,,*APT] ,V4
      ,,ON ,,! ,,DEVELOP;T ,,( ,,!
       ,,9TELLECTUAL ,,& ,,MORAL
   ,,FACULTIES ,,DUR+ ,,PRIMEVAL ,,&
           ,,CIVILIS$ ,,"TS4

  ,! SUBJECTS 6BE 4CUSS$ 9 ? *APT] >E (!
HI<E/ 9T]E/1 B >E TR1T$ 0ME 9 AN
IMP]FECT & FRAG;T>Y MANN]4 ,MR4
,WALLACE1 9 AN ADMIRA# PAP] 2F REF]R$
TO1 99 >GUES T MAN1 AF HE _H "PI,Y
ACQUIR$ ^? 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL FACULTIES
: 4T+UI% HM F ! L[] ANIMALS1 WD H BE5 B
LL LIA# 6BODILY MODIFIC,NS "? NATURAL
SELEC;N OR ANY O!R M1NS4 ,= MAN IS 5A#D
"? 8 M5TAL FACULTIES 86KEEP ) AN UN*ANG$
BODY 9 H>MONY )! *ANG+ UNIV]SE40 ,HE HAS
GRT P[] ( ADAPT+ 8 HABITS 6NEW 3DI;NS (
LIFE4 ,HE 9V5TS W1PONS1 TOOLS1 & V>I\S
/RATAGEMS 6PROCURE FOOD & 6DEF5D HMF4
,:5 HE MIGRATES 96A COLD] CLIMATE HE
USES CLO!S1 BUILDS %$S1 & MAKES FIRES2 &
0! AID ( FIRE COOKS FOOD O!RWISE
9DIGE/I#4 ,HE AIDS 8 FELL[-M5 9 _M WAYS1
& ANTICIPATES FUTURE EV5TS4 ,EV5 AT A
REMOTE P]IOD HE PRACTIS$ "S DIVI.N (
LAB\R4
      --,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ,REVIEW1 ,MAY1
    #AHFD1 P4 CLVIII4
  ,! L[] ANIMALS1 ON ! O!R H&1 M/ H _!
BODILY /RUCTURE MODIFI$ 9 ORD] 6SURVIVE
"U GRTLY *ANG$ 3DI;NS4 ,!Y M/ 2 R5D]$
/R;G]1 OR ACQUIRE M E6ECTIVE TEE? OR
CLAWS1 = DEF;E AG/ NEW 5EMIES2 OR !Y M/
2 REDUC$ 9 SIZE1 S Z 6ESCAPE DETEC;N &
DANG]4 ,:5 !Y MIGRATE 96A COLD] CLIMATE1
!Y M/ 2COME CLO!D ) ?ICK] FUR1 OR H _!
3/ITU;NS ALT]$4 ,IF !Y FAIL 6BE ?US
MODIFI$1 !Y W C1SE 6EXI/4
  ,! CASE1 H["E1 IS WIDELY DI6]5T1 Z
,MR4 ,WALLACE HAS ) JU/ICE 9SI/$1 9
REL,N 6! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL FACULTIES (
MAN4 ,^! FACULTIES >E V>IA#2 & WE H E
R1SON 62LIEVE T ! V>I,NS T5D 6BE 9H]IT$4
,"!=E1 IF !Y 7 =M]LY ( HI< IMPORT.E
6PRIMEVAL MAN & 6HIS APE-L PROG5ITORS1
!Y WD H BE5 P]FECT$ OR ADV.ED "? NATURAL
SELEC;N4 ,(! HI< IMPORT.E (! 9TELLECTUAL
FACULTIES "! C 2 NO D\BT1 = MAN MA9LY
[ES 6!M 8 PREDOM9ANT POSI;N 9 ! _W4 ,WE
C SEE1 T 9 ! RUDE/ /ATE ( SOCIETY1 !
9DIVIDUALS :O 7 ! MO/ SAGACI\S1 :O 9V5T$
& US$ ! BE/ W1PONS OR TRAPS1 & :O 7 BE/
A# 6DEF5D !MVS1 WD RE> ! GRTE/ NUMB] (
(FSPR+4 ,! TRIBES1 : 9CLUD$ ! L>GE/
NUMB] ( M5 ?US 5D[$1 WD 9CR1SE 9 NUMB] &
SUPPLANT O!R TRIBES4 ,NUMB]S DEP5D
PRIM>ILY ON ! M1NS ( SUBSI/;E1 & ?
DEP5DS "PLY ON ! PHYSICAL NATURE (!
C.TRY1 B 9 A M* HI<] DEGREE ON ! >TS :
>E "! PRACTIS$4 ,Z A TRIBE 9CR1SES & IS
VICTORI\S1 X IS (T5 / FUR!R 9CR1S$ 0!
ABSORP;N ( O!R TRIBES4 99 ,! /ATURE &
/R5G? (! M5 (A TRIBE >E LIKEWISE ( "S
IMPORT.E = XS SU3ESS1 & ^! DEP5D 9 "P ON
! NATURE & AM.T (! FOOD : C 2 OBTA9$4 ,9
,EUROPE ! M5 (! ,BRONZE P]IOD 7
SUPPLANT$ 0A RACE M P[];L1 &1 JUDG+ F _!
SWORD-H&LES1 ) L>G] H&S2 99 7#B7 B _!
SU3ESS 0 PROBABLY / M DUE 6_! SUP]IOR;Y
9 ! >TS4
      --,AF A "T ! MEMB]S ( TRIBES : >E
    ABSORB$ 96ANO!R TRIBE ASSUME1 Z ,SIR
    ,H5RY ,MA9E REM>KS 7,ANCI5T ,LAW1
    #AHFA1 P4 #ACA71 T !Y >E ! CO-
    DESC5DANTS (! SAME ANCE/ORS4
      997#B7 ,MORLOT1 ,SOC4 ,VAUD4 ,SC4
    ,NAT41 #AHFJ1 P4 #BID4
  ,ALL T WE "K AB SAVAGES1 OR MAY 9F] F
_! TRADI;NS & F OLD MONU;TS1 ! HI/ORY (
: IS Q =GOTT5 0! PRES5T 9HABITANTS1 %EW
T F ! REMOTE/ "TS SU3ESS;L TRIBES H
SUPPLANT$ O!R TRIBES4 ,RELICS ( EXT9CT
OR =GOTT5 TRIBES H BE5 4COV]$ "?\T !
CIVILIS$ REGIONS (! E>?1 ON ! WILD PLA9S
( ,AM]ICA1 & ON ! ISOLAT$ ISL&S 9 !
,PACIFIC ,OC1N4 ,AT ! PRES5T "D CIVILIS$
N,NS >E "EY": SUPPLANT+ B>B>\S N,NS1
EXCEPT+ ": ! CLIMATE OPPOSES A D1DLY
B>RI]2 & !Y SU3E$ MA9LY1 ?\< N
EXCLUSIVELY1 "? _! >TS1 : >E ! PRODUCTS
(! 9TELLECT4 ,X IS1 "!=E1 HI<LY PROBA# T
) MANK9D ! 9TELLECTUAL FACULTIES H BE5
MA9LY & GRADU,Y P]FECT$ "? NATURAL
SELEC;N2 & ? 3CLU.N IS SU6ICI5T = \R
PURPOSE4 ,UND\BT$LY X WD 2 9T]E/+ 6TRACE
! DEVELOP;T ( EA* SEP>ATE FACULTY F !
/ATE 9 : X EXI/S 9 ! L[] ANIMALS 6T 9 :
X EXI/S 9 MAN2 B NEI MY ABIL;Y NOR K
P]MITS ! ATTEMPT4
  ,X DES]VES NOTICE T1 Z SOON Z !
PROG5ITORS ( MAN 2CAME SOCIAL 7& ?
PROBABLY O3URR$ AT A V E>LY P]IOD71 !
PR9CIPLE ( IMIT,N1 & R1SON1 & EXP]I;E WD
H 9CR1S$1 & M* MODIFI$ ! 9TELLECTUAL
P[]S 9 A WAY1 ( : WE SEE ONLY TRACES 9 !
L[] ANIMALS4 ,APES >E M* GIV5 6IMIT,N1 Z
>E ! L[E/ SAVAGES2 &! SIMPLE FACT
PREVI\SLY REF]R$ TO1 T AF A "T NO ANIMAL
C 2 CAU<T 9 ! SAME PLACE 0! SAME SORT (
TRAP1 %EWS T ANIMALS LE>N 0EXP]I;E1 &
IMITATE ! CAU;N ( O!RS4 ,N[1 IF "S "O
MAN 9 A TRIBE1 M SAGACI\S ?AN ! O!RS1
9V5T$ A NEW SN>E OR W1PON1 OR O!R M1NS (
ATTACK OR DEF;E1 ! PLA9E/ SELF-9T]E/1
)\T ! ASSI/.E ( M* R1SON+ P[]1 WD PROMPT
! O!R MEMB]S 6IMITATE HM2 & ALL WD ?US
PR(IT4 ,! HABITUAL PRACTICE ( EA* NEW >T
M/ LIKEWISE 9 "S SLI<T DEGREE /R5G!N !
9TELLECT4 ,IF ! NEW 9V5;N 7 AN IMPORTANT
"O1 ! TRIBE WD 9CR1SE 9 NUMB]1 SPR1D1 &
SUPPLANT O!R TRIBES4 ,9 A TRIBE ?US
R5D]$ M NUM]\S "! WD ALW 2 A R GRT] *.E
(! BIR? ( O!R SUP]IOR & 9V5TIVE MEMB]S4
,IF S* M5 LEFT *N 69H]IT _! M5TAL
SUP]IOR;Y1 ! *.E (! BIR? ( / M 9G5I\S
MEMB]S WD 2 "S:AT BETT]1 & 9 A V SMALL
TRIBE DECID$LY BETT]4 ,EV5 IF !Y LEFT NO
*N1 ! TRIBE WD / 9CLUDE _! BLOOD-REL,NS2
& X HAS BE5 ASC]TA9$ 0AGRICULTURI/S 99 T
0PRES]V+ & BRE$+ F ! FAMILY ( AN ANIMAL1
: :5 SLAU<T]$ 0 F.D 6BE VALUA#1 ! DESIR$
"* HAS BE5 OBTA9$4
      --,I H GIV5 9/.ES 9 MY ,V>I,N (
    ,ANIMALS "U ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41
    P4 #AIF4
  ,TURN+ N[ 6! SOCIAL & MORAL FACULTIES4
,9 ORD] T PRIMEVAL M51 OR ! APELIKE
PROG5ITORS ( MAN1 %D 2COME SOCIAL1 !Y M/
H ACQUIR$ ! SAME 9/9CTIVE FEEL+S1 :
IMPEL O!R ANIMALS 6LIVE 9 A BODY2 & !Y
NO D\BT EXHIBIT$ ! SAME G5]AL 4POSI;N4
,!Y WD H FELT UNEASY :5 SEP>AT$ F _!
-RADES1 = :OM !Y WD H FELT "S DEGREE (
LOVE2 !Y WD H W>N$ EA* O!R ( DANG]1 & H
GIV5 MUTUAL AID 9 ATTACK OR DEF;E4 ,ALL
? IMPLIES "S DEGREE ( SYMPA?Y1 FIDEL;Y1
& C\RAGE4 ,S* SOCIAL QUALITIES1 ! P>AM.T
IMPORT.E ( : 6! L[] ANIMALS IS 4PUT$ 0NO
"O1 7 NO D\BT ACQUIR$ 0! PROG5ITORS (
MAN 9 A SIMIL> MANN]1 "NLY1 "? NATURAL
SELEC;N1 AID$ 09H]IT$ HABIT4 ,:5 TWO
TRIBES ( PRIMEVAL MAN1 LIV+ 9 ! SAME
C.TRY1 CAME 96-PETI;N1 IF 7O!R
CIRCUM/.ES 2+ EQUAL7 ! "O TRIBE 9CLUD$ A
GRT NUMB] ( C\RAGE\S1 SYMPA!TIC & FAI?;L
MEMB]S1 :O 7 ALW R1DY 6W>N EA* O!R (
DANG]1 6AID & DEF5D EA* O!R1 ? TRIBE WD
SU3E$ BETT] & 3QU] ! O!R4 ,LET X 2 BORNE
9 M9D H[ ALL-IMPORTANT 9 ! N"E-C1S+ W>S
( SAVAGES1 FIDEL;Y & C\RAGE M/ BE4 ,!
ADVANTAGE : 4CIPL9$ SOLDI]S H OV]
UNDISCIPL9$ HORDES FOLL[S *IEFLY F !
3FID;E : EA* MAN FEELS 9 8 -RADES4
,OB$I;E1 Z ,MR4 ,BAGEHOT HAS WELL %EWN1
99 IS (! HI<E/ VALUE1 = ANY =M ( GOV]N;T
IS BETT] ?AN N"O4 ,SELFI% & 3T5TI\S P W
N CO"H1 & )\T COH];E NO?+ C 2 E6ECT$4 ,A
TRIBE RI* 9 ! ABV QUALITIES WD SPR1D & 2
VICTORI\S OV] O!R TRIBES3 B 9 ! C\RSE (
"T X WD1 JUDG+ F ALL PA/ HI/ORY1 2 9 XS
TURN OV]COME 0"S O!R TRIBE / M HI<LY
5D[$4 ,?US ! SOCIAL & MORAL QUALITIES WD
T5D SL[LY 6ADV.E & 2 DI6US$ "?\T ! _W4
      --,SEE A REM>KA# S]IES ( >TICLES
    ON 8,PHYSICS & ,POLITICS10 9 !
    ,=TNI<TLY ,REVIEW1 ,NOV41 #AHFG2
    ,APRIL #A1 #AHFH2 ,JULY #A1 #AHFI1
    S9CE SEP>ATELY PUBLI%$4
  ,B X MAY 2 ASK$1 H[ )9 ! LIMITS (!
SAME TRIBE DID A L>GE NUMB] ( MEMB]S F/
2COME 5D[$ ) ^! SOCIAL & MORAL
QUALITIES1 & H[ 0 ! /&>D ( EXCELL;E
RAIS$8 ,X IS EXTREMELY D\BT;L :E!R !
(FSPR+ (! M SYMPA!TIC & 2NEVOL5T P>5TS1
OR ( ^? :O 7 ! MO/ FAI?;L 6_! -RADES1 WD
2 RE>$ 9 GRT] NUMB]S ?AN ! *N ( SELFI% &
TR1*]\S P>5TS 2L;G+ 6! SAME TRIBE4 ,HE
:O 0 R1DY 6SACRIFICE 8 LIFE1 Z _M A
SAVAGE HAS BE51 R ?AN 2TRAY 8 -RADES1 WD
(T5 L1VE NO (FSPR+ 69H]IT 8 NO# NATURE4
,! BRAVE/ M51 :O 7 ALW WILL+ 6-E 6!
FRONT 9 W>1 & :O FREELY RISK$ _! LIVES =
O!RS1 WD ON AN AV]AGE P]I% 9 L>G] NUMB]S
?AN O!R M54 ,"!=E1 X H>DLY SEEMS PROBA#
T ! NUMB] ( M5 GIFT$ ) S* VIRTUES1 OR T
! /&>D ( _! EXCELL;E1 CD 2 9CR1S$ "?
NATURAL SELEC;N1 T IS1 0! SURVIVAL (!
FITTE/2 = WE >E N "H SP1K+ ( "O TRIBE 2+
VICTORI\S OV] ANO!R4
  ,AL? ! CIRCUM/.ES1 L1D+ 6AN 9CR1SE 9 !
NUMB] ( ^? ?US 5D[$ )9 ! SAME TRIBE1 >E
TOO -PLEX 6BE CLE>LY FOLL[$ \1 WE C
TRACE "S (! PROBA# /EPS4 ,9 ! F/ PLACE1
Z ! R1SON+ P[]S & =ESI<T (! MEMB]S 2CAME
IMPROV$1 EA* MAN WD SOON LE>N T IF HE
AID$ 8 FELL[-M51 HE WD -MONLY RCV AID 9
RETURN4 ,F ? L[ MOTIVE HE MI<T ACQUIRE !
HABIT ( AID+ 8 FELL[S2 &! HABIT ( P]=M+
2NEVOL5T AC;NS C]TA9LY /R5G!NS ! FEEL+ (
SYMPA?Y : GIVES ! F/ IMPULSE 62NEVOL5T
AC;NS4 ,HABITS1 MOREOV]1 FOLL[$ DUR+ _M
G5],NS PROBABLY T5D 6BE 9H]IT$4
  ,B ANO!R & M* M P[];L /IMULUS 6!
DEVELOP;T (! SOCIAL VIRTUES1 IS AF=D$ 0!
PRAISE &! BLAME ( \R FELL[-M54 ,6! 9/9CT
( SYMPA?Y1 Z WE H ALR SE51 X IS PRIM>ILY
DUE1 T WE HABITU,Y 2/[ BO? PRAISES &
BLAME ON O!RS1 :IL/ WE LOVE ! =M] & DR1D
! LATT] :5 APPLI$ 6\RVS2 & ? 9/9CT NO
D\BT 0 ORIG9,Y ACQUIR$1 L ALL ! O!R
SOCIAL 9/9CTS1 "? NATURAL SELEC;N4 ,AT
H[ E>LY A P]IOD ! PROG5ITORS ( MAN 9 !
C\RSE ( _! DEVELOP;T1 2CAME CAPA# (
FEEL+ & 2+ IMPELL$ BY1 ! PRAISE OR BLAME
( _! FELL[-CR1TURES1 WE _C ( C\RSE SAY4
,B X APPE>S T EV5 DOGS APPRECIATE
5C\RAGE;T1 PRAISE1 & BLAME4 ,! RUDE/
SAVAGES FEEL ! S5TI;T ( GLORY1 Z !Y
CLE>LY %[ 0PRES]V+ ! TROPHIES ( _!
PR[ESS1 0_! HABIT ( EXCESSIVE BOA/+1 &
EV5 0! EXTREME C>E : !Y TAKE ( _!
P]SONAL APPE>.E & DECOR,NS2 = UN.S !Y
REG>D$ ! OP9ION ( _! -RADES1 S* HABITS
WD 2 S5SE.S4
  ,!Y C]TA9LY FEEL %AME AT ! BR1* ( "S (
_! LESS] RULES1 & APP>5TLY REMORSE1 Z
%EWN 0! CASE (! ,AU/RALIAN :O GREW ?9 &
CD N RE/ F HAV+ DELAY$ 6MURD] "S O!R
WOMAN1 S Z 6PROPITIATE 8 D1D WIFE'S _S4
,?\< ,I H N MET ) ANY O!R RECORD$ CASE1
X IS SC>CELY CR$I# T A SAVAGE1 :O W
SACRIFICE 8 LIFE R ?AN 2TRAY 8 TRIBE1 OR
"O :O W DELIV] HMF UP Z A PRISON] R ?AN
BR1K 8 P>OLE1 99 WD N FEEL REMORSE 9 8
9MO/ S\L1 IF HE _H FAIL$ 9 A DUTY1 : HE
HELD SACR$4
      --,MR4 ,WALLACE GIVES CASES 9 8
    ,3TRIBU;NS 6! ,!ORY ( ,NATURAL
    ,SELEC;N1 #AHGJ1 P4 #CED4
  ,WE MAY "!=E 3CLUDE T PRIMEVAL MAN1 AT
A V REMOTE P]IOD1 0 9FLU;ED 0! PRAISE &
BLAME ( 8 FELL[S4 ,X IS OBVI\S1 T !
MEMB]S (! SAME TRIBE WD APPROVE ( 3DUCT
: APPE>$ 6!M 6BE =! G5]AL GD1 & WD
REPROBATE T : APPE>$ EVIL4 ,6D GD UNTO
O!RS- 6D UNTO O!RS Z YE WD !Y %D D UNTO
Y- IS ! F.D,N-/"O ( MORAL;Y4 ,X IS1
"!=E1 H>DLY POSSI# 6EXA7]ATE ! IMPORT.E
DUR+ RUDE "TS (! LOVE ( PRAISE &! DR1D (
BLAME4 ,A MAN :O 0 N IMPELL$ 0ANY DEEP1
9/9CTIVE FEEL+1 6SACRIFICE 8 LIFE =! GD
( O!RS1 YET 0 R\S$ 6S* AC;NS 0A S5SE (
GLORY1 WD 0HIS EXAMPLE EXCITE ! SAME WI%
= GLORY 9 O!R M51 & WD /R5G!N 0EX]CISE !
NO# FEEL+ ( ADMIR,N4 ,HE MI<T ?US D F> M
GD 6HIS TRIBE ?AN 02GETT+ (FSPR+ )A
T5D5CY 69H]IT 8 [N HI< "*4
  ,) 9CR1S$ EXP]I;E & R1SON1 MAN P]CVS !
M REMOTE 3SEQU;ES ( 8 AC;NS1 &! SELF-
REG>D+ VIRTUES1 S* Z TEMP].E1 *A/;Y1
&C41 : DUR+ E>LY "TS >E1 Z WE H 2F SE51
UTT]LY 4REG>D$1 -E 6BE HI<LY E/EEM$ OR
EV5 HELD SACR$4 ,I NE$ N1 H["E1 REP1T
:AT ,I H SD ON ? H1D 9 ! F\R? *APT]4
,ULTIMATELY \R MORAL S5SE OR 3SCI;E
2COMES A HI<LY -PLEX S5TI;T- ORIG9AT+ 9
! SOCIAL 9/9CTS1 L>GELY GUID$ 0!
APPROB,N ( \R FELL[-M51 RUL$ 0R1SON1
SELF-9T]E/1 & 9 LAT] "TS 0DEEP RELIGI\S
FEEL+S1 & 3FIRM$ 09/RUC;N & HABIT4
  ,X M/ N 2 =GOTT5 T AL? A HI< /&>D (
MORAL;Y GIVES B A SLI<T OR NO ADVANTAGE
6EA* 9DIVIDUAL MAN & 8 *N OV] ! O!R M5 (
! SAME TRIBE1 YET T AN 9CR1SE 9 ! NUMB]
( WELL-5D[$ M5 & AN ADV.E;T 9 ! /&>D (
MORAL;Y W C]TA9LY GIVE AN IMM5SE
ADVANTAGE 6"O TRIBE OV] ANO!R4 ,A TRIBE
9CLUD+ _M MEMB]S :O1 F POSSESS+ 9 A HI<
DEGREE ! _S ( PATRIOTISM1 FIDEL;Y1
OB$I;E1 C\RAGE1 & SYMPA?Y1 7 ALW R1DY
6AID "O ANO!R1 & 6SACRIFICE !MVS =! -MON
GD1 WD 2 VICTORI\S OV] MO/ O!R TRIBES2 &
? WD 2 NATURAL SELEC;N4 ,AT ALL "TS "?\T
! _W TRIBES H SUPPLANT$ O!R TRIBES2 & Z
MORAL;Y IS "O IMPORTANT ELE;T 9 _!
SU3ESS1 ! /&>D ( MORAL;Y &! NUMB] (
WELL-5D[$ M5 W ?US "EY": T5D 6RISE &
9CR1SE4
  ,X IS1 H["E1 V DI6ICULT 6=M ANY JUDG;T
:Y "O "PICUL> TRIBE & N ANO!R HAS BE5
SU3ESS;L & HAS RIS5 9 ! SCALE (
CIVILIS,N4 ,_M SAVAGES >E 9 ! SAME 3DI;N
Z :5 F/ 4COV]$ S"EAL C5TURIES AGO4 ,Z
,MR4 ,BAGEHOT HAS REM>K$1 WE >E APT
6LOOK AT ! PROGRESS Z NORMAL 9 HUMAN
SOCIETY2 B HI/ORY REFUTES ?4 ,! ANCI5TS
DID N EV5 5T]TA9 ! IDEA1 NOR D !
,ORI5TAL N,NS AT ! PRES5T "D4 ,AC 6ANO!R
HI< AU?OR;Y1 ,SIR ,H5RY ,MA9E1 8,! GRTE/
"P ( MANK9D HAS N"E %EWN A "PICLE (
DESIRE T XS CIVIL 9/ITU;NS %D 2
IMPROV$48 99 ,PROGRESS SEEMS 6DEP5D ON
_M 3CURR5T FAV\RA# 3DI;NS1 F> TOO -PLEX
6BE FOLL[$ \4 ,B X HAS (T5 BE5 REM>K$1 T
A COOL CLIMATE1 F L1D+ 69DU/RY & 6!
V>I\S >TS1 HAS BE5 HI<LY FAV\RA# "!TO4
,! ,ESQUIMAUX1 PRESS$ 0H>D NECESS;Y1 H
SU3E$$ 9 _M 9G5I\S 9V5;NS1 B _! CLIMATE
HAS BE5 TOO SEV]E = 3T9U$ PROGRESS4
,NOMADIC HABITS1 :E!R OV] WIDE PLA9S1 OR
"? ! D5SE =E/S (! TROPICS1 OR AL;G !
%ORES (! SEA1 H 9 E CASE BE5 HI<LY
DETRI;TAL4 ,:IL/ OBS]V+ ! B>B>\S
9HABITANTS ( ,TI]RA DEL ,FUEGO1 X /RUCK
ME T ! POSSES.N ( "S PROP]TY1 A FIX$
ABODE1 &! UNION ( _M FAMILIES "U A *IEF1
7 ! 9DISP5SA# REQUISITES = CIVILIS,N4
,S* HABITS ALM NECESSITATE ! CULTIV,N (!
GR.D &! F/ /EPS 9 CULTIV,N WD PROBABLY
RESULT1 Z ,I H ELSE": %EWN1 99 7#B7 F "S
S* A3ID5T Z ! SE$S (A FRUIT-TREE FALL+
ON A H1P ( REFUSE1 & PRODUC+ AN UNUSU,Y
F9E V>IETY4 ,! PRO#M1 H["E1 (! F/ ADV.E
( SAVAGES T[>DS CIVILIS,N IS AT PRES5T
M* TOO DI6ICULT 6BE SOLV$4
      --,ANCI5T ,LAW1 #AHFA1 P4 #BB4 ,=
    ,MR4 ,BAGEHOT'S REM>KS1 ,=TNI<TLY
    ,REVIEW1 ,APRIL #A1 #AHFH1 P4 #DEB4
      997#B7 ,! ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS &
    ,PLANTS "U ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 I41 P4
    #CJI4
  ,NATURAL ,SELEC;N Z A6ECT+ ,CIVILIS$
,N,NS4- ,I H HI!RTO ONLY 3SID]$ !
ADV.E;T ( MAN F A SEMI-HUMAN 3DI;N 6T (!
MOD]N SAVAGE4 ,B "S REM>KS ON ! AC;N (
NATURAL SELEC;N ON CIVILIS$ N,NS MAY 2
WOR? A4+4 ,? SUBJECT HAS BE5 ABLY 4CUSS$
0,MR4 ,W4 ,R4 ,GREG1 99 & PREVI\SLY
0,MR4 ,WALLACE & ,MR4 ,GALTON4 99 7#B7
,MO/ ( MY REM>KS >E TAK5 F ^! ?REE
AU?ORS4 ,) SAVAGES1 ! W1K 9 BODY OR M9D
>E SOON ELIM9AT$2 & ^? T SURVIVE -MONLY
EXHIBIT A VIGOR\S /ATE ( H1L?4 ,WE
CIVILIS$ M51 ON ! O!R H&1 D \R UTMO/
6*ECK ! PROCESS ( ELIM9,N2 WE BUILD
ASYLUMS =! IMBECILE1 ! MAIM$1 &! SICK2
WE 9/ITUTE POOR-LAWS2 & \R M$ICAL M5
EX]T _! UTMO/ SKILL 6SAVE ! LIFE ( E "O
6! LA/ MO;T4 ,"! IS R1SON 62LIEVE T
VA39,N HAS PRES]V$ ?\S&S1 :O F A W1K
3/ITU;N WD =M]LY H SU3UMB$ 6SMALL-POX4
,?US ! W1K MEMB]S ( CIVILIS$ SOCIETIES
PROPAGATE _! K9D4 ,NO "O :O HAS ATT5D$
6! BRE$+ ( DOME/IC ANIMALS W D\BT T ? M/
2 HI<LY 9JURI\S 6! RACE ( MAN4 ,X IS
SURPRIS+ H[ SOON A WANT ( C>E1 OR C>E
WR;GLY DIRECT$1 L1DS 6! DEG5],N (A
DOME/IC RACE2 B EXCEPT+ 9 ! CASE ( MAN
HMF1 H>DLY ANY "O IS S IGNORANT Z 6ALL[
8 WOR/ ANIMALS 6BRE$4
      --,FRAS]'S ,MAGAZ9E1 ,SEPT41
    #AHFH1 P4 #CEC4 ,? >TICLE SEEMS 6H
    /RUCK _M P]SONS1 & HAS GIV5 RISE
    6TWO REM>KA# ESSAYS &A REJO9D] 9 !
    ,SPECTATOR1 ,OCT4 #C & #AG1 #AHFH4
    ,X HAS AL BE5 4CUSS$ 9 ! ,QU>T]LY
    ,J\RNAL ( ,SCI;E1 #AHFI1 P4 #AEB1 &
    0,MR4 ,LAWSON ,TAIT 9 ! ,DUBL9
    ,QU>T]LY ,J\RNAL ( ,M$ICAL ,SCI;E1
    ,FEB41 #AHFI1 & 0,MR4 ,E4 ,RAY
    ,LANKE/] 9 8 ,-P>ATIVE ,L;GEV;Y1
    #AHGJ1 P4 #ABH4 ,SIMIL> VIEWS APPE>$
    PREVI\SLY 9 ! ,AU/RALASIAN1 ,JULY
    #AC1 #AHFG4 ,I H BORR[$ ID1S F S"EAL
    ( ^! WRIT]S4
      997#B7 ,= ,MR4 ,WALLACE1 SEE
    ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ,REVIEW1 Z 2F CIT$4
    ,MR4 ,GALTON 9 ,MACMILLAN'S
    ,MAGAZ9E1 ,AUG41 #AHFE1 P4 #CAH2 AL
    8 GRT "W1 ,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS1 #AHGJ4
  ,! AID : WE FEEL IMPELL$ 6GIVE 6!
HELP.S IS MA9LY AN 9CID5TAL RESULT (!
9/9CT ( SYMPA?Y1 : 0 ORIG9,Y ACQUIR$ Z
"P (! SOCIAL 9/9CTS1 B SUBSEQU5TLY
R5D]$1 9 ! MANN] PREVI\SLY 9DICAT$1 M
T5D] & M WIDELY DI6US$4 ,NOR CD WE *ECK
\R SYMPA?Y1 EV5 AT ! URG+ ( H>D R1SON1
)\T DET]IOR,N 9 ! NO#/ "P ( \R NATURE4
,! SURGEON MAY H>D5 HMF :IL/ P]=M+ AN
OP],N1 = HE "KS T HE IS ACT+ =! GD ( 8
PATI5T2 B IF WE 7 9T5;N,Y 6NEGLECT ! W1K
& HELP.S1 X CD ONLY 2 =A 3T+5T B5EFIT1 )
AN OV]:ELM+ PRES5T EVIL4 ,WE M/ "!=E BE>
! UND\BT$LY BAD E6ECTS (! W1K SURVIV+ &
PROPAGAT+ _! K9D2 B "! APPE>S 6BE AT L1/
"O *ECK 9 /1DY AC;N1 "NLY T ! W1K] &
9F]IOR MEMB]S ( SOCIETY D N M>RY S
FREELY Z ! S.D2 & ? *ECK MI<T 2
9DEF9ITELY 9CR1S$ 0! W1K 9 BODY OR M9D
REFRA9+ F M>RIAGE1 ?\< ? IS M 6BE HOP$ =
?AN EXPECT$4
  ,9 E C.TRY 9 : A L>GE /&+ >MY IS KEPT
UP1 ! F9E/ "Y M5 >E TAK5 0! 3SCRIP;N OR
>E 5LI/$4 ,!Y >E ?US EXPOS$ 6E>LY D1?
DUR+ W>1 >E (T5 TEMPT$ 96VICE1 & >E
PREV5T$ F M>RY+ DUR+ ! PRIME ( LIFE4 ,ON
! O!R H& ! %ORT] & FEE#R M51 ) POOR
3/ITU;NS1 >E LEFT AT HOME1 & 3SEQU5TLY H
A M* BETT] *.E ( M>RY+ & PROPAGAT+ _!
K9D4 99
      --,PR(4 ,H4 ,FICK 7,E9FLUSS D]
    ,NATURWISS5S*AFT AUF DAS ,RE*T1
    ,JUNE1 #AHGB7 HAS "S GD REM>KS ON ?
    H1D1 & ON O!R S* PO9TS4
  ,MAN A3UMULATES PROP]TY & 2QU1?S X
6HIS *N1 S T ! *N (! RI* H AN ADVANTAGE
OV] ! POOR 9 ! RACE = SU3ESS1 9DEP5D5TLY
( BODILY OR M5TAL SUP]IOR;Y4 ,ON ! O!R
H&1 ! *N ( P>5TS :O >E %ORT-LIV$1 & >E
"!=E ON AN AV]AGE DEFICI5T 9 H1L? &
VIG\R1 -E 96_! PROP]TY SOON] ?AN O!R *N1
& W 2 LIKELY 6M>RY E>LI]1 & L1VE A L>G]
NUMB] ( (FSPR+ 69H]IT _! 9F]IOR
3/ITU;NS4 ,B ! 9H]IT.E ( PROP]TY 0XF IS
V F> F AN EVIL2 = )\T ! A3UMUL,N (
CAPITAL ! >TS CD N PROGRESS2 & X IS
*IEFLY "? _! P[] T ! CIVILIS$ RACES H
EXT5D$1 & >E N[ "EY": EXT5D+ _! RANGE1 S
Z 6TAKE ! PLACE (! L[] RACES4 ,NOR DOES
! MOD]ATE A3UMUL,N ( W1L? 9T]F]E )!
PROCESS ( SELEC;N4 ,:5 A POOR MAN 2COMES
MOD]ATELY RI*1 8 *N 5T] TRADES OR
PROFES.NS 9 : "! IS /RU7LE 5\<1 S T ! A#
9 BODY & M9D SU3E$ BE/4 ,! PRES;E (A
BODY ( WELL-9/RUCT$ M51 :O H N 6LAB\R =
_! DAILY BR1D1 IS IMPORTANT 6A DEGREE :
_C 2 OV]-E/IMAT$2 Z ALL HI< 9TELLECTUAL
"W IS C>RI$ ON 0!M1 & ON S* "W1 MAT]IAL
PROGRESS ( ALL K9DS MA9LY DEP5DS1 N
6M5;N O!R & HI<] ADVANTAGES4 ,NO D\BT
W1L? :5 V GRT T5DS 63V]T M5 96USE.S
DR"OS1 B _! NUMB] IS N"E L>GE2 & "S
DEGREE ( ELIM9,N "H O3URS1 = WE DAILY
SEE RI* M51 :O HAPP5 6BE FOOLS OR
PR(LIGATE1 SQU&]+ AWAY _! W1L?4
  ,PRIMOG5ITURE ) 5TAIL$ E/ATES IS A M
DIRECT EVIL1 ?\< X MAY =M]LY H BE5 A GRT
ADVANTAGE 0! CRE,N (A DOM9ANT CLASS1 &
ANY GOV]N;T IS BETT] ?AN N"O4 ,MO/ ELDE/
SONS1 ?\< !Y MAY 2 W1K 9 BODY OR M9D1
M>RY1 :IL/ ! "Y] SONS1 H["E SUP]IOR 9 ^!
RESPECTS1 D N S G5],Y M>RY4 ,NOR C
WOR?.S ELDE/ SONS ) 5TAIL$ E/ATES SQU&]
_! W1L?4 ,B "H1 Z ELSE":1 ! REL,NS (
CIVILIS$ LIFE >E S -PLEX T "S -P5SATORY
*ECKS 9T]V5E4 ,! M5 :O >E RI* "?
PRIMOG5ITURE >E A# 6SELECT G5],N AF
G5],N ! M B1UTI;L & *>M+ WOM52 & ^! M/
G5],Y 2 H1L?Y 9 BODY & ACTIVE 9 M9D4 ,!
EVIL 3SEQU;ES1 S* Z !Y MAY BE1 (! 3T9U$
PRES]V,N (! SAME L9E ( DESC5T1 )\T ANY
SELEC;N1 >E *ECK$ 0M5 ( RANK ALW WI%+
69CR1SE _! W1L? & P[]2 & ? !Y E6ECT
0M>RY+ HEIRESSES4 ,B ! DAU<T]S ( P>5TS
:O H PRODUC$ S+LE *N1 >E !MVS1 Z ,MR4
,GALTON 99 HAS %EWN1 APT 6BE /]ILE2 &
?US NO# FAMILIES >E 3T9U,Y CUT (F 9 !
DIRECT L9E1 & _! W1L? FL[S 96"S SIDE
*ANNEL2 B UN=TUNATELY ? *ANNEL IS N
DET]M9$ 0SUP]IOR;Y ( ANY K9D4
      --,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS1 #AHGJ1 PP4
    #ACB-ADJ4
  ,AL? CIVILIS,N ?US *ECKS 9 _M WAYS !
AC;N ( NATURAL SELEC;N1 X APP>5TLY
FAV\RS ! BETT] DEVELOP;T (! BODY1 0M1NS
( GD FOOD &! FREEDOM F O3A.NAL H>D%IPS4
,? MAY 2 9F]R$ F CIVILIS$ M5 HAV+ BE5
F.D1 :]"E -P>$1 6BE PHYSIC,Y /R;G] ?AN
SAVAGES4 99 ,!Y APPE> AL 6H EQUAL P[]S (
5DUR.E1 Z HAS BE5 PROV$ 9 _M ADV5TUR\S
EXP$I;NS4 ,EV5 ! GRT LUXURY (! RI* C 2 B
LL DETRI;TAL2 =! EXPECT,N ( LIFE ( \R
>I/OCRACY1 AT ALL AGES &( BO? SEXES1 IS
V LL 9F]IOR 6T ( H1L?Y ,5GLI% LIVES 9 !
L[] CLASSES4 99 7#B7
      --,QUATREFAGES1 ,REVUE DES ,C\RS
    ,SCI5TIFIQUES #AHFG-FH1 P4 #FEI4
      997#B7 ,SEE ! FIF? & SIX? COLUMNS
    -PIL$ F GD AU?ORITIES1 9 ! TA# GIV5
    9 ,MR4 ,E4 ,R4 ,LANKE/]'S ,-P>ATIVE
    ,L;GEV;Y1 #AHGJ1 P4 #AAE4
  ,WE W N[ LOOK 6! 9TELLECTUAL
FACULTIES4 ,IF 9 EA* GRADE ( SOCIETY !
MEMB]S 7 DIVID$ 96TWO EQUAL BODIES1 ! "O
9CLUD+ ! 9TELLECTU,Y SUP]IOR &! O!R !
9F]IOR1 "! C 2 LL D\BT T ! =M] WD SU3E$
BE/ 9 ALL O3UP,NS1 & RE> A GRT] NUMB] (
*N4 ,EV5 9 ! L[E/ WALKS ( LIFE1 SKILL &
ABIL;Y M/ 2 ( "S ADVANTAGE2 ?\< 9 _M
O3UP,NS1 [+ 6! GRT DIVI.N ( LAB\R1 A V
SMALL "O4 ,H;E 9 CIVILIS$ N,NS "! W 2 "S
T5D5CY 6AN 9CR1SE BO? 9 ! NUMB] & 9 !
/&>D (! 9TELLECTU,Y A#4 ,B ,I D N WI%
6ASS]T T ? T5D5CY MAY N 2 M ?AN
C.T]BAL.ED 9 O!R WAYS1 Z 0! MULTIPLIC,N
(! RECK.S & IMPROVID5T2 B EV5 6S* Z ^!1
ABIL;Y M/ 2 "S ADVANTAGE4
  ,X HAS (T5 BE5 OBJECT$ 6VIEWS L !
=EGO+1 T ! MO/ EM95T M5 :O H "E LIV$ H
LEFT NO (FSPR+ 69H]IT _! GRT 9TELLECT4
,MR4 ,GALTON SAYS1 8,I REGRET ,I AM UNA#
6SOLVE ! SIMPLE "Q :E!R1 & H[ F>1 M5 &
WOM5 :O >E PRODIGIES ( G5IUS >E 9F]TILE4
,I H1 H["E1 %EWN T M5 ( EM9;E >E 0NO
M1NS S48 99 ,GRT LAWGIV]S1 ! F.D]S (
2NEFIC5T RELIGIONS1 GRT PHILOSOPH]S &
4COV]]S 9 SCI;E1 AID ! PROGRESS ( MANK9D
9 A F> HI<] DEGREE 0_! "WS ?AN 0L1V+ A
NUM]\S PROG5Y4 ,9 ! CASE ( CORPOR1L
/RUCTURES1 X IS ! SELEC;N (! SLI<TLY
BETT]-5D[$ &! ELIM9,N (! SLI<TLY LESS
WELL-5D[$ 9DIVIDUALS1 & N ! PRES]V,N (
/R;GLY-M>K$ & R>E ANOMALIES1 T L1DS 6!
ADV.E;T (A SPECIES4 99 7#B7 ,S X W 2 )!
9TELLECTUAL FACULTIES1 S9CE ! "S:AT A#R
M5 9 EA* GRADE ( SOCIETY SU3E$ R BETT]
?AN ! LESS A#1 & 3SEQU5TLY 9CR1SE 9
NUMB]1 IF N O!RWISE PREV5T$4 ,:5 9 ANY
N,N ! /&>D ( 9TELLECT &! NUMB] (
9TELLECTUAL M5 H 9CR1S$1 WE MAY EXPECT F
! LAW (! DEVI,N F AN AV]AGE1 T PRODIGIES
( G5IUS W1 Z %EWN 0,MR4 ,GALTON1 APPE>
"S:AT M FREQU5TLY ?AN 2F4
      --,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS1 #AHGJ1 P4 #CCJ4
      997#B7 ,ORIG9 ( ,SPECIES47,,OOS7
      ,9 REG>D 6! MORAL QUALITIES1 "S
    ELIM9,N (! WOR/ 4POSI;NS IS ALW 9
    PROGRESS EV5 9 ! MO/ CIVILIS$ N,NS4
    ,MALEFACTORS >E EXECUT$1 OR
    IMPRISON$ = L;G P]IODS1 S T !Y _C
    FREELY TRANSMIT _! BAD QUALITIES4
    ,MELAN*OLIC & 9SANE P]SONS >E 3F9$1
    OR -MIT SUICIDE4 ,VIOL5T & QU>REL"S
    M5 (T5 -E 6A BLOODY 5D4 ,! RE/.S :O
    W N FOLL[ ANY /1DY O3UP,N- & ? RELIC
    ( B>B>ISM IS A GRT *ECK 6CIVILIS,N
    99--EMIGRATE 6NEWLY-SETTL$ C.TRIES2
    ": !Y PROVE USE;L PIONE]S4 ,9TEMP].E
    IS S HI<LY DE/RUCTIVE1 T ! EXPECT,N
    ( LIFE (! 9TEMP]ATE1 AT ! AGE (
    ?IRTY = 9/.E1 IS ONLY #AC.H YE>S2
    :IL/ =! RURAL LAB\R]S ( ,5GL& AT !
    SAME AGE X IS #DJ.EI YE>S4 99 7#B7
    ,PR(LIGATE WOM5 BE> FEW *N1 &
    PR(LIGATE M5 R>ELY M>RY2 BO? SU6] F
    41SE4 ,9 ! BRE$+ ( DOME/IC ANIMALS1
    ! ELIM9,N ( ^? 9DIVIDUALS1 ?\< FEW 9
    NUMB]1 : >E 9 ANY M>K$ MANN] 9F]IOR1
    IS 0NO M1NS AN UNIMPORTANT ELE;T
    T[>DS SU3ESS4 ,? ESPECI,Y HOLDS GD )
    9JURI\S "*S : T5D 6REAPPE> "?
    REV].N1 S* Z BLACK;S 9 %EEP2 &)
    MANK9D "S (! WOR/ 4POSI;NS1 :
    O3A.N,Y )\T ANY ASSIGNA# CAUSE MAKE
    _! APPE>.E 9 FAMILIES1 MAY P]H 2
    REV].NS 6A SAVAGE /ATE1 F : WE >E N
    REMOV$ 0V _M G5],NS4 ,? VIEW SEEMS
    9DE$ RECOGNIS$ 9 ! -MON EXPRES.N T
    S* M5 >E ! BLACK %EEP (! FAMILY4
      --,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS1 #AHGJ1 P4 #CDG4
      997#B7 ;,E ,RAY ,LANKE/]1
    ,-P>ATIVE ,L;GEV;Y1 #AHGJ1 P4 #AAE4
    ,! TA# (! 9TEMP]ATE IS F ,NEISON'S
    ,VITAL ,/ATI/ICS4 ,9 REG>D
    6PR(LIGACY1 SEE ,DR4 ,F>R1 8,9FLU;E
    ( ,M>RIAGE ON ,MORTAL;Y10 ,NAT4
    ,ASSOC4 =! ,PROMO;N ( ,SOCIAL
    ,SCI;E1 #AHEH4
  ,) CIVILIS$ N,NS1 Z F> Z AN ADV.ED
/&>D ( MORAL;Y1 & AN 9CR1S$ NUMB] (
FAIRLY GD M5 >E 3C]N$1 NATURAL SELEC;N
APP>5TLY E6ECTS B LL2 ?\< ! FUNDA;TAL
SOCIAL 9/9CTS 7 ORIG9,Y ?US GA9$4 ,B ,I
H ALR SD 5\<1 :IL/ TR1T+ (! L[] RACES1
ON ! CAUSES : L1D 6! ADV.E ( MORAL;Y1
"NLY1 ! APPROB,N ( \R FELL[-M5- !
/R5G!N+ ( \R SYMPA?IES 0HABIT- EXAMPLE &
IMIT,N- R1SON- EXP]I;E1 & EV5 SELF-
9T]E/- 9/RUC;N DUR+ Y\?1 & RELIGI\S
FEEL+S4
  ,A MO/ IMPORTANT OB/ACLE 9 CIVILIS$
C.TRIES 6AN 9CR1SE 9 ! NUMB] ( M5 (A
SUP]IOR CLASS HAS BE5 /R;GLY 9SI/$ ON
0,MR4 ,GREG & ,MR4 ,GALTON1 99 "NLY1 !
FACT T ! V POOR & RECK.S1 :O >E (T5
DEGRAD$ 0VICE1 ALM 9V>IABLY M>RY E>LY1
:IL/ ! C>E;L & FRUGAL1 :O >E G5],Y
O!RWISE VIRTU\S1 M>RY LATE 9 LIFE1 S T
!Y MAY 2 A# 6SUPPORT !MVS & _! *N 9 -=T4
,^? :O M>RY E>LY PRODUCE )9 A GIV5 P]IOD
N ONLY A GRT] NUMB] ( G5],NS1 B1 Z %EWN
0,DR4 ,DUNCAN1 99 7#B7 !Y PRODUCE _M M
*N4 ,! *N1 MOREOV]1 T >E BORNE 0"MS DUR+
! PRIME ( LIFE >E H1VI] & L>G]1 & "!=E
PROBABLY M VIGOR\S1 ?AN ^? BORN AT O!R
P]IODS4 ,?US ! RECK.S1 DEGRAD$1 & (T5
VICI\S MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 T5D 69CR1SE AT
A QK] RATE ?AN ! PROVID5T & G5],Y
VIRTU\S MEMB]S4 ,OR Z ,MR4 ,GREG PUTS !
CASE3 8,! C>E.S1 SQUALID1 UNASPIR+
,IRI%MAN MULTIPLIES L RA2ITS3 ! FRUGAL1
=ESEE+1 SELF-RESPECT+1 AMBITI\S ,SCOT1
/]N 9 8 MORAL;Y1 _SUAL 9 8 FAI?1
SAGACI\S & 4CIPL9$ 9 8 9TELLIG;E1 PASSES
8 BE/ YE>S 9 /RU7LE & 9 CELIBACY1 M>RIES
LATE1 & L1VES FEW 2H HM4 ,GIV5 A L&
ORIG9,Y PEOPL$ 0A ?\S& ,SAXONS &A ?\S&
,CELTS- & 9 A DOZ5 G5],NS FIVE-SIX?S (!
POPUL,N WD 2 ,CELTS1 B FIVE-SIX?S (!
PROP]TY1 (! P[]1 (! 9TELLECT1 WD 2L;G 6!
"O-SIX? ( ,SAXONS T REMA9$4 ,9 ! ET]NAL
,8/RU7LE = EXI/;E10' X WD 2 ! 9F]IOR &
LESS FAV\R$ RACE T _H PREVAIL$- &
PREVAIL$ 0VIRTUE N ( XS GD QUALITIES B (
XS FAULTS40
      --,FRAS]'S ,MAGAZ9E1 ,SEPT41
    #AHFH1 P4 #CEC4 ,MACMILLAN'S
    ,MAGAZ9E1 ,AUG41 #AHFE1 P4 #CAH4 ,!
    ,REV4 ,F4 ,W4 ,F>R> 7,FRAS]'S
    ,MAGAZ9E1 ,AUG41 #AHGJ1 P4 #BFD7
    TAKES A DI6]5T VIEW4
      997#B7 8,ON ! ,LAWS (! ,F]TIL;Y (
    ,WOM510 9 ,TRANSAC;NS (! ,ROYAL
    ,SOCIETY1 ,$9BUR<1 VOL4 ;XXIV41 P4
    #BHG2 N[ PUBLI%$ SEP>ATELY "U !
    TITLE ( ,FECUND;Y1 ,F]TIL;Y1 &
    ,/]IL;Y1 #AHGA4 ,SEE1 AL1 ,MR4
    ,GALTON1 ,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS PP4 #CEB-
    #CEG1 = OBS]V,NS 6! ABV E6ECT4
      ,"! >E1 H["E1 "S *ECKS 6? D[NW>D
    T5D5CY4 ,WE H SE5 T ! 9TEMP]ATE SU6]
    F A HI< RATE ( MORTAL;Y1 &!
    EXTREMELY PR(LIGATE L1VE FEW (FSPR+4
    ,! POORE/ CLASSES CR[D 96T[NS1 & X
    HAS BE5 PROV$ 0,DR4 ,/>K F !
    /ATI/ICS ( T5 YE>S 9 ,SCOTL&1 99 T
    AT ALL AGES ! D1?-RATE IS HI<] 9
    T[NS ?AN 9 RURAL 4TRICTS1 8& DUR+ !
    F/ FIVE YE>S ( LIFE ! T[N D1?-RATE
    IS ALM EXACTLY D\# T (! RURAL
    4TRICTS40 ,Z ^! RETURNS 9CLUDE BO? !
    RI* &! POOR1 NO D\BT M ?AN TWICE !
    NUMB] ( BIR?S WD 2 REQUISITE 6KEEP
    UP ! NUMB] (! V POOR 9HABITANTS 9 !
    T[NS1 RELATIVELY 6^? 9 ! C.TRY4 ,)
    WOM51 M>RIAGE AT TOO E>LY AN AGE IS
    HI<LY 9JURI\S2 = X HAS BE5 F.D 9
    ,FR.E T1 8,TWICE Z _M WIVES "U TW5TY
    DIE 9 ! YE>1 Z DI$ \ (! SAME NUMB] (
    ! UNM>RI$40 ,! MORTAL;Y1 AL1 (
    HUSB&S "U TW5TY IS 8EXCESSIVELY
    HI<18 997#B7 B :AT ! CAUSE ( ? MAY
    BE1 SEEMS D\BT;L4 ,LA/LY1 IF ! M5 :O
    PRUD5TLY DELAY M>RY+ UNTIL !Y C BR+
    UP _! FAMILIES 9 -=T1 7 6SELECT1 Z
    !Y (T5 D1 WOM5 9 ! PRIME ( LIFE1 !
    RATE ( 9CR1SE 9 ! BETT] CLASS WD 2
    ONLY SLI<TLY LESS5$4
      --,T5? ,ANNUAL ,REPORT ( ,BIR?S1
    ,D1?S1 &C41 9 ,SCOTL&1 #AHFG1 P4
    ;XXIX4
      997#B7 ,^! QUOT,NS >E TAK5 F \R
    HI<E/ AU?OR;Y ON S* "QS1 "NLY1 ,DR4
    ,F>R1 9 8 PAP] 8,ON ! ,9FLU;E (
    ,M>RIAGE ON ! ,MORTAL;Y (! ,FR5*
    ,P10 R1D 2F ! ,NAT4 ,ASSOC4 =!
    ,PROMO;N ( ,SOCIAL ,SCI;E1 #AHEH4
  ,X 0 E/ABLI%$ F AN ENORM\S BODY (
/ATI/ICS1 TAK5 DUR+ #AHEC1 T ! UNM>RI$
M5 "?\T ,FR.E1 2T ! AGES ( TW5TY &
EI<TY1 DIE 9 A M* L>G] PROPOR;N ?AN !
M>RI$3 = 9/.E1 \ ( E #AJJJ UNM>RI$ M51
2T ! AGES ( TW5TY & ?IRTY1 #AA.C ANNU,Y
DI$1 :IL/ (! M>RI$1 ONLY #F.E DI$4 99 ,A
SIMIL> LAW 0 PROV$ 6HOLD GD1 DUR+ ! YE>S
#AHFC & #AHFD1 )! 5TIRE POPUL,N ABV !
AGE ( TW5TY 9 ,SCOTL&3 = 9/.E1 \ ( E
#AJJJ UNM>RI$ M51 2T ! AGES ( TW5TY &
?IRTY1 #AD.IG ANNU,Y DI$1 :IL/ (! M>RI$
ONLY #G.BD DI$1 T IS LESS ?AN HALF4 99
7#B7 ,DR4 ,/>K REM>KS ON ?1
8,BA*ELORHOOD IS M DE/RUCTIVE 6LIFE ?AN
! MO/ UN:OLE"S TRADES1 OR ?AN RESID;E 9
AN UN:OLE"S H\SE OR 4TRICT ": "! HAS N"E
BE5 ! MO/ 4TANT ATTEMPT AT SANIT>Y
IMPROVE;T40 ,HE 3SID]S T ! LESS5$
MORTAL;Y IS ! DIRECT RESULT ( 8M>RIAGE1
&! M REGUL> DOME/IC HABITS : ATT5D T
/ATE40 ,HE ADMITS1 H["E1 T ! 9TEMP]ATE1
PR(LIGATE1 & CRIM9AL CLASSES1 ^: DUR,N (
LIFE IS L[1 D N -MONLY M>RY2 & X M/
LIKEWISE 2 ADMITT$ T M5 )A W1K 3/ITU;N1
ILL H1L?1 OR ANY GRT 9FIRM;Y 9 BODY OR
M9D1 W (T5 N WI% 6M>RY1 OR W 2 REJECT$4
,DR4 ,/>K SEEMS 6H -E 6! 3CLU.N T
M>RIAGE 9 XF IS A MA9 CAUSE ( PROL;G$
LIFE1 F F9D+ T AG$ M>RI$ M5 / H A
3SID]A# ADVANTAGE 9 ? RESPECT OV] !
UNM>RI$ (! SAME ADV.ED AGE2 B E "O M/ H
"KN 9/.ES ( M51 :O ) W1K H1L? DUR+ Y\?
DID N M>RY1 & YET H SURVIV$ 6OLD AGE1
?\< REMA9+ W1K1 & "!=E )A LESS5$ *.E (
LIFE OR ( M>RY+4 ,"! IS ANO!R REM>KA#
CIRCUM/.E : SEEMS 6SUPPORT ,DR4 ,/>K'S
3CLU.N1 "NLY1 T WID[S & WID[]S 9 ,FR.E
SU6] 9 -P>ISON )! M>RI$ A V H1VY RATE (
MORTAL;Y2 B ,DR4 ,F>R ATTRIBUTES ? 6!
POV]TY & EVIL HABITS 3SEQU5T ON ! 4RUP;N
(! FAMILY1 & 6GRIEF4 ,ON ! :OLE WE MAY
3CLUDE ) ,DR4 ,F>R T ! LESS] MORTAL;Y (
M>RI$ ?AN ( UNM>RI$ M51 : SEEMS 6BE A
G5]AL LAW1 8IS MA9LY DUE 6! 3/ANT
ELIM9,N ( IMP]FECT TYPES1 & 6! SKIL;L
SELEC;N (! F9E/ 9DIVIDUALS \ ( EA*
SU3ESSIVE G5],N02 ! SELEC;N RELAT+ ONLY
6! M>RIAGE /ATE1 & ACT+ ON ALL CORPOR1L1
9TELLECTUAL1 & MORAL QUALITIES4 99 7#C7
,WE MAY1 "!=E1 9F] T S.D & GD M5 :O \ (
PRUD;E REMA9 =A "T UNM>RI$1 D N SU6] A
HI< RATE ( MORTAL;Y4
      --,DR4 ,F>R1 IBID4 ,! QUOT,NS GIV5
    2L >E EXTRACT$ F ! SAME /RIK+ PAP]4
      997#B7 ,I H TAK5 ! M1N (!
    QU9QU5NIAL M1NS1 GIV5 9 ! ,T5?
    ,ANNUAL ,REPORT ( ,BIR?S1 ,D1?S1
    &C41 9 ,SCOTL&1 #AHFG4 ,! QUOT,N F
    ,DR4 ,/>K IS COPI$ F AN >TICLE 9 !
    ,DAILY ,NEWS1 ,OCT4 #AG1 #AHFH4 :
    ,DR4 ,F>R 3SID]S V C>E;LLY WRITT54
      997#C7 ,DR4 ,DUNCAN REM>KS
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