! SAT9 B[]-BIRD MAY 2
    SE5 9 ! ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY'S
    ,G>D5S1 ,REG5T'S ,P>K4
      ,DECOR,N4- ,I W F/ 4CUSS ! CASES 9
    : ! MALES >E ORNA;T$ EI EXCLUSIVELY
    OR 9 A M* HI<] DEGREE ?AN ! FEMALES1
    & 9 A SU3E$+ *APT] ^? 9 : BO? SEXES
    >E EQU,Y ORNA;T$1 & F9,Y ! R>E CASES
    9 : ! FEMALE IS "S:AT M B"RLY-COL\R$
    ?AN ! MALE4 ,Z )! >TIFICIAL ORNA;TS
    US$ 0SAVAGE & CIVILIS$ M51 S )!
    NATURAL ORNA;TS ( BIRDS1 ! H1D IS !
    *IEF S1T ( DECOR,N4 99 ,! ORNA;TS1 Z
    M5;N$ AT ! -M;E;T ( ? *APT]1 >E
    WOND];LLY DIV]SIFI$4 ,! PLUMES ON !
    FRONT OR BACK (! H1D 3SI/ ( V>I\SLY-
    %AP$ F1!RS1 "S"TS CAPA# ( EREC;N OR
    EXPAN.N1 0: _! B1UTI;L COL\RS >E
    FULLY 4PLAY$4 ,ELEGANT E>-TUFTS 7SEE
    FIG4 #CI1 ANTE7 >E O3A.N,Y PRES5T4
    ,! H1D IS "S"TS COV]$ ) VELVETY D[N1
    Z )! PH1SANT2 OR IS NAK$ & VIVIDLY
    COL\R$4 ,! ?ROAT1 AL1 IS "S"TS
    ORNA;T$ )A BE>D1 WATTLES1 OR
    C>UNCLES4 ,S* APP5DAGES >E G5],Y
    B"RLY-COL\R$1 & NO D\BT S]VE Z
    ORNA;TS1 ?\< N ALW ORNA;TAL 9 \R
    EYES2 = :IL/ ! MALE IS 9 ! ACT (
    C\RT+ ! FEMALE1 !Y (T5 SWELL &
    ASSUME VIVID T9TS1 Z 9 ! MALE
    TURKEY4 ,AT S* "TS ! FLE%Y APP5DAGES
    AB ! H1D (! MALE TRAGOPAN PH1SANT
    7,C]IORNIS TEMM9CKII7 SWELL 96A L>GE
    LAPPET ON ! ?ROAT & 96TWO HORNS1 "O
    ON EA* SIDE (! SPL5DID TOPKNOT2 & ^!
    >E !N COL\R$ (! MO/ 9T5SE BLUE : ,I
    H "E 2HELD4 99 7#B7 ,! ,AFRICAN
    HORNBILL 7,BUCORAX ABYSS9ICUS7
    9FLATES ! SC>LET BLA4]-L WATTLE ON
    XS NECK1 &) XS W+S DROOP+ & TAIL
    EXP&$ 8MAKES Q A GR& APPE>.E48
    997#C7 ,EV5 ! IRIS (! EYE IS "S"TS M
    B"RLY-COL\R$ 9 ! MALE ?AN 9 !
    FEMALE2 & ? IS FREQU5TLY ! CASE )!
    B1K1 = 9/.E1 9 \R -MON BLACKBIRD4 ,9
    ,BUC]OS CORRUGATUS1 ! :OLE B1K &
    IMM5SE CASQUE >E COL\R$ M 3SPICU\SLY
    9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE2 & 8!
    OBLIQUE GROOVES ^U ! SIDES (! L[]
    M&I# >E PECULI> 6! MALE SEX48 997#D7
      --,SEE REM>KS 6? E6ECT1 ON !
    8,FEEL+ ( ,B1UTY AM;G ,ANIMALS10
    0,MR4 ,J4 ,%AW1 9 ! ,A!NAEUM1 ,NOV4
    #BD1 #AHFF1 P4 #FHA4
      997#B7 ,SEE ,DR4 ,MURIE'S A3.T )
    COL\R$ FIGURES 9 ,PROCE$+S1
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 #AHGB1 P4
    #GCJ4
      997#C7 ,MR4 ,MONTEIRO1 ,IBIS1 VOL4
    ;IV41 #AHFB1 P4 #CCI4
      997#D7 ,L& & ,WAT]1 #AHFH1 P4
    #BAG4
  ,! H1D1 AG1 (T5 SUPPORTS FLE%Y
APP5DAGES1 FILA;TS1 & SOLID PROTUB].ES4
,^!1 IF N -MON 6BO? SEXES1 >E ALW 3F9$
6! MALES4 ,! SOLID PROTUB].ES H BE5
DESCRIB$ 9 DETAIL 0,DR4 ,W4 ,M>%ALL1 99
:O %EWS T !Y >E =M$ EI ( C.ELLAT$ B"O
COAT$ ) SK91 OR ( D]MAL & O!R TISSUES4
,) MAMMALS TRUE HORNS >E ALW SUPPORT$ ON
! FRONTAL B"OS1 B ) BIRDS V>I\S B"OS H
BE5 MODIFI$ = ? PURPOSE2 & 9 SPECIES (!
SAME GR\P ! PROTUB].ES MAY H CORES (
B"O1 OR 2 Q DE/ITUTE ( !M1 ) 9T]M$IATE
GRAD,NS 3NECT+ ^! TWO EXTREMES4 ,H;E1 Z
,DR4 ,M>%ALL JU/LY REM>KS1 V>I,NS (! MO/
DI6]5T K9DS H S]V$ =! DEVELOP;T "?
SEXUAL SELEC;N ( ^! ORNA;TAL APP5DAGES4
,EL;GAT$ F1!RS OR PLUMES SPR+ F ALM E "P
(! BODY4 ,! F1!RS ON ! ?ROAT & BR1/ >E
"S"TS DEVELOP$ 96B1UTI;L RU6S & COLL>S4
,! TAIL-F1!RS >E FREQU5TLY 9CR1S$ 9
L5G?2 Z WE SEE 9 ! TAIL-COV]TS (!
P1COCK1 & 9 ! TAIL XF (! ,>GUS PH1SANT4
,)! P1COCK EV5 ! B"OS (! TAIL H BE5
MODIFI$ 6SUPPORT ! H1VY TAIL-COV]TS4 99
7#B7 ,! BODY (! ,>GUS IS N L>G] ?AN T (A
F[L2 YET ! L5G? F ! 5D (! B1K 6!
EXTREM;Y (! TAIL IS NO LESS ?AN FIVE
FEET ?REE 9*ES1 99 7#C7 & T (! B1UTI;LLY
OCELLAT$ SECOND>Y W+-F1!RS NE>LY ?REE
FEET4 ,9 A SMALL ,AFRICAN NI<T-J>
7,COSMETORNIS VEXILL>IUS7 "O (! PRIM>Y
W+-F1!RS1 DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 ATTA9S A
L5G? ( TW5TY-SIX 9*ES1 :IL/ ! BIRD XF IS
ONLY T5 9*ES 9 L5G?4 ,9 ANO!R CLOSELY-
ALLI$ G5US ( NI<T-J>S1 ! %AFTS (!
EL;GAT$ W+-F1!RS >E NAK$1 EXCEPT AT !
EXTREM;Y1 ": "! IS A DISC4 99 7#D7 ,AG1
9 ANO!R G5US ( NI<T-J>S1 ! TAIL-F1!RS >E
EV5 / M PRODIGI\SLY DEVELOP$4 ,9 G5]AL !
F1!RS (! TAIL >E M (T5 EL;GAT$ ?AN ^? (!
W+S1 Z ANY GRT EL;G,N (! LATT] IMP$ES
FLI<T4 ,WE ?US SEE T 9 CLOSELY-ALLI$
BIRDS ORNA;TS (! SAME K9D H BE5 GA9$ 0!
MALES "? ! DEVELOP;T ( WIDELY DI6]5T
F1!RS4
      --8,UB] DIE ,S*ADELHOCK]10
    ,NI$]L&4 ,>*IV4 FUR ,ZOOLOGIE1 ,B4
    I41 ,HEFT #B1 #AHGB4
      997#B7 ,DR4 ,W4 ,M>%ALL1 8,UB] D5
    ,VOGELS*WANZ10 IBID41 ,B4 I41 ,HEFT
    #B1 #AHGB4
      997#C7 ,J>D9E'S ,NATURALI/
    ,LIBR>Y3 ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;XIV41 P4
    #AFF4
      997#D7 ,SCLAT]1 9 ! ,IBIS1 VOL4
    ;VI41 #AHFD1 P4 #AAD2 ,LIV+/"O1
    ,EXP$I;N 6! ,ZAMBESI1 #AHFE1 P4 #FF4
  ,X IS A CURI\S FACT T ! F1!RS (
SPECIES 2L;G+ 6V 4T9CT GR\PS H BE5
MODIFI$ 9 ALM EXACTLY ! SAME PECULI>
MANN]4 ,?US ! W+-F1!RS 9 "O (! ABV-M5;N$
NI<T-J>S >E B>E AL;G ! %AFT1 & T]M9ATE 9
A DISC2 OR >E1 Z !Y >E "S"TS CALL$1
SPOON OR RACKET-%AP$4 ,F1!RS ( ? K9D
O3UR 9 ! TAIL (A MOTMOT 7,EUMOMOTA
SUP]CILI>IS71 (A K+-FI%]1 F9*1 HUMM+-
BIRD1 P>ROT1 S"EAL ,9DIAN DR;GOS
7,DICRURUS & ,$OLIUS1 9 "O ( : ! DISC
/&S V]TIC,Y71 & 9 ! TAIL ( C]TA9 BIRDS (
P>ADISE4 ,9 ^! LATT] BIRDS1 SIMIL>
F1!RS1 B1UTI;LLY OCELLAT$1 ORNA;T ! H1D1
Z IS LIKEWISE ! CASE ) "S GALL9ACE\S
BIRDS4 ,9 AN ,9DIAN BU/>D 7,SYPHEOTIDES
AURITUS7 ! F1!RS =M+ ! E>-TUFTS1 : >E AB
F\R 9*ES 9 L5G?1 AL T]M9ATE 9 DISCS4 99
,X IS A MO/ S+UL> FACT T ! MOTMOTS1 Z
,MR4 ,SALV9 HAS CLE>LY %[N1 99 7#B7 GIVE
6_! TAIL F1!RS ! RACKET-%APE 0BIT+ (F !
B>BS1 &1 FUR!R1 T ? 3T9U$ MUTIL,N HAS
PRODUC$ A C]TA9 AM.T ( 9H]IT$ E6ECT4
      --,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1 VOL4
    ;III41 P4 #FBJ4
      997#B7 ,PROCE$+S1 ,ZOOLOGICAL
    ,SOCIETY1 #AHGC1 P4 #DBI4
  ,AG1 ! B>BS (! F1!RS 9 V>I\S WIDELY-
4T9CT BIRDS >E FILA;T\S OR PLUMOSE1 Z )
"S H]ONS1 IBISES1 BIRDS ( P>ADISE1 &
,GALL9AC1E4 ,9 O!R CASES ! B>BS 4APPE>1
L1V+ ! %AFTS B>E F 5D 65D2 & ^! 9 ! TAIL
(! ,P>ADISEA APODA ATTA9 A L5G? ( ?IRTY-
F\R 9*ES3 99 9 ,P4 ,PAPUANA 7SEE FIG4
#DG7 !Y >E M* %ORT] & ?94 ,SMALL] F1!RS
:5 ?US DENUD$ APPE> L BRI/LES1 Z ON !
BR1/ (! TURKEY-COCK4 ,Z ANY FLEET+
FA%ION 9 DRESS -ES 6BE ADMIR$ 0MAN1 S )
BIRDS A *ANGE ( ALM ANY K9D 9 ! /RUCTURE
OR COL\R+ (! F1!RS 9 ! MALE APPE>S 6H
BE5 ADMIR$ 0! FEMALE4 ,! FACT (! F1!RS 9
WIDELY 4T9CT GR\PS HAV+ BE5 MODIFI$ 9 AN
ANALOG\S MANN] NO D\BT DEP5DS PRIM>ILY
ON ALL ! F1!RS HAV+ NE>LY ! SAME
/RUCTURE & MANN] ( DEVELOP;T1 &
3SEQU5TLY T5D+ 6V>Y 9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,WE
(T5 SEE A T5D5CY 6ANALOG\S V>IABIL;Y 9 !
PLUMAGE ( \R DOME/IC BRE$S 2L;G+ 64T9CT
SPECIES4 ,?US TOP-KNOTS H APPE>$ 9 S"EAL
SPECIES4 ,9 AN EXT9CT V>IETY (! TURKEY1
! TOP-KNOT 3SI/$ ( B>E QUILLS SURM.T$ )
PLUMES ( D[N1 S T !Y "S:AT RESEM#D !
RACKET-%AP$ F1!RS ABV DESCRIB$4 ,9 C]TA9
BRE$S (! PIGEON & F[L ! F1!RS >E
PLUMOSE1 ) "S T5D5CY 9 ! %AFTS 6BE NAK$4
,9 ! ,SEBA/OPOL GOOSE ! SCAPUL> F1!RS >E
GRTLY EL;GAT$1 CURL$1 OR EV5 SPIR,Y
TWI/$1 )! M>G9S PLUMOSE4 99 7#B7
      --,WALLACE1 9 ,ANNALS & ,MAGAZ9E (
    ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1 VOL4 ;XX41 #AHEG1
    P4 #DAF1 & 9 8 ,MALAY ,>*IPELAGO1
    VOL4 ;II41 #AHFI1 P4 #CIJ4
      997#B7 ,SEE MY "W ON ,! ,V>I,N (
    ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U ,DOME/IC,N1
    VOL4 I41 PP4 #BHI1 #BIC4
      ,9 REG>D 6COL\R1 H>DLY ANY?+ NE$
    "H 2 SD1 = E "O "KS H[ SPL5DID >E !
    T9TS ( _M BIRDS1 & H[ H>MONI\SLY !Y
    >E -B9$4 ,! COL\RS >E (T5 METALLIC &
    IRIDESC5T4 ,CIRCUL> SPOTS >E "S"TS
    SURR.D$ 0"O OR M DI6]5TLY %AD$ Z"OS1
    & >E ?US 3V]T$ 96OCELLI4 ,NOR NE$ M*
    2 SD ON ! WOND];L DI6];E 2T ! SEXES
    ( _M BIRDS4 ,! -MON P1COCK (F]S A
    /RIK+ 9/.E4 ,FEMALE BIRDS ( P>ADISE
    >E OBSCURELY COL\R$ & DE/ITUTE ( ALL
    ORNA;TS1 :IL/ ! MALES >E PROBABLY !
    MO/ HI<LY DECORAT$ ( ALL BIRDS1 & 9
    S _M DI6]5T WAYS T !Y M/ 2 SE5 6BE
    APPRECIAT$4 ,! EL;GAT$ & GOLD5-
    ORANGE PLUMES : SPR+ F 2N ! W+S (!
    ,P>ADISEA APODA1 :5 V]TIC,Y ERECT$ &
    MADE 6VIBRATE1 >E DESCRIB$ Z =M+ A
    SORT ( HALO1 9 ! C5TRE ( : ! H1D
    8LOOKS L A LL EM]ALD SUN ) XS RAYS
    =M$ 0! TWO PLUMES48 99 ,9 ANO!R MO/
    B1UTI;L SPECIES ! H1D IS BALD1 8&(A
    RI* COBALT BLUE1 CROSS$ 0S"EAL L9ES
    ( BLACK VELVETY F1!RS48 997#B7
      --,QUOT$ F ,M4 DE ,LAFRESNAYE 9
    ,ANNALS & ,MAG4 ( ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1
    VOL4 ;XIII41 #AHED1 P4 #AEG3 SEE AL
    ,MR4 ,WALLACE'S M* FULL] A3.T 9 VOL4
    ;XX41 #AHEG1 P4 #DAB1 & 9 8 ,!
    ,MALAY ,>*IPELAGO4
      997#B7 ,WALLACE1 ,! ,MALAY
    ,>*IPELAGO1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHFI1 P4
    #DJE4
  ,MALE HUMM+-BIRDS 7SEE FIGS4 #DH &
#DI7 ALM VIE ) BIRDS ( P>ADISE 9 _!
B1UTY1 Z E "O W ADMIT :O HAS SE5 ,MR4
,G\LD'S SPL5DID VOLUMES1 OR 8 RI*
COLLEC;N4 ,X IS V REM>KA# 9 H[ _M DI6]5T
WAYS ^! BIRDS >E ORNA;T$4 ,ALM E "P ( _!
PLUMAGE HAS BE5 TAK5 ADVANTAGE (1 &
MODIFI$2 &! MODIFIC,NS H BE5 C>RI$1 Z
,MR4 ,G\LD %EW$ ME1 6A WOND];L EXTREME 9
"S SPECIES 2L;G+ 6NE>LY E SUB-GR\P4 ,S*
CASES >E CURI\SLY L ^? : WE SEE 9 \R
FANCY BRE$S1 RE>$ 0MAN =! SAKE ( ORNA;T2
C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS ORIG9,Y V>I$ 9 "O "*1 &
O!R 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME SPECIES 9 O!R
"*S2 & ^! H BE5 SEIZ$ ON 0MAN & M*
AUG;T$- Z %EWN 0! TAIL (! FANTAIL-
PIGEON1 ! HOOD (! JACOB91 ! B1K & WATTLE
(! C>RI]1 & S =?4 ,! SOLE DI6];E 2T ^!
CASES IS T 9 ! "O1 ! RESULT IS DUE
6MAN'S SELEC;N1 :IL/ 9 ! O!R1 Z ) HUMM+-
BIRDS1 BIRDS ( P>ADISE1 &C41 X IS DUE 6!
SELEC;N 0! FEMALES (! M B1UTI;L MALES4
  ,I W M5;N ONLY "O O!R BIRD1 REM>KA# F
! EXTREME 3TRA/ 9 COL\R 2T ! SEXES1 "NLY
! FAM\S BELL-BIRD 7,*ASMORHYN*US NIVEUS7
( ,S4 ,AM]ICA1 ! NOTE ( : C 2 4T+UI%$ AT
! 4T.E ( NE>LY ?REE MILES1 & A/ONI%ES E
"O :5 F/ HE>+ X4 ,! MALE IS PURE :ITE1
:IL/ ! FEMALE IS DUSKY-GRE52 & :ITE IS A
V R>E COL\R 9 T]RE/RIAL SPECIES (
MOD]ATE SIZE & 9(F5SIVE HABITS4 ,! MALE1
AL1 Z DESCRIB$ 0,WAT]TON1 HAS A SPIRAL
TUBE1 NE>LY ?REE 9*ES 9 L5G?1 : RISES F
! BASE (! B1K4 ,X IS JET-BLACK1 DOTT$
OV] ) M9UTE D[NY F1!RS4 ,? TUBE C 2
9FLAT$ ) AIR1 "? A -MUNIC,N )! PALATE2 &
:5 N 9FLAT$ HANGS D[N ON "O SIDE4 ,!
G5US 3SI/S ( F\R SPECIES1 ! MALES ( : >E
V 4T9CT1 :IL/ ! FEMALES1 Z DESCRIB$
0,MR4 ,SCLAT] 9 A V 9T]E/+ PAP]1 CLOSELY
RESEM# EA* O!R1 ?US (F]+ AN EXCELL5T
9/.E (! -MON RULE T )9 ! SAME GR\P !
MALES DI6] M* M F EA* O!R ?AN D !
FEMALES4 ,9 A SECOND SPECIES 7,C4
NUDICOLLIS7 ! MALE IS LIKEWISE SN[-:ITE1
)! EXCEP;N (A L>GE SPACE ( NAK$ SK9 ON !
?ROAT & R.D ! EYES1 : DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON
IS (A F9E GRE5 COL\R4 ,9 A ?IRD SPECIES
7,C4 TRIC>UNCULATUS7 ! H1D & NECK AL"O (
! MALE >E :ITE1 ! RE/ (! BODY 2+ *E/NUT-
BR[N1 &! MALE ( ? SPECIES IS PROVID$ )
?REE FILA;T\S PROJEC;NS HALF Z L;G Z !
BODY- "O RIS+ F ! BASE (! B1K1 &! TWO
O!RS F ! CORN]S (! M\?4 99
      --,MR4 ,SCLAT]1 ,9TELLECTUAL
    ,OBS]V]1 ,JAN41 #AHFG4 ,WAT]TON'S
    ,W&]+S1 P4 #AAH4 ,SEE AL ,MR4
    ,SALV9'S 9T]E/+ PAP]1 )A PLATE1 9 !
    ,IBIS1 #AHFE1 P4 #IJ4
  ,! COL\R$ PLUMAGE & C]TA9 O!R ORNA;TS
(! ADULT MALES >E EI RETA9$ = LIFE1 OR
>E P]IODIC,Y RENEW$ DUR+ ! SUMM] &
BRE$+-S1SON4 ,AT ? SAME S1SON ! B1K &
NAK$ SK9 AB ! H1D FREQU5TLY *ANGE COL\R1
Z ) "S H]ONS1 IBISES1 GULLS1 "O (! BELL-
BIRDS J NOTIC$1 &C4 ,9 ! :ITE IBIS1 !
*EEKS1 ! 9FLATA# SK9 (! ?ROAT1 &! BASAL
POR;N (! B1K !N 2COME CRIMSON4 99 ,9 "O
(! RAILS1 ,GALLICREX CRI/ATUS1 A L>GE R$
C>UNCLE IS DEVELOP$ DUR+ ? P]IOD ON !
H1D (! MALE4 ,S X IS )A ?9 HORNY CRE/ ON
! B1K ( "O (! PELICANS1 ,P4
]Y?RORHYN*US2 =1 AF ! BRE$+-S1SON1 ^!
HORNY CRE/S >E %$1 L HORNS F ! H1DS (
/AGS1 &! %ORE ( AN ISL& 9 A LAKE 9
,NEVADA 0 F.D COV]$ ) ^! CURI\S
EXUVIAE4997#B7
      --,L& & ,WAT]1 #AHFG1 P4 #CID4
      997#B7 ,MR4 ,D4 ,G4 ,ELLIOT1 9
    ,PROC4 ,ZOOL4 ,SOC41 #AHFI1 P4 #EHI4
  ,*ANGES ( COL\R 9 ! PLUMAGE AC 6!
S1SON DEP5D1 F/LY ON A D\# ANNUAL M\LT1
SECONDLY ON AN ACTUAL *ANGE ( COL\R 9 !
F1!RS !MVS1 & ?IRDLY ON _! DULL-COL\R$
M>G9S 2+ P]IODIC,Y %$1 OR ON ^! ?REE
PROCESSES M OR LESS -B9$4 ,! %$D+ (!
DECIDU>Y M>G9S MAY 2 -P>$ )! %$D+ ( _!
D[N 0V "Y BIRDS2 =! D[N 9 MO/ CASES
>ISES F ! SUMMITS (! F/ TRUE F1!RS4 99
      --,NITZS*'S 8,PT]YLOGRAPHY10 $IT$
    BY ;,P4 ,L4 ,SCLAT]1 ,RAY ,SOCIETY1
    #AHFG1 P4 #AD4
  ,) RESPECT 6! BIRDS : ANNU,Y "UGO A
D\# M\LT1 "! >E1 F/LY1 "S K9DS1 = 9/.E
SNIPES1 SWALL[-PLOV]S 7,GL>EOLAE71 &
CURLEWS1 9 : ! TWO SEXES RESEM# EA* O!R1
& D N *ANGE COL\R AT ANY S1SON4 ,I D N
"K :E!R ! W9T] PLUMAGE IS ?ICK] & W>M]
?AN ! SUMM] PLUMAGE1 B W>M? SEEMS ! MO/
PROBA# 5D ATTA9$ (A D\# M\LT1 ": "! IS
NO *ANGE ( COL\R4 ,SECONDLY1 "! >E
BIRDS1 = 9/.E1 C]TA9 SPECIES ( ,TOTANUS
& O!R ,GRALLATORES1 ! SEXES ( : RESEM#
EA* O!R1 B 9 : ! SUMM] & W9T] PLUMAGE
DI6] SLI<TLY 9 COL\R4 ,! DI6];E1 H["E1 9
^! CASES IS S SMALL T X C H>DLY 2 AN
ADVANTAGE 6!M2 & X MAY1 P]H1 2 ATTRIBUT$
6! DIRECT AC;N (! DI6]5T 3DI;NS 6: !
BIRDS >E EXPOS$ DUR+ ! TWO S1SONS4
,?IRDLY1 "! >E _M O!R BIRDS ! SEXES ( :
>E ALIKE1 B : >E WIDELY DI6]5T 9 _!
SUMM] & W9T] PLUMAGE4 ,F\R?LY1 "! >E
BIRDS ! SEXES ( : DI6] F EA* O!R 9
COL\R2 B ! FEMALES1 ?\< M\LT+ TWICE1
RETA9 ! SAME COL\RS "?\T ! YE>1 :IL/ !
MALES "UGO A *ANGE ( COL\R1 "S"TS A GRT
"O1 Z ) C]TA9 BU/>DS4 ,FIF?LY & LA/LY1
"! >E BIRDS ! SEXES ( : DI6] F EA* O!R
EA* O!R 9 BO? _! SUMM] & W9T] PLUMAGE2 B
! MALE "UGOES A GRT] AM.T ( *ANGE AT EA*
RECURR5T S1SON ?AN ! FEMALE ( : ! RUFF
7,MA*ETES PUGNAX7 (F]S A GD 9/.E4
  ,) RESPECT 6! CAUSE OR PURPOSE (!
DI6];ES 9 COL\R 2T ! SUMM] & W9T]
PLUMAGE1 ? MAY 9 "S 9/.ES1 Z )!
PT>MIGAN1 99 S]VE DUR+ BO? S1SONS Z A
PROTEC;N4 ,:5 ! DI6];E 2T ! TWO PLUMAGES
IS SLI<T X MAY P]H 2 ATTRIBUT$1 Z ALR
REM>K$1 6! DIRECT AC;N (! 3DI;NS ( LIFE4
,B ) _M BIRDS "! C H>DLY 2 A D\BT T !
SUMM] PLUMAGE IS ORNA;TAL1 EV5 :5 BO?
SEXES >E ALIKE4 ,WE MAY 3CLUDE T ? IS !
CASE ) _M H]ONS1 EGRETS1 &C41 = !Y
ACQUIRE _! B1UTI;L PLUMES ONLY DUR+ !
BRE$+-S1SON4 ,MOREOV]1 S* PLUMES1 TOP-
KNOTS1 &C41 ?\< POSSESS$ 0BO? SEXES1 >E
O3A.N,Y A LL M DEVELOP$ 9 ! MALE ?AN 9 !
FEMALE2 & !Y RESEM# ! PLUMES & ORNA;TS
POSSESS$ 0! MALES AL"O ( O!R BIRDS4 ,X
IS AL "KN T 3F9E;T1 0A6ECT+ !
REPRODUCTIVE SY/EM ( MALE BIRDS1
FREQU5TLY *ECKS ! DEVELOP;T ( _!
SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 B HAS NO IMM 9FLU;E
ON ANY O!R "*S2 & ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4
,B>TLETT T EI<T OR N9E SPECIM5S (! KNOT
7,TR+A CANUTUS7 RETA9$ _! UNADORN$ W9T]
PLUMAGE 9 ! ,ZOOLOGICAL ,G>D5S "?\T !
YE>1 F : FACT WE MAY 9F] T ! SUMM]
PLUMAGE1 ?\< -MON 6BO? SEXES1 P>TAKES (!
NATURE (! EXCLUSIVELY MASCUL9E PLUMAGE (
_M O!R BIRDS4 99 7#B7
      --,! BR[N MOTTL$ SUMM] PLUMAGE (!
    PT>MIGAN IS ( Z M* IMPORT.E 6X1 Z A
    PROTEC;N1 Z ! :ITE W9T] PLUMAGE2 = 9
    ,SC&9AVIA DUR+ ! SPR+1 :5 ! SN[ HAS
    4APPE>$1 ? BIRD IS "KN 6SU6] GRTLY F
    BIRDS ( PREY1 2F X HAS ACQUIR$ XS
    SUMM] DRESS3 SEE ,WILHELM VON ,W"R1
    9 ,LLOYD1 ,GAME ,BIRDS ( ,SW$51
    #AHFG1 P4 #ABE4
      997#B7 ,9 REG>D 6! PREVI\S /ATE;TS
    ON M\LT+1 SEE1 ON SNIPES1 &C41
    ,MACGILLIVRAY1 ,HI/4 ,BRIT4 ,BIRDS1
    VOL4 ;IV41 P4 #CGA2 ON ,GL>EOLAE1
    CURLEWS1 & BU/>DS1 ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS (
    ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;III41 PP4 #FAE1 #FCJ1
    #FHC2 ON ,TOTANUS1 IBID41 P4 #GJJ2
    ON ! PLUMES ( H]ONS1 IBID41 P4 #GCH1
    & ,MACGILLIVRAY1 VOL4 ;IV41 PP4 #DCE
    & #DDD1 & ,MR4 ,/AF=D ,ALL51 9 !
    ,IBIS1 VOL4 V41 #AHFC1 P4 #CC4
  ,F ! =EGO+ FACTS1 M ESPECI,Y F NEI SEX
( C]TA9 BIRDS *ANG+ COL\R DUR+ EI ANNUAL
M\LT1 OR *ANG+ S SLI<TLY T ! *ANGE C
H>DLY 2 ( ANY S]VICE 6!M1 & F ! FEMALES
( O!R SPECIES M\LT+ TWICE YET RETA9+ !
SAME COL\RS "?\T ! YE>1 WE MAY 3CLUDE T
! HABIT ( ANNU,Y M\LT+ TWICE HAS N BE5
ACQUIR$ 9 ORD] T ! MALE %D ASSUME AN
ORNA;TAL "* DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON2 B T !
D\# M\LT1 HAV+ BE5 ORIG9,Y ACQUIR$ = "S
4T9CT PURPOSE1 HAS SUBSEQU5TLY BE5 TAK5
ADVANTAGE ( 9 C]TA9 CASES = GA9+ A
NUPTIAL PLUMAGE4
  ,X APPE>S AT F/ SI<T A SURPRIS+
CIRCUM/.E T "S CLOSELY-ALLI$ SPECIES %D
REGUL>LY "UGO A D\# ANNUAL M\LT1 & O!RS
ONLY A S+LE "O4 ,! PT>MIGAN1 = 9/.E1
M\LTS TWICE OR EV5 ?RICE 9 ! YE>1 &!
BLACKCOCK ONLY ONCE3 "S (! SPL5DIDLY
COL\R$ H"OY-SUCK]S 7,NECT>9IAE7 ( ,9DIA
& "S SUB-G5]A ( OBSCURELY COL\R$ PIPITS
7,AN?US7 H A D\#1 :IL/ O!RS H ONLY A
S+LE ANNUAL M\LT4 99 ,B ! GRAD,NS 9 !
MANN] ( M\LT+1 : >E "KN 6O3UR ) V>I\S
BIRDS1 %EW U H[ SPECIES1 OR :OLE GR\PS1
MI<T H ORIG9,Y ACQUIR$ _! D\# ANNUAL
M\LT1 OR HAV+ ONCE GA9$ ! HABIT1 H AG
LO/ X4 ,) C]TA9 BU/>DS & PLOV]S ! V]NAL
M\LT IS F> F -PLETE1 "S F1!RS 2+ RENEW$1
& "S *ANG$ 9 COL\R4 ,"! IS AL R1SON
62LIEVE T ) C]TA9 BU/>DS & RAIL-L BIRDS1
: PROP]LY "UGO A D\# M\LT1 "S (! OLD]
MALES RETA9 _! NUPTIAL PLUMAGE "?\T !
YE>4 ,A FEW HI<LY MODIFI$ F1!RS MAY
M]ELY 2 A4$ DUR+ ! SPR+ 6! PLUMAGE1 Z
O3URS )! DISC-=M$ TAIL-F1!RS ( C]TA9
DR;GOS 7,BHR+A7 9 ,9DIA1 &)! EL;GAT$
F1!RS ON ! BACK1 NECK1 & CRE/ ( C]TA9
H]ONS4 ,0S* /EPS Z ^!1 ! V]NAL M\LT MI<T
2 R5D]$ M & M -PLETE1 UNTIL A P]FECT D\#
M\LT 0 ACQUIR$4 ,"S (! BIRDS ( P>ADISE
RETA9 _! NUPTIAL F1!RS "?\T ! YE>1 & ?US
H ONLY A S+LE M\LT2 O!RS CA/ !M DIRECTLY
AF ! BRE$+-S1SON1 & ?US H A D\# M\LT2 &
O!RS AG CA/ !M AT ? S1SON DUR+ ! F/ YE>1
B N AFWS2 S T ^! LATT] SPECIES >E
9T]M$IATE 9 _! MANN] ( M\LT+4 ,"! IS AL
A GRT DI6];E ) _M BIRDS 9 ! L5G? ( "T
DUR+ : ! TWO ANNUAL PLUMAGES >E RETA9$2
S T ! "O MI<T -E 6BE RETA9$ =! :OLE YE>1
&! O!R -PLETELY LO/4 ,?US 9 ! SPR+
,MA*ETES PUGNAX RETA9S 8 RUFF = B>ELY
TWO MON?S4 ,9 ,NATAL ! MALE WID[-BIRD
7,*]A PROGNE7 ACQUIRES 8 F9E PLUMAGE &
L;G TAIL-F1!RS 9 ,DECEMB] OR ,JANU>Y1 &
LOSES !M 9 ,M>*2 S T !Y >E RETA9$ ONLY =
AB ?REE MON?S4 ,MO/ SPECIES1 : "UGO A
D\# M\LT1 KEEP _! ORNA;TAL F1!RS = AB
SIX MON?S4 ,! MALE1 H["E1 (! WILD
,GALLUS BANKIVA RETA9S 8 NECK-HACKLES =
N9E OR T5 MON?S2 & :5 ^! >E CA/ (F1 !
"ULY+ BLACK F1!RS ON ! NECK >E FULLY
EXPOS$ 6VIEW4 ,B )! DOME/ICAT$ DESC5DANT
( ? SPECIES1 ! NECK-HACKLES (! MALE >E
IMMLY REPLAC$ 0NEW "OS2 S T WE "H SEE1 Z
6"P (! PLUMAGE1 A D\# M\LT *ANG$ "U
DOME/IC,N 96A S+LE M\LT4 99 7#B7
      --,ON ! M\LT+ (! PT>MIGAN1 SEE
    ,G\LD'S ,BIRDS ( ,GRT ,BRITA94 ,ON !
    H"OY-SUCK]S1 ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1
    VOL4 I41 PP4 #CEI1 #CFE1 #CFI4 ,ON !
    M\LT+ ( ,AN?US1 SEE ,BLY?1 9 ,IBIS1
    #AHFG1 P4 #CB4
      997#B7 ,=! =EGO+ /ATE;TS 9 REG>D
    6"PIAL M\LTS1 & ON OLD MALES RETA9+
    _! NUPTIAL PLUMAGE1 SEE ,J]DON1 ON
    BU/>DS & PLOV]S1 9 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1
    VOL4 ;III41 PP4 #FAG1 #FCG1 #GJI1
    #GAA4 ,AL ,BLY? 9 ,L& & ,WAT]1
    #AHFG1 P4 #HD4 ,ON ! M\LT+ (
    ,P>ADISEA1 SEE AN 9T]E/+ >TICLE
    0,DR4 ,W4 ,M>%ALL1 ,>*IVES
    ,NE]L&AISES1 TOM4 ;VI41 #AHGA4 ,ON !
    ,VIDUA1 ,IBIS1 VOL4 ;III41 #AHFA1 P4
    #ACC4 ,ON ! ,DR;GO%RIKES1 ,P]DON1
    IBID41 VOL4 I41 P4 #DCE4 ,ON ! V]NAL
    M\LT (! ,H]ODIAS BUBULCUS1 ,MR4 ,S4
    ,S4 ,ALL51 9 ,IBIS1 #AHFC1 P4 #CC4
    ,ON ,GALLUS BANKIVA1 ,BLY?1 9
    ,ANNALS & ,MAG4 ( ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1
    VOL4 I41 #AHDH1 P4 #DEE2 SEE1 AL1 ON
    ? SUBJECT1 MY ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS "U
    ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 I41 P4 #BCF4
  ,! -MON DRAKE 7,ANAS BOS*AS71 AF !
BRE$+-S1SON1 IS WELL "KN 6LOSE 8 MALE
PLUMAGE =A P]IOD ( ?REE MON?S1 DUR+ : "T
HE ASSUMES T (! FEMALE4 ,! MALE P9-TAIL
DUCK 7,ANAS ACUTA7 LOSES 8 PLUMAGE =!
%ORT] P]IOD ( SIX WEEKS OR TWO MON?S2 &
,MONTAGU REM>KS T 8? D\# M\LT )9 S %ORT
A "T IS A MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y CIRCUM/.E1 T
SEEMS 6BID DEFI.E 6ALL HUMAN R1SON+40 ,B
! 2LIEV] 9 ! GRADUAL MODIFIC,N ( SPECIES
W 2 F> F FEEL+ SURPRISE AT F9D+ GRAD,NS
( ALL K9DS4 ,IF ! MALE P9-TAIL 7
6ACQUIRE 8 NEW PLUMAGE )9 A / %ORT]
P]IOD1 ! NEW MALE F1!RS WD ALM
NECESS>ILY 2 M+L$ )! OLD1 & BO? ) "S
PROP] 6! FEMALE2 & ? APP>5TLY IS ! CASE
)! MALE (A N 4TANTLY-ALLI$ BIRD1 "NLY !
,M]GANS] S]RATOR1 =! MALES >E SD TO
8"UGO A *ANGE ( PLUMAGE1 : ASSIMILATES
!M 9 "S M1SURE 6! FEMALE40 ,0A LL FUR!R
A3EL],N 9 ! PROCESS1 ! D\# M\LT WD 2
-PLETELY LO/4 99
      --,SEE ,MACGILLIVRAY1 ,HI/4
    ,BRITI% ,BIRDS 7VOL4 V41 PP4 #CD1
    #GJ1 & #BBC71 ON ! M\LT+ (!
    ,ANATIDAE1 ) QUOT,NS F ,WAT]TON &
    ,MONTAGU4 ,AL ,Y>RELL1 ,HI/ORY (
    ,BRITI% ,BIRDS1 VOL4 ;III41 P4 #BDC4
  ,"S MALE BIRDS1 Z 2F /AT$1 2COME M
B"RLY COL\R$ 9 ! SPR+1 N 0A V]NAL M\LT1
B EI 0AN ACTUAL *ANGE ( COL\R 9 ! F1!RS1
OR 0_! OBSCURELY-COL\R$ DECIDU>Y M>G9S
2+ %$4 ,*ANGES ( COL\R ?US CAUS$ MAY LA/
=A L;G] OR %ORT] "T4 ,9 ! ,PELECANUS
ONOCROTALUS A B1UTI;L ROSY T9T1 ) LEMON-
COL\R$ M>KS ON ! BR1/1 OV]SPR1DS ! :OLE
PLUMAGE 9 ! SPR+2 B ^! T9TS1 Z ,MR4
,SCLAT] /ATES1 8D N LA/ L;G1 4APPE>+
G5],Y 9 AB SIX WEEKS OR TWO MON?S AF !Y
H BE5 ATTA9$40 ,C]TA9 F9*ES %$ ! M>G9S (
_! F1!RS 9 ! SPR+1 & !N 2COME B"R]
COL\R$1 :ILE O!R F9*ES "UGO NO S* *ANGE4
,?US ! ,FR+ILLA TRI/IS (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES
7Z WELL Z _M O!R ,AM]ICAN SPECIES7
EXHIBITS XS B"R COL\RS ONLY :5 ! W9T] IS
PA/1 :IL/ \R GOLDF9*1 : EXACTLY
REPRES5TS ? BIRD 9 HABITS1 & \R SISK91 :
REPRES5TS X / M CLOSELY 9 /RUCTURE1 "UGO
NO S* ANNUAL *ANGE4 ,B A DI6];E ( ? K9D
9 ! PLUMAGE ( ALLI$ SPECIES IS N
SURPRIS+1 =)! -MON L9NET1 : 2L;GS 6!
SAME FAMILY1 ! CRIMSON =EH1D & BR1/ >E
4PLAY$ ONLY DUR+ ! SUMM] 9 ,5GL&1 :IL/ 9
,MADEIRA ^! COL\RS >E RETA9$ "?\T ! YE>4
99
      --,ON ! PELICAN1 SEE ,SCLAT]1 9
    ,PROC4 ,ZOOL4 ,SOC41 #AHFH1 P4 #BFE4
    ,ON ! ,AM]ICAN F9*ES1 SEE ,AUDUBON1
    ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,BIOGRAPHY1 VOL4 I41
    PP4 #AGD1 #BBA1 & ,J]DON1 ,BIRDS (
    ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;II41 P4 #CHC4 ,ON !
    ,FR+ILLA CANNAB9A ( ,MADEIRA1 ,MR4
    ,E4 ,V]NON ,H>C\RT1 ,IBIS1 VOL4 V41
    #AHFC1 P4 #BCJ4
  ,4PLAY 0,MALE ,BIRDS ( _! ,PLUMAGE4-
,ORNA;TS ( ALL K9DS1 :E!R P]MAN5TLY OR
TEMPOR>ILY GA9$1 >E S$UL\SLY 4PLAY$ 0!
MALES1 & APP>5TLY S]VE 6EXCITE1 ATTRACT1
OR FASC9ATE ! FEMALES4 ,B ! MALES W
"S"TS 4PLAY _! ORNA;TS1 :5 N 9 ! PRES;E
(! FEMALES1 Z O3A.N,Y O3URS ) GR\SE AT
_! BALZ-PLACES1 & Z MAY 2 NOTIC$ )!
P1COCK2 ? LATT] BIRD1 H["E1 EVID5TLY
WI%ES =A SPECTATOR ( "S K9D1 &1 Z ,I H
(T5 SE51 W %[ (F 8 F9]Y 2F P\LTRY1 OR
EV5 PIGS4 99 ,ALL NATURALI/S :O H
CLOSELY ATT5D$ 6! HABITS ( BIRDS1 :E!R 9
A /ATE ( NATURE OR "U 3F9E;T1 >E
UNANIM\SLY ( OP9ION T ! MALES TAKE
DELI<T 9 4PLAY+ _! B1UTY4 ,AUDUBON
FREQU5TLY SP1KS (! MALE Z 5D1V\R+ 9
V>I\S WAYS 6*>M ! FEMALE4 ,MR4 ,G\LD1 AF
DESCRIB+ "S PECULI>ITIES 9 A MALE HUMM+-
BIRD1 SAYS HE HAS NO D\BT T X HAS ! P[]
( 4PLAY+ !M 6! GRTE/ ADVANTAGE 2F !
FEMALE4 ,DR4 ,J]DON 99 7#B7 9SI/S T !
B1UTI;L PLUMAGE (! MALE S]VES 86FASC9ATE
& ATTRACT ! FEMALE40 ,MR4 ,B>TLETT1 AT !
,ZOOLOGICAL ,G>D5S1 EXPRESS$ HMF 6ME 9 !
/R;GE/ T]MS 6! SAME E6ECT4
      --,SEE AL ,ORNA;TAL ,P\LTRY1
    0,REV4 ,E4 ,S4 ,DIXON1 #AHDH1 P4 #H4
    997#B7 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1 9TRODUCT41
    VOL4 I41 P4 ;XXIV42 ON ! P1COCK1
    VOL4 ;III41 P4 #EJG4 ,SEE ,G\LD'S
    ,9TRODUC;N 6,TRO*ILIDAE1 #AHFA1 PP4
    #AE & #AAA4
  ,X M/ 2 A GR& SI<T 9 ! =E/S ( ,9DIA
86-E SU45LY ON TW5TY OR ?IRTY PEA-F[L1 !
MALES 4PLAY+ _! GORGE\S TRA9S1 & /RUTT+
AB 9 ALL ! POMP ( PRIDE 2F ! GRATIFI$
FEMALES40 ,! WILD TURKEY-COCK ERECTS 8
GLITT]+ PLUMAGE1 EXP&S 8 F9ELY-ZON$ TAIL
& B>R$ W+-F1!R1 & ALT1 ) 8 CRIMSON &
BLUE WATTLES1 MAKES A SUP]B1 ?\<1 6\R
EYE1 GROTESQUE APPE>.E4 ,SIMIL> FACTS H
ALR BE5 GIV5 ) RESPECT 6GR\SE ( V>I\S
K9DS4 ,TURN+ 6ANO!R ,ORD]3 ,! MALE
,RUPICOLA CROCEA 7SEE FIG4 #EJ7 IS "O (!
MO/ B1UTI;L BIRDS 9 ! _W1 2+ (A SPL5DID
ORANGE1 ) "S (! F1!RS CURI\SLY TRUNCAT$
& PLUMOSE4 ,! FEMALE IS BR[NI%-GRE51
%AD$ ) R$1 & HAS A M* SMALL] CRE/4 ,SIR
,R4 ,S*OMBURGK HAS DESCRIB$ _! C\RT%IP2
HE F.D "O ( _! MEET+-PLACES ": T5 MALES
& TWO FEMALES 7 PRES5T4 ,! SPACE 0 F F\R
6FIVE FEET 9 DIAMET]1 & APPE>$ 6H BE5
CLE>$ ( E BLADE ( GRASS & SMOO!D Z IF
0HUMAN H&S4 ,A MALE 8WAS CAP]+1 6!
APP>5T DELI<T ( S"EAL O!RS4 ,N[ SPR1D+
XS W+S1 ?R[+ UP XS H1D1 OR OP5+ XS TAIL
L A FAN2 N[ /RUTT+ AB )A HOPP+ GAIT
UNTIL TIR$1 :5 X GAB#D "S K9D ( NOTE1 &
0 RELIEV$ 0ANO!R4 ,?US ?REE ( !M
SU3ESSIVELY TOOK ! FIELD1 & !N1 ) SELF-
APPROB,N1 )DREW 6RE/40 ,! ,9DIANS1 9
ORD] 6OBTA9 _! SK9S1 WAIT AT "O (!
MEET+-PLACES TILL ! BIRDS >E EAG]LY
5GAG$ 9 DANC+1 & !N >E A# 6KILL ) _!
POISON$ >R[S F\R OR FIVE MALES1 "O AF !
O!R4 99 ,) BIRDS ( P>ADISE A DOZ5 OR M
FULL-PLUMAG$ MALES 3GREGATE 9 A TREE
6HOLD A DANC+-"PY1 Z X IS CALL$ 0!
NATIVES3 & "H !Y FLY AB1 RAISE _! W+S1
ELEVATE _! EXQUISITE PLUMES1 & MAKE !M
VIBRATE1 &! :OLE TREE SEEMS1 Z ,MR4
,WALLACE REM>KS1 6BE FILL$ ) WAV+
PLUMES4 ,:5 ?US 5GAG$1 !Y 2COME S
ABSORB$ T A SKIL;L >*] MAY %OOT NE>LY !
:OLE "PY4 ,^! BIRDS1 :5 KEPT 9 3F9E;T 9
! ,MALAY ,>*IPELAGO1 >E SD 6TAKE M* C>E
9 KEEP+ _! F1!RS CL1N2 (T5 SPR1D+ !M \1
EXAM9+ !M1 & REMOV+ E SPECK ( DIRT4 ,"O
OBS]V]1 :O KEPT S"EAL PAIRS ALIVE1 DID N
D\BT T ! 4PLAY (! MALE 0 9T5D$ 6PL1SE !
FEMALE4 99 7#B7
      --,J\RNAL ( ,R4 ,GEOGRAPH4 ,SOC41
    VOL4 X41 #AHDJ1 P4 #BCF4
      997#B7 ,ANNALS & ,MAG4 ( ,NAT4
    ,HI/41 VOL4 ;XIII41 #AHED1 P4 #AEG2
    AL ,WALLACE1 IBID41 VOL4 ;XX41
    #AHEG1 P4 #DAB1 & ,! ,MALAY
    ,>*IPELAGO1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHFI1 P4
    #BEB4 ,AL ,DR4 ,B5NETT1 Z QUOT$
    0,BREHM1 ,ILLU/RI]TES ,?I]LEB51 ,B4
    ;III41 S4 #CBF4
  ,! GOLD & ,AMH]/ PH1SANTS DUR+ _!
C\RT%IP N ONLY EXP& & RAISE _! SPL5DID
FRILLS1 B TWI/ !M1 Z ,I H MYF SE51
OBLIQUELY T[>DS ! FEMALE ON :I*"E SIDE
%E MAY 2 /&+1 OBVI\SLY 9 ORD] T A L>GE
SURFACE MAY 2 4PLAY$ 2F H]4 99 ,!Y
LIKEWISE TURN _! B1UTI;L TAILS & TAIL-
COV]TS A LL T[>DS ! SAME SIDE4 ,MR4
,B>TLETT HAS OBS]V$ A MALE ,POLYPLECTRON
7SEE FIG4 #EA7 9 ! ACT ( C\RT%IP1 & HAS
%[N ME A SPECIM5 /U6$ 9 ! ATTITUDE !N
ASSUM$4 ,! TAIL & W+-F1!RS ( ? BIRD >E
ORNA;T$ ) B1UTI;L OCELLI1 L ^? ON !
P1COCK'S TRA94 ,N[ :5 ! P1COCK 4PLAYS
HMF1 HE EXP&S & ERECTS 8 TAIL
TRANSV]SELY 6HIS BODY1 = HE /&S 9 FRONT
(! FEMALE1 & HAS 6%EW (F1 AT ! SAME "T1
8 RI* BLUE ?ROAT & BR1/4 ,B ! BR1/ (!
,POLYPLECTRON IS OBSCURELY COL\R$1 &!
OCELLI >E N 3F9$ 6! TAIL-F1!RS4
,3SEQU5TLY ! ,POLYPLECTRON DOES N /& 9
FRONT (! FEMALE2 B HE ERECTS & EXP&S 8
TAIL-F1!RS A LL OBLIQUELY1 L[]+ ! EXP&$
W+ ON ! SAME SIDE1 & RAIS+ T ON !
OPPOSITE SIDE4 ,9 ? ATTITUDE ! OCELLI
OV] ! :OLE BODY >E EXPOS$ AT ! SAME "T
2F ! EYES (! ADMIR+ FEMALE 9 "O GR&
2SPANGL$ EXPANSE4 ,6:I*"E SIDE %E MAY
TURN1 ! EXP&$ W+S &! OBLIQUELY-HELD TAIL
>E TURN$ T[>DS H]4 ,! MALE TRAGOPAN
PH1SANT ACTS 9 NE>LY ! SAME MANN]1 = HE
RAISES ! F1!RS (! BODY1 ?\< N ! W+ XF1
ON ! SIDE : IS OPPOSITE 6! FEMALE1 & :
WD O!RWISE 2 3C1L$1 S T NE>LY ALL !
B1UTI;LLY SPOTT$ F1!RS >E EXHIBIT$ AT !
SAME "T4
      --,MR4 ,T4 ,W4 ,WOOD HAS GIV5 7,!
    ,/UD5T1 ,APRIL1 #AHGJ1 P4 #AAE7 A
    FULL A3.T ( ? MANN] ( 4PLAY1 0! GOLD
    PH1SANT & 0! ,JAPANESE PH1SANT1 ,PH4
    V]SICOLOR2 & HE CALLS X ! LAT]AL OR
    "O-SID$ 4PLAY4
  ,! ,>GUS PH1SANT AF=DS A M* M REM>KA#
CASE4 ,! IMM5SELY DEVELOP$ SECOND>Y W+-
F1!RS >E 3F9$ 6! MALE2 & EA* IS ORNA;T$
)A R[ ( F TW5TY 6TW5TY-?REE OCELLI1 ABV
AN 9* 9 DIAMET]4 ,^! F1!RS >E AL
ELEGANTLY M>K$ ) OBLIQUE /RIPES & R[S (
SPOTS (A D>K COL\R1 L ^? ON ! SK9 (A
TIG] & LEOP>D -B9$4 ,^! B1UTI;L ORNA;TS
>E HI45 UNTIL ! MALE %[S HMF (F 2F !
FEMALE4 ,HE !N ERECTS 8 TAIL1 & EXP&S 8
W+-F1!RS 96A GRT1 ALM UP"R1 CIRCUL> FAN
OR %IELD1 : IS C>RI$ 9 FRONT (! BODY4 ,!
NECK & H1D >E HELD ON "O SIDE1 S T !Y >E
3C1L$ 0! FAN2 B ! BIRD 9 ORD] 6SEE !
FEMALE1 2F :OM HE IS 4PLAY+ HMF1 "S"TS
PU%ES 8 H1D 2T TWO (! L;G W+-F1!RS 7Z
,MR4 ,B>TLETT HAS SE571 & !N PRES5TS A
GROTESQUE APPE>.E4 ,? M/ 2 A FREQU5T
HABIT )! BIRD 9 A /ATE ( NATURE1 = ,MR4
,B>TLETT & 8 SON ON EXAM9+ "S P]FECT
SK9S S5T F ! ,EA/1 F.D A PLACE 2T TWO (!
F1!RS : 0 M* FRAY$1 Z IF ! H1D _H "H
FREQU5TLY BE5 PU%$ "?4 ,MR4 ,WOOD ?9KS T
! MALE C AL PEEP AT ! FEMALE ON "O SIDE1
2Y ! M>G9 (! FAN4
  ,! OCELLI ON ! W+-F1!RS >E WOND];L
OBJECTS2 = !Y >E S %AD$ T1 Z ! ,DUKE (
,>GYLL REM>KS1 99 !Y /& \ L BALLS LY+
LOOSELY )9 SOCKETS4 ,:5 ,I LOOK$ AT !
SPECIM5 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM1 : IS M.T$ )
! W+S EXP&$ & TRAIL+ D[NW>DS1 ,I 0 H["E
GRTLY 4APPO9T$1 =! OCELLI APPE>$ FLAT1
OR EV5 3CAVE4 ,B ,MR4 ,G\LD SOON MADE !
CASE CLE> 6ME1 = HE HELD ! F1!RS ERECT4
9 ! POSI;N 9 : !Y WD NATUR,Y 2 4PLAY$1 &
N[ F ! LI<T %9+ ON !M F ABV EA* OCELLUS
AT ONCE RESEM#D ! ORNA;T CALL$ A BALL &
SOCKET4 ,^! F1!RS H BE5 %EWN 6S"EAL
>TI/S1 & ALL H EXPRESS$ _! ADMIR,N AT !
P]FECT %AD+4 ,X MAY WELL 2 ASK$1 CD S*
>TI/IC,Y %AD$ ORNA;TS H BE5 =M$ 0M1NS (
SEXUAL SELEC;N8 ,B X W 2 3V5I5T 6DEF]
GIV+ AN ANSW] 6? "Q UNTIL WE TR1T 9 !
NEXT *APT] (! PR9CIPLE ( GRAD,N4
      --,! ,REIGN ( ,LAW1 #AHFG1 P4
    #BJC4
  ,! =EGO+ REM>KS RELATE 6! SECOND>Y W+-
F1!RS1 B ! PRIM>Y W+-F1!RS1 : 9 MO/
GALL9ACE\S BIRDS >E UNI=MLY COL\R$1 >E 9
! ,>GUS PH1SANT EQU,Y WOND];L4 ,!Y >E (A
S(T BR[N T9T ) NUM]\S D>K SPOTS1 EA* ( :
3SI/S ( TWO OR ?REE BLACK DOTS )A
SURR.D+ D>K Z"O4 ,B ! *IEF ORNA;T IS A
SPACE P>ALLEL 6! D>K-BLUE %AFT1 : 9
\TL9E =MS A P]FECT SECOND F1!R LY+ )9 !
TRUE F1!R4 ,? 9N] "P IS COL\R$ (A LI<T]
*E/NUT1 & IS ?ICKLY DOTT$ ) M9UTE :ITE
PO9TS4 ,I H %EWN ? F1!R 6S"EAL P]SONS1 &
_M H ADMIR$ X EV5 M ?AN ! BALL & SOCKET
F1!RS1 & H DCLD T X 0 M L A "W ( >T ?AN
( NATURE4 ,N[ ^! F1!RS >E Q HI45 ON ALL
ORD9>Y O3A.NS1 B >E FULLY 4PLAY$1 TGR )!
L;G SECOND>Y F1!RS1 :5 !Y >E ALL EXP&$
TGR S Z 6=M ! GRT FAN OR %IELD4
  ,! CASE (! MALE ,>GUS PH1SANT IS
EM95TLY 9T]E/+1 2C X AF=DS GD EVID;E T !
MO/ REF9$ B1UTY MAY S]VE Z A SEXUAL *>M1
&= NO O!R PURPOSE4 ,WE M/ 3CLUDE T ? IS
! CASE1 Z ! SECOND>Y & PRIM>Y W+-F1!RS
>E N AT ALL 4PLAY$1 &! BALL & SOCKET
ORNA;TS >E N EXHIBIT$ 9 FULL P]FEC;N
UNTIL ! MALE ASSUMES ! ATTITUDE (
C\RT%IP4 ,! ,>GUS PH1SANT DOES N POSSESS
BRILLIANT COL\RS1 S T 8 SU3ESS 9 LOVE
APPE>S 6DEP5D ON ! GRT SIZE ( 8 PLUMES1
& ON ! ELABOR,N (! MO/ ELEGANT PATT]NS4
,_M W DCL T X IS UTT]LY 9CR$I# T A
FEMALE BIRD %D 2 A# 6APPRECIATE F9E %AD+
& EXQUISITE PATT]NS1 ,X IS UND\BT$LY A
M>VELL\S FACT T %E %D POSSESS ? ALM
HUMAN DEGREE ( TA/E4 ,HE :O ?9KS T HE C
SAFELY GAUGE ! 4CRIM9,N & TA/E (! L[]
ANIMALS MAY D5Y T ! FEMALE ,>GUS PH1SANT
C APPRECIATE S* REF9$ B1UTY2 B HE W !N 2
-PELL$ 6ADMIT T ! EXTRAORD9>Y ATTITUDES
ASSUM$ 0! MALE DUR+ ! ACT ( C\RT%IP1 0:
! WOND];L B1UTY ( 8 PLUMAGE IS FULLY
4PLAY$1 >E PURPOSE.S2 & ? IS A 3CLU.N :
,I = "O W N"E ADMIT4
  ,AL? S _M PH1SANTS & ALLI$ GALL9ACE\S
BIRDS C>E;LLY 4PLAY _! PLUMAGE 2F !
FEMALES1 X IS REM>KA#1 Z ,MR4 ,B>TLETT
9=MS ME1 T ? IS N ! CASE )! DULL-COL\R$
,E>$ & ,*E] PH1SANTS 7,CROSSOPTILON
AURITUM & ,PHASIANUS WALLI*II72 S T ^!
BIRDS SEEM 3SCI\S T !Y H LL B1UTY
64PLAY4 ,MR4 ,B>TLETT HAS N"E SE5 !
MALES ( EI ( ^! SPECIES FI<T+ TGR1 ?\<
HE HAS N _H S* GD OPPORTUNITIES = OBS]V+
! ,*E] OR ! ,E>$ PH1SANT4 ,MR4 ,J5N]
,WEIR1 AL1 F9DS T ALL MALE BIRDS ) RI*
OR /R;GLY-"*IS$ PLUMAGE >E M QU>REL"S
?AN ! DULL-COL\R$ SPECIES 2L;G+ 6! SAME
GR\PS4 ,! GOLDF9*1 = 9/.E1 IS F> M
PUGNACI\S ?AN ! L9NET1 &! BLACKBIRD ?AN
! ?RU%4 ,^? BIRDS : "UGO A S1SONAL *ANGE
( PLUMAGE LIKEWISE 2COME M* M PUGNACI\S
AT ! P]IOD :5 !Y >E MO/ GAILY ORNA;T$4
,NO D\BT ! MALES ( "S OBSCURELY-COL\R$
BIRDS FI<T DESP]ATELY TGR1 B X APPE>S T
:5 SEXUAL SELEC;N HAS BE5 HI<LY
9FLU5TIAL1 & HAS GIV5 B"R COL\RS 6!
MALES ( ANY SPECIES1 X HAS AL V (T5 GIV5
A /R;G T5D5CY 6PUGNAC;Y4 ,WE % MEET )
NE>LY ANALOG\S CASES :5 WE TR1T (
MAMMALS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ) BIRDS ! P[] (
S;G & BRILLIANT COL\RS H R>ELY BE5 BO?
ACQUIR$ 0! MALES (! SAME SPECIES2 B 9 ?
CASE ! ADVANTAGE GA9$ WD H BE5 ! SAME1
"NLY1 SU3ESS 9 *>M+ ! FEMALE4 ,N"E!.S X
M/ 2 [N$ T ! MALES ( S"EAL BRILLIANTLY
COL\R$ BIRDS H _H _! F1!RS SPECI,Y
MODIFI$ =! SAKE ( PRODUC+ 9/RU;TAL
MUSIC1 ?\< ! B1UTY ( ? _C 2 -P>$1 AT L1/
AC 6\R TA/E1 ) T (! VOCAL MUSIC ( _M
S;G/]S4
  ,WE W N[ TURN 6MALE BIRDS : >E N
ORNA;T$ 9 ANY HI< DEGREE1 B : N"E!.S
4PLAY DUR+ _! C\RT%IP :AT"E ATTRAC;NS !Y
MAY POSSESS4 ,^! CASES >E 9 "S RESPECTS
M CURI\S ?AN ! =EGO+1 & H BE5 B LL
NOTIC$4 ,I [E ! FOLL[+ FACTS 6,MR4
,WEIR1 :O HAS L;G KEPT 3F9$ BIRDS ( _M
K9DS1 9CLUD+ ALL ! ,BRITI% ,FR+ILLIDAE &
,EMB]IZIDAE4 ,! FACTS H BE5 SELECT$ F A
L>GE BODY ( VALUA# NOTES K9DLY S5T ME
0HM4 ,! BULLF9* MAKES 8 ADV.ES 9 FRONT (
! FEMALE1 & !N PU6S \ 8 BR1/1 S T _M M (
! CRIMSON F1!RS >E SE5 AT ONCE ?AN
O!RWISE WD 2 ! CASE4 ,AT ! SAME "T HE
TWI/S & B[S 8 BLACK TAIL F SIDE 6SIDE 9
A LUDICR\S MANN]4 ,! MALE *A69* AL /&S 9
FRONT (! FEMALE1 ?US %[+ 8 R$ BR1/ &
8BLUE BELL10 Z ! FANCI]S CALL 8 H1D2 !
W+S AT ! SAME "T 2+ SLI<TLY EXP&$1 )!
PURE :ITE B&S ON ! %\LD]S ?US R5D]$
3SPICU\S4 ,! -MON L9NET 4T5DS 8 ROSY
BR1/1 SLI<TLY EXP&S 8 BR[N W+S & TAIL1 S
Z 6MAKE ! BE/ ( !M 0EXHIBIT+ _! :ITE
$G+S4 ,WE M/1 H["E1 2 CAUTI\S 9 3CLUD+ T
! W+S >E SPR1D \ SOLELY = 4PLAY1 Z "S
BIRDS D S ^: W+S >E N B1UTI;L4 ,? IS !
CASE )! DOME/IC COCK1 B X IS ALW ! W+ ON
! SIDE OPPOSITE 6! FEMALE : IS EXP&$1 &
AT ! SAME "T SCRAP$ ON ! GR.D4 ,! MALE
GOLD-F9* 2HAVES DI6]5TLY F ALL O!R
F9*ES3 8 W+S >E B1UTI;L1 ! %\LD]S 2+
BLACK1 )! D>K-TIPP$ W+-F1!RS SPOTT$ )
:ITE & $G$ ) GOLD5 YELL[4 ,:5 HE C\RTS !
FEMALE1 HE SWAYS 8 BODY F SIDE 6SIDE1 &
QKLY TURNS 8 SLI<TLY EXP&$ W+S F/ 6"O
SIDE1 !N 6! O!R1 )A GOLD5 FLA%+ E6ECT4
,MR4 ,WEIR 9=MS ME T NO O!R ,BRITI% F9*
TURNS ?US F SIDE 6SIDE DUR+ 8 C\RT%IP1 N
EV5 ! CLOSELY-ALLI$ MALE SISK91 = HE WD
N ?US ADD 6HIS B1UTY4
      ,MO/ (! ,BRITI% BUNT+S >E PLA9
    COL\R$ BIRDS2 B 9 ! SPR+ ! F1!RS ON
    ! H1D (! MALE RE$-BUNT+ 7,EMB]IZA
    S*AENICULUS7 ACQUIRE A F9E BLACK
    COL\R 0! ABRA.N (! DUSKY TIPS2 & ^!
    >E ERECT$ DUR+ ! ACT ( C\RT%IP4 ,MR4
    ,WEIR HAS KEPT TWO SPECIES ( ,AMAD9A
    F ,AU/RALIA3 ! ,A4 CA/ANOTIS IS A V
    SMALL & *A/ELY COL\R$ F9*1 )A D>K
    TAIL1 :ITE RUMP1 & JET-BLACK UPP]
    TAIL-COV]TS1 EA* (! LATT] 2+ M>K$ )
    ?REE L>GE 3SPICU\S OVAL SPOTS (
    :ITE4 99 ,? SPECIES1 :5 C\RT+ !
    FEMALE1 SLI<TLY SPR1DS \ & VIBRATES
    ^! "PI-COL\R$ TAIL-COV]TS 9 A V
    PECULI> MANN]4 ,! MALE ,AMAD9A
    LA?AMI 2HAVES V DI6]5TLY1 EXHIBIT+
    2F ! FEMALE 8 BRILLIANTLY SPOTT$
    BR1/1 SC>LET RUMP1 & SC>LET UPP]
    TAIL-COV]TS4 ,I MAY "H ADD F ,DR4
    ,J]DON T ! ,9DIAN BULBUL
    7,PYCNONOTUS HOEMORRH\S7 HAS XS "U
    TAIL-COV]TS (A CRIMSON COL\R1 & ^!1
    X MI<T 2 ?"\ CD N"E 2 WELL EXHIBIT$2
    B ! BIRD 8:5 EXCIT$ (T5 SPR1DS !M \
    LAT],Y S T !Y C 2 SE5 EV5 F ABV48
    997#B7 ,! CRIMSON "U TAIL-COV]TS (
    "S O!R BIRDS Z ) "O (! WOODPECK]S1
    ,PICUS MAJOR1 C 2 SE5 )\T ANY S*
    4PLAY4 ,! -MON PIGEON HAS IRIDESC5T
    F1!RS ON ! BR1/1 & E "O M/ H SE5 H[
    ! MALE 9FLATES 8 BR1/ :IL/ C\RT+ !
    FEMALE1 ?US %EW+ !M (F 6! BE/
    ADVANTAGE4 ,"O (! B1UTI;L BRONZE-W+$
    PIGEONS ( ,AU/RALIA 7,OCYPHAPS
    LOPHOTES7 2HAVES1 Z DESCRIB$ 6ME
    0,MR4 ,WEIR1 V DI6]5TLY3 ! MALE1
    :IL/ /&+ 2F ! FEMALE1 L[]S 8 H1D ALM
    6! GR.D1 SPR1DS \ & RAISES 8 TAIL1 &
    HALF EXP&S 8 W+S4 ,HE !N ALT]NATELY
    & SL[LY RAISES & DEPRESSES 8 BODY1 S
    T ! IRIDESC5T METALLIC F1!RS >E ALL
    SE5 AT ONCE1 & GLITT] 9 ! SUN4
      --,=! DESCRIP;N ( ^! BIRDS1 SEE
    ,G\LD'S ,H&BOOK (! ,BIRDS (
    ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4 I41 #AHFE1 P4 #DAG4
      997#B7 ,BIRDS ( ,9DIA1 VOL4 ;II41
    P4 #IF4
  ,SU6ICI5T FACTS H N[ BE5 GIV5 6%EW )
:AT C>E MALE BIRDS 4PLAY _! V>I\S *>MS1
& ? !Y D )! UTMO/ SKILL4 ,:IL/ PRE5+ _!
F1!RS1 !Y H FREQU5T OPPORTUNITIES =
ADMIR+ !MVS1 &( /UDY+ H[ BE/ 6EXHIBIT _!
B1UTY4 ,B Z ALL ! MALES (! SAME SPECIES
4PLAY !MVS 9 EXACTLY ! SAME MANN]1 X
APPE>S T AC;NS1 AT F/ P]H 9T5;NAL1 H
2COME 9/9CTIVE4 ,IF S1 WE "\ N 6A3USE
BIRDS ( 3SCI\S VAN;Y2 YET :5 WE SEE A
P1COCK /RUTT+ AB1 ) EXP&$ & QUIV]+ TAIL-
F1!RS1 HE SEEMS ! V EM#M ( PRIDE &
VAN;Y4
  ,! V>I\S ORNA;TS POSSESS$ 0! MALES >E
C]TA9LY (! HI<E/ IMPORT.E 6!M1 = 9 "S
CASES !Y H BE5 ACQUIR$ AT ! EXP5SE (
GRTLY IMP$$ P[]S ( FLI<T OR ( RUNN+4 ,!
,AFRICAN NI<T-J> 7,COSMETORNIS71 : DUR+
! PAIR+-S1SON HAS "O ( XS PRIM>Y W+-
F1!RS DEVELOP$ 96A /R1M] ( V GRT L5G?1
IS "!BY M* RET>D$ 9 XS FLI<T1 AL? AT O!R
"TS REM>KA# = XS SWIFT;S4 ,! 8UNWIELDY
SIZE0 (! SECOND>Y W+-F1!R (! MALE ,>GUS
PH1SANT IS SD 8ALM 5TIRELY 6DEPRIVE !
BIRD ( FLI<T40 ,! F9E PLUMES ( MALE
BIRDS ( P>ADISE TR\# !M DUR+ A HI< W9D4
,! EXTREMELY L;G TAIL-F1!RS (! MALE
WID[-BIRDS 7,VIDUA7 ( ,S\!RN ,AFRICA
R5D] 8_! FLI<T H1VY20 B Z SOON Z ^! >E
CA/ (F !Y FLY Z WELL Z ! FEMALES4 ,Z
BIRDS ALW BRE$ :5 FOOD IS ABUNDANT1 !
MALES PROBABLY D N SU6] M* 9CONV5I;E 9
SE>*+ = FOOD F _! IMP$$ P[]S ( MOVE;T2 B
"! C H>DLY 2 A D\BT T !Y M/ 2 M* M LIA#
6BE /RUCK D[N 0BIRDS ( PREY4 ,NOR C WE
D\BT T ! L;G TRA9 (! P1COCK &! L;G TAIL
& W+-F1!RS (! ,>GUS PH1SANT M/ R5D] !M
AN EASI] PREY 6ANY PR[L+ TIG]-CAT ?AN WD
O!RWISE 2 ! CASE4 ,EV5 ! B"R COL\RS ( _M
MALE BIRDS _C FAIL 6MAKE !M 3SPICU\S 6_!
5EMIES ( ALL K9DS4 ,H;E1 Z ,MR4 ,G\LD
HAS REM>K$1 X PROBABLY IS T S* BIRDS >E
G5],Y (A %Y 4POSI;N1 Z IF 3SCI\S T _!
B1UTY 0 A S\RCE ( DANG]1 & >E M* M
DI6ICULT 64COV] OR APPROA*1 ?AN ! SOMBRE
COL\R$ & -P>ATIVELY TAME FEMALES OR ?AN
! "Y & Z YET UNADORN$ MALES4 99
      --,ON ! ,COSMETORNIS1 SEE
    ,LIV+/"O'S ,EXP$I;N 6! ,ZAMBESI1
    #AHFE1 P4 #FF4 ,ON ! ,>GUS PH1SANT1
    ,J>D9E'S ,NAT4 ,HI/4 ,LIB43 ,BIRDS1
    VOL4 ;XIV41 P4 #AFG4 ,ON BIRDS (
    P>ADISE1 ,LESSON1 QUOT$ 0,BREHM1
    ,?I]LEB51 ,B4 ;III41 S4 #CBE4 ,ON !
    WID[-BIRD1 ,B>R['S ,TRAVELS 9
    ,AFRICA1 VOL4 I41 P4 #BDC1 & ,IBIS4
    VOL41 ;III41 #AHFA P4 #ACC4 ,MR4
    ,G\LD1 ON ! %Y;S ( MALE BIRDS1
    ,H&BOOK 6,BIRDS ( ,AU/RALIA1 VOL4
    I41 #AHFE1 PP4 #BAJ1 #DEG
  ,X IS A M CURI\S FACT T ! MALES ( "S
BIRDS : >E PROVID$ ) SPECIAL W1PONS =
BATTLE1 & : 9 A /ATE ( NATURE >E S
PUGNACI\S T !Y (T5 KILL EA* O!R1 SU6] F
POSSESS+ C]TA9 ORNA;TS4 ,COCK-FI<T]S
TRIM ! HACKLES & CUT (F ! -BS & GILLS (
_! COCKS2 &! BIRDS >E !N SD 6BE DU2$4
,AN UNDU2$ BIRD1 Z ,MR4 ,TEGETMEI]
9SI/S1 8IS AT A FE>;L 4ADVANTAGE2 ! -B &
GILLS (F] AN EASY HOLD 6HIS ADV]S>Y'S
B1K1 & Z A COCK ALW /RIKES ": HE HOLDS1
:5 ONCE HE HAS SEIZ$ 8 FOE1 HE HAS HM
5TIRELY 9 8 P[]4 ,EV5 SUPPOS+ T ! BIRD
IS N KILL$1 ! LOSS ( BLOOD SU6]$ 0AN
UNDU2$ COCK IS M* GRT] ?AN T SU/A9$ 0"O
T HAS BE5 TRIMM$48 99 ,"Y TURKEY-COCKS 9
FI<T+ ALW SEIZE HOLD ( EA* O!R'S
WATTLES2 & ,I PRESUME T ! OLD BIRDS FI<T
9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,X MAY P]H 2 OBJECT$ T !
-B & WATTLES >E N ORNA;TAL1 & _C 2 (
S]VICE 6! BIRDS 9 ? WAY2 B EV5 6\R EYES1
! B1UTY (! GLOSSY BLACK ,SPANI% COCK IS
M* 5H.ED 0HIS :ITE FACE & CRIMSON -B2 &
NO "O :O HAS "E SE5 ! SPL5DID BLUE
WATTLES (! MALE TRAGOPAN PH1SANT 4T5D$ 9
C\RT%IP C =A MO;T D\BT T B1UTY IS !
OBJECT GA9$4 ,F ! =EGO+ FACTS WE CLE>LY
SEE T ! PLUMES & O!R ORNA;TS (! MALES M/
2 (! HI<E/ IMPORT.E 6!M2 & WE FUR!R SEE
T B1UTY IS EV5 "S"TS M IMPORTANT ?AN
SU3ESS 9 BATTLE4
      --,TEGETMEI]1 ,! ,P\LTRY ,BOOK1
    #AHFF1 P4 #ACI4