,,*APT] ,,XII4
     ,,SECOND>Y ,,SEXUAL ,,"*S ,,(
         ,,FI%ES1 ,,AMPHIBIANS1
            ,,& ,,REPTILES4

  ,WE H N[ >RIV$ AT ! GRT SUB-K+DOM (!
,V]TEBRATA1 & W -M;E )! L[E/ CLASS1 T (
FI%ES4 ,! MALES ( PLAGIO/OM\S FI%ES
7%>KS1 RAYS7 &( *IMAEROID FI%ES >E
PROVID$ ) CLASP]S : S]VE 6RETA9 !
FEMALE1 L ! V>I\S /RUCTURES POSSESS$ 0_M
(! L[] ANIMALS4 ,2SS ! CLASP]S1 ! MALES
( _M RAYS H CLU/]S ( /R;G %>P SP9ES ON
_! H1DS1 & S"EAL R[S AL;G 8! UPP] \T]
SURFACE ( _! PECTORAL F9S40 ,^! >E
PRES5T 9 ! MALES ( "S SPECIES1 : H O!R
"PS ( _! BODIES SMOO?4 ,!Y >E ONLY
TEMPOR>ILY DEVELOP$ DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON2
& ,DR4 ,GUN!R SUSPECTS T !Y >E BR"\
96AC;N Z PREH5SILE ORGANS 0! D\BL+ 9W>DS
& D[NW>DS (! TWO SIDES (! BODY4 ,X IS A
REM>KA# FACT T ! FEMALES & N ! MALES (
"S SPECIES1 Z ( ,RAIA CLAVATA1 H _!
BACKS /U4$ ) L>GE HOOK-=M$ SP9ES4 99
      --,Y>RELL'S ,HI/4 ( ,BRITI%
    ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHCF1 PP #DAG1
    #DBE1 #DCF4 ,DR4 ,GUN!R 9=MS ME T !
    SP9ES 9 ,R4 CLAVATA >E PECULI> 6!
    FEMALE4
  ,! MALES AL"O (! CAPEL9 7,MALLOTUS
VILLOSUS1 "O ( ,SALMONIDAE71 >E PROVID$
)A RIDGE ( CLOSELY-SET1 BRU%-L SCALES1
0! AID ( : TWO MALES1 "O ON EA* SIDE1
HOLD ! FEMALE1 :IL/ %E RUNS ) GRT
SWIFT;S ON ! S&Y B1*1 & "! DEPOSITS H]
SPAWN4 99 ,! WIDELY 4T9CT ,MONACAN?US
SCOPAS PRES5TS A "S:AT ANALOG\S
/RUCTURE4 ,! MALE1 Z ,DR4 ,GUN!R 9=MS
ME1 HAS A CLU/] ( /IFF1 /RAI<T SP9ES1 L
^? (A -B1 ON ! SIDES (! TAIL2 & ^! 9 A
SPECIM5 SIX 9*ES L;G 7 NE>LY "O &A HALF
9*ES 9 L5G?2 ! FEMALE HAS 9 ! SAME PLACE
A CLU/] ( BRI/LES1 : MAY 2 -P>$ ) ^? (A
TOO?-BRU%4 ,9 ANO!R SPECIES1 ,M4 P]ONII1
! MALE HAS A BRU% L T POSSESS$ 0! FEMALE
(! LA/ SPECIES1 :IL/ ! SIDES (! TAIL 9 !
FEMALE >E SMOO?4 ,9 "S O!R SPECIES (!
SAME G5US ! TAIL C 2 P]CVD 6BE A LL
R\<5$ 9 ! MALE & P]FECTLY SMOO? 9 !
FEMALE2 & LA/LY 9 O!RS1 BO? SEXES H
SMOO? SIDES4
      --,! ,AM]ICAN ,NATURALI/1 ,APRIL1
    #AHGA1 P4 #AAI4
  ,! MALES ( _M FI% FI<T =! POSSES.N (!
FEMALES4 ,?US ! MALE /ICKLEBACK
7,GA/]O/EUS LEIURUS7 HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ Z
8MAD ) DELI<T10 :5 ! FEMALE -ES \ ( H]
HID+-PLACE & SURVEYS ! NE/ : HE HAS MADE
= H]4 8,HE D>TS R.D H] 9 E DIREC;N1 !N
6HIS A3UMULAT$ MAT]IALS =! NE/1 !N BACK
AG 9 AN 9/ANT2 & Z %E DOES N ADV.E HE
5D1V\RS 6PU% H] ) 8 SN\T1 & !N TRIES
6PULL H] 0! TAIL & SIDE-SP9E 6! NE/48 99
,! MALES >E SD 6BE POLYGAMI/S2 99 7#B7
!Y >E EXTRAORD9>ILY BOLD & PUGNACI\S1
:IL/ 8! FEMALES >E Q PACIFIC40 ,_!
BATTLES >E AT "TS DESP]ATE2 8= ^! PUNY
-BATANTS FA/5 TI<T ON EA* O!R = S"EAL
SECONDS1 TUMBL+ OV] & OV] AG UNTIL _!
/R5G? APPE>S -PLETELY EXHAU/$40 ,)! R\<-
TAIL$ /ICKLEBACK 7,G4 TRA*URUS7 ! MALES
:IL/ FI<T+ SWIM R.D & R.D EA* O!R1 BIT+
& 5D1V\R+ 6PI]CE EA* O!R ) _! RAIS$
LAT]AL SP9ES4 ,! SAME WRIT] A4S1 99 7#C7
8! BITE ( ^! LL FURIES IS V SEV]E4 ,!Y
AL USE _! LAT]AL SP9ES ) S* FATAL E6ECT1
T ,I H SE5 "O DUR+ A BATTLE ABSOLUTELY
RIP 8 OPPON5T Q OP51 S T HE SANK 6!
BOTTOM & DI$40 ,:5 A FI% IS 3QU]$1 8HIS
GALLANT BE>+ =SAKES HM2 8 GAY COL\RS
FADE AWAY2 & HE HIDES 8 4GRACE AM;G 8
P1CEA# -PANIONS1 B IS = "S "T ! 3/ANT
OBJECT ( 8 3QU]OR'S P]SECU;N40
      --,SEE ,MR1 ,R4 ,W>+TON'S 9T]E/+
    >TICLES 9 ,ANNALS & ,MAGAZ9E (
    ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1 ,OCTOB]1 #AHEB1 &
    ,NOVEMB]1 #AHEE4
      997#B7 ,NOEL ,HUMPHREYS4 ,RIV]
    ,G>D5S1 #AHEG4
      997#C7 ,L\DON'S ,MAGAZ9E (
    ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1 VOL4 ;III41 #AHCJ1
    P4 #CCA4
  ,! MALE SALMON IS Z PUGNACI\S Z ! LL
/ICKLEBACK2 & S IS ! MALE TR\T1 Z ,I HE>
F ,DR4 ,GUN!R4 ,MR4 ,%AW SAW A VIOL5T
3TE/ 2T TWO MALE SALMON : LA/$ ! :OLE
"D2 & ,MR4 ,R4 ,BUI/1 ,SUP]9T5D5T (
,FI%]IES1 9=MS ME T HE HAS (T5 WAT*$ F !
BRIDGE AT ,P]? ! MALES DRIV+ AWAY _!
RIVALS1 :IL/ ! FEMALES 7 SPAWN+ ,! MALES
8>E 3/ANTLY FI<T+ & TE>+ EA* O!R ON !
SPAWN+-B$S1 & _M S 9JURE EA* O!R Z
6CAUSE ! D1? ( NUMB]S1 _M 2+ SE5 SWIMM+
NE> ! BANKS (! RIV] 9 A /ATE ( EXHAUS;N1
& APP>5TLY 9 A DY+ /ATE48 99 ,MR4 ,BUI/
9=MS ME1 T 9 ,JUNE #AHFH1 ! KEEP] (!
,/ORMONTFIELD BRE$+-PONDS VISIT$ !
NOR!RN ,TYNE & F.D AB #CJJ D1D SALMON1
ALL ( : ) "O EXCEP;N 7 MALES2 & HE 0
3V9C$ T !Y _H LO/ _! LIVES 0FI<T+4
      --,! ,FIELD1 ,JUNE #BI1 #AHFG4 ,=
    ,MR4 ,%AW'S /ATE;TS1 SEE ,$9BUR<
    ,REVIEW1 #AHDC4 ,ANO!R EXP]I;ED
    OBS]V] 7,SCROPE'S ,"DS ( ,SALMON
    ,FI%+1 P4 #FJ7 REM>KS T L ! /AG1 !
    MALE WD1 IF HE CD1 KEEP ALL O!R
    MALES AWAY4
  ,! MO/ CURI\S PO9T AB ! MALE SALMON IS
T DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 2SS A SLI<T *ANGE
9 COL\R1 8! L[] JAW EL;GATES1 &A
C>TILAG9\S PROJEC;N TURNS UPW>DS F !
PO9T1 :1 :5 ! JAWS >E CLOS$1 O3UPIES A
DEEP CAV;Y 2T ! 9T]MAXILL>Y B"OS (! UPP]
JAW48 99 7,SEE FIGS4 #BG & #BH47 ,9 \R
SALMON ? *ANGE ( /RUCTURE LA/S ONLY DUR+
! BRE$+-S1SON2 B 9 ! ,SALMO LYCAODON (
,N4 ,W4 ,AM]ICA ! *ANGE1 Z ,MR4 ,J4 ,K4
,"L 99 7#B7 2LIEVES1 IS P]MAN5T1 & BE/
M>K$ 9 ! OLD] MALES : H PREVI\SLY ASC5D$
! RIV]S4 ,9 ^! OLD MALES ! JAW 2COMES
DEVELOP$ 96AN IMM5SE HOOK-L PROJEC;N1 &!
TEE? GR[ 96REGUL> FANGS1 (T5 M ?AN HALF
AN 9* 9 L5G?4 ,)! ,EUROP1N SALMON1 AC
6,MR4 ,LLOYD1 99 7#C7 ! TEMPOR>Y HOOK-L
/RUCTURE S]VES 6/R5G!N & PROTECT ! JAWS1
:5 "O MALE *>GES ANO!R ) WOND];L VIOL;E2
B ! GRTLY DEVELOP$ TEE? (! MALE ,AM]ICAN
SALMON MAY 2 -P>$ )! TUSKS ( _M MALE
MAMMALS1 & !Y 9DICATE AN (F5SIVE R ?AN A
PROTECTIVE PURPOSE4
      --,Y>RELL1 ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI%
    ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHCF1 P4 #AJ4
      997#B7 ,! ,NATURALI/ 9 ,VANC\V]'S
    ,ISL&1 VOL4 I41 #AHFF1 P4 #ED4
      997#C7 ,SC&9AVIAN ,ADV5TURES1 VOL4
    I41 #AHED1 PP4 #AJJ1 #AJD4
  ,! SALMON IS N ! ONLY FI% 9 : ! TEE?
DI6] 9 ! TWO SEXES2 Z ? IS ! CASE ) _M
RAYS4 ,9 ! ?ORNBACK 7,RAIA CLAVATA7 !
ADULT MALE HAS %>P1 PO9T$ TEE?1 DIRECT$
BACKW>DS1 :IL/ ^? (! FEMALE >E BROAD &
FLAT1 & =M A PAVE;T2 S T ^! TEE? DI6] 9
! TWO SEXES (! SAME SPECIES M ?AN IS
USUAL 9 4T9CT G5]A (! SAME FAMILY4 ,!
TEE? (! MALE 2COME %>P ONLY :5 HE IS
ADULT3 :IL/ "Y !Y >E BROAD & FLAT L ^? (
! FEMALE4 ,Z S FREQU5TLY O3URS )
SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 BO? SEXES ( "S
SPECIES ( RAYS 7= 9/.E ,R4 BATIS71 :5
ADULT1 POSSESS %>P PO9T$ TEE?2 & "H A
"*1 PROP] 6& PRIM>ILY GA9$ 0! MALE1
APPE>S 6H BE5 TRANSMITT$ 6! (FSPR+ ( BO?
SEXES4 ,! TEE? >E LIKEWISE PO9T$ 9 BO?
SEXES ( ,R4 MACULATA1 B ONLY :5 Q ADULT2
! MALES ACQUIR+ !M AT AN E>LI] AGE ?AN !
FEMALES4 ,WE % "HAF MEET ) ANALOG\S
CASES 9 C]TA9 BIRDS1 9 : ! MALE ACQUIRES
! PLUMAGE -MON 6BO? SEXES :5 ADULT1 AT A
"S:AT E>LI] AGE ?AN DOES ! FEMALE4 ,)
O!R SPECIES ( RAYS ! MALES EV5 :5 OLD
N"E POSSESS %>P TEE?1 & 3SEQU5TLY !
ADULTS ( BO? SEXES >E PROVID$ ) BROAD1
FLAT TEE? L ^? (! "Y1 & L ^? (! MATURE
FEMALES (! ABV-M5;N$ SPECIES4 99 ,Z !
RAYS >E BOLD1 /R;G & VORACI\S FI%1 WE
MAY SUSPECT T ! MALES REQUIRE _! %>P
TEE? = FI<T+ ) _! RIVALS2 B Z !Y POSSESS
_M "PS MODIFI$ & ADAPT$ =! PREH5.N (!
FEMALE1 X IS POSSI# T _! TEE? MAY 2 US$
= ? PURPOSE4
      --,SEE ,Y>RELL'S A3.T (! RAYS 9 8
    ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;II41
    #AHCF1 P4 #DAF1 ) AN EXCELL5T
    FIGURE1 & PP4 #DBB1 #DCB4
  ,9 REG>D 6SIZE1 ,M4 ,C>BONNI] 99
MA9TA9S T ! FEMALE ( ALM ALL FI%ES IS
L>G] ?AN ! MALE2 & ,DR4 ,GUN!R DOES N "K
(A S+LE 9/.E 9 : ! MALE IS ACTU,Y L>G]
?AN ! FEMALE4 ,) "S CYPR9ODONTS ! MALE
IS N EV5 HALF Z L>GE4 ,Z 9 _M K9DS (
FI%ES ! MALES HABITU,Y FI<T TGR1 X IS
SURPRIS+ T !Y H N G5],Y 2COME L>G] &
/R;G] ?AN ! FEMALES "? ! E6ECTS ( SEXUAL
SELEC;N4 ,! MALES SU6] F _! SMALL SIZE1
= AC TO ;,M4 ,C>BONNI]1 !Y >E LIA# 6BE
DEV\R$ 0! FEMALES ( _! [N SPECIES :5
C>NIVOR\S1 & NO D\BT 0O!R SPECIES4
,9CR1S$ SIZE M/ 2 9 "S MANN] ( M
IMPORT.E 6! FEMALES1 ?AN /R5G? & SIZE >E
6! MALES = FI<T+ ) O!R MALES2 & ? P]H IS
6ALL[ (! PRODUC;N (A VA/ NUMB] ( OVA4
      --,Z QUOT$ 9 ! ,F>M]1 #AHFH1 P4
    #CFI4
      ,9 _M SPECIES ! MALE AL"O IS
    ORNA;T$ ) B"R COL\RS2 OR ^! >E M*
    B"R] 9 ! MALE ?AN ! FEMALE4 ,! MALE1
    AL1 IS "S"TS PROVID$ ) APP5DAGES :
    APPE> 6BE ( NO M USE 6HM =! ORD9>Y
    PURPOSES ( LIFE1 ?AN >E ! TAIL F1!RS
    6! P1COCK4 ,I AM 9DEBT$ = MO/ (!
    FOLL[+ FACTS 6! K9D;S ( ,DR4 ,GUN!R4
    ,"! IS R1SON 6SUSPECT T _M TROPICAL
    FI%ES DI6] SEXU,Y 9 COL\R &
    /RUCTURE2 & "! >E "S /RIK+ CASES )
    \R ,BRITI% FI%ES4 ,! MALE
    ,CALLIONYMUS LYRA HAS BE5 CALL$ !
    GEMME\S DRAGONET 8F XS BRILLIANT
    GEM-L COL\RS40 ,:5 FRE% CAU<T F !
    SEA ! BODY IS YELL[ ( V>I\S %ADES1
    /RIP$ & SPOTT$ ) VIVID BLUE ON !
    H1D2 ! DORSAL F9S >E PALE BR[N ) D>K
    L;GITUD9AL B&S2 ! V5TRAL1 CAUDAL1 &
    ANAL F9S 2+ BLUI%-BLACK4 ,! FEMALE1
    OR SORDID DRAGONET1 0 3SID]$
    0,L9NAEUS1 & 0_M SUBSEQU5T
    NATURALI/S1 Z A 4T9CT SPECIES2 X IS
    (A D+Y R$DI%-BR[N1 )! DORSAL F9 BR[N
    &! O!R F9S :ITE4 ,! SEXES DI6] AL 9
    ! PROPOR;NAL SIZE (! H1D & M\?1 & 9
    ! POSI;N (! EYES2 99 B ! MO/ /RIK+
    DI6];E IS ! EXTRAORD9>Y EL;G,N 9 !
    MALE 7SEE FIG4 #BI7 (! DORSAL F94
    ,MR4 ,W4 ,SAVILLE ,K5T REM>KS T ?
    8S+UL> APP5DAGE APPE>S F MY OBS]V,NS
    (! SPECIES 9 3F9E;T1 6BE SUBS]VI5T
    6! SAME 5D Z ! WATTLES1 CRE/S1 & O!R
    ABNORMAL ADJUNCTS (! MALE 9
    GALL9ACE\S BIRDS1 =! PURPOSE (
    FASC9AT+ _! MATES48 997#B7 ,! "Y
    MALES RESEM# ! ADULT FEMALES 9
    /RUCTURE & COL\R4 ,"?\T ! G5US
    ,CALLIONYMUS1 99 7#C7 ! MALE IS
    G5],Y M* M B"RLY SPOTT$ ?AN !
    FEMALE1 & 9 S"EAL SPECIES1 N ONLY !
    DORSAL1 B ! ANAL F9 IS M* EL;GAT$ 9
    ! MALES4
      --,I H DRAWN UP ? DESCRIP;N F
    ,Y>RELL'S ,BRITI% ,FI%ES1 VOL4 I41
    #AHCF1 PP4 #BFA & #BFF4
      997#B7 ,NATURE1 ,JULY1 #AHGC1 P4
    #BFD4
      997#C7 ,CATALOGUE ( ,ACAN?4 ,FI%ES
    9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM1 0,DR4 ,GUN!R1
    #AHFA1 PP4 #ACH-AEA4
  ,! MALE (! ,COTTUS SCORPIUS1 OR SEA-
S]P5T1 IS SL5D]] & SMALL] ?AN ! FEMALE4
,"! IS AL A GRT DI6];E 9 COL\R 2T !M4 ,X
IS DI6ICULT1 Z ,MR4 ,LLOYD 99 REM>KS1 8=
ANY "O1 :O HAS N SE5 ? FI% DUR+ !
SPAWN+-S1SON1 :5 XS HUES >E B"RE/1 63CV
! ADMIXTURE ( BRILLIANT COL\RS ) : X1 9
O!R RESPECTS S ILL-FAV\R$1 IS AT T "T
ADORN$4 ,BO? SEXES (! ,LABRUS MIXTUS1
AL? V DI6]5T 9 COL\R1 >E B1UTI;L2 ! MALE
2+ ORANGE ) B"R BLUE /RIPES1 &! FEMALE
B"R R$ ) "S BLACK SPOTS ON ! BACK4
      --,GAME ,BIRDS ( ,SW$51 &C41
    #AHFG1 P4 #DFF4
  ,9 ! V 4T9CT FAMILY (!
,CYPR9ODONTIDAE- 9HABITANTS (! FRE%
WAT]S ( =EIGN L&S- ! SEXES "S"TS DI6] M*
9 V>I\S "*S4 ,9 ! MALE (! ,MOLLI5ESIA
PET55SIS1 99 ! DORSAL F9 IS GRTLY
DEVELOP$ & IS M>K$ )A R[ ( L>GE1 R.D1
OCELLAT$1 B"R-COL\R$ SPOTS2 :IL/ ! SAME
F9 9 ! FEMALE IS SMALL]1 (A DI6]5T %APE1
& M>K$ ONLY ) IRREGUL>LY CURV$ BR[N
SPOTS4 ,9 ! MALE ! BASAL M>G9 (! ANAL F9
IS AL A LL PRODUC$ & D>K COL\R$4 ,9 !
MALE ( AN ALLI$ =M1 ! ,XIPHOPHORUS
,HELL]II 7SEE FIG4 #CJ71 ! 9F]IOR M>G9 (
! CAUDAL F9 IS DEVELOP$ 96A L;G FILA;T1
:1 Z ,I HE> F ,DR4 ,GUN!R1 IS /RIP$ )
B"R COL\RS4 ,? FILA;T DOES N 3TA9 ANY
MUSCLES1 & APP>5TLY _C 2 ( ANY DIRECT
USE 6! FI%4 ,Z 9 ! CASE (! ,CALLIONYMUS1
! MALES :IL/ "Y RESEM# ! ADULT FEMALES 9
COL\R & /RUCTURE4 ,SEXUAL DI6];ES S* Z
^! MAY 2 /RICTLY -P>$ ) ^? : >E S
FREQU5T ) GALL9ACE\S BIRDS4 99 7#B7
      --,) RESPECT 6? &! FOLL[+ SPECIES
    ,I AM 9DEBT$ 6,DR4 ,GUN!R = 9=M,N3
    SEE AL 8 PAP] ON ! 8,FI%ES ( ,C5TRAL
    ,AM]ICA10 9 ,TRANSACT4 ,ZOOLOGICAL
    ,SOC41 VOL4 ;VI41 #AHFH1 P4 #DHE4
      997#B7 ,DR4 ,GUN!R MAKES ? REM>K1
    ,CATALOGUE ( ,FI%ES 9 ! ,BRITI%
    ,MUSEUM1 VOL4 ;III41 #AHFA1 P4 #ADA4
  ,9 A SILUROID FI%1 9HABIT+ ! FRE%
WAT]S ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 ! ,PLECO/OMUS
B>BATUS 99 7SEE FIG4 #CA71 ! MALE HAS XS
M\? & 9T]OP]CULUM FR+$ )A BE>D ( /IFF
HAIRS1 ( : ! FEMALE %[S H>DLY A TRACE4
,^! HAIRS >E (! NATURE ( SCALES4 ,9
ANO!R SPECIES (! SAME G5US1 S(T FLEXI#
T5TACLES PROJECT F ! FRONT "P (! H1D (!
MALE1 : >E ABS5T 9 ! FEMALE4 ,^!
T5TACLES >E PROL;G,NS (! TRUE SK91 &
"!=E >E N HOMOLOG\S )! /IFF HAIRS (! =M]
SPECIES2 B X C H>DLY 2 D\BT$ T BO? S]VE
! SAME PURPOSE4 ,:AT ? PURPOSE MAY BE1
IS DI6ICULT 63JECTURE2 ORNA;T DOES N "H
SEEM PROBA#1 B WE C H>DLY SUPPOSE T /IFF
HAIRS & FLEXI# FILA;TS C 2 USE;L 9 ANY
ORD9>Y WAY 6! MALES AL"O4 ,9 T /RANGE
MON/]1 ! ,*IMAERA MON/ROSA1 ! MALE HAS A
HOOK-%AP$ B"O ON ! TOP (! H1D1 DIRECT$
=W>DS1 ) XS 5D R.D$ & COV]$ ) %>P SP9ES2
9 ! FEMALE 8? CR[N IS ALT ABS5T10 B :AT
XS USE MAY 2 6! MALE IS UTT]LY UN"KN4 99
7#B7
      --,SEE ,DR4 ,GUN!R ON ? G5US1 9
    ,PROCE$+S (! ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1
    #AHFH1 P4 #BCB4
      997#B7 ,F4 ,BUCKL&1 9 ,L& & ,WAT]1
    ,JULY1 #AHFH1 P4 #CGG1 )A FIGURE4
    ,_M O!R CASES CD 2 A4$ ( /RUCTURES
    PECULI> 6! MALE1 ( : ! USES >E N
    "KN4
  ,! /RUCTURES Z YET REF]R$ 6>E P]MAN5T
9 ! MALE AF HE HAS >RIV$ AT MATUR;Y2 B )
"S BL5NIES1 & 9 ANO!R ALLI$ G5US1 99 A
CRE/ IS DEVELOP$ ON ! H1D (! MALE ONLY
DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 &! BODY AT ! SAME "T
2COMES M B"RLY-COL\R$4 ,"! C 2 LL D\BT T
? CRE/ S]VES Z A TEMPOR>Y SEXUAL ORNA;T1
=! FEMALE DOES N EXHIBIT A TRACE ( X4 ,9
O!R SPECIES (! SAME G5US BO? SEXES
POSSESS A CRE/1 & 9 AT L1/ "O SPECIES
NEI SEX IS ?US PROVID$4 ,9 _M (!
,*ROMIDAE1 = 9/.E 9 ,GEOPHAGUS &
ESPECI,Y 9 ,CI*LA1 ! MALES1 Z ,I HE> F
,PROFESSOR ,AGASSIZ1 99 7#B7 H A
3SPICU\S PROTUB].E ON ! =EH1D1 : IS
:OLLY WANT+ 9 ! FEMALES & 9 ! "Y MALES4
,PROFESSOR ,AGASSIZ A4S1 8,I H (T5
OBS]V$ ^! FI%ES AT ! "T ( SPAWN+ :5 !
PROTUB].E IS L>GE/1 & AT O!R S1SONS :5 X
IS TOT,Y WANT+1 &! TWO SEXES %EW NO
DI6];E :AT"E 9 ! \TL9E (! PROFILE (!
H1D4 ,I N"E CD ASC]TA9 T X SUBS]VES ANY
SPECIAL FUNC;N1 &! ,9DIANS ON ! ,AMAZON
"K NO?+ AB XS USE40 ,^! PROTUB].ES
RESEM#1 9 _! P]IODICAL APPE>.E1 ! FLE%Y
C>BUNCLES ON ! H1DS ( C]TA9 BIRDS2 B
:E!R !Y S]VE Z ORNA;TS M/ REMA9 AT
PRES5T D\BT;L4
      --,DR4 ,GUN!R1 ,CATALOGUE (
    ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;III41 PP4 #BBA & #BDJ4
      997#B7 ,SEE AL ,A ,J\RNEY 9
    ,BRAZIL1 0,PR(4 & ,MRS4 ,AGASSIZ1
    #AHFH1 P4 #BBJ4
  ,I HE> F ,PROFESSOR ,AGASSIZ & ,DR4
,GUN!R1 T ! MALES ( ^? FI%ES1 : DI6]
P]MAN5TLY 9 COL\R F ! FEMALES1 (T5 2COME
M BRILLIANT DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON4 ,? IS
LIKEWISE ! CASE )A MULTITUDE ( FI%ES1 !
SEXES ( : >E ID5TICAL 9 COL\R AT ALL O!R
S1SONS (! YE>4 ,! T5*1 ROA*1 & P]* MAY 2
GIV5 Z 9/.ES4 ,! MALE SALMON AT ? S1SON
IS M>K$ ON ! *EEKS ) ORANGE-COL\R$
/RIPES1 : GIVE X ! APPE>.E (A ,LABRUS1 &
! BODY P>TAKES (A GOLD5 ORANGE T+E4 ,!
FEMALES >E D>K 9 COL\R1 & >E -MONLY
CALL$ BLACK-FI%48 99 ,AN ANALOG\S & EV5
GRT] *ANGE TAKES PLACE )! ,SALMO ]IOX OR
BULL TR\T2 ! MALES (! *> 7,S4 UMBLA7 >E
LIKEWISE AT ? S1SON R B"R] 9 COL\R ?AN !
FEMALES4 99 7#B7 ,! COL\RS (! PIKE
7,ESOX RETICULATUS7 (! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1
ESPECI,Y (! MALE1 2COME1 DUR+ ! BRE$+-
S1SON1 EXCE$+LY 9T5SE1 BRILLIANT1 &
IRIDESC5T4 99 7#C7 ,ANO!R /RIK+ 9/.E \ (
_M IS AF=D$ 0! MALE /ICKLEBACK
7,GA/]O/EUS LEIURUS71 : IS DESCRIB$
0,MR4 ,W>+TON1 99 7#D7 Z 2+ !N 8B1UTI;L
2Y DESCRIP;N40 ,! BACK & EYES (! FEMALE
>E SIMPLY BR[N &! BELLY :ITE4 ,! EYES (!
MALE1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E 8(! MO/ SPL5DID
GRE51 HAV+ A METALLIC LU/RE L ! GRE5
F1!RS ( "S HUMM+-BIRDS4 ,! ?ROAT & BELLY
>E (A B"R CRIMSON1 ! BACK ( AN A%Y-GRE51
&! :OLE FI% APPE>S Z ?\< X 7 "S:AT
TRANSLUC5T & GL[$ ) AN 9T]NAL 9C&ESC;E40
,AF ! BRE$+-S1SON ^! COL\RS ALL *ANGE1 !
?ROAT & BELLY 2COME (A PAL] R$1 ! BACK M
GRE51 &! GL[+ T9TS SUBSIDE4
      --,Y>RELL1 ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI%
    ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHCF1 PP4 #AJ1
    #AB1 #CE4
      997#B7 ,W4 ,?OMPSON1 9 ,ANNALS &
    ,MAGAZ9E ( ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY1 VOL4
    ;VI41 #AHDA1 P4 #DDJ4
      997#C7 ,! ,AM]ICAN
    ,AGRICULTURALI/1 #AHFH1 P4 #AJJ4
      997#D7 ,ANNALS & ,MAG4 ( ,NAT4
    ,HI/41 ,OCT41 #AHEB4
  ,) RESPECT 6! C\RT%IP ( FI%ES1 O!R
CASES H BE5 OBS]V$ S9CE ! F/ EDI;N ( ?
BOOK APPE>$1 2SS T ALR GIV5 (!
/ICKLEBACK4 ,MR4 ,W4 ,S4 ,K5T SAYS T !
MALE (! ,LABRUS MIXTUS1 :1 Z WE H SE51
DI6]S 9 COL\R F ! FEMALE1 MAKES 8A DEEP
HOLL[ 9 ! S& (! TANK1 & !N 5D1V\RS 9 !
MO/ P]SUASIVE MANN] 69DUCE A FEMALE (!
SAME SPECIES 6%>E X ) HM1 SWIMM+
BACKW>DS & =W>DS 2T H] &! -PLET$ NE/1 &
PLA9LY EXHIBIT+ ! GRTE/ ANXIETY = H]
6FOLL[40 ,! MALES ( ,CAN?>US L91TUS
2COME1 DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON1 ( DEEP L1D5-
BLACK2 !Y !N RETIRE F ! %OAL1 & EXCAVATE
A HOLL[ Z A NE/4 8,EA* MALE N[ M.TS
VIGILANT GU>D OV] 8 RESPECTIVE HOLL[1 &
VIGOR\SLY ATTACKS & DRIVES AWAY ANY O!R
FI% (! SAME SEX4 ,T[>DS 8 -PANIONS (!
OPPOSITE SEX 8 3DUCT IS F> DI6]5T2 _M (!
LATT] >E N[ 4T5D$ ) SPAWN1 & ^! HE
5D1V\RS 0ALL ! M1NS 9 8 P[] 6LURE S+LY
6HIS PREP>$ HOLL[1 & "! 6DEPOSIT !
MYRIAD OVA ) : !Y >E LAD51 : HE !N
PROTECTS & GU>DS )! GRTE/ C>E48 99
      --,NATURE1 ,MAY1 #AHGC1 P4 #BE4
  ,A M /RIK+ CASE ( C\RT%IP1 Z WELL Z (
4PLAY1 0! MALES (A ,*9ESE ,MACROPUS HAS
BE5 GIV5 BY ;,M4 ,C>BONNI]1 :O C>E;LLY
OBS]V$ ^! FI%ES "U 3F9E;T4 99 ,! MALES
>E MO/ B1UTI;LLY COL\R$1 M S ?AN !
FEMALES4 ,DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON !Y 3T5D =!
POSSES.N (! FEMALES2 &1 9 ! ACT (
C\RT%IP1 EXP& _! F9S1 : >E SPOTT$ &
ORNA;T$ ) B"RLY COL\R$ RAYS1 9 ! SAME
MANN]1 AC TO ;,M4 ,C>BONNI]1 Z ! P1COCK4
,!Y !N AL B.D AB ! FEMALES ) M* VIVAC;Y1
& APPE> BY 8L'ETALAGE DE LEURS VIVES
C\LEURS *]*] A ATTIR] L'ATT5;N DES
FEMELLES1 LESQUELLES NE P>AISSAI5T
9DI6]5TES A CE MANEGE1 ELLES NAG1I5T
AVEC UNE MOLLE L5TEUR V]S LES MALES ET
SEMBLAI5T SE -PLAIRE DANS LEUR
VOIS9AGE40 ,AF ! MALE HAS WON 8 BRIDE1
HE MAKES A LL DISC ( FRO? 0BL[+ AIR &
MUCUS \ ( 8 M\?4 ,HE !N COLLECTS !
F]TILIS$ OVA1 DROPP$ 0! FEMALE1 9 8 M\?2
& ? CAUS$ ,M4 ,C>BONNI] M* AL>M1 Z HE
?"\ T !Y 7 GO+ 6BE DEV\R$4 ,B ! MALE
SOON DEPOSITS !M 9 ! DISC ( FRO?1 AFWS
GU>D+ !M1 REPAIR+ ! FRO?1 & TAK+ C>E (!
"Y :5 HAT*$4 ,I M5;N ^! "PICUL>S 2C1 Z
WE % PRES5TLY SEE1 "! >E FI%ES1 ! MALES
( : HAT* _! E7S 9 _! M\?S2 & ^? :O D N
2LIEVE 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( GRADUAL EVOLU;N
MI<T ASK H[ CD S* A HABIT H ORIG9AT$2 B
! DI6ICULTY IS M* DIM9I%$ :5 WE "K T "!
>E FI%ES : ?US COLLECT & C>RY ! E7S2 =
IF DELAY$ 0ANY CAUSE 9 DEPOSIT+ !M1 !
HABIT ( HAT*+ !M 9 _! M\?S MI<T H BE5
ACQUIR$4
      --,BULLET9 DE LA ,SOCIETE
    D',A3LIM,N1 ,P>IS1 ,JULY1 #AHFI1 &
    ,JAN41 #AHGJ4
  ,6RETURN 6\R M IMM SUBJECT4 ,! CASE
/&S ?US3 FEMALE FI%ES1 Z F> Z ,I C LE>N1
N"E WILL+LY SPAWN EXCEPT 9 ! PRES;E (!
MALES2 &! MALES N"E F]TILISE ! OVA
EXCEPT 9 ! PRES;E (! FEMALES4 ,! MALES
FI<T =! POSSES.N (! FEMALES4 ,9 _M
SPECIES1 ! MALES :IL/ "Y RESEM# !
FEMALES 9 COL\R2 B :5 ADULT 2COME M* M
BRILLIANT1 & RETA9 _! COL\RS "?\T LIFE4
,9 O!R SPECIES ! MALES 2COME B"R] ?AN !
FEMALES & O!RWISE M HI<LY ORNA;T$1 ONLY
DUR+ ! S1SON ( LOVE4 ,! MALES S$UL\SLY
C\RT ! FEMALES1 & 9 "O CASE1 Z WE H SE51
TAKE PA9S 9 4PLAY+ _! B1UTY 2F !M4 ,C X
2 2LIEV$ T !Y WD ?US ACT 6NO PURPOSE
DUR+ _! C\RT%IP8 ,& ? WD 2 ! CASE1 UN.S
! FEMALES EX]T "S *OICE & SELECT ^?
MALES : PL1SE OR EXCITE !M MO/4 ,IF !
FEMALE EX]TS S* *OICE1 ALL ! ABV FACTS
ON ! ORNA;T,N (! MALES 2COME AT ONCE
9TELLIGI# 0! AID ( SEXUAL SELEC;N4
  ,WE H NEXT 69QUIRE :E!R ? VIEW (! B"R
COL\RS ( C]TA9 MALE FI%ES HAV+ BE5
ACQUIR$ "? SEXUAL SELEC;N C1 "? ! LAW (!
EQUAL TRANSMIS.N ( "*S 6BO? SEXES1 2
EXT5D$ 6^? GR\PS 9 : ! MALES & FEMALES
>E BRILLIANT 9 ! SAME1 OR NE>LY ! SAME
DEGREE & MANN]4 ,9 S* A G5US Z ,LABRUS1
: 9CLUDES "S (! MO/ SPL5DID FI%ES 9 !
_W- = 9/.E1 ! P1COCK ,LABRUS 7,L4 PAVO71
DESCRIB$1 99 ) P>DONA# EXA7],N1 Z =M$ (
POLI%$ SCALES ( GOLD1 5CRU/+ LAPIS-
LAZULI1 RUBIES1 SAPPHIRES1 EM]ALDS1 &
AME?Y/S- WE MAY1 ) M* PROBABIL;Y1 A3EPT
? 2LIEF2 = WE H SE5 T ! SEXES 9 AT L1/
"O SPECIES (! G5US DI6] GRTLY 9 COL\R4
,) "S FI%ES1 Z ) _M (! L[E/ ANIMALS1
SPL5DID COL\RS MAY 2 ! DIRECT RESULT (!
NATURE ( _! TISSUES &(! SURR.D+ 3DI;NS1
)\T ! AID ( SELEC;N ( ANY K9D4 ,! GOLD-
FI% 7,CYPR9US AURATUS71 JUDG+ F !
ANALOGY (! GOLD5 V>IETY (! -MON C>P1 IS
P]H A CASE 9 PO9T1 Z X MAY [E XS SPL5DID
COL\RS 6A S+LE ABRUPT V>I,N1 DUE 6!
3DI;NS 6: ? FI% HAS BE5 SUBJECT$ "U
3F9E;T4 ,X IS1 H["E1 M PROBA# T ^!
COL\RS H BE5 9T5SIFI$ "? >TIFICIAL
SELEC;N1 Z ? SPECIES HAS BE5 C>E;LLY BR$
9 ,*9A F A REMOTE P]IOD4 99 7#B7 ,"U
NATURAL 3DI;NS X DOES N SEEM PROBA# T
2+S S HI<LY ORGANIS$ Z FI%ES1 & : LIVE
"U S* -PLEX REL,NS1 %D 2COME BRILLIANTLY
COL\R$ )\T SU6]+ "S EVIL OR RCVG "S
B5EFIT F S GRT A *ANGE1 & 3SEQU5TLY )\T
! 9T]V5;N ( NATURAL SELEC;N4
      --,BORY DE ,SA9T ,V9C5T1 9 ,DICT4
    ,CLASS4 D',HI/4 ,NAT41 TOM4 ;IX41
    #AHBF1 P4 #AEA4
      997#B7 ,[+ 6"S REM>KS ON ?
    SUBJECT1 MADE 9 MY "W ,ON ! ,V>I,N (
    ,ANIMALS "U ,DOME/IC,N1 ,MR4 ,W4 ,F4
    ,MAY]S 7,*9ESE ,NOTES & ,QU]IES1
    ,AUG41 #AHFH1 P4 #ABC7 HAS SE>*$ !
    ANCI5T ,*9ESE 5CYCLOP$IAS4 ,HE F9DS
    T GOLD-FI% 7 F/ RE>$ 9 3F9E;T DUR+ !
    ,SUNG ,DYNA/Y1 : -M;ED ,A4,D4 #IFJ4
    ,9 ! YE> #AABI ^! FI%ES AB.D$4 ,9
    ANO!R PLACE X IS SD T S9CE ! YE>
    #AEDH "! HAS BE5 8PRODUC$ AT ,HANG*[
    A V>IETY CALL$ ! FIRE-FI%1 F XS
    9T5SELY R$ COL\R4 ,X IS UNIV]S,Y
    ADMIR$1 & "! IS N A H\SEHOLD ": X IS
    N CULTIVAT$1 9 RIVALRY Z 6XS COL\R1
    & Z A S\RCE ( PR(IT40
      ,:AT1 !N1 >E WE 63CLUDE 9 REG>D 6!
    _M FI%ES1 BO? SEXES ( : >E SPL5DIDLY
    COL\R$8 ,MR4 ,WALLACE 99 2LIEVES T !
    SPECIES : FREQU5T REEFS1 ": CORALS &
    O!R B"RLY-COL\R$ ORGANISMS AB.D1 >E
    B"RLY COL\R$ 9 ORD] 6ESCAPE DETEC;N
    0_! 5EMIES2 B AC 6MY RECOLLEC;N !Y 7
    ?US R5D]$ HI<LY 3SPICU\S4 ,9 ! FRE%-
    WAT]S (! TROPICS "! >E NO
    BRILLIANTLY-COL\R$ CORALS OR O!R
    ORGANISMS =! FI%ES 6RESEM#2 YET _M
    SPECIES 9 ! ,AMAZONS >E B1UTI;LLY
    COL\R$1 & _M (! C>NIVOR\S ,CYPR9IDAE
    9 ,9DIA >E ORNA;T$ ) 8B"R L;GITUD9AL
    L9ES ( V>I\S T9TS48 997#B7 ,MR4
    ,M',CLELL&1 9 DESCRIB+ ^! FI%ES1
    GOES S F> Z 6SUPPOSE T 8! PECULI>
    BRILLIANCY ( _! COL\RS0 S]VES Z 8A
    BETT] M>K = K+-FI%]S1 T]NS1 & O!R
    BIRDS : >E DE/9$ 6KEEP ! NUMB] ( ^!
    FI%ES 9 *ECK02 B AT ! PRES5T "D FEW
    NATURALI/S W ADMIT T ANY ANIMAL HAS
    BE5 MADE 3SPICU\S Z AN AID 6XS [N
    DE/RUC;N4 ,X IS POSSI# T C]TA9 FI%ES
    MAY H BE5 R5D]$ 3SPICU\S 9 ORD] 6W>N
    BIRDS & B1/S ( PREY T !Y 7
    UNPALATA#1 Z EXPLA9$ :5 TR1T+ (
    CAT]PILL>S2 B X IS N1 ,I 2LIEVE1 "KN
    T ANY FI%1 AT L1/ ANY FRE%-WAT] FI%1
    IS REJECT$ F 2+ 4TA/E;L 6FI%-DEV\R+
    ANIMALS4 ,ON ! :OLE1 ! MO/ PROBA#
    VIEW 9 REG>D 6! FI%ES1 ( : BO? SEXES
    >E BRILLIANTLY COL\R$1 IS T _!
    COL\RS 7 ACQUIR$ 0! MALES Z A SEXUAL
    ORNA;T1 & 7 TRANSF]R$ EQU,Y1 OR
    NE>LY S1 6! O!R SEX4
      --,WE/M9/] ,REVIEW1 ,JULY1 #AHFG1
    P4 #G4
      997#B7 8,9DIAN ,CYPR9IDAE10 0,MR4
    ,M',CLELL&1 ,ASIATIC ,RESE>*ES1 VOL4
    ;XIX41 "P ;II41 #AHCI1 P4 #BCJ4
  ,WE H N[ 63SID] :E!R1 :5 ! MALE DI6]S
9 A M>K$ MANN] F ! FEMALE 9 COL\R OR 9
O!R ORNA;TS1 HE AL"O HAS BE5 MODIFI$1 !
V>I,NS 2+ 9H]IT$ 0HIS MALE (FSPR+ AL"O2
OR :E!R ! FEMALE HAS BE5 SPECI,Y MODIFI$
& R5D]$ 9CONSPICU\S =! SAKE ( PROTEC;N1
S* MODIFIC,NS 2+ 9H]IT$ ONLY 0! FEMALES4
,X IS IMPOSSI# 6D\BT T COL\R HAS BE5
GA9$ 0_M FI%ES Z A PROTEC;N3 NO "O C
EXAM9E ! SPECKL$ UPP] SURFACE (A FL.D]1
& OV]LOOK XS RESEMBL.E 6! S&Y B$ (! SEA
ON : X LIVES4 ,C]TA9 FI%ES1 MOREOV]1 C
"? ! AC;N (! N]V\S SY/EM *ANGE _! COL\RS
9 ADAPT,N 6SURR.D+ OBJECTS1 & T )9 A
%ORT "T4 99 ,"O (! MO/ /RIK+ 9/.ES "E
RECORD$ ( AN ANIMAL 2+ PROTECT$ 0XS
COL\R 7Z F> Z X C 2 JUDG$ ( 9 PRES]V$
SPECIM5S71 Z WELL Z 0XS =M1 IS T GIV5
0,DR4 ,GUN!R 99 7#B7 (A PIPE-FI%1 :1 )
XS R$DI% /R1M+ FILA;TS1 IS H>DLY
4T+UI%A# F ! SEA-WE$ 6: X CL+S ) XS
PREH5SILE TAIL4 ,B ! "Q N[ "U 3SID],N IS
:E!R ! FEMALES AL"O H BE5 MODIFI$ = ?
OBJECT4 ,WE C SEE T "O SEX W N 2 MODIFI$
"? NATURAL SELEC;N =! SAKE ( PROTEC;N M
?AN ! O!R1 SUPPOS+ BO? 6V>Y1 UN.S "O SEX
IS EXPOS$ =A L;G] P]IOD 6DANG]1 OR HAS
LESS P[] ( ESCAP+ F S* DANG] ?AN ! O!R2
& X DOES N APPE> T ) FI%ES ! SEXES DI6]
9 ^! RESPECTS4 ,Z F> Z "! IS ANY DI6];E1
! MALES1 F 2+ G5],Y SMALL] & F W&]+ M
AB1 >E EXPOS$ 6GRT] DANG] ?AN ! FEMALES2
& YET1 :5 ! SEXES DI6]1 ! MALES >E ALM
ALW ! M 3SPICU\SLY COL\R$4 ,! OVA >E
F]TILIS$ IMMLY AF 2+ DEPOSIT$2 & :5 ?
PROCESS LA/S = S"EAL "DS1 Z 9 ! CASE (!
SALMON1 99 7#C7 ! FEMALE1 DUR+ ! :OLE
"T1 IS ATT5D$ 0! MALE4 ,AF ! OVA >E
F]TILIS$ !Y >E1 9 MO/ CASES1 LEFT
UNPROTECT$ 0BO? P>5TS1 S T ! MALES &
FEMALES1 Z F> Z OVIPOSI;N IS 3C]N$1 >E
EQU,Y EXPOS$ 6DANG]1 & BO? >E EQU,Y
IMPORTANT =! PRODUC;N ( F]TILE OVA2
3SEQU5TLY ! M OR LESS B"RLY-COL\R$
9DIVIDUALS ( EI SEX WD 2 EQU,Y LIA# 6BE
DE/ROY$ OR PRES]V$1 & BO? WD H AN EQUAL
9FLU;E ON ! COL\RS ( _! (FSPR+4
      --,G4 ,P\*ET1 ,L',9/ITUT41 ,NOV4
    #A1 #AHGA1 P4 #ACD4
      997#B7 ,PROC4 ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41
    #AHFE1 P4 #CBG1 PLS4 ;XIV4 & ;XV4
      997#C7 ,Y>RELL1 ,BRITI% ,FI%ES1
    VOL4 ;II41 P4 #AA4
  ,C]TA9 FI%ES 2L;G+ 6S"EAL FAMILIES1
MAKE NE/S1 & "S ( !M TAKE C>E ( _! "Y :5
HAT*$4 ,BO? SEXES (! B"R-COL\R$
,CR5ILABRUS MASSA & MELOPS "W TGR 9
BUILD+ _! NE/S ) S1WE$1 %ELLS1 &C4 99 ,B
! MALES ( C]TA9 FI%ES D ALL ! "W1 & AFW
TAKE EXCLUSIVE *>GE (! "Y4 ,? IS ! CASE
)! DULL-COL\R$ GOBIES1 99 7#B7 9 : !
SEXES >E N "KN 6DI6] 9 COL\R1 & LIKEWISE
)! /ICKLEBACKS 7,GA/]O/EUS71 9 : ! MALES
2COME BRILLIANTLY COL\R$ DUR+ ! SPAWN+
S1SON4 ,! MALE (! SMOO?-TAIL$ /ICKLEBACK
7,G4 LEIURUS7 P]=MS ! DUTIES (A NURSE )
EXEMPL>Y C>E & VIGIL.E DUR+ A L;G "T1 &
IS 3T9U,Y EMPLOY$ 9 G5TLY L1D+ BACK ! "Y
6! NE/1 :5 !Y /RAY TOO F>4 ,HE
C\RAGE\SLY DRIVES AWAY ALL 5EMIES 9CLUD+
! FEMALES ( 8 [N SPECIES4 ,X WD 9DE$ 2
NO SMALL RELIEF 6! MALE1 IF ! FEMALE1 AF
DEPOSIT+ H] E7S1 7 IMMLY DEV\R$ 0"S
5EMY1 = HE IS =C$ 9CESSANTLY 6DRIVE H] F
! NE/4 99 7#C7
      --,AC 6! OBS]V,NS ( ,M4 ,G]BE2 SEE
    ,GUN!R'S ,RECORD ( ,ZOOLOG4
    ,LIT]ATURE1 #AHFE1 P4 #AID4
      997#B7 ,CUVI]1 ,REGNE ,ANIMAL1
    VOL4 ;II41 #AHBI1 P4 #BDB4
      997#C7 ,SEE ,MR4 ,W>+TON'S MO/
    9T]E/+ DESCRIP;N (! HABITS (!
    ,GA/]O/EUS LEIURUS 9 ,ANNALS &
    ,MAGAZ9E ( ,NAT4 ,HI/ORY1 ,NOVEMB]1
    #AHEE4
  ,! MALES ( C]TA9 O!R FI%ES 9HABIT+
,S\? ,AM]ICA & ,CEYLON1 2L;G+ 6TWO 4T9CT
,ORD]S1 H ! EXTRAORD9>Y HABIT ( HAT*+ )9
_! M\?S1 OR BRAN*IAL CAVITIES1 ! E7S
LAID 0! FEMALES4 99 ,I AM 9=M$
0,PROFESSOR ,AGASSIZ T ! MALES (!
,AMAZONIAN SPECIES : FOLL[ ? HABIT1 8N
ONLY >E G5],Y B"R] ?AN ! FEMALES1 B !
DI6];E IS GRT] AT ! SPAWN+-S1SON ?AN AT
ANY O!R "T40 ,! SPECIES ( ,GEOPHAGUS ACT
9 ! SAME MANN]2 & 9 ? G5US1 A 3SPICU\S
PROTUB].E 2COMES DEVELOP$ ON ! =EH1D (!
MALES DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON4 ,)! V>I\S
SPECIES ( *ROMIDS1 Z ,PROFESSOR ,AGASSIZ
LIKEWISE 9=MS ME1 SEXUAL DI6];ES 9 COL\R
MAY 2 OBS]V$1 8:E!R !Y LAY _! E7S 9 !
WAT] AM;G AQUATIC PLANTS1 OR DEPOSIT !M
9 HOLES1 L1V+ !M 6-E \ )\T FUR!R C>E1 OR
BUILD %ALL[ NE/S 9 ! RIV] MUD1 OV] : !Y
SIT1 Z \R ,POMOTIS DOES4 ,X "\ AL 6BE
OBS]V$ T ^! SITT]S >E AM;G ! B"RE/
SPECIES 9 _! RESPECTIVE FAMILIES2 =
9/.E1 ,HYGROGONUS IS B"R GRE51 ) L>GE
BLACK OCELLI1 5CIRCL$ )! MO/ BRILLIANT
R$40 ,:E!R ) ALL ! SPECIES ( *ROMIDS X
IS ! MALE AL"O : SITS ON ! E7S IS N "KN4
,X IS1 H["E1 MANIFE/ T ! FACT (! E7S 2+
PROTECT$ OR UNPROTECT$ 0! P>5TS1 HAS _H
LL OR NO 9FLU;E ON ! DI6];ES 9 COL\R 2T
! SEXES4 ,X IS FUR!R MANIFE/1 9 ALL !
CASES 9 : ! MALES TAKE EXCLUSIVE *>GE (!
NE/S & "Y1 T ! DE/RUC;N (! B"R]-COL\R$
MALES WD 2 F> M 9FLU5TIAL ON ! "* (!
RACE1 ?AN ! DE/RUC;N (! B"R]-COL\R$
FEMALES2 =! D1? (! MALE DUR+ ! P]IOD (
9CUB,N OR NURS+ WD 5TAIL ! D1? (! "Y1 S
T !Y CD N 9H]IT 8 PECULI>ITIES2 YET1 9
_M ( ^! V CASES ! MALES >E M 3SPICU\SLY
COL\R$ ?AN ! FEMALES4
      --,PR(4 ,WYMAN1 9 ,PROC4 ,BO/ON
    ,SOC4 ( ,NAT4 ,HI/41 ,SEPT4 #AE1
    #AHEG4 ,AL ,PR(4 ,TURN]1 9 ,J\RNAL (
    ,ANATOMY & ,PHYSIOLOGY1 ,NOV4 #A1
    #AHFF1 P4 #GH4 ,DR4 ,GUN!R HAS
    LIKEWISE DESCRIB$ O!R CASES4
  ,9 MO/ (! ,LOPHOBRAN*II 7PIPE-FI%1
,HIPPOCAMPI1 &C47 ! MALES H EI M>SUPIAL
SACKS OR HEMISPH]ICAL DEPRES.NS ON !
ABDOM51 9 : ! OVA LAID 0! FEMALE >E
HAT*$4 ,! MALES AL %EW GRT ATTA*;T 6_!
"Y4 99 ,! SEXES D N -MONLY DI6] M* 9
COL\R2 B ,DR4 ,GUN!R 2LIEVES T ! MALE
,HIPPOCAMPI >E R B"R] ?AN ! FEMALES4 ,!
G5US ,SOL5O/OMA1 H["E1 (F]S A CURI\S
EXCEP;NAL CASE1 99 7#B7 =! FEMALE IS M*
M VIVIDLY-COL\R$ & SPOTT$ ?AN ! MALE1 &
%E AL"O HAS A M>SUPIAL SACK & HAT*ES !
E7S2 S T ! FEMALE ( ,SOL5O/OMA DI6]S F
ALL ! O!R ,LOPHOBRAN*II 9 ? LATT]
RESPECT1 & F ALM ALL O!R FI%ES1 9 2+ M
B"RLY-COL\R$ ?AN ! MALE4 ,X IS IMPROBA#
T ? REM>KA# D\# 9V].N ( "* 9 ! FEMALE %D
2 AN A3ID5TAL CO9CID;E4 ,Z ! MALES (
S"EAL FI%ES1 : TAKE EXCLUSIVE *>GE (!
E7S & "Y1 >E M B"RLY COL\R$ ?AN !
FEMALES1 & Z "H ! FEMALE ,SOL5O/OMA
TAKES ! SAME *>GE & IS B"R] ?AN ! MALE1
X MI<T 2 >GU$ T ! 3SPICU\S COL\RS ( T
SEX : IS ! M IMPORTANT (! TWO =! WELF>E
(! (FSPR+1 M/ 2 9 "S MANN] PROTECTIVE4
,B F ! L>GE NUMB] ( FI%ES1 ( : ! MALES
>E EI P]MAN5TLY OR P]IODIC,Y B"R] ?AN !
FEMALES1 B ^: LIFE IS N AT ALL M
IMPORTANT =! WELF>E (! SPECIES ?AN T (!
FEMALE1 ? VIEW C H>DLY 2 MA9TA9$4 ,:5 WE
TR1T ( BIRDS WE % MEET ) ANALOG\S CASES1
": "! HAS BE5 A -PLETE 9V].N (! USUAL
ATTRIBUTES (! TWO SEXES1 & WE % !N GIVE
:AT APPE>S 6BE ! PROBA# EXPLAN,N1 "NLY1
T ! MALES H SELECT$ ! M ATTRACTIVE
FEMALES1 9/1D (! LATT] HAV+ SELECT$1 9
A3ORD.E )! USUAL RULE "?\T ! ANIMAL
K+DOM1 ! M ATTRACTIVE MALES4
      --,Y>RELL1 ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI%
    ,FI%ES1 VOL4 ;II41 #AHCF1 PP4 #CBI1
    #CCH4 997#B7 ,DR4 ,GUN!R1 S9CE
    PUBLI%+ AN A3.T ( ? SPECIES 9 ,!
    ,FI%ES ( ,ZANZIB>1 0,COL4 ,PLAYFAIR1
    #AHFF1 P4 #ACG1 HAS RE-EXAM9$ !
    SPECIM5S1 & HAS GIV5 ME ! ABV 9=M,N4
  ,ON ! :OLE WE MAY 3CLUDE1 T ) MO/
FI%ES1 9 : ! SEXES DI6] 9 COL\R OR 9 O!R
ORNA;TAL "*S1 ! MALES ORIG9,Y V>I$1 ) _!
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,?US ! >BOR1L ,ANOLIS CRI/ATELLUS ( ,S4
,AM]ICA IS EXTREMELY PUGNACI\S3 8,DUR+ !
SPR+ & E>LY "P (! SUMM]1 TWO ADULT MALES
R>ELY MEET )\T A 3TE/4 ,ON F/ SEE+ "O
ANO!R1 !Y NOD _! H1DS UP & D[N ?REE OR
F\R "TS1 & AT ! SAME "T EXP&+ ! FRILL OR
P\* 2N ! ?ROAT2 _! EYES GLI/5 ) RAGE1 &
AF WAV+ _! TAILS F SIDE 6SIDE =A FEW
SECONDS1 Z IF 6GA!R 5]GY1 !Y D>T AT EA*
O!R FURI\SLY1 ROLL+ OV] & OV]1 & HOLD+
FIRMLY ) _! TEE?4 ,! 3FLICT G5],Y 5DS 9
"O (! -BATANTS LOS+ 8 TAIL1 : IS (T5
DEV\R$ 0! VICTOR40 ,! MALE ( ? SPECIES
IS 3SID]ABLY L>G] ?AN ! FEMALE2 99 & ?1
Z F> Z ,DR4 ,GUN!R HAS BE5 A# 6ASC]TA91
IS ! G5]AL RULE ) LIZ>DS ( ALL K9DS4 ,!
MALE AL"O (! ,CYRTODACTYLUS RUBIDUS (!
,&AMAN ,ISL&S POSSESSES PRE-ANAL PORES2
& ^! PORES1 JUDG+ F ANALOGY1 PROBABLY
S]VE 6EMIT AN OD\R4 99 7#B7
      --,MR4 ,N4 ,L4 ,AU/5 KEPT ^!
    ANIMALS ALIVE =A 3SID]A# "T2 SEE ,L&
    & ,WAT]1 ,JULY1 #AHFG1 ,P4 #I4
      997#B7 ,/OLICZKA1 ,J\RNAL (!
    ,ASIATIC ,SOCIETY ( ,B5GAL1 VOL4
    ;XXXIV41 #AHGJ1 P4 #AFF4
  ,! SEXES (T5 DI6] GRTLY 9 V>I\S
EXT]NAL "*S4 ,! MALE (! ABV-M5;N$
,ANOLIS IS FURNI%$ )A CRE/ : RUNS AL;G !
BACK & TAIL1 & C 2 ERECT$ AT PL1SURE2 B
( ? CRE/ ! FEMALE DOES N EXHIBIT A
TRACE4 ,9 ! ,9DIAN ,COPHOTIS CEYLANICA1
! FEMALE HAS A DORSAL CRE/1 ?\< M* LESS
DEVELOP$ ?AN 9 ! MALE2 & S X IS1 Z ,DR4
,GUN!R 9=MS ME1 )! FEMALES ( _M IGUANAS1
*AMELEONS1 & O!R LIZ>DS4 ,9 "S SPECIES1
H["E1 ! CRE/ IS EQU,Y DEVELOP$ 9 BO?
SEXES1 Z 9 ! ,IGUANA TUB]CULATA4 ,9 !
G5US ,SITANA1 ! MALES AL"O >E FURNI%$ )A
L>GE ?ROAT P\* 7SEE FIG4 #CC71 : C 2
FOLD$ UP L A FAN1 & IS COL\R$ BLUE1
BLACK1 & R$2 B ^! SPL5DID COL\RS >E
EXHIBIT$ ONLY DUR+ ! PAIR+-S1SON4 ,!
FEMALE DOES N POSSESS EV5 A RUDI;T ( ?
APP5DAGE4 ,9 ! ,ANOLIS CRI/ATELLUS1 AC
6,MR4 ,AU/51 ! ?ROAT P\*1 : IS B"R R$
M>#D ) YELL[1 IS PRES5T 9 ! FEMALE1 ?\<
9 A RUDI;TAL 3DI;N4 ,AG1 9 C]TA9 O!R
LIZ>DS1 BO? SEXES >E EQU,Y WELL PROVID$
) ?ROAT P\*ES4 ,"H WE SEE ) SPECIES
2L;G+ 6! SAME GR\P1 Z 9 S _M PREVI\S
CASES1 ! SAME "* EI 3F9$ 6! MALES1 OR M
L>GELY DEVELOP$ 9 !M ?AN 9 ! FEMALES1 OR
AG EQU,Y DEVELOP$ 9 BO? SEXES4 ,! LL
LIZ>DS (! G5US ,DRACO1 : GLIDE "? ! AIR
ON _! RIB-SUPPORT$ P>A*UTES1 & : 9 !
B1UTY ( _! COL\RS BA6LE DESCRIP;N1 >E
FURNI%$ ) SK9NY APP5DAGES 6! ?ROAT 8L !
WATTLES ( GALL9ACE\S BIRDS40 ,^! 2COME
ERECT$ :5 ! ANIMAL IS EXCIT$4 ,!Y O3UR 9
BO? SEXES1 B >E BE/ DEVELOP$ :5 ! MALE
>RIVES AT MATUR;Y1 AT : AGE ! MI4LE
APP5DAGE IS "S"TS TWICE Z L;G Z ! H1D4
,MO/ (! SPECIES LIKEWISE H A L[ CRE/
RUNN+ AL;G ! NECK2 & ? IS M* M DEVELOP$
9 ! FULL-GR[N MALES ?AN 9 ! FEMALES OR
"Y MALES4 99
      --,ALL ! =EGO+ /ATE;TS & QUOT,NS1
    9 REG>D 6,COPHOTIS1 ,SITANA &
    ,DRACO1 Z WELL Z ! FOLL[+ FACTS 9
    REG>D 6,C]ATOPHORA & ,*AMAELEON1 >E
    F ,DR4 ,GUN!R HMF1 OR F 8 MAGNIFIC5T
    "W ON ! 8,REPTILES ( ,BRITI% ,9DIA10
    ,RAY ,SOC41 #AHFD1 PP4 #ABB1 #ACJ1
    #ACE4
  ,A ,*9ESE SPECIES IS SD 6LIVE 9 PAIRS
DUR+ ! SPR+2 8& IF "O IS CAU<T1 ! O!R
FALLS F ! TREE 6! GR.D1 & ALL[S XF 6BE
CAPTUR$ ) IMPUN;Y0- ,I PRESUME F
DESPAIR4 99
      --,MR4 ,SW9HOE1 ,PROC4 ,ZOOLOG4
    ,SOC41 #AHGJ1 P4 #BDJ4
  ,"! >E O!R & M* M REM>KA# DI6];ES 2T !
SEXES ( C]TA9 LIZ>DS4 ,! MALE (
,C]ATOPHORA ASP]A BE>S ON ! EXTREM;Y ( 8
SN\T AN APP5DAGE HALF Z L;G Z ! H1D4 ,X
IS CYL9DRICAL1 COV]$ ) SCALES1 FLEXI#1 &
APP>5TLY CAPA# ( EREC;N3 9 ! FEMALE X IS
Q RUDI;TAL4 ,9 A SECOND SPECIES (! SAME
G5US A T]M9AL SCALE =MS A M9UTE HORN ON
! SUMMIT (! FLEXI# APP5DAGE2 & 9 A ?IRD
SPECIES 7SEE ,C4 /O4>TII1 FIG4 #CD7 !
:OLE APP5DAGE IS 3V]T$ 96A HORN1 : IS
USU,Y (A :ITE COL\R1 B ASSUMES A PURPLI%
T9T :5 ! ANIMAL IS EXCIT$4 ,9 ! ADULT
MALE ( ? LATT] SPECIES ! HORN IS HALF AN
9* 9 L5G?1 B X IS ( Q M9UTE SIZE 9 !
FEMALE & 9 ! "Y4 ,^! APP5DAGES1 Z ,DR4
,GUN!R HAS REM>K$ 6ME1 MAY 2 -P>$ )! -BS
( GALL9ACE\S BIRDS1 & APP>5TLY S]VE Z
ORNA;TS4
  ,9 ! G5US ,*AMAELEON WE -E 6! ACME (
DI6];E 2T ! SEXES4 ,! UPP] "P (! SKULL (
! MALE ,C4 BIFURCUS 7SEE FIG4 #CE71 AN
9HABITANT ( ,MADAGASC>1 IS PRODUC$ 96TWO
GRT1 SOLID1 BONY PROJEC;NS1 COV]$ )
SCALES L ! RE/ (! H1D2 &( ? WOND];L
MODIFIC,N ( /RUCTURE ! FEMALE EXHIBITS
ONLY A RUDI;T4 ,AG1 9 ,*AMAELEO [5II
7SEE FIG4 #CF71 F ! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA1
! MALE BE>S ON 8 SN\T & =EH1D ?REE
CURI\S HORNS1 ( : ! FEMALE HAS N A
TRACE4 ,^! HORNS 3SI/ ( AN EXCRESC;E (
B"O COV]$ )A SMOO? %1?1 =M+ "P (! G5]AL
9TEGU;TS (! BODY1 S T !Y >E ID5TICAL 9
/RUCTURE ) ^? (A BULL1 GOAT1 OR O!R %1?-
HORN$ RUM9ANT4 ,AL? ! ?REE HORNS DI6] S
M* 9 APPE>.E F ! TWO GRT PROL;G,NS (!
SKULL 9 ,C4 BIFURCUS1 WE C H>DLY D\BT T
!Y S]VE ! SAME G5]AL PURPOSE 9 ! ECONOMY
( ^! TWO ANIMALS4 ,! F/ 3JECTURE1 : W
O3UR 6E "O1 IS T !Y >E US$ 0! MALES =
FI<T+ TGR2 & Z ^! ANIMALS >E V QU>REL"S1
99 ? IS PROBABLY A CORRECT VIEW4 ,MR4
,T4 ,W4 ,WOOD AL 9=MS ME T HE ONCE WAT*$
TWO 9DIVIDUALS ( ,C4 PUMILUS FI<T+
VIOL5TLY ON ! BRAN* (A TREE2 !Y FLUNG _!
H1DS AB & TRI$ 6BITE EA* O!R2 !Y !N RE/$
=A "T & AFWS 3T9U$ _! BATTLE4
      --,DR4 ,BU*HOLZ1 ,MONATSB]I*T ,K4
    ,PREUSS4 ,AKAD41 ,JAN41 #AHGD1 P4
    #GH4
  ,) _M LIZ>DS ! SEXES DI6] SLI<TLY 9
COL\R1 ! T9TS & /RIPES (! MALES 2+ B"R]
& M 4T9CTLY DEF9$ ?AN 9 ! FEMALES4 ,?1 =
9/.E1 IS ! CASE )! ABV ,COPHOTIS &)!
,ACAN?ODACTYLUS CAP5SIS ( ,S4 ,AFRICA4
,9 A ,CORDYLUS (! LATT] C.TRY1 ! MALE IS
EI M* R$D] OR GRE5] ?AN ! FEMALE4 ,9 !
,9DIAN ,CALOTES NIGRILABRIS "! IS A /
GRT] DI6];E2 ! LIPS AL (! MALE >E BLACK1
:IL/ ^? (! FEMALE >E GRE54 ,9 \R -MON LL
VIVIP>\S LIZ>D 7,ZOOTOCA VIVIP>A7 8! "U
SIDE (! BODY & BASE (! TAIL 9 ! MALE >E
B"R ORANGE1 SPOTT$ ) BLACK2 9 ! FEMALE
^! "PS >E PALE-GREYI%-GRE5 )\T SPOTS48
99 ,WE H SE5 T ! MALES AL"O ( ,SITANA
POSSESS A ?ROAT-P\*2 & ? IS SPL5DIDLY
T9T$ ) BLUE1 BLACK1 & R$4 ,9 !
,PROCTOTRETUS T5UIS ( ,*ILE ! MALE AL"O
IS M>K$ ) SPOTS ( BLUE1 GRE51 & COPP]Y-
R$4 99 7#B7 ,9 _M CASES ! MALES RETA9 !
SAME COL\RS "?\T ! YE>1 B 9 O!RS !Y
2COME M* B"R] DUR+ ! BRE$+-S1SON2 ,I MAY
GIVE Z AN A4I;NAL 9/.E ! ,CALOTES M>IA1
: AT ? S1SON HAS A B"R R$ H1D1 ! RE/ (!
BODY 2+ GRE54 99 7#C7
      --,BELL1 ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI%
    ,REPTILES1 #BND $41 #AHDI1 P4 #DJ4
      997#B7 ,= ,PROCTOTRETUS1 SEE
    ,ZOOLOGY (! ,VOYAGE (! ,B1GLE2
    ,REPTILES 0,MR4 ,BELL1 P4 #H4 ,=!
    LIZ>DS ( ,S4 ,AFRICA1 SEE ,ZOOLOGY (
    ,S4 ,AFRICA3 ,REPTILES1 0,SIR ,&REW
    ,SMI?1 PLS4 #BE & #CI4 ,=! ,9DIAN
    ,CALOTES1 SEE ,REPTILES ( ,BRITI%
    ,9DIA1 0,DR4 ,GUN!R1 P4 #ADC4
      997#C7 ,GUN!R 9 ,PROCE$+S1
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 #AHGJ1 P4
    #GGH1 )A COL\R$ FIGURE4
  ,BO? SEXES ( _M SPECIES >E B1UTI;LLY
COL\R$ EXACTLY ALIKE2 & "! IS NO R1SON
6SUPPOSE T S* COL\RS >E PROTECTIVE4 ,NO
D\BT )! B"R GRE5 K9DS : LIVE 9 ! MID/ (
VEGET,N1 ? COL\R S]VES 63C1L !M2 & 9 ,N4
,PATAGONIA ,I SAW A LIZ>D 7,PROCTOTRETUS
MULTIMACULATUS7 :1 :5 F"R5$1 FLATT5$ XS
BODY1 CLOS$ XS EYES1 & !N F XS MOTTL$
T9TS 0 H>DLY 4T+UI%A# F ! SURR.D+ S&4 ,B
! B"R COL\RS ) : S _M LIZ>DS >E ORNA;T$1
Z WELL Z _! V>I\S CURI\S APP5DAGES1 7
PROBABLY ACQUIR$ 0! MALES Z AN ATTRAC;N1
& !N TRANSMITT$ EI 6_! MALE (FSPR+1 OR
6BO? SEXES4 ,SEXUAL SELEC;N1 9DE$1 SEEMS
6H PLAY$ ALM Z IMPORTANT A "P ) REPTILES
Z ) BIRDS2 &! LESS 3SPICU\S COL\RS (!
FEMALES 9 -P>ISON )! MALES _C 2 A3.T$ =1
Z ,MR4 ,WALLACE 2LIEVES 6BE ! CASE )
BIRDS1 0! GRT] EXPOSURE (! FEMALES
6DANG] DUR+ 9CUB,N4