,BOOK ,,II #A ,( PRO#MS "S >E UNIV]SAL1 O!RS "PICUL>4 ,UNIV]SAL PRO#MS >E S* Z ,8,E PL1SURE IS GD0' & ,8,NO PL1SURE IS GD0'2 "PICUL> PRO#MS >E S* Z ,8,"S PL1SURE IS GD0' & ,8,"S PL1SURE IS N GD0'4 ,! ME?ODS ( E/ABLI%+ & OV]?R[+ A VIEW UNIV]S,Y >E -MON 6BO? K9DS ( PRO#MS2 = :5 WE H %[N T A PR$ICATE 2L;GS 9 E CASE1 WE % AL H %[N T X 2L;GS 9 "S CASES4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IF WE %[ T X DOES N 2L;G 9 ANY CASE1 WE % AL H %[N T X DOES N 2L;G 9 E CASE4 ,F/1 !N1 WE M/ SP1K (! ME?ODS ( OV]?R[+ A VIEW UNIV]S,Y1 2C S* >E -MON 6BO? UNIV]SAL & "PICUL> PRO#MS1 & 2C P M USU,Y 9TRODUCE !SES ASS]T+ A PR$ICATE ?AN D5Y+ X1 :ILE ^? :O >GUE ) !M OV]?R[ X4 ,! 3V].N ( AN APPROPRIATE "N : IS DRAWN F ! ELE;T ,8A3ID5T0' IS AN EXTREMELY PREC>I\S ?+2 = 9 ! CASE ( A3ID5TS & 9 NO O!R X IS POSSI# = "S?+ 6BE TRUE 3DI;N,Y & N UNIV]S,Y4 ,"NS DRAWN F ! ELE;TS ,8DEF9I;N0' & ,8PROP]TY0' & ,8G5US0' >E B.D 6BE 3V]TI#2 E4G4 IF ,86BE AN ANIMAL T WALKS ON TWO FEET IS AN ATTRIBUTE ( ,S0'1 !N X W 2 TRUE 03V].N 6SAY T ',S IS AN ANIMAL T WALKS ON TWO FEET0'4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IF DRAWN F ! G5US2 = IF ,86BE AN ANIMAL IS AN ATTRIBUTE ( ,S0'1 !N ',S IS AN ANIMAL0'4 ,! SAME IS TRUE AL 9 ! CASE (A PROP]TY2 = IF ,86BE CAPA# ( LE>N+ GRAMM> IS AN ATTRIBUTE ( ,S0'1 !N ',S W 2 CAPA# ( LE>N+ GRAMM>0'4 ,= N"O ( ^! ATTRIBUTES C POSSIBLY 2L;G OR N 2L;G 9 "P2 !Y M/ EI 2L;G OR N 2L;G ABSOLUTELY4 ,9 ! CASE ( A3ID5TS1 ON ! O!R H&1 "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T AN ATTRIBUTE 7E4G4 :ITE;S OR JU/ICE7 2L;G+ 9 "P1 S T X IS N 5 6%[ T :ITE;S OR JU/ICE IS AN ATTRIBUTE (A MAN 9 ORD] 6%[ T HE IS :ITE OR J2 = X IS OP5 64PUTE X & SAY T HE IS :ITE OR J 9 "P ONLY4 ,3V].N1 !N1 IS N A NEC PROCESS 9 ! CASE ( A3ID5TS4 ,WE M/ AL DEF9E ! ]RORS T O3UR 9 PRO#MS4 ,!Y >E ( TWO K9DS1 CAUS$ EI 0FALSE /ATE;T OR 0TRANSGRES.N (! E/ABLI%$ DIC;N4 ,= ^? :O MAKE FALSE /ATE;TS1 & SAY T AN ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS 6?+ : DOES N 2L;G 6X1 -MIT ]ROR2 & ^? :O CALL OBJECTS 0! "NS ( O!R OBJECTS 7E4G4 CALL+ A PLANETREE A ,8MAN0'7 TRANSGRESS ! E/ABLI%$ T]M9OLOGY4 #B ,N[ "O -MONPLACE RULE IS 6LOOK & SEE IF A MAN HAS ASCRIB$ Z AN A3ID5T :AT 2L;GS 9 "S O!R WAY4 ,? MISTAKE IS MO/ -MONLY MADE 9 REG>D 6! G5]A ( ?+S1 E4G4 IF "O 7 6SAY T :ITE HAPP5S 7A3IDIT7 6BE A COL\R-= 2+ A COL\R DOES N HAPP5 0A3ID5T 6:ITE1 B COL\R IS XS G5US4 ,! ASS]TOR MAY ( C\RSE DEF9E X S 9 S _M ^WS1 SAY+ 7E4G47 T ,8,JU/ICE HAPP5S 7A3IDIT7 6BE A VIRTUE0'2 B (T5 EV5 )\T S* DEF9I;N X IS OBVI\S T HE HAS R5D]$ ! G5US Z AN A3ID5T2 E4G4 SUPPOSE T "O 7 6SAY T :ITE;S IS COL\R$ OR T WALK+ IS 9 MO;N4 ,=A PR$ICATE DRAWN F ! G5US IS N"E ASCRIB$ 6! SPECIES 9 AN 9FLECT$ =M1 B ALW ! G5]A >E PR$ICAT$ ( _! SPECIES LIT],Y2 =! SPECIES TAKE ON BO? ! "N &! DEF9I;N ( _! G5]A4 ,A MAN "!=E :O SAYS T :ITE IS ,8COL\R$0' HAS N R5D]$ ,8COL\R$0' Z XS G5US1 SEE+ T HE HAS US$ AN 9FLECT$ =M1 NOR YET Z XS PROP]TY OR Z XS DEF9I;N3 =! DEF9I;N & PROP]TY (A ?+ 2L;G 6X & 6NO?+ ELSE1 ":AS _M ?+S 2SS :ITE >E COL\R$1 E4G4 A LOG1 A /"O1 A MAN1 &A HORSE4 ,CLE>LY !N HE R5D]S X Z AN A3ID5T4 ,ANO!R RULE IS 6EXAM9E ALL CASES ": A PR$ICATE HAS BE5 EI ASS]T$ OR D5I$ UNIV]S,Y 62L;G 6"S?+4 ,LOOK AT !M SPECIES 0SPECIES1 & N 9 _! 9F9ITE MULTITUDE3 = !N ! 9QUIRY W PROCE$ M DIRECTLY & 9 FEW] /EPS4 ,Y %D LOOK & 2G9 )! MO/ PRIM>Y GR\PS1 & !N PROCE$ 9 ORD] D[N 6^? T >E N FUR!R DIVISI#3 E4G4 IF A MAN HAS SD T ! K ( OPPOSITES IS ! SAME1 Y %D LOOK & SEE :E!R X 2 S ( RELATIVE OPPOSITES &( 3TR>IES &( T]MS SIGNIFY+ ! PRIV,N OR PRES;E ( C]TA9 /ATES1 &( 3TRADICTORY T]MS4 ,!N1 IF NO CLE> RESULT 2 R1*$ S F> 9 ^! CASES1 Y %D AG DIVIDE ^! UNTIL Y -E 6^? T >E N FUR!R DIVISI#1 & SEE 7E4G47 :E!R X 2 S ( J DE$S & UNJU/1 OR (! D\# &! HALF1 OR ( BL;S & SIS 6HOLD 9 ALL OR 9 A L>GE NUMB] ( CASES1 WE MAY !N CLAIM T ! O!R %D ACTU,Y ASS]T X UNIV]S,Y1 OR ELSE BR+ A NEGATIVE 9/.E 6%[ 9 :AT CASE X IS N S3 = IF HE DOES NEI ( ^! ?+S1 A REFUSAL 6ASS]T X W MAKE HM LOOK ABSURD4 ,ANO!R RULE IS 6MAKE DEF9I;NS BO? ( AN A3ID5T &( XS SUBJECT1 EI ( BO? SEP>ATELY OR ELSE ( "O ( !M1 & !N LOOK & SEE IF ANY?+ UNTRUE HAS BE5 ASSUM$ Z TRUE 9 ! DEF9I;NS4 ,?US 7E4G47 6SEE IF X IS POSSI# 6WR;G A GOD1 ASK :AT IS ,86WR;G0'8 ,= IF X 2 ,869JURE DELIB]ATELY0'1 CLE>LY X IS N POSSI# =A GOD 6BE WR;G$3 = X IS IMPOSSI# T ,GOD %D 2 9JUR$4 ,AG1 6SEE IF ! GD MAN IS J1L\S1 ASK :O IS ! ,8J1L\S0' MAN & :AT IS ,8J1L\SY0'4 ,= IF ,8J1L\SY0' IS PA9 AT ! APP>5T SU3ESS ( "S WELL-2HAV$ P]SON1 CLE>LY ! GD MAN IS N J1L\S3 = !N HE WD 2 BAD4 ,AG1 6SEE IF ! 9DIGNANT MAN IS J1L\S1 ASK :O EA* ( !M IS3 = !N X W 2 OBVI\S :E!R ! /ATE;T IS TRUE OR FALSE2 E4G4 IF HE IS ,8J1L\S0' :O GRIEVES AT ! SU3ESSES (! GD1 & HE IS ,89DIGNANT0' :O GRIEVES AT ! SU3ESSES (! EVIL1 !N CLE>LY ! 9DIGNANT MAN WD N 2 J1L\S4 ,A MAN %D SUB/ITUTE DEF9I;NS AL =! T]MS 3TA9$ 9 8 DEF9I;NS1 & N /OP UNTIL HE -ES 6A FAMILI> T]M3 = (T5 IF ! DEF9I;N 2 R5D]$ :OLE1 ! PO9T AT ISSUE IS N CLE>$ UP1 ":AS IF = "O (! T]MS US$ 9 ! DEF9I;N A DEF9I;N 2 /AT$1 X 2COMES OBVI\S4 ,MOREOV]1 A MAN %D MAKE ! PRO#M 96A PROPOSI;N = HMF1 & !N BR+ A NEGATIVE 9/.E AG/ X3 =! NEGATIVE 9/.E W 2 A GR.D ( ATTACK ^U ! ASS];N4 ,? RULE IS V NE>LY ! SAME Z ! RULE 6LOOK 96CASES ": A PR$ICATE HAS BE5 ATTRIBUT$ OR D5I$ UNIV]S,Y3 B X DI6]S 9 ! TURN (! >GU;T4 ,MOREOV]1 Y %D DEF9E :AT K9D ( ?+S %D 2 CALL$ Z MO/ M5 CALL !M1 & :AT %D N4 ,= ? IS USE;L BO? = E/ABLI%+ &= OV]?R[+ A VIEW3 E4G4 Y %D SAY T WE "\ 6USE \R T]MS 6M1N ! SAME ?+S Z MO/ P M1N 0!M1 B :5 WE ASK :AT K9D ( ?+S >E OR >E N ( S* & S* A K9D1 WE %D N "H G )! MULTITUDE3 E4G4 X IS "R 6CALL ,8H1L?Y0' :AT"E T5DS 6PRODUCE H1L?1 Z D MO/ M53 B 9 SAY+ :E!R ! OBJECT 2F U T5DS 6PRODUCE H1L? OR N1 WE %D ADOPT ! LANGUAGE NO L;G] (! MULTITUDE B (! DOCTOR4 #C ,MOREOV]1 IF A T]M 2 US$ 9 S"EAL S5SES1 & X HAS BE5 LAID D[N T X IS OR T X IS N AN ATTRIBUTE ( ;,S1 Y %D %[ YR CASE ( "O ( XS S"EAL S5SES1 IF Y _C %[ X ( BO?4 ,? RULE IS 6BE OBS]V$ 9 CASES ": ! DI6];E ( M1N+ IS UNDETECT$2 = SUPPOS+ ? 6BE OBVI\S1 !N ! O!R MAN W OBJECT T ! PO9T : HE HMF "Q$ HAS N BE5 4CUSS$1 B ONLY ! O!R PO9T4 ,? -MONPLACE RULE IS 3V]TI# = PURPOSES BO? ( E/ABLI%+ &( OV]?R[+ A VIEW4 ,= IF WE WANT 6E/ABLI% A /ATE;T1 WE % %[ T 9 "O S5SE ! ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS1 IF WE _C %[ X ( BO? S5SES3 ":AS IF WE >E OV]?R[+ A /ATE;T1 WE % %[ T 9 "O S5SE ! ATTRIBUTE DOES N 2L;G1 IF WE _C %[ X ( BO? S5SES4 ,( C\RSE1 9 OV]?R[+ A /ATE;T "! IS NO NE$ 6/>T ! 4CUS.N 0SECUR+ ANY ADMIS.N1 EI :5 ! /ATE;T ASS]TS OR :5 X D5IES ! ATTRIBUTE UNIV]S,Y3 = IF WE %[ T 9 ANY CASE :AT"E ! ATTRIBUTE DOES N 2L;G1 WE % H DEMOLI%$ ! UNIV]SAL ASS];N ( X1 & LIKEWISE AL IF WE %[ T X 2L;GS 9 A S+LE CASE1 WE % DEMOLI% ! UNIV]SAL D5IAL ( X4 ,":AS 9 E/ABLI%+ A /ATE;T WE "\ 6SECURE A PRELIM9>Y ADMIS.N T IF X 2L;GS 9 ANY CASE :AT"E1 X 2L;GS UNIV]S,Y1 SUPPOS+ ? CLAIM 6BE A PLAUSI# "O4 ,= X IS N 5 64CUSS A S+LE 9/.E 9 ORD] 6%[ T AN ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS UNIV]S,Y2 E4G4 6>GUE T IF ! S\L ( MAN 2 IMMORTAL1 !N E S\L IS IMMORTAL1 S T A PREVI\S ADMIS.N M/ 2 SECUR$ T IF ANY S\L :AT"E 2 IMMORTAL1 !N E S\L IS IMMORTAL4 ,? IS N 6BE D"O 9 E CASE1 B ONLY :5"E WE >E N EASILY A# 6QUOTE ANY S+LE >GU;T APPLY+ 6ALL CASES 9 -MON1 Z 7E4G47 ! GEOMETRICIAN C >GUE T ! TRIANGLE HAS XS ANGLES EQUAL 6TWO "R ANGLES4 ,IF1 AG1 ! V>IETY ( M1N+S (A T]M 2 OBVI\S1 4T+UI% H[ _M M1N+S X HAS 2F PROCE$+ EI 6DEMOLI% OR 6E/ABLI% X3 E4G4 SUPPOS+ ,8! "R0' 6M1N ,8! EXP$I5T0' OR ,8! HON\RA#0'1 Y %D TRY EI 6E/ABLI% OR 6DEMOLI% BO? DESCRIP;NS (! SUBJECT 9 "Q2 E4G4 0%[+ T X IS HON\RA# & EXP$I5T1 OR T X IS NEI HON\RA# NOR EXP$I5T4 ,SUPPOS+1 H["E1 T X IS IMPOSSI# 6%[ BO?1 Y %D %[ ! "O1 A4+ AN 9DIC,N T X IS TRUE 9 ! "O S5SE & N 9 ! O!R4 ,! SAME RULE APPLIES AL :5 ! NUMB] ( S5SES 96: X IS DIVID$ IS M ?AN TWO4 ,AG1 3SID] ^? EXPRES.NS ^: M1N+S >E _M1 B DI6] N 0WAY ( AMBIGU;Y (A T]M1 B 9 "S O!R WAY3 E4G4 ,8,! SCI;E ( _M ?+S IS "O0'3 "H ,8_M ?+S0' MAY M1N ! 5D &! M1NS 6T 5D1 Z 7E4G47 M$IC9E IS ! SCI;E BO? ( PRODUC+ H1L? &( DIET+2 OR !Y MAY 2 BO? ( !M 5DS1 Z ! SCI;E ( 3TR>IES IS SD 6BE ! SAME 7=( 3TR>IES ! "O IS NO M AN 5D ?AN ! O!R72 OR AG !Y MAY 2 AN ESS5TIAL & AN A3ID5TAL ATTRIBUTE1 Z 7E4G47 ! ESS5TIAL FACT T ! TRIANGLE HAS XS ANGLES EQUAL 6TWO "R ANGLES1 &! A3ID5TAL FACT T ! EQUILAT]AL FIGURE HAS !M S3 = X IS 2C (! A3ID5T (! EQUILAT]AL TRIANGLE HAPP5+ 6BE A TRIANGLE T WE "K T X HAS XS ANGLES EQUAL 6TWO "R ANGLES4 ,IF1 !N1 X IS N POSSI# 9 ANY S5SE (! T]M T ! SCI;E ( _M ?+S %D 2 ! SAME1 X CLE>LY IS ALT IMPOSSI# T X %D 2 S2 OR1 IF X IS POSSI# 9 "S S5SE1 !N CLE>LY X IS POSSI#4 ,4T+UI% Z _M M1N+S Z >E REQUIR$3 E4G4 IF WE WANT 6E/ABLI% A VIEW1 WE %D BR+ =W>D ALL S* M1N+S Z ADMIT T VIEW & %D DIVIDE !M ONLY 96^? M1N+S : AL >E REQUIR$ =! E/ABLI%;T ( \R CASE3 ":AS IF WE WANT 6OV]?R[ A VIEW1 WE %D BR+ =W>D ALL T D N ADMIT T VIEW1 & L1VE ! RE/ ASIDE4 ,WE M/ D1L AL 9 ^! CASES Z WELL ) ANY UNC]TA9TY AB ! NUMB] ( M1N+S 9VOLV$4 ,FUR!R1 T "O ?+ IS1 OR IS N1 ,8(0' ANO!R %D 2 E/ABLI%$ 0M1NS (! SAME -MONPLACE RULES2 E4G4 T A "PICUL> SCI;E IS (A "PICUL> ?+1 TR1T$ EI Z AN 5D OR Z A M1NS 6XS 5D1 OR Z A3ID5T,Y 3NECT$ ) X2 OR AG T X IS N ,8(0' X 9 ANY (! A=ESD WAYS4 ,! SAME RULE HOLDS TRUE AL ( DESIRE & ALL O!R T]MS T H M ?AN "O OBJECT4 ,=! ,8DESIRE ( ,X0' MAY M1N ! DESIRE ( X Z AN 5D 7E4G4 ! DESIRE ( H1L?7 OR Z A M1NS 6AN 5D 7E4G4 ! DESIRE ( 2+ DOCTOR$71 OR Z A ?+ DESIR$ A3ID5T,Y1 Z1 9 ! CASE ( W9E1 ! SWEET-TOO!D P]SON DESIRES X N 2C X IS W9E B 2C X IS SWEET4 ,= ESS5TI,Y HE DESIRES ! SWEET1 & ONLY A3ID5T,Y ! W9E3 = IF X 2 DRY1 HE NO L;G] DESIRES X4 ,8 DESIRE = X IS "!=E A3ID5TAL4 ,? RULE IS USE;L 9 D1L+ ) RELATIVE T]MS3 = CASES ( ? K9D >E G5],Y CASES ( RELATIVE T]MS4 #D ,MOREOV]1 X IS WELL 6ALT] A T]M 96"O M FAMILI>1 E4G4 6SUB/ITUTE ,8CLE>0' = ,8EXACT0' 9 DESCRIB+ A 3CEP;N1 & ,82+ FUSSY0' = ,82+ BUSY0'3 = :5 ! EXPRES.N IS MADE M FAMILI>1 ! !SIS 2COMES EASI] 6ATTACK4 ,? -MONPLACE RULE AL IS AVAILA# = BO? PURPOSES ALIKE1 BO? = E/ABLI%+ &= OV]?R[+ A VIEW4 ,9 ORD] 6%[ T 3TR>Y ATTRIBUTES 2L;G 6! SAME ?+1 LOOK AT XS G5US2 E4G4 IF WE WANT 6%[ T "R;S & WR;G;S >E POSSI# 9 REG>D 6P]CEP;N1 & 6P]CV IS 6JUDGE1 :ILE X IS POSSI# 6JUDGE "RLY OR WR;GLY1 !N 9 REG>D 6P]CEP;N Z WELL "R;S & WR;G;S M/ 2 POSSI#4 ,9 ! PRES5T 9/.E ! PRO( PROCE$S F ! G5US & RELATES 6! SPECIES3 = ,86JUDGE0' IS ! G5US ( ,8TO -P]CV0'2 =! MAN :O P]CVS JUDGES 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 ,B P] 3TRA X MAY PROCE$ F ! SPECIES 6! G5US3 = ALL ! ATTRIBUTES T 2L;G 6! SPECIES 2L;G 6! G5US Z WELL2 E4G4 IF "! IS A BAD &A GD K "! IS AL A BAD &A GD 4POSI;N3 = ,84POSI;N0' IS ! G5US ( K4 ,N[ ! =M] -MONPLACE >GU;T IS FALLACI\S = PURPOSES ( E/ABLI%+ A VIEW1 :ILE ! SECOND IS TRUE4 ,= "! IS NO NECESS;Y T ALL ! ATTRIBUTES T 2L;G 6! G5US %D 2L;G AL 6! SPECIES2 = ,8ANIMAL0' IS FLY+ & QUADRUP$1 B N S ,8MAN0'4 ,ALL ! ATTRIBUTES1 ON ! O!R H&1 T 2L;G 6! SPECIES M/ ( NECESS;Y 2L;G AL 6! G5US2 = IF ,8MAN0' IS GD1 !N ANIMAL AL IS GD4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 = PURPOSES ( OV]?R[+ A VIEW1 ! =M] >GU;T IS TRUE :ILE ! LATT] IS FALLACI\S2 = ALL ! ATTRIBUTES : D N 2L;G 6! G5US D N 2L;G 6! SPECIES EI2 ":AS ALL ^? T >E WANT+ 6! SPECIES >E N ( NECESS;Y WANT+ 6! G5US4 ,S9CE ^? ?+S ( : ! G5US IS PR$ICAT$ M/ AL ( NECESS;Y H "O ( XS SPECIES PR$ICAT$ ( !M1 & S9CE ^? ?+S T >E POSSESS$ (! G5US 9 "Q1 OR >E DESCRIB$ 0T]MS DERIV$ F T G5US1 M/ AL ( NECESS;Y 2 POSSESS$ ( "O ( XS SPECIES OR 2 DESCRIB$ 0T]MS DERIV$ F "O ( XS SPECIES 7E4G4 IF 6ANY?+ ! T]M ,8SCI5TIFIC K0' 2 APPLI$1 !N AL "! W 2 APPLI$ 6X ! T]M ,8GRAMMATICAL0' OR ,8MUSICAL0' K1 OR K ( "O (! O!R SCI;ES2 & IF ANY "O POSSESSES SCI5TIFIC K OR IS DESCRIB$ 0A T]M DERIV$ F ,8SCI;E0'1 !N HE W AL POSSESS GRAMMATICAL OR MUSICAL K OR K ( "O (! O!R SCI;ES1 OR W 2 DESCRIB$ 0A T]M DERIV$ F "O ( !M1 E4G4 Z A ,8GRAMM>IAN0' OR A ,8MUSICIAN0'7-!RE=E IF ANY EXPRES.N 2 ASS]T$ T IS 9 ANY WAY DERIV$ F ! G5US 7E4G4 T ! S\L IS 9 MO;N71 LOOK & SEE :E!R X 2 POSSI# =! S\L 6BE MOV$ ) ANY (! SPECIES ( MO;N2 :E!R 7E4G47 X C GR[ OR 2 DE/ROY$ OR -E 6BE1 & S =? ) ALL ! O!R SPECIES ( MO;N4 ,= IF X 2 N MOV$ 9 ANY ( ^! WAYS1 CLE>LY X DOES N MOVE AT ALL4 ,? -MONPLACE RULE IS -MON = BO? PURPOSES1 BO? = OV]?R[+ &= E/ABLI%+ A VIEW3 = IF ! S\L MOVES ) "O ( ! SPECIES ( MO;N1 CLE>LY X DOES MOVE2 :ILE IF X DOES N MOVE ) ANY (! SPECIES ( MO;N1 CLE>LY X DOES N MOVE4 ,IF Y >E N WELL EQUIPP$ ) AN >GU;T AG/ ! ASS];N1 LOOK AM;G ! DEF9I;NS1 R1L OR APP>5T1 (! ?+ 2F Y1 & IF "O IS N 5\<1 DRAW ^U S"EAL4 ,= X W 2 EASI] 6ATTACK P :5 -MITT$ 6A DEF9I;N3 = AN ATTACK IS ALW M EASILY MADE ON DEF9I;NS4 ,MOREOV]1 LOOK & SEE 9 REG>D 6! ?+ 9 "Q1 :AT X IS ^: R1L;Y 3DI;NS ! R1L;Y (! ?+ 9 "Q1 OR :AT X IS ^: R1L;Y NECESS>ILY FOLL[S IF ! ?+ 9 "Q 2 R1L3 IF Y WI% 6E/ABLI% A VIEW 9QUIRE :AT "! IS ON ^: R1L;Y ! R1L;Y (! ?+ 9 "Q W FOLL[ 7= IF ! =M] 2 %[N 6BE R1L1 !N ! ?+ 9 "Q W AL H BE5 %[N 6BE R1L72 :ILE IF Y WANT 6OV]?R[ A VIEW1 ASK :AT X IS T IS R1L IF ! ?+ 9 "Q 2 R1L1 = IF WE %[ T :AT FOLL[S F ! ?+ 9 "Q IS UNR1L1 WE % H DEMOLI%$ ! ?+ 9 "Q4 ,MOREOV]1 LOOK AT ! "T 9VOLV$1 6SEE IF "! 2 ANY 4CREPANCY ANY":3 E4G4 SUPPOSE A MAN 6H /AT$ T :AT IS 2+ N\RI%$ ( NECESS;Y GR[S3 = ANIMALS >E ALW ( NECESS;Y 2+ N\RI%$1 B !Y D N ALW GR[4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IF HE HAS SD T "K+ IS REMEMB]+3 =! "O IS 3C]N$ ) PA/ "T1 ":AS ! O!R HAS 6D AL )! PRES5T &! FUTURE4 ,= WE >E SD 6"K ?+S PRES5T & FUTURE 7E4G4 T "! W 2 AN ECLIPSE71 ":AS X IS IMPOSSI# 6REMEMB] ANY?+ SAVE :AT IS 9 ! PA/4 #E ,MOREOV]1 "! IS ! SOPHI/IC TURN ( >GU;T1 ":BY WE DRAW \R OPPON5T 96! K9D ( /ATE;T AG/ : WE % 2 WELL SUPPLI$ ) L9ES ( >GU;T4 ,? PROCESS IS "S"TS A R1L NECESS;Y1 "S"TS AN APP>5T NECESS;Y1 "S"TS NEI AN APP>5T NOR A R1L NECESS;Y4 ,X IS RE,Y NEC :5"E ! ANSW]] HAS D5I$ ANY VIEW T WD 2 USE;L 9 ATTACK+ ! !SIS1 &! "Q] "!^U A4RESSES 8 >GU;TS 6! SUPPORT ( ? VIEW1 & :5 MOREOV] ! VIEW 9 "Q HAPP5S 6BE "O (A K9D ON : HE HAS A GD /OCK ( L9ES ( >GU;T4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 X IS RE,Y NEC :5"E HE 7! "Q]7 F/1 0AN 9DUC;N MADE 0M1NS (! VIEW LAID D[N1 >RIVES AT A C]TA9 /ATE;T & !N TRIES 6DEMOLI% T /ATE;T3 = :5 ONCE ? HAS BE5 DEMOLI%$1 ! VIEW ORIG9,Y LAID D[N IS DEMOLI%$ Z WELL4 ,X IS AN APP>5T NECESS;Y1 :5 ! PO9T 6: ! 4CUS.N -ES 6BE DIRECT$ APPE>S 6BE USE;L1 & RELEVANT 6! !SIS1 )\T 2+ RE,Y S2 :E!R X 2 T ! MAN :O IS /&+ UP 6! >GU;T HAS REFUS$ 63C$E "S?+1 OR :E!R HE 7! "Q]7 HAS F/ R1*$ X 0A PLAUSI# 9DUC;N BAS$ ^U ! !SIS & !N TRIES 6DEMOLI% X4 ,! REMA9+ CASE IS :5 ! PO9T 6: ! 4CUS.N -ES 6BE DIRECT$ IS NEI RE,Y NOR APP>5TLY NEC1 & X IS ! ANSW]]'S LUCK 6BE 3FUT$ ON A M]E SIDE ISSUE ,Y %D 2W>E (! LA/ (! A=ESD ME?ODS2 = X APPE>S 6BE :OLLY 4CONNECT$ F1 & =EIGN TO1 ! >T ( DIALECTIC4 ,= ? R1SON1 MOREOV]1 ! ANSW]] %D N LOSE 8 TEMP]1 B ASS5T 6^? /ATE;TS T >E ( NO USE 9 ATTACK+ ! !SIS1 A4+ AN 9DIC,N :5"E HE ASS5TS AL? HE DOES N AGREE )! VIEW4 ,=1 Z A RULE1 X 9CR1SES ! 3FU.N ( "Q]S IF1 AF ALL PROPOSI;NS ( ? K9D H BE5 GRANT$ !M1 !Y C !N DRAW NO 3CLU.N4 ,MOREOV]1 ANY "O :O HAS MADE ANY /ATE;T :AT"E HAS 9 A C]TA9 S5SE MADE S"EAL /ATE;TS1 9ASM* Z EA* /ATE;T HAS A NUMB] ( NEC 3SEQU;ES3 E4G4 ! MAN :O SD ',X IS A MAN0' HAS AL SD T X IS AN ANIMAL & T X IS ANIMATE &A BIP$ & CAPA# ( ACQUIR+ R1SON & K1 S T 0! DEMOLI;N ( ANY S+LE "O ( ^! 3SEQU;ES1 ( :AT"E K9D1 ! ORIG9AL /ATE;T IS DEMOLI%$ Z WELL4 ,B Y %D 2W>E "H TOO ( MAK+ A *ANGE 6A M DI6ICULT SUBJECT3 = "S"TS ! 3SEQU;E1 & "S"TS ! ORIG9AL !SIS1 IS ! EASI] 6DEMOLI%4 #F ,9 REG>D 6SUBJECTS : M/ H "O & "O ONLY ( TWO PR$ICATES1 Z 7E4G47 A MAN M/ H EI A 41SE OR H1L?1 SUPPOS+ WE >E WELL SUPPLI$ Z REG>DS ! "O = >GU+ XS PRES;E OR ABS;E1 WE % 2 WELL EQUIPP$ Z REG>DS ! REMA9+ "O Z WELL4 ,? RULE IS 3V]TI# = BO? PURPOSES3 = :5 WE H %[N T ! "O ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS1 WE % H %[N T ! REMA9+ "O DOES N 2L;G2 :ILE IF WE %[ T ! "O DOES N 2L;G1 WE % H %[N T ! REMA9+ "O DOES 2L;G4 ,CLE>LY !N ! RULE IS USE;L = BO? PURPOSES4 ,MOREOV]1 Y MAY DEVISE A L9E ( ATTACK 0RE9T]PRET+ A T]M 9 XS LIT]AL M1N+1 )! IMPLIC,N T X IS MO/ FITT+ S 6TAKE X R ?AN 9 XS E/ABLI%$ M1N+3 E4G4 ! EXPRES.N ,8/R;G AT HE>T0' W SU7E/ N ! C\RAGE\S MAN1 AC 6! USE N[ E/ABLI%$1 B ! MAN ! /ATE ( ^: HE>T IS /R;G2 J Z AL ! EXPRES.N ,8(A GD HOPE0' MAY 2 TAK5 6M1N ! MAN :O HOPES = GD ?+S4 ,LIKEWISE AL ,8WELL-/>R$0' MAY 2 TAK5 6M1N ! MAN ^: /> IS GD1 Z ,X5OCRATES SAYS ,8WELL-/>R$ IS HE :O HAS A NO# S\L0'40' ,=A MAN'S /> IS 8 S\L4 ,"S ?+S O3UR ( NECESS;Y1 O!RS USU,Y1 O!RS H["E X MAY *.E2 IF "!=E A NEC EV5T HAS BE5 ASS]T$ 6O3UR USU,Y1 OR IF A USUAL EV5T 7OR1 FAIL+ S* AN EV5T XF1 XS 3TR>Y7 HAS BE5 /AT$ 6O3UR ( NECESS;Y1 X ALW GIVES AN OPPORTUN;Y = ATTACK4 ,= IF A NEC EV5T HAS BE5 ASS]T$ 6O3UR USU,Y1 CLE>LY ! SP1K] HAS D5I$ AN ATTRIBUTE 6BE UNIV]SAL : IS UNIV]SAL1 & S HAS MADE A MISTAKE3 & S HE HAS IF HE HAS DCLD ! USUAL ATTRIBUTE 6BE NEC3 = !N HE DCLS X 62L;G UNIV]S,Y :5 X DOES N S 2L;G4 ,LIKEWISE AL IF HE HAS DCLD ! 3TR>Y ( :AT IS USUAL 6BE NEC4 ,=! 3TR>Y (A USUAL ATTRIBUTE IS ALW A -P>ATIVELY R>E ATTRIBUTE3 E4G4 IF M5 >E USU,Y BAD1 !Y >E -P>ATIVELY SELDOM GD1 S T 8 MISTAKE IS EV5 WORSE IF HE HAS DCLD !M 6BE GD ( NECESS;Y4 ,! SAME IS TRUE AL IF HE HAS DCLD A M]E MATT] ( *.E 6HAPP5 ( NECESS;Y OR USU,Y2 =A *.E EV5T HAPP5S NEI ( NECESS;Y NOR USU,Y4 ,IF ! ?+ HAPP5S USU,Y1 !N EV5 SUPPOS+ 8 /ATE;T DOES N 4T+UI% :E!R HE M1NT T X HAPP5S USU,Y OR T X HAPP5S NECESS>ILY1 X IS OP5 6Y 64CUSS X ON ! ASSUMP;N T HE M1NT T X HAPP5S NECESS>ILY3 E4G4 IF HE HAS /AT$ )\T ANY 4T9C;N T 49H]IT$ P]SONS >E BAD1 Y MAY ASSUME 9 4CUSS+ X T HE M1NS T !Y >E S NECESS>ILY4 ,MOREOV]1 LOOK & SEE AL IF HE HAS /AT$ A ?+ 6BE AN A3ID5T ( XF1 TAK+ X 6BE A DI6]5T ?+ 2C X HAS A DI6]5T "N1 Z ,PRODICUS US$ 6DIVIDE PL1SURES 96JOY & DELIE "NS (! SAME ?+1 6WIT1 ,PL1SURE4 ,IF !N ANY "O SAYS T JOY;L;S IS AN A3ID5TAL ATTRIBUTE ( *E];L;S1 HE WD 2 DCLG X 6BE AN A3ID5TAL ATTRIBUTE ( XF4 #G ,9ASM* Z 3TR>IES C 2 3JO9$ ) EA* O!R 9 SIX WAYS1 & F\R ( ^! 3JUNC;NS 3/ITUTE A 3TR>IETY1 WE M/ GRASP ! SUBJECT ( 3TR>IES1 9 ORD] T X MAY HELP U BO? 9 DEMOLI%+ & 9 E/ABLI%+ A VIEW4 ,WELL !N1 T ! MODES ( 3JUNC;N >E SIX IS CLE>3 = EI 7#A7 EA* (! 3TR>Y V]BS W 2 3JO9$ 6EA* (! 3TR>Y OBJECTS2 & ? GIVES TWO MODES3 E4G4 6D GD 6FRS & 6D EVIL 65EMIES1 OR P] 3TRA 6D EVIL 6FRS & 6D GD 65EMIES4 ,OR ELSE 7#B7 BO? V]BS MAY 2 ATTA*$ 6"O OBJECT2 & ? TOO GIVES TWO MODES1 E4G4 6D GD 6FRS & 6D EVIL 6FRS1 OR 6D GD 65EMIES & 6D EVIL 65EMIES4 ,OR 7#C7 A S+LE V]B MAY 2 ATTA*$ 6BO? OBJECTS3 & ? AL GIVES TWO MODES2 E4G4 6D GD 6FRS & 6D GD 65EMIES1 OR 6D EVIL 6FRS & EVIL 65EMIES4 ,! F/ TWO !N (! A=ESD 3JUNC;NS D N 3/ITUTE ANY 3TR>IETY2 =! DO+ ( GD 6FRS IS N 3TR>Y 6! DO+ ( EVIL 65EMIES3 = BO? C\RSES >E DESIRA# & 2L;G 6! SAME 4POSI;N4 ,NOR IS ! DO+ ( EVIL 6FRS 3TR>Y 6! DO+ ( GD 65EMIES3 = BO? ( ^! >E OBJEC;NA# & 2L;G 6! SAME 4POSI;N3 & "O OBJEC;NA# ?+ IS N G5],Y ?"\ 6BE ! 3TR>Y ( ANO!R1 UN.S ! "O 2 AN EXPRES.N DENOT+ AN EXCESS1 &! O!R AN EXPRES.N DENOT+ A DEFECT3 = AN EXCESS IS G5],Y ?"\ 62L;G 6! CLASS ( OBJEC;NA# ?+S1 & LIKEWISE AL A DEFECT4 ,B ! O!R F\R ALL 3/ITUTE A 3TR>IETY4 ,= 6D GD 6FRS IS 3TR>Y 6! DO+ ( EVIL 6FRS3 = X PROCE$S F ! 3TR>Y 4POSI;N1 &! "O IS DESIRA#1 &! O!R OBJEC;NA#4 ,! CASE IS ! SAME AL 9 REG>D 6! O!R 3JUNC;NS3 = 9 EA* -B9,N ! "O C\RSE IS DESIRA#1 &! O!R OBJEC;NA#1 &! "O 2L;GS 6A R1SONA# 4POSI;N &! O!R 6A BAD4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 F :AT HAS BE5 SD1 ! SAME C\RSE HAS M ?AN "O 3TR>Y4 ,=! DO+ ( GD 6FRS HAS Z XS 3TR>Y BO? ! DO+ ( GD 65EMIES &! DO+ ( EVIL 6FRS4 ,LIKEWISE1 IF WE EXAM9E !M 9 ! SAME WAY1 WE % F9D T ! 3TR>IES ( EA* (! O!RS AL >E TWO 9 NUMB]4 ,SELECT "!=E :I*"E (! TWO 3TR>IES IS USE;L 9 ATTACK+ ! !SIS4 ,MOREOV]1 IF ! A3ID5T (A ?+ H A 3TR>Y1 SEE :E!R X 2L;GS 6! SUBJECT 6: ! A3ID5T 9 "Q HAS BE5 DCLD 62L;G3 = IF ! LATT] 2L;GS ! =M] CD N 2L;G2 = X IS IMPOSSI# T 3TR>Y PR$ICATES %D 2L;G AT ! SAME "T 6! SAME ?+4 ,OR AG1 LOOK & SEE IF ANY?+ HAS BE5 SD AB "S?+1 ( S* A K9D T IF X 2 TRUE1 3TR>Y PR$ICATES M/ NECESS>ILY 2L;G 6! ?+3 E4G4 IF HE HAS SD T ! ,8,ID1S0' EXI/ 9 U4 ,= !N ! RESULT W 2 T !Y >E BO? 9 MO;N & AT RE/1 & MOREOV] T !Y >E OBJECTS BO? ( S5S,N &( ?"\4 ,= AC 6! VIEWS ( ^? :O POSIT ! EXI/;E ( ,ID1S1 ^? ,ID1S >E AT RE/ & >E OBJECTS ( ?"\2 :ILE IF !Y EXI/ 9 U1 X IS IMPOSSI# T !Y %D 2 UNMOV$3 = :5 WE MOVE1 X FOLL[S NECESS>ILY T ALL T IS 9 U MOVES ) U Z WELL4 ,CLE>LY AL !Y >E OBJECTS ( S5S,N1 IF !Y EXI/ 9 U3 = X IS "? ! S5S,N ( SIY1 LOOK & SEE IF T : ADMITS (! A3ID5T W ADMIT ( XS 3TR>Y Z WELL3 =! SAME ?+ ADMITS ( 3TR>IES4 ,?US 7E4G47 IF HE HAS ASS]T$ T HATR$ FOLL[S ANG]1 HATR$ WD 9 T CASE 2 9 ! ,8_S$ FACULTY0'3 = T IS ": ANG] IS4 ,Y %D "!=E LOOK & SEE IF XS 3TR>Y1 6WIT1 FR%IP1 2 AL 9 ! ,8_S$ FACULTY0'3 = IF N-IF FR%IP IS 9 ! FACULTY ( DESIRE-!N HATR$ CD N FOLL[ ANG]4 ,LIKEWISE AL IF HE HAS ASS]T$ T ! FACULTY ( DESIRE IS IGNORANT4 ,= IF X 7 CAPA# ( IGNOR.E1 X WD 2 CAPA# ( K Z WELL3 & ? IS N G5],Y HELD-,I M1N T ! FACULTY ( DESIRE IS CAPA# ( K4 ,= PURPOSES1 !N1 ( OV]?R[+ A VIEW1 Z HAS BE5 SD1 ? RULE %D 2 OBS]V$3 B = PURPOSES ( E/ABLI%+ "O1 ?\< ! RULE W N HELP Y 6ASS]T T ! A3ID5T ACTU,Y 2L;GS1 X W HELP Y 6ASS]T T X MAY POSSIBLY 2L;G4 ,= HAV+ %[N T ! ?+ 9 "Q W N ADMIT (! 3TR>Y (! A3ID5T ASS]T$1 WE % H %[N T ! A3ID5T NEI 2L;GS NOR C POSSIBLY 2L;G2 :ILE ON ! O!R H&1 IF WE %[ T ! 3TR>Y 2L;GS1 OR T ! ?+ IS CAPA# (! 3TR>Y1 WE % N 9DE$ Z YET H %[N T ! A3ID5T ASS]T$ DOES 2L;G Z WELL2 \R PRO( W M]ELY H G"O 6? PO9T1 T X IS POSSI# = X 62L;G4 #H ,SEE+ T ! MODES ( OPPOSI;N >E F\R 9 NUMB]1 Y %D LOOK = >GU;TS AM;G ! 3TRADICTORIES ( YR T]MS1 3V]T+ ! ORD] ( _! SEQU;E1 BO? :5 DEMOLI%+ & :5 E/ABLI%+ A VIEW1 & Y %D SECURE !M 0M1NS ( 9DUC;N- S* >GU;TS 7E4G47 Z T MAN 2 AN ANIMAL1 :AT IS N AN ANIMAL IS N A MAN0'3 & LIKEWISE AL 9 O!R 9/.ES ( 3TRADICTORIES4 ,= 9 ^? CASES ! SEQU;E IS 3V]SE3 = ,8ANIMAL0' FOLL[S ^U ,8MAN B ,8N- ANIMAL0' DOES N FOLL[ ^U ,8N-MAN0'1 B 3V]SELY ,8N-MAN0' ^U ,8N-ANIMAL0'4 ,9 ALL CASES1 "!=E1 A PO/ULATE ( ? SORT %D 2 MADE1 7E4G47 T ,8,IF ! HON\RA# IS PL1SANT1 :AT IS N PL1SANT IS N HON\RA#1 :ILE IF ! LATT] 2 UNTRUE1 S IS ! =M]0'4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 ,8,IF :AT IS N PL1SANT 2 N HON\RA#1 !N :AT IS HON\RA# IS PL1SANT0'4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 ! 3V].N (! SEQU;E =M$ 03TRADIC;N (! T]MS (! !SIS IS A ME?OD 3V]TI# = BO? PURPOSES4 ,!N LOOK AL AT ! CASE (! 3TR>IES ( ;,S & ;,P 9 ! !SIS1 & SEE IF ! 3TR>Y (! "O FOLL[S ^U ! 3TR>Y (! O!R1 EI DIRECTLY OR 3V]SELY1 BO? :5 Y >E DEMOLI%+ & :5 Y >E E/ABLI%+ A VIEW3 SECURE >GU;TS ( ? K9D Z WELL 0M1NS ( 9DUC;N1 S F> Z MAY 2 REQUIR$4 ,N[ ! SEQU;E IS DIRECT 9 A CASE S* Z T ( C\RAGE & C[>DICE3 = ^U ! "O ( !M VIRTUE FOLL[S1 & VICE ^U ! O!R2 & ^U ! "O X FOLL[S T X IS DESIRA#1 :ILE ^U ! O!R X FOLL[S T X IS OBJEC;NA#4 ,! SEQU;E1 "!=E1 9 ! LATT] CASE AL IS DIRECT2 =! DESIRA# IS ! 3TR>Y (! OBJEC;NA#4 ,LIKEWISE AL 9 O!R CASES4 ,! SEQU;E IS1 ON ! O!R H&1 3V]SE 9 S* A CASE Z ?3 ,H1L? FOLL[S ^U VIG\R1 B 41SE DOES N FOLL[ ^U DEBIL;Y2 R DEBIL;Y FOLL[S ^U 41SE4 ,9 ? CASE1 !N1 CLE>LY ! SEQU;E IS 3V]SE4 ,3V]SE SEQU;E IS1 H["E1 R>E 9 ! CASE ( 3TR>IES2 USU,Y ! SEQU;E IS DIRECT4 ,IF1 "!=E1 ! 3TR>Y (! "O T]M DOES N FOLL[ ^U ! 3TR>Y (! O!R EI DIRECTLY OR 3V]SELY1 CLE>LY NEI DOES ! "O T]M FOLL[ ^U ! O!R 9 ! /ATE;T MADE3 ":AS IF ! "O FOLL[$ ! O!R 9 ! CASE (! 3TR>IES1 X M/ ( NECESS;Y D S Z WELL 9 ! ORIG9AL /ATE;T4 ,Y %D LOOK AL 96CASES (! PRIV,N OR PRES;E (A /ATE 9 L MANN] 6! CASE ( 3TR>IES4 ,ONLY1 9 ! CASE ( S* PRIV,NS ! 3V]SE SEQU;E DOES N O3UR3 ! SEQU;E IS ALW B.D 6BE DIRECT3 E4G4 Z S5S,N FOLL[S SIY PURPOSE1 E4G4 6%[ T ! OBJECT ( S5S,N IS N AN OBJECT ( K1 ON ! GR.D T NEI IS S5S,N K4 #I ,AG LOOK AT ! CASE (! CO-ORD9ATES & 9FLECT$ =MS (! T]MS 9 ! !SIS1 BO? 9 DEMOLI%+ & 9 E/ABLI%+ X4 ,0CO-ORD9ATES' >E M1NT T]MS S* Z ! FOLL[+3 ,8,J DE$S0' &! ,8J MAN0' >E COORD9ATES ( ,8JU/ICE0'1 & ,8C\RAGE\S DE$S0' &! ,8C\RAGE\S MAN0' >E CO-ORD9ATES ( C\RAGE4 ,LIKEWISE AL ?+S T T5D 6PRODUCE & 6PRES]VE ANY?+ >E CALL$ CO-ORD9ATES ( T : !Y T5D 6PRODUCE & 6PRES]VE1 Z E4G4 ,8H1L?Y HABITS0' >E CO-ORD9ATES ( ,8H1L?0' &A ,8VIGOR\S 3/ITU;NAL0' (A ,8VIGOR\S 3/ITU;N0' & S =? AL 9 O!R CASES4 ,8,CO-ORD9ATE0'1 !N1 USU,Y DESCRIBES CASES S* Z ^!1 ":AS ,89FLECT$ =MS0' >E S* Z ! FOLL[+3 ,8JU/LY0'1 ,8C\RAGE\SLY0'1 ,8H1L?ILY0'1 & S* Z >E =M$ 9 ? WAY4 ,X IS USU,Y HELD T ^WS :5 US$ 9 _! 9FLECT$ =MS Z WELL >E CO-ORD9ATES1 Z 7E4G47 ,8JU/LY0' 9 REL,N 6JU/ICE1 & ,8C\RAGE\SLY0' 6C\RAGE2 & !N ,8CO-ORD9ATE0' DESCRIBES ALL ! MEMB]S (! SAME K9DR$ S]IES1 E4G4 ,8JU/ICE0'1 ,8J0'1 (A MAN OR AN ACT1 ,8JU/LY0'4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 :5 ANY "O MEMB]1 :AT"E XS K9D1 (! SAME K9DR$ S]IES IS %[N 6BE GD OR PRAISEWOR?Y1 !N ALL ! RE/ Z WELL -E 6BE %[N 6BE S3 E4G4 IF ,8JU/ICE0' 2 "S?+ PRAISEWOR?Y1 !N S W ,8J0'1 (A MAN OR ?+1 & ,8JU/LY0' 3NOTE "S?+ PRAISEWOR?Y4 ,!N ,8JU/LY0' W 2 R5D]$ AL ,8PRAISEWOR?ILY0'1 DERIV$ W 0! SAME 9FLEXION F ,8! PRAISEWOR?Y0' ":BY ,8JU/LY0' IS DERIV$ F ,8JU/ICE0'4 ,LOOK N ONLY 9 ! CASE (! SUBJECT M5;N$1 B AL 9 ! CASE ( XS 3TR>Y1 =! 3TR>Y PR$ICATE3 E4G4 >GUE T GD IS N NECESS>ILY PL1SANT2 = NEI IS EVIL PA9;L3 OR T1 IF ! LATT] 2 ! CASE1 S IS ! =M]4 ,AL1 IF JU/ICE 2 K1 !N 9JU/ICE IS IGNOR.E3 & IF ,8JU/LY0' M1NS ,8"K+LY0' & ,8SKIL;LLY0'1 !N ,8UNJU/LY0' M1NS ,8IGNORANTLY0' & ,8UNSKIL;LLY0'3 ":AS IF ! LATT] 2 N TRUE1 NEI IS ! =M]1 Z 9 ! 9/.E GIV5 J N[3 = ,8UNJU/LY0' IS M LIKELY 6SEEM EQUIVAL5T TO ,8SKIL;LLY0' ?AN TO ,8UNSKIL;LLY0'4 ,? -MONPLACE RULE HAS BE5 /AT$ 2F 9 D1L+ )! SEQU;E ( 3TR>IES2 = ALL WE >E CLAIM+ N[ IS T ! 3TR>Y ( ;,P % FOLL[ ! 3TR>Y ( ,S4 ,MOREOV]1 LOOK AT ! MODES ( G5],N & DE/RUC;N (A ?+1 & AT ! ?+S : T5D 6PRODUCE OR 6DE/ROY X1 BO? 9 DEMOLI%+ & 9 E/ABLI%+ A VIEW4 ,= ^? ?+S ^: MODES ( G5],N RANK AM;G GD ?+S1 >E !MVS AL GD2 & IF !Y !MVS 2 GD1 S AL >E _! MODES ( G5],N4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 _! MODES ( G5],N 2 EVIL1 !N !Y !MVS AL >E EVIL4 ,9 REG>D 6MODES ( DE/RUC;N ! 3V]SE IS TRUE3 = IF ! MODES ( DE/RUC;N RANK Z GD ?+S1 !N !Y !MVS RANK Z EVIL ?+S2 ":AS IF ! MODES ( DE/RUC;N C.T Z EVIL1 !Y !MVS C.T Z GD4 ,! SAME >GU;T APPLIES AL 6?+S T5D+ 6PRODUCE & DE/ROY3 = ?+S ^: PRODUCTIVE CAUSES >E GD1 !MVS AL RANK Z GD2 ":AS IF CAUSES DE/RUCTIVE ( !M >E GD1 !Y !MVS RANK Z EVIL4 #AJ ,AG1 LOOK AT ?+S : >E L ! SUBJECT 9 "Q1 & SEE IF !Y >E 9 L CASE2 E4G4 IF "O BRAN* ( K HAS M ?AN "O OBJECT1 S AL W "O OP9ION2 & IF 6POSSESS SI+ W 2 6HE>4 ,LIKEWISE AL 9 ! CASE ( O!R ?+S1 BO? ^? : >E & ^? : >E G5],Y HELD 6BE L4 ,! RULE 9 "Q IS USE;L = BO? PURPOSES2 = IF X 2 Z /AT$ 9 ! CASE ( "S "O L ?+1 X IS S )! O!R L ?+S Z WELL1 ":AS IF X 2 N S 9 ! CASE ( "S "O ( !M1 NEI IS X S 9 ! CASE (! O!RS4 ,LOOK & SEE AL :E!R ! CASES >E ALIKE Z REG>DS A S+LE ?+ &A NUMB] ( ?+S3 = "S"TS "! IS A 4CREPANCY4 ,?US1 IF TO ,8"K0' A ?+ 2 TO ,8?9K (0' X1 !N AL TO ,8"K _M ?+S0' IS TO ,8BE ?9K+ ( _M ?+S0'2 ":AS ? IS N TRUE2 = X IS POSSI# 6"K _M ?+S B N 6BE ?9K+ ( !M4 ,IF1 !N1 ! LATT] PROPOSI;N 2 N TRUE1 NEI 0 ! =M] T D1LT )A S+LE ?+1 VIZ4 T TO ,8"K0' A ?+ IS TO ,8?9K (0' X4 ,MOREOV]1 >GUE F GRT] & LESS DEGREES4 ,9 REG>D 6GRT] DEGREES "! >E F\R -MONPLACE RULES4 ,"O IS3 ,SEE :E!R A GRT] DEGREE (! PR$ICATE FOLL[S A GRT] DEGREE (! SUBJECT3 E4G4 IF PL1SURE 2 GD1 SEE :E!R AL A GRT] PL1SURE 2 A GRT] GD3 & IF 6D A WR;G 2 EVIL1 SEE :E!R AL 6D A GRT] WR;G IS A GRT] EVIL4 ,N[ ? RULE IS ( USE = BO? PURPOSES3 = IF AN 9CR1SE (! A3ID5T FOLL[S AN 9CR1SE (! SUBJECT1 Z WE H SD1 CLE>LY ! A3ID5T 2L;GS2 :ILE IF X DOES N FOLL[1 ! A3ID5T DOES N 2L;G4 ,Y %D E/ABLI% ? 09DUC;N4 ,ANO!R RULE IS3 ,IF "O PR$ICATE 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6TWO SUBJECTS2 !N SUPPOS+ X DOES N 2L;G 6! SUBJECT 6: X IS ! M LIKELY 62L;G1 NEI DOES X 2L;G ": X IS LESS LIKELY 62L;G2 :ILE IF X DOES 2L;G ": X IS LESS LIKELY 62L;G1 !N X 2L;GS Z WELL ": X IS M LIKELY4 ,AG3 ,IF TWO PR$ICATES 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6"O SUBJECT1 !N IF ! "O : IS M G5],Y ?"\ 62L;G DOES N 2L;G1 NEI DOES ! "O T IS LESS G5],Y ?"\ 62L;G2 OR1 IF ! "O T IS LESS G5],Y ?"\ 62L;G DOES 2L;G1 S AL DOES ! O!R4 ,MOREOV]3 ,IF TWO PR$ICATES 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6TWO SUBJECTS1 !N IF ! "O : IS M USU,Y ?"\ 62L;G 6! "O SUBJECT DOES N 2L;G1 NEI DOES ! REMA9+ PR$ICATE 2L;G 6! REMA9+ SUBJECT2 OR1 IF ! "O : IS LESS USU,Y ?"\ 62L;G 6! "O SUBJECT DOES 2L;G1 S TOO DOES ! REMA9+ PR$ICATE 6! REMA9+ SUBJECT4 ,MOREOV]1 Y C >GUE F ! FACT T AN ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS1 OR IS G5],Y SUPPOS$ 62L;G1 9 A L DEGREE1 9 ?REE WAYS1 VIZ4 ^? DESCRIB$ 9 ! LA/ ?REE RULES GIV5 9 REG>D 6A GRT] DEGREE40' ,= SUPPOS+ T "O PR$ICATE 2L;GS1 OR IS SUPPOS$ 62L;G1 6TWO SUBJECTS 9 A L DEGREE1 !N IF X DOES N 2L;G 6! "O1 NEI DOES X 2L;G 6! O!R2 :ILE IF X 2L;GS 6! "O1 X 2L;GS 6! REMA9+ "O Z WELL4 ,OR1 SUPPOS+ TWO PR$ICATES 62L;G 9 A L DEGREE 6! SAME SUBJECT1 !N1 IF ! "O DOES N 2L;G1 NEI DOES ! REMA9+ "O2 :ILE IF ! "O DOES 2L;G1 ! REMA9+ "O 2L;GS Z WELL4 ,! CASE IS ! SAME AL IF TWO PR$ICATES 2L;G 9 A L DEGREE 6TWO SUBJECTS2 = IF ! "O PR$ICATE DOES N 2L;G 6! "O SUBJECT1 NEI DOES ! REMA9+ PR$ICATE 2L;G 6! REMA9+ SUBJECT1 :ILE IF ! "O PR$ICATE DOES 2L;G 6! "O SUBJECT1 ! REMA9+ PR$ICATE 2L;GS 6! REMA9+ SUBJECT Z WELL4 #AA ,Y C >GUE1 !N1 F GRT] OR LESS OR L DEGREES ( TRU? 9 ! A=ESD NUMB] ( WAYS4 ,MOREOV]1 Y %D >GUE F ! A4I;N ( "O ?+ 6ANO!R4 ,IF ! A4I;N ( "O ?+ 6ANO!R MAKES T O!R GD OR :ITE1 ":AS =M]LY X 0 N :ITE OR GD1 !N ! ?+ A4$ W 2 :ITE OR GD-X W POSSESS ! "* X IM"PS 6! :OLE Z WELL4 ,MOREOV]1 IF AN A4I;N ( "S?+ 6A GIV5 OBJECT 9T5SIFIES ! "* : X _H Z GIV51 !N ! ?+ A4$ W XF Z WELL 2 ( T "*4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 9 ! CASE ( O!R ATTRIBUTES4 ,! RULE IS N APPLICA# 9 ALL CASES1 B ONLY 9 ^? 9 : ! EXCESS DESCRIB$ Z AN ,89CR1S$ 9T5S;Y0' IS F.D 6TAKE PLACE4 ,! ABV RULE IS1 H["E1 N 3V]TI# = OV]?R[+ A VIEW4 ,= IF ! ?+ A4$ DOES N MAKE ! O!R GD1 X IS N "!BY MADE CLE> :E!R 9 XF X MAY N 2 GD3 =! A4I;N ( GD 6EVIL DOES N NECESS>ILY MAKE ! :OLE GD1 ANY M ?AN ! A4I;N ( :ITE 6BLACK MAKES ! :OLE :ITE4 ,AG1 ANY PR$ICATE ( : WE C SP1K ( GRT] OR LESS DEGREES 2L;GS AL ABSOLUTELY3 = GRT] OR LESS DEGREES ( GD OR ( :ITE W N 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6:AT IS N GD OR :ITE3 =A BAD ?+ W N"E 2 SD 6H A GRT] OR LESS DEGREE ( GD;S ?AN ANO!R1 B ALW ( BAD;S4 ,? RULE IS N 3V]TI#1 EI1 =! PURPOSE ( OV]?R[+ A PR$IC,N3 = S"EAL PR$ICATES ( : WE _C SP1K (A GRT] DEGREE 2L;G ABSOLUTELY3 =! T]M ,8MAN0' IS N ATTRIBUT$ 9 GRT] & LESS DEGREES1 B A MAN IS A MAN = ALL T4 ,Y %D EXAM9E 9 ! SAME WAY PR$ICATES ATTRIBUT$ 9 A GIV5 RESPECT1 & AT A GIV5 "T & PLACE3 = IF ! PR$ICATE 2 POSSI# 9 "S RESPECT1 X IS POSSI# AL ABSOLUTELY4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IS :AT IS PR$ICAT$ AT A GIV5 "T OR PLACE3 = :AT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSI# IS N POSSI# EI 9 ANY RESPECT OR AT ANY PLACE OR "T4 ,AN OBJEC;N MAY 2 RAIS$ T 9 A GIV5 RESPECT P MAY 2 GD 0NATURE1 E4G4 !Y MAY 2 G5]\S OR TEMP]ATELY 9CL9$1 :ILE ABSOLUTELY !Y >E N GD 0NATURE1 2C NO "O IS PRUD5T 0NATURE4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 X IS POSSI# =A DE/RUCTI# ?+ 6ESCAPE DE/RUC;N AT A GIV5 "T1 ":AS X IS N POSSI# = X 6ESCAPE ABSOLUTELY4 ,9 ! SAME WAY AL X IS A GD ?+ AT C]TA9 PLACES 6FOLL[ SEE & S* A DIET1 E4G4 9 9FECT$ >1S1 ?\< X IS N A GD ?+ ABSOLUTELY4 ,MOREOV]1 9 C]TA9 PLACES X IS POSSI# 6LIVE S+LY & AL"O1 B ABSOLUTELY X IS N POSSI# 6EXI/ S+LY & AL"O4 ,9 ! SAME WAY AL X IS 9 C]TA9 PLACES HON\RA# 6SACRIFICE "O'S "F1 E4G4 AM;G ! ,TRIBALLI1 ":AS1 ABSOLUTELY1 X IS N HON\RA#4 ,OR POSSIBLY ? MAY 9DICATE A RELATIV;Y N 6PLACES B 6P]SONS3 = X IS ALL ! SAME :]"E !Y MAY BE3 = "EY": X W 2 HELD HON\RA# AM;G ! ,TRIBALLI !MVS1 J 2C !Y >E ,TRIBALLI4 ,AG1 AT C]TA9 "TS X IS A GD ?+ 6TAKE M$IC9ES1 E4G4 :5 "O IS ILL1 B X IS N S ABSOLUTELY4 ,OR POSSIBLY ? AG MAY 9DICATE A RELATIV;Y N 6A C]TA9 "T1 B 6A C]TA9 /ATE ( H1L?3 = X IS ALL ! SAME :5"E X O3URS1 IF ONLY "O 2 9 T /ATE4 ,A ?+ IS ,8ABSOLUTELY0' S : )\T ANY A4I;N Y >E PREP>$ 6SAY IS HON\RA# OR ! 3TR>Y4 ,?US 7E4G47 Y W D5Y T 6SACRIFICE "O'S "F IS HON\RA#3 X IS HON\RA# ONLY 6C]TA9 P]SONS3 X IS N "!=E HON\RA# ABSOLUTELY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 6HON\R ! GODS Y W DCL 6BE HON\RA# )\T A4+ ANY?+1 2C T IS HON\RA# ABSOLUTELY4 ,S T :AT"E )\T ANY A4I;N IS G5],Y A3.T$ 6BE HON\RA# OR 4HON\RA# OR ANY?+ ELSE ( T K9D1 W 2 SD 6BE S ,8ABSOLUTELY0'4