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             ,,ON ,,! ,,S\L
               0,>I/OTLE
      TRANSLAT$ BY ;,J4 ,A4 ,SMI?

    ,TRANSLAT$ 6,GRADE ,,II ,BRL 0,MIKE
    ,KEI?LEY
                ,BOOK ,I
                   #A

  ,HOLD+ Z WE D T1 :ILE K ( ANY K9D IS A
?+ 6BE HON\R$ & PRIZ$1 "O K9D ( X MAY1
EI 0R1SON ( XS GRT] EXACT;S OR (A HI<]
DIGN;Y & GRT] WOND];L;S 9 XS OBJECTS1 2
M HON\RA# & PRECI\S ?AN ANO!R1 ON BO?
A3.TS WE %D NATUR,Y 2 L$ 6PLACE 9 !
FRONT RANK ! /UDY (! S\L4 ,! K (! S\L
ADMITT$LY 3TRIBUTES GRTLY 6! ADV.E (
TRU? 9 G5]AL1 &1 ABV ALL1 6\R "U/&+ (
,NATURE1 =! S\L IS 9 "S S5SE ! PR9CIPLE
( ANIMAL LIFE4 ,\R AIM IS 6GRASP & "U/&1
F/ XS ESS5TIAL NATURE1 & SECONDLY XS
PROP]TIES2 ( ^! "S >E TAU<T 6BE A6EC;NS
PROP] 6! S\L XF1 :ILE O!RS >E 3SID]$
6ATTA* 6! ANIMAL [+ 6! PRES;E )9 X (
S\L4
  ,6ATTA9 ANY ASSUR$ K AB ! S\L IS "O (!
MO/ DI6ICULT ?+S 9 ! _W4 ,Z ! =M ( "Q :
"H PRES5TS XF1 VIZ4 ! "Q ,8,:AT IS X80'1
RECURS 9 O!R FIELDS1 X MI<T 2 SUPPOS$ T
"! 0 "S S+LE ME?OD ( 9QUIRY APPLICA#
6ALL OBJECTS ^: ESS5TIAL NATURE 7Z WE >E
5D1V\R+ 6ASC]TA9 "! IS = DERIV$
PROP]TIES ! S+LE ME?OD ( DEMON/R,N72 9 T
CASE :AT WE %D H 6SEEK = WD 2 ? UNIQUE
ME?OD4 ,B IF "! IS NO S* S+LE & G5]AL
ME?OD = SOLV+ ! "Q ( ESS;E1 \R TASK
2COMES / M DI6ICULT2 9 ! CASE ( EA*
DI6]5T SUBJECT WE % H 6DET]M9E !
APPROPRIATE PROCESS ( 9VE/IG,N4 ,IF 6?
"! 2 A CLE> ANSW]1 E4G4 T ! PROCESS IS
DEMON/R,N OR DIVI.N1 OR "S "KN ME?OD1
DI6ICULTIES & HESIT,NS / 2SET U-) :AT
FACTS % WE 2G9 ! 9QUIRY8 ,=! FACTS : =M
! />T+-PO9TS 9 DI6]5T SUBJECTS M/ 2
DI6]5T1 Z E4G4 9 ! CASE ( NUMB]S &
SURFACES4
  ,F/1 NO D\BT1 X IS NEC 6DET]M9E 9 : (!
SUMMA G5]A S\L LIES1 :AT X IS2 IS X 'A
?-"S:AT1 'A SUB/.E1 OR IS X A QUALE OR A
QUANTUM1 OR "S O!R (! REMA9+ K9DS (
PR$ICATES : WE H 4T+UI%$8 ,FUR!R1 DOES
S\L 2L;G 6! CLASS ( POT5TIAL EXI/5TS1 OR
IS X N R AN ACTUAL;Y8 ,\R ANSW] 6? "Q IS
(! GRTE/ IMPORT.E4
  ,WE M/ 3SID] AL :E!R S\L IS DIVISI# OR
IS )\T "PS1 & :E!R X IS "EY": HOMOG5E\S
OR N2 & IF N HOMOG5E\S1 :E!R XS V>I\S
=MS >E DI6]5T SPECIFIC,Y OR G5]IC,Y3 UP
6! PRES5T "T ^? :O H 4CUSS$ & 9VE/IGAT$
S\L SEEM 6H 3F9$ !MVS 6! HUMAN S\L4 ,WE
M/ 2 C>E;L N 6IGNORE ! "Q :E!R S\L C 2
DEF9$ 9 A S+LE UNAMBIGU\S =MULA1 Z IS !
CASE ) ANIMAL1 OR :E!R WE M/ N GIVE A
SEP>ATE =MULA = EA* ( X1 Z WE D = HORSE1
DOG1 MAN1 GOD 7IN ! LATT] CASE !
,8UNIV]SAL0' ANIMAL-& S TOO E O!R ,8-MON
PR$ICATE'-2+ TR1T$ EI Z NO?+ AT ALL OR Z
A LAT] PRODUCT74 ,FUR!R1 IF :AT EXI/S IS
N A PLURAL;Y ( S\LS1 B A PLURAL;Y ( "PS
( "O S\L1 : "\ WE 69VE/IGATE F/1 ! :OLE
S\L OR XS "PS8 7,X IS AL A DI6ICULT
PRO#M 6DECIDE : ( ^! "PS >E 9 NATURE
4T9CT F "O ANO!R47 ,AG1 : "\ WE
69VE/IGATE F/1 ^! "PS OR _! FUNC;NS1 M9D
OR ?9K+1 ! FACULTY OR ! ACT ( S5S,N1 & S
ON8 ,IF ! 9VE/IG,N (! FUNC;NS PREC$ES T
(! "PS1 ! FUR!R "Q SU7E/S XF3 "\ WE N 2F
EI 63SID] ! CORRELATIVE OBJECTS1 E4G4 (
S5SE OR ?"\8 ,X SEEMS N ONLY USE;L =!
4COV]Y (! CAUSES (! DERIV$ PROP]TIES (
SUB/.ES 6BE ACQUA9T$ )! ESS5TIAL NATURE
( ^? SUB/.ES 7Z 9 MA!MATICS X IS USE;L =
! "U/&+ (! PROP]TY (! EQUAL;Y (! 9T]IOR
ANGLES (A TRIANGLE 6TWO "R ANGLES 6"K !
ESS5TIAL NATURE (! /RAI<T &! CURV$ OR (!
L9E &! PLANE7 B AL 3V]SELY1 =! K (!
ESS5TIAL NATURE (A SUB/.E IS L>GELY
PROMOT$ 0AN ACQUA9T.E ) XS PROP]TIES3 =1
:5 WE >E A# 6GIVE AN A3.T 3=MA# 6EXP]I;E
( ALL OR MO/ (! PROP]TIES (A SUB/.E1 WE
% 2 9 ! MO/ FAV\RA# POSI;N 6SAY "S?+
WOR? SAY+ AB ! ESS5TIAL NATURE ( T
SUBJECT2 9 ALL DEMON/R,N A DEF9I;N (!
ESS;E IS REQUIR$ Z A />T+-PO9T1 S T
DEF9I;NS : D N 5A# U 64COV] ! DERIV$
PROP]TIES1 OR : FAIL 6FACILITATE EV5 A
3JECTURE AB !M1 M/ OBVI\SLY1 "O & ALL1 2
DIALECTICAL & FUTILE4
  ,A FUR!R PRO#M PRES5T$ 0! A6EC;NS (
S\L IS ?3 >E !Y ALL A6EC;NS (! -PLEX (
BODY & S\L1 OR IS "! ANY "O AM;G !M
PECULI> 6! S\L 0XF8 ,6DET]M9E ? IS
9DISP5SA# B DI6ICULT4 ,IF WE 3SID] !
MAJOR;Y ( !M1 "! SEEMS 6BE NO CASE 9 : !
S\L C ACT OR 2 ACT$ ^U )\T 9VOLV+ !
BODY2 E4G4 ANG]1 C\RAGE1 APPETITE1 &
S5S,N G5],Y4 ,?9K+ SEEMS ! MO/ PROBA#
EXCEP;N2 B IF ? TOO PROVES 6BE A =M (
IMAG9,N OR 6BE IMPOSSI# )\T IMAG9,N1 X
TOO REQUIRES A BODY Z A 3DI;N ( XS
EXI/;E4 ,IF "! IS ANY WAY ( ACT+ OR 2+
ACT$ ^U PROP] 6S\L1 S\L W 2 CAPA# (
SEP>ATE EXI/;E2 IF "! IS N"O1 XS SEP>ATE
EXI/;E IS IMPOSSI#4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 X W
2 L :AT IS /RAI<T1 : HAS _M PROP]TIES
>IS+ F ! /RAI<T;S 9 X1 E4G4 T ( T\*+ A
BRONZE SPH]E AT A PO9T1 ?\< /RAI<T;S
DIVORC$ F ! O!R 3/ITU5TS (! /RAI<T ?+ _C
T\* X 9 ? WAY2 X _C 2 S DIVORC$ AT ALL1
S9CE X IS ALW F.D 9 A BODY4 ,X "!=E
SEEMS T ALL ! A6EC;NS ( S\L 9VOLVE A
BODY-PAS.N1 G5TLE;S1 FE>1 P;Y1 C\RAGE1
JOY1 LOV+1 & HAT+2 9 ALL ^! "! IS A
3CURR5T A6EC;N (! BODY4 ,9 SUPPORT ( ?
WE MAY PO9T 6! FACT T1 :ILE "S"TS ON !
O3A.N ( VIOL5T & /RIK+ O3URR;ES "! IS NO
EXCITE;T OR FE> FELT1 ON O!RS FA9T &
FEE# /IMUL,NS PRODUCE ^! EMO;NS1 VIZ4 :5
! BODY IS ALR 9 A /ATE ( T5.N RESEMBL+
XS 3DI;N :5 WE >E ANGRY4 ,"H IS A /
CLE>] CASE3 9 ! ABS;E ( ANY EXT]NAL
CAUSE ( T]ROR WE F9D \RVS EXP]I5C+ !
FEEL+S (A MAN 9 T]ROR4 ,F ALL ? X IS
OBVI\S T ! A6EC;NS ( S\L >E 5MATT]$
=MULA# ESS;ES4
  ,3SEQU5TLY _! DEF9I;NS "\ 6CORRESPOND1
E4G4 ANG] %D 2 DEF9$ Z A C]TA9 MODE (
MOVE;T ( S* & S* A BODY 7OR "P OR
FACULTY (A BODY7 0? OR T CAUSE &= ? OR T
5D4 ,T IS PRECISELY :Y ! /UDY (! S\L M/
FALL )9 ! SCI;E ( ,NATURE1 AT L1/ S F> Z
9 XS A6EC;NS X MANIFE/S ? D\# "*4 ,H;E A
PHYSICI/ WD DEF9E AN A6EC;N ( S\L
DI6]5TLY F A DIALECTICIAN2 ! LATT] WD
DEF9E E4G4 ANG] Z ! APPETITE = RETURN+
PA9 = PA91 OR "S?+ L T1 :ILE ! =M] WD
DEF9E X Z A BOIL+ (! BLOOD OR W>M SUB/.E
SURR.D ! HE>T4 ,! LATT] ASSIGNS !
MAT]IAL 3DI;NS1 ! =M] ! =M OR =MULA#
ESS;E2 = :AT HE /ATES IS ! =MULA# ESS;E
(! FACT1 ?\< = XS ACTUAL EXI/;E "! M/ 2
EMBODI;T ( X 9 A MAT]IAL S* Z IS
DESCRIB$ 0! O!R4 ,?US ! ESS;E (A H\SE IS
ASSIGN$ 9 S* A =MULA Z 'A %ELT] AG/
DE/RUC;N 0W9D1 RA91 & H1T0'2 ! PHYSICI/
WD DESCRIBE X Z ,8/"OS1 BRICKS1 &
TIMB]S0'2 B "! IS A ?IRD POSSI#
DESCRIP;N : WD SAY T X 0 T =M 9 T
MAT]IAL ) T PURPOSE OR 5D4 ,:1 !N1 AM;G
^! IS 5TITL$ 6BE REG>D$ Z ! G5U9E
PHYSICI/8 ,! "O :O 3F9ES HMF 6! MAT]IAL1
OR ! "O :O RE/RICTS HMF 6! =MULA# ESS;E
AL"O8 ,IS X N R ! "O :O -B9ES BO? 9 A
S+LE =MULA8 ,IF ? IS S1 H[ >E WE 6"*IZE
! O!R TWO8 ,M/ WE N SAY T "! IS NO TYPE
( ?9K] :O 3C]NS HMF ) ^? QUALITIES OR
ATTRIBUTES (! MAT]IAL : >E 9 FACT
9SEP>A# F ! MAT]IAL1 & )\T ATTEMPT+ EV5
9 ?"\ 6SEP>ATE !M8 ,! PHYSICI/ IS HE :O
3C]NS HMF ) ALL ! PROP]TIES ACTIVE &
PASSIVE ( BODIES OR MAT]IALS ?US OR ?US
DEF9$2 ATTRIBUTES N 3SID]$ Z 2+ ( ? "*
HE L1VES 6O!RS1 9 C]TA9 CASES X MAY 2 6A
SPECIALI/1 E4G4 A C>P5T] OR A PHYSICIAN1
9 O!RS 7A7 ": !Y >E 9SEP>A# 9 FACT1 B >E
SEP>A# F ANY "PICUL> K9D ( BODY 0AN EF=T
( AB/RAC;N1 6! MA!MATICIAN1 7B7 ": !Y >E
SEP>ATE BO? 9 FACT & 9 ?"\ F BODY ALT1
6! ,F/ ,PHILOSOPH] OR METAPHYSICIAN4 ,B
WE M/ RETURN F ? DIGRES.N1 & REP1T T !
A6EC;NS ( S\L >E 9SEP>A# F ! MAT]IAL
SUB/RATUM ( ANIMAL LIFE1 6: WE H SE5 T
S* A6EC;NS1 E4G4 PAS.N & FE>1 ATTA*1 & H
N ! SAME MODE ( 2+ Z A L9E OR A PLANE4

                   #B

  ,= \R /UDY ( S\L X IS NEC1 :ILE
=MULAT+ ! PRO#MS ( : 9 \R FUR!R ADV.E WE
>E 6F9D ! SOLU;NS1 6CALL 96C\NCIL !
VIEWS ( ^? ( \R PR$ECESSORS :O H DCLD
ANY OP9ION ON ? SUBJECT1 9 ORD] T WE MAY
PR(IT 0:AT"E IS S.D 9 _! SU7ES;NS &
AVOID _! ]RORS4
  ,! />T+-PO9T ( \R 9QUIRY IS AN
EXPOSI;N ( ^? "*I/ICS : H *IEFLY BE5
HELD 62L;G 6S\L 9 XS V NATURE4 ,TWO
"*I/IC M>KS H ABV ALL O!RS BE5 RECOGNIZ$
Z 4T+UI%+ T : HAS S\L 9 X F T : HAS N-
MOVE;T & S5S,N4 ,X MAY 2 SD T ^! TWO >E
:AT \R PR$ECESSORS H FIX$ ^U Z "*I/IC (
S\L4
  ,"S SAY T :AT ORIG9ATES MOVE;T IS BO?
PRE-EM95TLY & PRIM>ILY S\L2 2LIEV+ T :AT
IS N XF MOV$ _C ORIG9ATE MOVE;T 9 ANO!R1
!Y >RIV$ AT ! VIEW T S\L 2L;GS 6! CLASS
( ?+S 9 MOVE;T4 ,? IS :AT L$ ,DEMOCRITUS
6SAY T S\L IS A SORT ( FIRE OR HOT
SUB/.E2 8 ,8=MS0' OR ATOMS >E 9F9ITE 9
NUMB]2 ^? : >E SPH]ICAL HE CALLS FIRE &
S\L1 & -P>ES !M 6! MOTES 9 ! AIR : WE
SEE 9 %AFTS ( LI<T -+ "? W9D[S2 !
MIXTURE ( SE$S ( ALL SORTS HE CALLS !
ELE;TS (! :OLE ( ,NATURE 7,LEUCIPPUS
GIVES A SIMIL> A3.T72 ! SPH]ICAL ATOMS
>E ID5TIFI$ ) S\L 2C ATOMS ( T %APE >E
MO/ ADAPT$ 6P]M1TE "EY":1 & 6SET ALL !
O!RS MOV+ 02+ !MVS 9 MOVE;T4 ,? IMPLIES
! VIEW T S\L IS ID5TICAL ) :AT PRODUCES
MOVE;T 9 ANIMALS4 ,T IS :Y1 FUR!R1 !Y
REG>D RESPIR,N Z ! "*I/IC M>K ( LIFE2 Z
! 5VIRON;T -PRESSES ! BODIES ( ANIMALS1
& T5DS 6EXTRUDE ^? ATOMS : IM"P MOVE;T
6!M1 2C !Y !MVS >E N"E AT RE/1 "! M/ 2 A
RE9=CE;T ( ^! 0SIMIL> ATOMS -+ 9 F )\T 9
! ACT ( RESPIR,N2 = !Y PREV5T ! EXTRU.N
( ^? : >E ALR )9 0C.T]ACT+ ! -PRESS+ &
3SOLIDAT+ =CE (! 5VIRON;T2 & ANIMALS
3T9UE 6LIVE ONLY S L;G Z !Y >E A#
6MA9TA9 ? RESI/.E4
  ,! DOCTR9E (! ,PY?AGOR1NS SEEMS 6RE/
^U ! SAME ID1S2 "S ( !M DCLD ! MOTES 9
AIR1 O!RS :AT MOV$ !M1 6BE S\L4 ,^!
MOTES 7 REF]R$ 62C !Y >E SE5 ALW 9
MOVE;T1 EV5 9 A -PLETE CALM4
  ,! SAME T5D5CY IS %[N 0^? :O DEF9E S\L
Z T : MOVES XF2 ALL SEEM 6HOLD ! VIEW T
MOVE;T IS :AT IS CLOSE/ 6! NATURE ( S\L1
& T :ILE ALL ELSE IS MOV$ 0S\L1 X AL"O
MOVES XF4 ,? 2LIEF >ISES F _! N"E SEE+
ANY?+ ORIG9AT+ MOVE;T : IS N F/ XF MOV$4
  ,SIMIL>LY AL ,ANAXAGORAS 7& :O"E
AGREES ) HM 9 SAY+ T M9D SET ! :OLE 9
MOVE;T7 DCLS ! MOV+ CAUSE ( ?+S 6BE S\L4
,8 POSI;N M/1 H["E1 2 4T+UI%$ F T (
,DEMOCRITUS4 ,DEMOCRITUS R.DLY ID5TIFIES
S\L & M9D1 = HE ID5TIFIES :AT APPE>S )
:AT IS TRUE-T IS :Y HE -M5DS ,HOM] =!
PHRASE ,8,HECTOR LAY ) ?"\ 4TRAU<T0'2 HE
DOES N EMPLOY M9D Z A SPECIAL FACULTY
D1L+ ) TRU?1 B ID5TIFIES S\L & M9D4 ,:AT
,ANAXAGORAS SAYS AB !M IS M OBSCURE2 9
_M PLACES HE TELLS U T ! CAUSE ( B1UTY &
ORD] IS M9D1 ELSE": T X IS S\L2 X IS
F.D1 HE SAYS1 9 ALL ANIMALS1 GRT &
SMALL1 HI< & L[1 B M9D 7IN ! S5SE (
9TELLIG;E7 APPE>S N 62L;G ALIKE 6ALL
ANIMALS1 & 9DE$ N EV5 6ALL HUMAN 2+S4
  ,ALL ^?1 !N1 :O _H SPECIAL REG>D 6!
FACT T :AT HAS S\L 9 X IS MOV$1 ADOPT$ !
VIEW T S\L IS 6BE ID5TIFI$ ) :AT IS
EM95TLY ORIG9ATIVE ( MOVE;T4 ,ALL1 ON !
O!R H&1 :O LOOK$ 6! FACT T :AT HAS S\L 9
X "KS OR P]CVS :AT IS1 ID5TIFY S\L )!
PR9CIPLE OR PR9CIPLES ( ,NATURE1 AC Z !Y
ADMIT S"EAL S* PR9CIPLES OR "O ONLY4
,?US ,EMP$OCLES DCLS T X IS =M$ \ ( ALL
8 ELE;TS1 EA* ( !M AL 2+ S\L2 8 ^WS >E3

,= 'TIS 0,E>? WE SEE ,E>?1 0,WAT] ,WAT]1
,0,E!R ,E!R DIV9E1 0,FIRE DE/RUCTIVE
  ,FIRE1
,0,LOVE ,LOVE1 & ,HATE 0CRUEL ,HATE4


  ,9 ! SAME WAY ,PLATO 9 ! ,TIMAEUS
FA%IONS S\L \ ( 8 ELE;TS2 = L1 HE HOLDS1
IS "KN 0L1 & ?+S >E =M$ \ (! PR9CIPLES
OR ELE;TS1 S T S\L M/ 2 S TOO4 ,SIMIL>LY
AL 9 8 LECTURES ,8,ON ,PHILOSOPHY0' X 0
SET =? T ! ,ANIMAL-XF IS -P.D$ (! ,IDEA
XF (! ,"O TGR )! PRIM>Y L5G?1 BR1D?1 &
DEP?1 "EY?+ ELSE1 ! OBJECTS ( XS
P]CEP;N1 2+ SIMIL>LY 3/ITUT$4 ,AG HE
PUTS 8 VIEW 9 YET O!R T]MS3 ,M9D IS !
MONAD1 SCI;E OR K ! DYAD 72C X GOES
UNDEVIAT+LY F "O PO9T 6ANO!R71 OP9ION !
NUMB] (! PLANE1 S5S,N ! NUMB] (! SOLID2
! NUMB]S >E 0HM EXPRESSLY ID5TIFI$ )!
,=MS !MVS OR PR9CIPLES1 & >E =M$ \ (!
ELE;TS2 N[ ?+S >E APPREH5D$ EI 0M9D OR
SCI;E OR OP9ION OR S5S,N1 & ^! SAME
NUMB]S >E ! ,=MS ( ?+S4
  ,"S ?9K]S1 A3EPT+ BO? PREMISSES1 VIZ4
T ! S\L IS BO? ORIG9ATIVE ( MOVE;T &
COGNITIVE1 H -P.D$ X ( BO? & DCLD ! S\L
6BE A SELF-MOV+ NUMB]4
  ,Z 6! NATURE & NUMB] (! F/ PR9CIPLES
OP9IONS DI6]4 ,! DI6];E IS GRTE/ 2T ^?
:O REG>D !M Z CORPOR1L & ^? :O REG>D !M
Z 9CORPOR1L1 & F BO? 4S5T ^? :O MAKE A
BL5D & DRAW _! PR9CIPLES F BO? S\RCES4
,! NUMB] ( PR9CIPLES IS AL 9 4PUTE2 "S
ADMIT "O ONLY1 O!RS ASS]T S"EAL4 ,"! IS
A 3SEQU5T DIV]S;Y 9 _! S"EAL A3.TS (
S\L2 !Y ASSUME1 NATUR,Y 5\<1 T :AT IS 9
XS [N NATURE ORIG9ATIVE ( MOVE;T M/ 2
AM;G :AT IS PRIMORDIAL4 ,T HAS L$ "S
6REG>D X Z FIRE1 = FIRE IS ! SUBTLE/ (!
ELE;TS & NE>E/ 69CORPOR1L;Y2 FUR!R1 9 !
MO/ PRIM>Y S5SE1 FIRE BO? IS MOV$ &
ORIG9ATES MOVE;T 9 ALL ! O!RS4
  ,DEMOCRITUS HAS EXPRESS$ HMF M
9G5I\SLY ?AN ! RE/ ON ! GR.DS = ASCRIB+
EA* ( ^! TWO "*S 6S\L2 S\L & M9D >E1 HE
SAYS1 "O &! SAME ?+1 & ? ?+ M/ 2 "O (!
PRIM>Y & 9DIVISI# BODIES1 & XS P[] (
ORIG9AT+ MOVE;T M/ 2 DUE 6XS F9E;S (
GRA9 &! %APE ( XS ATOMS2 HE SAYS T ( ALL
! %APES ! SPH]ICAL IS ! MO/ MOBILE1 & T
? IS ! %APE (! "PICLES ( FIRE & M9D4
  ,ANAXAGORAS1 Z WE SD ABV1 SEEMS
64T+UI% 2T S\L & M9D1 B 9 PRACTICE HE
TR1TS !M Z A S+LE SUB/.E1 EXCEPT T X IS
M9D T HE SPECI,Y POSITS Z ! PR9CIPLE (
ALL ?+S2 AT ANY RATE :AT HE SAYS IS T
M9D AL"O ( ALL T IS SIMPLE1 UNMIX$1 &
PURE4 ,HE ASSIGNS BO? "*I/ICS1 "K+ &
ORIG9,N ( MOVE;T1 6! SAME PR9CIPLE1 :5
HE SAYS T X 0 M9D T SET ! :OLE 9 MOVE;T4
  ,?ALES1 TOO1 6JUDGE F :AT IS RECORD$
AB HM1 SEEMS 6H HELD S\L 6BE A MOTIVE
=CE1 S9CE HE SD T ! MAGNET HAS A S\L 9 X
2C X MOVES ! IRON4
  ,DIOG5ES 7& O!RS7 HELD ! S\L 6BE AIR
2C HE 2LIEV$ AIR 6BE F9E/ 9 GRA9 &A F/
PR9CIPLE2 "!9 LAY ! GR.DS (! S\L'S P[]S
( "K+ & ORIG9AT+ MOVE;T4 ,Z ! PRIMORDIAL
PR9CIPLE F : ALL O!R ?+S >E DERIV$1 X IS
COGNITIVE2 Z F9E/ 9 GRA91 X HAS ! P[]
6ORIG9ATE MOVE;T4
  ,H]ACLITUS TOO SAYS T ! F/ PR9CIPLE-!
,8W>M EXHAL,N0' ( :1 AC 6HM1 "EY?+ ELSE
IS -POS$-IS S\L2 FUR!R1 T ? EXHAL,N IS
MO/ 9CORPOR1L & 9 C1SE.S FLUX2 T :AT IS
9 MOVE;T REQUIRES T :AT "KS X %D 2 9
MOVE;T2 & T ALL T IS HAS XS 2+ ESS5TI,Y
9 MOVE;T 7"H9 AGREE+ )! MAJOR;Y74
  ,ALCMAEON AL SEEMS 6H HELD A SIMIL>
VIEW AB S\L2 HE SAYS T X IS IMMORTAL 2C
X RESEM#S ,8! IMMORTALS10' & T ?
IMMORTAL;Y 2L;GS 6X 9 VIRTUE ( XS C1SE.S
MOVE;T2 = ALL ! ,8?+S DIV9E10' MOON1
SUN1 ! PLANETS1 &! :OLE H1V5S1 >E 9
P]PETUAL MOVE;T4
  ( ,M SUP]FICIAL WRIT]S1 "S1 E4G4
,HIPPO1 H PRON\NC$ X 6BE WAT]2 !Y SEEM
6H >GU$ F ! FACT T ! SE$ ( ALL ANIMALS
IS FLUID1 = ,HIPPO TRIES 6REFUTE ^? :O
SAY T ! S\L IS BLOOD1 ON ! GR.D T ! SE$1
: IS ! PRIMORDIAL S\L1 IS N BLOOD4
  ,ANO!R GR\P 7,CRITIAS1 = EXAMPLE7 DID
HOLD X 6BE BLOOD2 !Y TAKE P]CEP;N 6BE !
MO/ "*I/IC ATTRIBUTE ( S\L1 & HOLD T
P]CEPTIVE;S IS DUE 6! NATURE ( BLOOD4
  ,EA* (! ELE;TS HAS ?US F.D XS "PISAN1
EXCEPT E>?-E>? HAS F.D NO SUPPORT] UN.S
WE C.T Z S* ^? :O H DCLD S\L 6BE1 OR 6BE
-P.D$ (1 ALL ! ELE;TS4 ,ALL1 !N1 X MAY 2
SD1 "*IZE ! S\L 0?REE M>KS1 ,MOVE;T1
,S5S,N1 ,9CORPOR1L;Y1 & EA* ( ^! IS
TRAC$ BACK 6! F/ PR9CIPLES4 ,T IS :Y 7)
"O EXCEP;N7 ALL ^? :O DEF9E ! S\L 0XS
P[] ( "K+ MAKE X EI AN ELE;T OR 3/RUCT$
\ (! ELE;TS4 ,! LANGUAGE !Y ALL USE IS
SIMIL>2 L1 !Y SAY1 IS "KN 0L2 Z ! S\L
"KS "EY?+1 !Y 3/RUCT X \ ( ALL !
PR9CIPLES4 ,H;E ALL ^? :O ADMIT B "O
CAUSE OR ELE;T1 MAKE ! S\L AL "O 7E4G4
FIRE OR AIR71 :ILE ^? :O ADMIT A
MULTIPLIC;Y ( PR9CIPLES MAKE ! S\L AL
MULTIPLE4 ,! EXCEP;N IS ,ANAXAGORAS2 HE
AL"O SAYS T M9D IS IMPASSI# & HAS NO?+ 9
-MON ) ANY?+ ELSE4 ,B1 IF ? IS S1 H[ OR
9 VIRTUE ( :AT CAUSE C X "K8 ,T
,ANAXAGORAS HAS N EXPLA9$1 NOR C ANY
ANSW] 2 9F]R$ F 8 ^WS4 ,ALL :O AC"KL$GE
PAIRS ( OPPOSITES AM;G _! PR9CIPLES1
3/RUCT ! S\L AL \ ( ^! 3TR>IES1 :ILE ^?
:O ADMIT Z PR9CIPLES ONLY "O 3TR>Y ( EA*
PAIR1 E4G4 EI HOT OR COLD1 LIKEWISE MAKE
! S\L "S "O ( ^!4 ,T IS :Y1 AL1 !Y ALL[
!MVS 6BE GUID$ 0! "NS2 ^? :O ID5TIFY S\L
)! HOT >GUE T S5 76LIVE7 IS DERIV$ F SE9
76BOIL71 :ILE ^? :O ID5TIFY X )! COLD
SAY T S\L 7PSU*E7 IS S CALL$ F ! PROCESS
( RESPIR,N & 7KATAPSUXIS74 ,S* >E !
TRADI;NAL OP9IONS 3C]N+ S\L1 TGR )!
GR.DS ON : !Y >E MA9TA9$4
                   #C

  ,WE M/ 2G9 \R EXAM9,N ) MOVE;T2 =
D\BT.S1 N ONLY IS X FALSE T ! ESS;E (
S\L IS CORRECTLY DESCRIB$ 0^? :O SAY T X
IS :AT MOVES 7OR IS CAPA# ( MOV+7 XF1 B
X IS AN IMPOSSIBIL;Y T MOVE;T %D 2 EV5
AN ATTRIBUTE ( X4
  ,WE H ALR PO9T$ \ T "! IS NO NECESS;Y
T :AT ORIG9ATES MOVE;T %D XF 2 MOV$4 ,"!
>E TWO S5SES 9 : ANY?+ MAY 2 MOV$-EI 7A7
9DIRECTLY1 [+ 6"S?+ O!R ?AN XF1 OR 7B7
DIRECTLY1 [+ 6XF4 ,?+S >E ,89DIRECTLY
MOV$0' : >E MOV$ Z 2+ 3TA9$ 9 "S?+ : IS
MOV$1 E4G4 SAILORS 9 A %IP1 = !Y >E MOV$
9 A DI6]5T S5SE F T 9 : ! %IP IS MOV$2 !
%IP IS ,8DIRECTLY MOV$0'1 !Y >E
,89DIRECTLY MOV$0'1 2C !Y >E 9 A MOV+
VESSEL4 ,? IS CLE> IF WE 3SID] _! LIMBS2
! MOVE;T PROP] 6! LEGS 7& S 6MAN7 IS
WALK+1 & 9 ? CASE ! SAILORS T>E N WALK+4
,RECOGNIZ+ ! D\# S5SE ( ,82+ MOV$0'1 :AT
WE H 63SID] N[ IS :E!R ! S\L IS
,8DIRECTLY MOV$0' & "PICIPATES 9 S*
DIRECT MOVE;T4
  ,"! >E F\R SPECIES ( MOVE;T-LOCOMO;N1
ALT],N1 DIM9U;N1 GR[?2 3SEQU5TLY IF !
S\L IS MOV$1 X M/ 2 MOV$ ) "O OR S"EAL
OR ALL ( ^! SPECIES ( MOVE;T4 ,N[ IF XS
MOVE;T IS N 9CID5TAL1 "! M/ 2 A MOVE;T
NATURAL 6X1 &1 IF S1 Z ALL ! SPECIES
ENUM]AT$ 9VOLVE PLACE1 PLACE M/ 2
NATURAL 6X4 ,B IF ! ESS;E ( S\L 2 6MOVE
XF1 XS 2+ MOV$ _C 2 9CID5TAL TO-Z X IS
6:AT IS :ITE OR ?REE CUBITS L;G2 !Y TOO
C 2 MOV$1 B ONLY 9CID5T,Y-:AT IS MOV$ IS
T ( : ,8:ITE0' & ,8?REE CUBITS L;G0' >E
! ATTRIBUTES1 ! BODY 9 : !Y 9"H2 H;E !Y
H NO PLACE3 B IF ! S\L NATUR,Y P>TAKES 9
MOVE;T1 X FOLL[S T X M/ H A PLACE4
  ,FUR!R1 IF "! 2 A MOVE;T NATURAL 6!
S\L1 "! M/ 2 A C.T]-MOVE;T UNNATURAL 6X1
& 3V]SELY4 ,! SAME APPLIES 6RE/ Z WELL Z
6MOVE;T2 =! T]M9US AD QUEM (A ?+'S
NATURAL MOVE;T IS ! PLACE ( XS NATURAL
RE/1 & SIMIL>LY ! T]M9US AD QUEM ( XS
5=C$ MOVE;T IS ! PLACE ( XS 5=C$ RE/4 ,B
:AT M1N+ C 2 ATTA*$ 65=C$ MOVE;TS OR
RE/S (! S\L1 X IS DI6ICULT EV5 6IMAG9E4
  ,FUR!R1 IF ! NATURAL MOVE;T (! S\L 2
UPW>D1 ! S\L M/ 2 FIRE2 IF D[NW>D1 X M/
2 E>?2 = UPW>D & D[NW>D MOVE;TS >E !
DEF9ITORY "*I/ICS ( ^! BODIES4 ,! SAME
R1SON+ APPLIES 6! 9T]M$IATE MOVE;TS1
T]M9I1 & BODIES4 ,FUR!R1 S9CE ! S\L IS
OBS]V$ 6ORIG9ATE MOVE;T 9 ! BODY1 X IS
R1SONA# 6SUPPOSE T X TRANSMITS 6! BODY !
MOVE;TS 0: X XF IS MOV$1 & S1 REV]S+ !
ORD]1 WE MAY 9F] F ! MOVE;TS (! BODY
BACK 6SIMIL> MOVE;TS (! S\L4 ,N[ ! BODY
IS MOV$ F PLACE 6PLACE ) MOVE;TS (
LOCOMO;N4 ,H;E X WD FOLL[ T ! S\L TOO M/
9 A3ORD.E )! BODY *ANGE EI XS PLACE Z A
:OLE OR ! RELATIVE PLACES ( XS "PS4 ,?
C>RIES ) X ! POSSIBIL;Y T ! S\L MI<T EV5
QUIT XS BODY & RE-5T] X1 &) ? WD 2
9VOLV$ ! POSSIBIL;Y (A RESURREC;N (
ANIMALS F ! D1D4 ,B1 X MAY 2 3T5D$1 !
S\L C 2 MOV$ 9DIRECTLY 0"S?+ ELSE2 = AN
ANIMAL C 2 PU%$ \ ( XS C\RSE4 ,YES1 B T
6^: ESS;E 2L;GS ! P[] ( 2+ MOV$ 0XF1 _C
2 MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE EXCEPT 9CID5T,Y1 J Z
:AT IS GD 0OR 9 XF _C [E XS GD;S 6"S?+
EXT]NAL 6X OR 6"S 5D 6: X IS A M1NS4
  ,IF ! S\L IS MOV$1 ! MO/ PROBA# VIEW
IS T :AT MOVES X IS S5SI# ?+S4
  ,WE M/ NOTE AL T1 IF ! S\L MOVES XF1 X
M/ 2 ! MOV] XF T IS MOV$1 S T X FOLL[S T
IF MOVE;T IS 9 E CASE A 4PLACE;T ( T :
IS 9 MOVE;T1 9 T RESPECT 9 : X IS SD 6BE
MOV$1 ! MOVE;T (! S\L M/ 2 A DE"PURE F
XS ESS5TIAL NATURE1 AT L1/ IF XS SELF-
MOVE;T IS ESS5TIAL 6X1 N 9CID5TAL4
  ,"S G S F> Z 6HOLD T ! MOVE;TS : ! S\L
IM"PS 6! BODY 9 : X IS >E ! SAME 9 K9D Z
^? ) : X XF IS MOV$4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( ? IS
,DEMOCRITUS1 :O USES LANGUAGE L T (! -IC
DRAMATI/ ,PHILIPPUS1 :O A3.TS =! MOVE;TS
T ,DAEDALUS IM"P$ 6HIS WOOD5 ,APHRODITE
0SAY+ T HE P\R$ QKSILV] 96X2 SIMIL>LY
,DEMOCRITUS SAYS T ! SPH]ICAL ATOMS : AC
6HM 3/ITUTE S\L1 [+ 6_! [N C1SE.S
MOVE;TS DRAW ! :OLE BODY AF !M & S
PRODUCE XS MOVE;TS4 ,WE M/ URGE ! "Q
:E!R X IS ^! V SAME ATOMS : PRODUCE RE/
AL-H[ !Y CD D S1 X IS DI6ICULT & EV5
IMPOSSI# 6SAY4 ,&1 9 G5]AL1 WE MAY
OBJECT T X IS N 9 ? WAY T ! S\L APPE>S
6ORIG9ATE MOVE;T 9 ANIMALS-X IS "? 9T5;N
OR PROCESS ( ?9K+4
  ,X IS 9 ! SAME FA%ION T ! ,TIMAEUS AL
TRIES 6GIVE A PHYSICAL A3.T ( H[ ! S\L
MOVES XS BODY2 ! S\L1 X IS "! SD1 IS 9
MOVE;T1 & S [+ 6_! MUTUAL IMPLIC,N MOVES
! BODY AL4 ,AF -P.D+ ! S\L-SUB/.E \ (!
ELE;TS & DIVID+ X 9 A3ORD.E )! H>MONIC
NUMB]S1 9 ORD] T X MAY POSSESS A 3NATE
S5SIBIL;Y = ,8H>MONY0' & T ! :OLE MAY
MOVE 9 MOVE;TS WELL ATTUN$1 ! ,DEMIURGE
B5T ! /RAI<T L9E 96A CIRCLE2 ? S+LE
CIRCLE HE DIVID$ 96TWO CIRCLES UNIT$ AT
TWO -MON PO9TS2 "O ( ^! HE SUBDIVID$
96SEV5 CIRCLES4 ,ALL ? IMPLIES T !
MOVE;TS (! S\L >E ID5TIFI$ )! LOCAL
MOVE;TS (! H1V5S4
  ,N[1 9 ! F/ PLACE1 X IS A MISTAKE 6SAY
T ! S\L IS A SPATIAL MAGNITUDE4 ,X IS
EVID5T T ,PLATO M1NS ! S\L (! :OLE 6BE L
! SORT ( S\L : IS CALL$ M9D N L !
S5SITIVE OR ! DESID]ATIVE S\L1 =!
MOVE;TS ( NEI ( ^! >E CIRCUL>4 ,N[ M9D
IS "O & 3T9U\S 9 ! S5SE 9 : ! PROCESS (
?9K+ IS S1 & ?9K+ IS ID5TICAL )! ?"\S :
>E XS "PS2 ^! H A S]IAL UN;Y L T (
NUMB]1 N A UN;Y L T (A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE4 ,H;E M9D _C H T K9D ( UN;Y
EI2 M9D IS EI )\T "PS OR IS 3T9U\S 9 "S
O!R WAY ?AN T : "*IZES A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE4 ,H[1 9DE$1 IF X 7 A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE1 CD M9D POSSIBLY ?9K8 ,W X ?9K
) ANY "O 9DI6]5TLY ( XS "PS8 ,9 ? CASE1
! ,8"P0' M/ 2 "U/OOD EI 9 ! S5SE (A
SPATIAL MAGNITUDE OR 9 ! S5SE (A PO9T
7IF A PO9T C 2 CALL$ A "P (A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE74 ,IF WE A3EPT ! LATT]
ALT]NATIVE1 ! PO9TS 2+ 9F9ITE 9 NUMB]1
OBVI\SLY ! M9D C N"E EXHAU/IVELY TRAV]SE
!M2 IF ! =M]1 ! M9D M/ ?9K ! SAME ?+ OV]
& OV] AG1 9DE$ AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( "TS
7":AS X IS MANIFE/LY POSSI# 6?9K A ?+
ONCE ONLY74 ,IF 3TACT ( ANY "P :ATSO"E (
XF )! OBJECT IS ALL T IS REQUIR$1 :Y NE$
M9D MOVE 9 A CIRCLE1 OR 9DE$ POSSESS
MAGNITUDE AT ALL8 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF 3TACT
)! :OLE CIRCLE IS NEC1 :AT M1N+ C 2 GIV5
6! 3TACT (! "PS8 ,FUR!R1 H[ CD :AT HAS
NO "PS ?9K :AT HAS "PS1 OR :AT HAS "PS
?9K :AT HAS N"O8 ,WE M/ ID5TIFY ! CIRCLE
REF]R$ 6) M9D2 = X IS M9D ^: MOVE;T IS
?9K+1 & X IS ! CIRCLE ^: MOVE;T IS
REVOLU;N1 S T IF ?9K+ IS A MOVE;T (
REVOLU;N1 ! CIRCLE : HAS ? "*I/IC MOVE;T
M/ 2 M9D4
  ,IF ! CIRCUL> MOVE;T IS ET]NAL1 "! M/
2 "S?+ : M9D IS ALW ?9K+-:AT C ? BE8 ,=
ALL PRACTICAL PROCESSES ( ?9K+ H LIMITS-
!Y ALL G ON =! SAKE ( "S?+ \TSIDE !
PROCESS1 & ALL !ORETICAL PROCESSES -E 6A
CLOSE 9 ! SAME WAY Z ! PHRASES 9 SPEE* :
EXPRESS PROCESSES & RESULTS ( ?9K+4 ,E
S* L+UI/IC PHRASE IS EI DEF9ITORY OR
DEMON/RATIVE4 ,DEMON/R,N HAS BO? A />T+-
PO9T & MAY 2 SD 65D 9 A 3CLU.N OR 9F]R$
RESULT2 EV5 IF ! PROCESS N"E R1*ES F9AL
-PLE;N1 AT ANY RATE X N"E RETURNS ^U XF
AG 6XS />T+-PO9T1 X GOES ON ASSUM+ A
FRE% MI4LE T]M OR A FRE% EXTREME1 &
MOVES /RAI<T =W>D1 B CIRCUL> MOVE;T
RETURNS 6XS />T+-PO9T4 ,DEF9I;NS1 TOO1
>E CLOS$ GR\PS ( T]MS4
  ,FUR!R1 IF ! SAME REVOLU;N IS REP1T$1
M9D M/ REP1T$LY ?9K ! SAME OBJECT4
  ,FUR!R1 ?9K+ HAS M RESEMBL.E 6A -+
6RE/ OR >RE/ ?AN 6A MOVE;T2 ! SAME MAY 2
SD ( 9F]R+4
  ,X MI<T AL 2 URG$ T :AT IS DI6ICULT &
5=C$ IS 9COMPATI# ) B.S$;S2 IF ! MOVE;T
(! S\L IS N ( XS ESS;E1 MOVE;T (! S\L M/
2 3TR>Y 6XS NATURE4 ,X M/ AL 2 PA9;L =!
S\L 6BE 9EXTRICABLY B.D UP )! BODY2 NAY
M1 IF1 Z IS FREQU5TLY SD & WIDELY
A3EPT$1 X IS BETT] = M9D N 6BE EMBODI$1
! UNION M/ 2 = X UNDESIRA#4
  ,FUR!R1 ! CAUSE (! REVOLU;N (! H1V5S
IS LEFT OBSCURE4 ,X IS N ! ESS;E ( S\L :
IS ! CAUSE ( ? CIRCUL> MOVE;T-T MOVE;T
IS ONLY 9CID5TAL 6S\L-NOR IS1 A =TIORI1
! BODY XS CAUSE4 ,AG1 X IS N EV5 ASS]T$
T X IS BETT] T S\L %D 2 S MOV$2 & YET !
R1SON = : ,GOD CAUS$ ! S\L 6MOVE 9 A
CIRCLE C ONLY H BE5 T MOVE;T 0 BETT] = X
?AN RE/1 & MOVE;T ( ? K9D BETT] ?AN ANY
O!R4 ,B S9CE ? SORT ( 3SID],N IS M
APPROPRIATE 6ANO!R FIELD ( SPECUL,N1 LET
U 4MISS X =! PRES5T4
  ,! VIEW WE H J BE5 EXAM9+1 9 -PANY )
MO/ !ORIES AB ! S\L1 9VOLVES ! FOLL[+
ABSURD;Y3 !Y ALL JO9 ! S\L 6A BODY1 OR
PLACE X 9 A BODY1 )\T A4+ ANY SPECIFIC,N
(! R1SON ( _! UNION1 OR (! BODILY 3DI;NS
REQUIR$ = X4 ,YET S* EXPLAN,N C SC>CELY
2 OMITT$2 = "S -MUN;Y ( NATURE IS
PRESUPPOS$ 0! FACT T ! "O ACTS &! O!R IS
ACT$ ^U1 ! "O MOVES &! O!R IS MOV$2
9T]AC;N ALW IMPLIES A SPECIAL NATURE 9 !
TWO 9T]AG5TS4 ,ALL1 H["E1 T ^! ?9K]S D
IS 6DESCRIBE ! SPECIFIC "*I/ICS (! S\L2
!Y D N TRY 6DET]M9E ANY?+ AB ! BODY : IS
63TA9 X1 Z IF X 7 POSSI#1 Z 9 !
,PY?AGOR1N MY?S1 T ANY S\L CD 2 CLO!D ^U
) ANY BODY-AN ABSURD VIEW1 = EA* BODY
SEEMS 6H A =M & %APE ( XS [N4 ,X IS Z
ABSURD Z 6SAY T ! >T ( C>P5TRY CD EMBODY
XF 9 FLUTES2 EA* >T M/ USE XS TOOLS1 EA*
S\L XS BODY4

                   #D

  ,"! IS YET ANO!R !ORY AB S\L1 : HAS
-M5D$ XF 6_M Z NO LESS PROBA# ?AN ANY (
^? WE H HI!RTO M5;N$1 & HAS R5D]$ PUBLIC
A3.T ( XF 9 ! C\RT ( POPUL> 4CUS.N4 ,XS
SUPPORT]S SAY T ! S\L IS A K9D ( H>MONY1
= 7A7 H>MONY IS A BL5D OR -POSI;N (
3TR>IES1 & 7B7 ! BODY IS -P.D$ \ (
3TR>IES4 ,H>MONY1 H["E1 IS A C]TA9
PROPOR;N OR -POSI;N (! 3/ITU5TS BL5D$1 &
S\L C 2 NEI ! "O NOR ! O!R ( ^!4 ,FUR!R1
! P[] ( ORIG9AT+ MOVE;T _C 2L;G 6A
H>MONY1 :ILE ALM ALL 3CUR 9 REG>D+ ? Z A
PR9CIPAL ATTRIBUTE ( S\L4 ,X IS M
APPROPRIATE 6CALL H1L? 7OR G5],Y "O (!
GD /ATES (! BODY7 A H>MONY ?AN 6PR$ICATE
X (! S\L4 ,! ABSURD;Y 2COMES MO/ APP>5T
:5 WE TRY 6ATTRIBUTE ! ACTIVE & PASSIVE
A6EC;NS (! S\L 6A H>MONY2 ! NEC
READJU/;T ( _! 3CEP;NS IS DI6ICULT4
,FUR!R1 9 US+ ! ^W ,8H>MONY0' WE H "O OR
O!R ( TWO CASES 9 \R M9D2 ! MO/ PROP]
S5SE IS 9 REL,N 6SPATIAL MAGNITUDES : H
MO;N & POSI;N1 ": H>MONY M1NS ! 4POSI;N
& COHE.N ( _! "PS 9 S* A MANN] Z 6PREV5T
! 9TRODUC;N 96! :OLE ( ANY?+ HOMOG5E\S )
X1 &! SECOND>Y S5SE1 DERIV$ F ! =M]1 IS
T 9 : X M1NS ! RATIO 2T ! 3/ITU5TS S
BL5D$2 9 NEI ( ^! S5SES IS X PLAUSI#
6PR$ICATE X ( S\L4 ,T S\L IS A H>MONY 9
! S5SE (! MODE ( -POSI;N (! "PS (! BODY
IS A VIEW EASILY REFUTA#2 = "! >E _M
-POSITE "PS & ^? V>I\SLY -P.D$2 ( :AT
BODILY "P IS M9D OR ! S5SITIVE OR !
APPETITIVE FACULTY ! MODE ( -POSI;N8 ,&
:AT IS ! MODE ( -POSI;N : 3/ITUTES EA* (
!M8 ,X IS EQU,Y ABSURD 6ID5TIFY ! S\L )!
RATIO (! MIXTURE2 =! MIXTURE : MAKES
FLE% HAS A DI6]5T RATIO 2T ! ELE;TS F T
: MAKES B"O4 ,! 3SEQU;E ( ? VIEW W "!=E
2 T 4TRIBUT$ "?\T ! :OLE BODY "! W 2 _M
S\LS1 S9CE E "O (! BODILY "PS IS A
DI6]5T MIXTURE (! ELE;TS1 &! RATIO (
MIXTURE IS 9 EA* CASE A H>MONY1 I4E4 A
S\L4
  ,F ,EMP$OCLES AT ANY RATE WE MI<T DEM&
AN ANSW] 6! FOLL[+ "Q = HE SAYS T EA* (!
"PS (! BODY IS :AT X IS 9 VIRTUE (A
RATIO 2T ! ELE;TS3 IS ! S\L ID5TICAL ) ?
RATIO1 OR IS X N R "S?+ OV] & ABV ? : IS
=M$ 9 ! "PS8 ,IS LOVE ! CAUSE ( ANY & E
MIXTURE1 OR ONLY ( ^? T >E 9 ! "R RATIO8
,IS LOVE ? RATIO XF1 OR IS LOVE "S?+ OV]
& ABV ?8 ,S* >E ! PRO#MS RAIS$ 0? A3.T4
,B1 ON ! O!R H&1 IF ! S\L IS DI6]5T F !
MIXTURE1 :Y DOES X 4APPE> AT "O &! SAME
MO;T ) T REL,N 2T ! ELE;TS : 3/ITUTES
FLE% OR ! O!R "PS (! ANIMAL BODY8
,FUR!R1 IF ! S\L IS N ID5TICAL )! RATIO
( MIXTURE1 & X IS 3SEQU5TLY N ! CASE T
EA* (! "PS HAS A S\L1 :AT IS T : P]I%ES
:5 ! S\L QUITS ! BODY8
  ,T ! S\L _C EI 2 A H>MONY1 OR 2 MOV$ 9
A CIRCLE1 IS CLE> F :AT WE H SD4 ,YET T
X C 2 MOV$ 9CID5T,Y IS1 Z WE SD ABV1
POSSI#1 & EV5 T 9 A S5SE X C MOVE XF1
I4E4 9 ! S5SE T ! VEHICLE 9 : X IS C 2
MOV$1 & MOV$ 0X2 9 NO O!R S5SE C ! S\L 2
MOV$ 9 SPACE4
  ,M LEGITIMATE D\BTS MI<T REMA9 Z 6XS
MOVE;T 9 VIEW (! FOLL[+ FACTS4 ,WE SP1K
(! S\L Z 2+ PA9$ OR PL1S$1 2+ BOLD OR
FE>;L1 2+ ANGRY1 P]CVG1 ?9K+4 ,ALL ^! >E
REG>D$ Z MODES ( MOVE;T1 & H;E X MI<T 2
9F]R$ T ! S\L IS MOV$4 ,?1 H["E1 DOES N
NECESS>ILY FOLL[4 ,WE MAY ADMIT 6! FULL
T 2+ PA9$ OR PL1S$1 OR ?9K+1 >E MOVE;TS
7EA* ( !M A ,82+ MOV$0'71 & T ! MOVE;T
IS ORIG9AT$ 0! S\L4 ,= EXAMPLE WE MAY
REG>D ANG] OR FE> Z S* & S* MOVE;TS (!
HE>T1 & ?9K+ Z S* & S* ANO!R MOVE;T ( T
ORGAN1 OR ( "S O!R2 ^! MODIFIC,NS MAY
>ISE EI F *ANGES ( PLACE 9 C]TA9 "PS OR
F QUALITATIVE ALT],NS 7! SPECIAL NATURE
(! "PS &! SPECIAL MODES ( _! *ANGES 2+ =
\R PRES5T PURPOSE IRRELEVANT74 ,YET 6SAY
T X IS ! S\L : IS ANGRY IS Z 9EXACT Z X
WD 2 6SAY T X IS ! S\L T W1VES WEBS OR
BUILDS H\SES4 ,X IS D\BT.S BETT] 6AVOID
SAY+ T ! S\L PITIES OR LE>NS OR ?9KS & R
6SAY T X IS ! MAN :O DOES ? ) 8 S\L4
,:AT WE M1N IS N T ! MOVE;T IS 9 ! S\L1
B T "S"TS X T]M9ATES 9 ! S\L & "S"TS
/>TS F X1 S5S,N E4G4 -+ F )\T 9W>DS1 &
REM9ISC;E />T+ F ! S\L & T]M9AT+ )!
MOVE;TS1 ACTUAL OR RESIDUAL1 9 ! S5SE
ORGANS4
  ,! CASE ( M9D IS DI6]5T2 X SEEMS 6BE
AN 9DEP5D5T SUB/.E IMPLANT$ )9 ! S\L &
6BE 9CAPA# ( 2+ DE/ROY$4 ,IF X CD 2
DE/ROY$ AT ALL1 X WD 2 "U ! BLUNT+
9FLU;E ( OLD AGE4 ,:AT RE,Y HAPP5S 9
RESPECT ( M9D 9 OLD AGE IS1 H["E1
EXACTLY P>ALLEL 6:AT HAPP5S 9 ! CASE (!
S5SE ORGANS2 IF ! OLD MAN CD RECOV] !
PROP] K9D ( EYE1 HE WD SEE J Z WELL Z !
"Y MAN4 ,! 9CAPAC;Y ( OLD AGE IS DUE 6AN
A6EC;N N (! S\L B ( XS VEHICLE1 Z O3URS
9 DRUNK5;S OR 41SE4 ,?US X IS T 9 OLD
AGE ! ACTIV;Y ( M9D OR 9TELLECTUAL
APPREH5.N DECL9ES ONLY "? ! DECAY ( "S
O!R 9W>D "P2 M9D XF IS IMPASSI#4 ,?9K+1
LOV+1 & HAT+ >E A6EC;NS N ( M9D1 B ( T :
HAS M9D1 S F> Z X HAS X4 ,T IS :Y1 :5 ?
VEHICLE DECAYS1 MEMORY & LOVE C1SE2 !Y 7
ACTIVITIES N ( M9D1 B (! -POSITE : HAS
P]I%$2 M9D IS1 NO D\BT1 "S?+ M DIV9E &
IMPASSI#4 ,T ! S\L _C 2 MOV$ IS "!=E
CLE> F :AT WE H SD1 & IF X _C 2 MOV$ AT
ALL1 MANIFE/LY X _C 2 MOV$ 0XF4
  ,( ALL ! OP9IONS WE H ENUM]AT$1 0F> !
MO/ UNR1SONA# IS T : DCLS ! S\L 6BE A
SELF-MOV+ NUMB]2 X 9VOLVES 9 ! F/ PLACE
ALL ! IMPOSSIBILITIES : FOLL[ F REG>D+ !
S\L Z MOV$1 & 9 ! SECOND SPECIAL
ABSURDITIES : FOLL[ F CALL+ X A NUMB]4
,H[ WE 6IMAG9E A UNIT 2+ MOV$8 ,0:AT
AG5CY8 ,:AT SORT ( MOVE;T C 2 ATTRIBUT$
6:AT IS )\T "PS OR 9T]NAL DI6];ES8 ,IF !
UNIT IS BO? ORIG9ATIVE ( MOVE;T & XF
CAPA# ( 2+ MOV$1 X M/ 3TA9 DI6];E4
  ,FUR!R1 S9CE !Y SAY A MOV+ L9E G5]ATES
A SURFACE &A MOV+ PO9T A L9E1 ! MOVE;TS
(! PSY*IC UNITS M/ 2 L9ES 7=A PO9T IS A
UNIT HAV+ POSI;N1 &! NUMB] (! S\L IS1 (
C\RSE1 "S": & HAS POSI;N74
  ,AG1 IF F A NUMB] A NUMB] OR A UNIT IS
SUBTRACT$1 ! REMA9D] IS ANO!R NUMB]2 B
PLANTS & _M ANIMALS :5 DIVID$ 3T9UE
6LIVE1 & EA* SEG;T IS ?"\ 6RETA9 ! SAME
K9D ( S\L4
  ,X M/ 2 ALL ! SAME :E!R WE SP1K (
UNITS OR CORPUSCLES2 = IF ! SPH]ICAL
ATOMS ( ,DEMOCRITUS 2CAME PO9TS1 NO?+ 2+
RETA9$ B _! 2+ A QUANTUM1 "! M/ REMA9 9
EA* A MOV+ &A MOV$ "P1 J Z "! IS 9 :AT
IS 3T9U\S2 :AT HAPP5S HAS NO?+ 6D )!
SIZE (! ATOMS1 X DEP5DS SOLELY ^U _! 2+
A QUANTUM4 ,T IS :Y "! M/ 2 "S?+
6ORIG9ATE MOVE;T 9 ! UNITS4 ,IF 9 !
ANIMAL :AT ORIG9ATES MOVE;T IS ! S\L1 S
AL M/ X 2 9 ! CASE (! NUMB]1 S T N !
MOV] &! MOV$ TGR1 B ! MOV] ONLY1 W 2 !
S\L4 ,B H[ IS X POSSI# = "O (! UNITS
6FULFIL ? FUNC;N ( ORIG9AT+ MOVE;T8 ,"!
M/ 2 "S DI6];E 2T S* A UNIT & ALL ! O!R
UNITS1 & :AT DI6];E C "! 2 2T "O PLAC$
UNIT & ANO!R EXCEPT A DI6];E ( POSI;N8
,IF !N1 ON ! O!R H&1 ^! PSY*IC UNITS )9
! BODY >E DI6]5T F ! PO9TS (! BODY1 "! W
2 TWO SETS ( UNITS BO? O3UPY+ ! SAME
PLACE2 = EA* UNIT W O3UPY A PO9T4 ,&
YET1 IF "! C 2 TWO1 :Y _C "! 2 AN 9F9ITE
NUMB]8 ,= IF ?+S C O3UPY AN 9DIVISI#
LACE1 !Y M/ !MVS 2 9DIVISI#4 ,IF1 ON !
O!R H&1 ! PO9TS (! BODY >E ID5TICAL )!
UNITS ^: NUMB] IS ! S\L1 OR IF ! NUMB] (
! PO9TS 9 ! BODY IS ! S\L1 :Y H N ALL
BODIES S\LS8 ,= ALL BODIES 3TA9 PO9TS OR
AN 9F9;Y ( PO9TS4
  ,FUR!R1 H[ IS X POSSI# = ^! PO9TS 6BE
ISOLAT$ OR SEP>AT$ F _! BODIES1 SEE+ T
L9ES _C 2 RESOLV$ 96PO9TS8

                   #E

  ,! RESULT IS1 Z WE H SD1 T ? VIEW1
:ILE ON ! "O SIDE ID5TICAL ) T ( ^? :O
MA9TA9 T S\L IS A SUBTLE K9D ( BODY1 IS
ON ! O!R 5TANGL$ 9 ! ABSURD;Y PECULI>
6,DEMOCRITUS' WAY ( DESCRIB+ ! MANN] 9 :
MOVE;T IS ORIG9AT$ 0S\L4 ,= IF ! S\L IS
PRES5T "?\T ! :OLE P]CIPI5T BODY1 "! M/1
IF ! S\L 2 A K9D ( BODY1 2 TWO BODIES 9
! SAME PLACE2 &= ^? :O CALL X A NUMB]1
"! M/ 2 _M PO9TS AT "O PO9T1 OR E BODY
M/ H A S\L1 UN.S ! S\L 2 A DI6]5T SORT (
NUMB]-O!R1 T IS1 ?AN ! SUM (! PO9TS
EXI/+ 9 A BODY4 ,ANO!R 3SEQU;E T FOLL[S
IS T ! ANIMAL M/ 2 MOV$ 0XS NUMB]
PRECISELY 9 ! WAY T ,DEMOCRITUS EXPLA9$
XS 2+ MOV$ 0HIS SPH]ICAL PSY*IC ATOMS4
,:AT DI6];E DOES X MAKE :E!R WE SP1K (
SMALL SPH]ES OR ( L>GE UNITS1 OR1 Q
SIMPLY1 ( UNITS 9 MOVE;T8 ,"O WAY OR
ANO!R1 ! MOVE;TS (! ANIMAL M/ 2 DUE 6_!
MOVE;TS4 ,H;E ^? :O -B9E MOVE;T & NUMB]
9 ! SAME SUBJECT LAY !MVS OP5 6^! & _M
O!R SIMIL> ABSURDITIES4 ,X IS IMPOSSI# N
ONLY T ^! "*S %D GIVE ! DEF9I;N ( S\L-X
IS IMPOSSI# T !Y %D EV5 2 ATTRIBUTES (
X4 ,! PO9T IS CLE> IF ! ATTEMPT 2 MADE
6/>T F ? Z ! A3.T ( S\L & EXPLA9 F X !
A6EC;NS & AC;NS (! S\L1 E4G4 R1SON+1
S5S,N1 PL1SURE1 PA91 &C4 ,=1 6REP1T :AT
WE H SD E>LI]1 MOVE;T & NUMB] D N
FACILITATE EV5 3JECTURE AB ! DERIVATIVE
PROP]TIES ( S\L4
  ,S* >E ! ?REE WAYS 9 : S\L HAS
TRADI;N,Y BE5 DEF9$2 "O GR\P ( ?9K]S
DCLD X 6BE T : IS MO/ ORIG9ATIVE (
MOVE;T 2C X MOVES XF1 ANO!R GR\P 6BE !
SUBTLE/ & MO/ NE>LY 9CORPOR1L ( ALL K9DS
( BODY4 ,WE H N[ SU6ICI5TLY SET =? !
DI6ICULTIES & 9CONSI/5CIES 6: ^! !ORIES
>E EXPOS$4 ,X REMA9S N[ 6EXAM9E !
DOCTR9E T S\L IS -POS$ (! ELE;TS4
  ,! R1SON ASSIGN$ = ? DOCTR9E IS T ?US
! S\L MAY P]CV OR -E 6"K "EY?+ T IS1 B !
!ORY NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES XF 9 _M
IMPOSSIBILITIES4 ,XS UPHOLD]S ASSUME T L
IS "KN ONLY 0L1 & IMAG9E T 0DCLG ! S\L
6BE -POS$ (! ELE;TS !Y SU3E$ 9 ID5TIFY+
! S\L ) ALL ! ?+S X IS CAPA# (
APPREH5D+4 ,B ! ELE;TS >E N ! ONLY ?+S X
"KS2 "! >E _M O!RS1 OR1 M EXACTLY1 AN
9F9ITE NUMB] ( O!RS1 =M$ \ (! ELE;TS4
,LET U ADMIT T ! S\L "KS OR P]CVS !
ELE;TS \ ( : EA* ( ^! -POSITES IS MADE
UP2 B 0:AT M1NS W X "K OR P]CV ! -POSITE
:OLE1 E4G4 :AT ,GOD1 MAN1 FLE%1 B"O 7OR
ANY O!R -P.D7 IS8 ,= EA* IS1 N M]ELY !
ELE;TS ( : X IS -POS$1 B ^? ELE;TS -B9$
9 A DET]M9ATE MODE OR RATIO1 Z
,EMP$OCLES HMF SAYS ( B"O1

,! K9DLY ,E>? 9 XS BROAD-BOSOM$ M\LDS
,WON ( CLE> ,WAT] TWO "PS \ ( EI<T1
,& F\R ( ,FIRE2 & S :ITE B"OS 7 =M$4

  ,NO?+1 "!=E1 W 2 GA9$ 0! PRES;E (!
ELE;TS 9 ! S\L1 UN.S "! 2 AL PRES5T "! !
V>I\S =MULAE ( PROPOR;N &! V>I\S
-POSI;NS 9 A3ORD.E ) !M4 ,EA* ELE;T W
9DE$ "K XS FELL[ \TSIDE1 B "! W 2 NO K (
B"O OR MAN1 UN.S !Y TOO >E PRES5T 9 !
3/ITU;N (! S\L4 ,! IMPOSSIBIL;Y ( ? NE$S
NO PO9T+ \2 = :O WD SU7E/ T /"O OR MAN
CD 5T] 96! 3/ITU;N (! S\L8 ,! SAME
APPLIES TO ,8! GD0' & ,8! N-GD0'1 & S
ON4
  ,FUR!R1 ! ^W ,8IS0' HAS _M M1N+S3 X
MAY 2 US$ (A ,8?0' OR SUB/.E1 OR (A
QUANTUM1 OR (A QUALE1 OR ( ANY O!R (!
K9DS ( PR$ICATES WE H 4T+UI%$4 ,DOES !
S\L 3SI/ ( ALL ( ^! OR N8 ,X DOES N
APPE> T ALL H -MON ELE;TS4 ,IS ! S\L =M$
\ ( ^? ELE;TS AL"O : 5T] 96SUB/.ES8 S H[
W X 2 A# 6"K EA* (! O!R K9DS ( ?+8 ,W X
2 SD T EA* K9D ( ?+ HAS ELE;TS OR
PR9CIPLES ( XS [N1 & T ! S\L IS =M$ \ (!
:OLE ( ^!8 ,9 T CASE1 ! S\L M/ 2 A
QUANTUM &A QUALE &A SUB/.E4 ,B ALL T C 2
MADE \ (! ELE;TS (A QUANTUM IS A
QUANTUM1 N A SUB/.E4 ,^! 7& O!RS L !M7
>E ! 3SEQU;ES (! VIEW T ! S\L IS -POS$ (
ALL ! ELE;TS4
  ,X IS ABSURD1 AL1 6SAY BO? 7A7 T L IS
N CAPA# ( 2+ A6ECT$ 0L1 & 7B7 T L IS
P]CVD OR "KN 0L1 = P]CVG1 & AL BO? ?9K+
& "K+1 >E1 ON _! [N ASSUMP;N1 WAYS ( 2+
A6ECT$ OR MOV$4
  ,"! >E _M PUZZLES & DI6ICULTIES RAIS$
0SAY+1 Z ,EMP$OCLES DOES1 T EA* SET (
?+S IS "KN 0M1NS ( XS CORPOR1L ELE;TS &
0REF];E 6"S?+ 9 S\L : IS L !M1 & A4I;NAL
TE/IMONY IS FURNI%$ 0? NEW 3SID],N2 =
ALL ! "PS (! ANIMAL BODY : 3SI/ :OLLY (
E>? S* Z B"OS1 S9EWS1 & HAIR SEEM 6BE
:OLLY 9S5SITIVE & 3SEQU5TLY N P]CEPTIVE
EV5 ( OBJECTS E>?Y L !MVS1 Z !Y "\ 6H
BE54
  ,FUR!R1 EA* (! PR9CIPLES W H F> M
IGNOR.E ?AN K1 = ?\< EA* ( !M W "K "O
?+1 "! W 2 _M ( : X W 2 IGNORANT4
,EMP$OCLES AT ANY RATE M/ 3CLUDE T 8
,GOD IS ! L1/ 9TELLIG5T ( ALL 2+S1 =( HM
AL"O IS X TRUE T "! IS "O ?+1 ,/RIFE1 :
HE DOES N "K1 :ILE "! IS NO?+ : MORTAL
2+S D N "K1 = ]E IS NO?+ : DOES N 5T]
96_! -POSI;N4
  ,9 G5]AL1 WE MAY ASK1 ,:Y HAS N "EY?+
A S\L1 S9CE "EY?+ EI IS AN ELE;T1 OR IS
=M$ \ ( "O OR S"EAL OR ALL (! ELE;TS8
,EA* M/ C]TA9LY "K "O OR S"EAL OR ALL4
  ,! PRO#M MI<T AL 2 RAIS$1 ,:AT IS T :
UNIFIES ! ELE;TS 96A S\L8 ,! ELE;TS
CORRESPOND1 X WD APPE>1 6! MATT]2 :AT
UNITES !M1 :AT"E X IS1 IS ! SUPREMELY
IMPORTANT FACTOR4 ,B X IS IMPOSSI# T "!
%D 2 "S?+ SUP]IOR TO1 & DOM9ANT OV]1 !
S\L 7&A =TIORI OV] ! M9D72 X IS R1SONA#
6HOLD T M9D IS 0NATURE MO/ PRIMORDIAL &
DOM9ANT1 :ILE _! /ATE;T T X IS ! ELE;TS
: >E F/ ( ALL T IS4
  ,ALL1 BO? ^? :O ASS]T T ! S\L1 2C ( XS
K OR P]CEP;N ( :AT IS -P.D$ \ (! ELE;TS1
& IS ^? :O ASS]T T X IS ( ALL ?+S ! MO/
ORIG9ATIVE ( MOVE;T1 FAIL 6TAKE
963SID],N ALL K9DS ( S\L4 ,9 FACT 7#A7 N
ALL 2+S T P]CV C ORIG9ATE MOVE;T2 "!
APPE> 6BE C]TA9 ANIMALS : /,N>Y1 & YET
LOCAL MOVE;T IS ! ONLY "O1 S X SEEMS1 :
! S\L ORIG9ATES 9 ANIMALS4 ,& 7#B7 !
SAME OBJECT-ON HOLDS AG/ ALL ^? :O
3/RUCT M9D &! P]CEPTIVE FACULTY \ (!
ELE;TS2 = X APPE>S T PLANTS LIVE1 & YET
>E N 5D[$ ) LOCOMO;N OR P]CEP;N1 :ILE A
L>GE NUMB] ( ANIMALS >E )\T 4C\RSE (
R1SON4 ,EV5 IF ^! PO9TS 7 WAIV$ & M9D
ADMITT$ 6BE A "P (! S\L 7& S TOO !
P]CEPTIVE FACULTY71 /1 EV5 S1 "! WD 2
K9DS & "PS ( S\L ( : !Y _H FAIL$ 6GIVE
ANY A3.T4
  ,! SAME OBJEC;N LIES AG/ ! VIEW
EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,8,ORPHIC0' POEMS3 "! X IS
SD T ! S\L -ES 9 F ! :OLE :5 BR1?+ TAKES
PLACE1 2+ BORNE 9 ^U ! W9DS4 ,N[ ? _C
TAKE PLACE 9 ! CASE ( PLANTS1 NOR 9DE$ 9
! CASE ( C]TA9 CLASSES ( ANIMAL1 = N ALL
CLASSES ( ANIMAL BR1!4 ,? FACT HAS
ESCAP$ ! NOTICE (! HOLD]S ( ? VIEW4
  ,IF WE M/ 3/RUCT ! S\L \ (! ELE;TS1 "!
IS NO NECESS;Y 6SUPPOSE T ALL ! ELE;TS
5T] 96XS 3/RUC;N2 "O ELE;T 9 EA* PAIR (
3TR>IES W SU6ICE 65A# X 6"K BO? T ELE;T
XF & XS 3TR>Y4 ,0M1NS (! /RAI<T L9E WE
"K BO? XF &! CURV$-! C>P5T]'S RULE 5A#S
U 6TE/ BO?-B :AT IS CURV$ DOES N 5A# U
64T+UI% EI XF OR ! /RAI<T4 ,C]TA9 ?9K]S
SAY T S\L IS 9T]M+L$ 9 ! :OLE UNIV]SE1 &
X IS P]H = T R1SON T ,?ALES CAME 6!
OP9ION T ALL ?+S >E FULL ( GODS4 ,?
PRES5TS "S DI6ICULTIES3 ,:Y DOES ! S\L
:5 X RESIDES 9 AIR OR FIRE N =M AN
ANIMAL1 :ILE X DOES S :5 X RESIDES 9
MIXTURES (! ELE;TS1 & T AL? X IS HELD
6BE ( HI<] QUAL;Y :5 3TA9$ 9 ! =M]8 7,"O
MI<T ADD ! "Q1 :Y ! S\L 9 AIR IS MA9TA9$
6BE HI<] & M IMMORTAL ?AN T 9 ANIMALS47
,BO? POSSI# WAYS ( REPLY+ 6! =M] "Q L1D
6ABSURD;Y OR P>ADOX2 = X IS 2Y P>ADOX
6SAY T FIRE OR AIR IS AN ANIMAL1 & X IS
ABSURD 6REFUSE ! "N ( ANIMAL 6:AT HAS
S\L 9 X4 ,! OP9ION T ! ELE;TS H S\L 9 !M
SEEMS 6H >IS5 F ! DOCTR9E T A :OLE M/ 2
HOMOG5E\S ) XS "PS4 ,IF X IS TRUE T
ANIMALS 2COME ANIMATE 0DRAW+ 96!MVS A
POR;N ( :AT SURR.DS !M1 ! "PISANS ( ?
VIEW >E B.D 6SAY T ! S\L (! ,:OLE TOO IS
HOMOG5E\S ) ALL XS "PS4 ,IF ! AIR SUCK$
9 IS HOMOG5E\S1 B S\L HET]OG5E\S1 CLE>LY
:ILE "S "P ( S\L W EXI/ 9 ! 9BR1!D AIR1
"S O!R "P W N4 ,! S\L M/ EI 2 HOMOG5E\S1
OR S* T "! >E "S "PS (! ,:OLE 9 : X IS N
6BE F.D4
  ,F :AT HAS BE5 SD X IS N[ CLE> T "K+ Z
AN ATTRIBUTE ( S\L _C 2 EXPLA9$ 0S\L'S
2+ -POS$ (! ELE;TS1 & T X IS NEI S.D NOR
TRUE 6SP1K ( S\L Z MOV$4 ,B S9CE 7A7
"K+1 P]CVG1 OP9+1 & FUR!R 7B7 DESIR+1
WI%+1 & G5],Y ALL O!R MODES ( APPETI;N1
2L;G 6S\L1 & 7C7 ! LOCAL MOVE;TS (
ANIMALS1 & 7D7 GR[?1 MATUR;Y1 & DECAY >E
PRODUC$ 0! S\L1 WE M/ ASK :E!R EA* ( ^!
IS AN ATTRIBUTE (! S\L Z A :OLE1 I4E4
:E!R X IS )! :OLE S\L WE ?9K1 P]CV1 MOVE
\RVS1 ACT OR >E ACT$ ^U1 OR :E!R EA* (
!M REQUIRES A DI6]5T "P (! S\L8 ,S TOO )
REG>D 6LIFE4 ,DOES X DEP5D ON "O (! "PS
( S\L8 ,OR IS X DEP5D5T ON M ?AN "O8 ,OR
ON ALL8 ,OR HAS X "S Q O!R CAUSE8
  ,"S HOLD T ! S\L IS DIVISI#1 & T "O "P
?9KS1 ANO!R DESIRES4 ,IF1 !N1 XS NATURE
ADMITS ( XS 2+ DIVID$1 :AT C X 2 T HOLDS
! "PS TGR8 ,SURELY N ! BODY2 ON ! 3TR>Y
X SEEMS R 6BE ! S\L T HOLDS ! BODY TGR2
AT ANY RATE :5 ! S\L DE"PS ! BODY
49TEGRATES & DECAYS4 ,IF1 !N1 "! IS "S?+
ELSE : MAKES ! S\L "O1 ? UNIFY+ AG5CY WD
H ! BE/ "R 6! "N ( S\L1 & WE % H 6REP1T
= X ! "Q3 ,IS X "O OR MULTI"PITE8 ,IF X
IS "O1 :Y N AT ONCE ADMIT T ,8! S\L0' IS
"O8 ,IF X HAS "PS1 ONCE M ! "Q M/ 2 PUT3
,:AT HOLDS XS "PS TGR1 & S AD 9F9ITUM8
  ,! "Q MI<T AL 2 RAIS$ AB ! "PS (! S\L3
  ,:AT IS ! SEP>ATE ROLE ( EA* 9 REL,N
6! BODY8 ,=1 IF ! :OLE S\L HOLDS TGR !
:OLE BODY1 WE %D EXPECT EA* "P (! S\L
6HOLD TGR A "P (! BODY4 ,B ? SEEMS AN
IMPOSSIBIL;Y2 X IS DI6ICULT EV5 6IMAG9E
:AT SORT ( BODILY "P M9D W HOLD TGR1 OR
H[ X W D ?4
  ,X IS A FACT ( OBS]V,N T PLANTS &
C]TA9 9SECTS G ON LIV+ :5 DIVID$
96SEG;TS2 ? M1NS T EA* (! SEG;TS HAS A
S\L 9 X ID5TICAL 9 SPECIES1 ?\< N
NUM]IC,Y ID5TICAL 9 ! DI6]5T SEG;TS1 =
BO? (! SEG;TS =A "T POSSESS ! P[] (
S5S,N & LOCAL MOVE;T4 ,T ? DOES N LA/ IS
N SURPRIS+1 = !Y NO L;G] POSSESS !
ORGANS NEC = SELF-MA9T5.E4 ,B1 ALL !
SAME1 9 EA* (! BODILY "PS "! >E PRES5T
ALL ! "PS ( S\L1 &! S\LS S PRES5T >E
HOMOG5E\S ) "O ANO!R &)! :OLE2 ? M1NS T
! S"EAL "PS (! S\L >E 9DISS"EA# F "O
ANO!R1 AL? ! :OLE S\L IS DIVISI#4 ,X
SEEMS AL T ! PR9CIPLE F.D 9 PLANTS IS AL
A K9D ( S\L2 = ? IS ! ONLY PR9CIPLE : IS
-MON 6BO? ANIMALS & PLANTS2 & ? EXI/S 9
ISOL,N F ! PR9CIPLE ( S5S,N1 ?\< "! NO?+
: HAS ! LATT] )\T ! =M]4

               ,BOOK ,,II
                   #A

  ,LET ! =EGO+ SU6ICE Z \R A3.T (! VIEWS
3C]N+ ! S\L : H BE5 H&$ ON 0\R
PR$ECESSORS2 LET U N[ 4MISS !M & MAKE Z
X 7 A -PLETELY FRE% />T1 5D1V\R+ 6GIVE A
PRECISE ANSW] 6! "Q1 ,:AT IS S\L8 I4E4
6=MULATE ! MO/ G5]AL POSSI# DEF9I;N ( X4
  ,WE >E 9 ! HABIT ( RECOGNIZ+1 Z "O
DET]M9ATE K9D ( :AT IS1 SUB/.E1 & T 9
S"EAL S5SES1 7A7 9 ! S5SE ( MATT] OR T :
9 XF IS N 'A ?0'1 & 7B7 9 ! S5SE ( =M OR
ESS;E1 : IS T PRECISELY 9 VIRTUE ( : A
?+ IS CALL$ 'A ?0'1 & ?IRDLY 7C7 9 !
S5SE ( T : IS -P.D$ ( BO? 7A7 & 7B74 ,N[
MATT] IS POT5TIAL;Y1 =M ACTUAL;Y2 (!
LATT] "! >E TWO GRADES RELAT$ 6"O ANO!R
Z E4G4 K 6! EX]CISE ( K4
  ,AM;G SUB/.ES >E 0G5]AL 3S5T RECKON$
BODIES & ESPECI,Y NATURAL BODIES2 = !Y
>E ! PR9CIPLES ( ALL O!R BODIES4 ,(
NATURAL BODIES "S H LIFE 9 !M1 O!RS N2
0LIFE WE M1N SELF-NUTRI;N & GR[? 7) XS
CORRELATIVE DECAY74 ,X FOLL[S T E
NATURAL BODY : HAS LIFE 9 X IS A SUB/.E
9 ! S5SE (A -POSITE4
  ,B S9CE X IS AL A BODY ( S* & S* A
K9D1 VIZ4 HAV+ LIFE1 ! BODY _C 2 S\L2 !
BODY IS ! SUBJECT OR MATT]1 N :AT IS
ATTRIBUT$ 6X4 ,H;E ! S\L M/ 2 A SUB/.E 9
! S5SE (! =M (A NATURAL BODY HAV+ LIFE
POT5TI,Y )9 X4 ,B SUB/.E IS ACTUAL;Y1 &
?US S\L IS ! ACTUAL;Y (A BODY Z ABV
"*IZ$4 ,N[ ! ^W ACTUAL;Y HAS TWO S5SES
CORRESPOND+ RESPECTIVELY 6! POSSES.N ( K
&! ACTUAL EX]CISE ( K4 ,X IS OBVI\S T !
S\L IS ACTUAL;Y 9 ! F/ S5SE1 VIZ4 T ( K
Z POSSESS$1 = BO? SLEEP+ & WAK+
PRESUPPOSE ! EXI/;E ( S\L1 &( ^! WAK+
CORRESPONDS 6ACTUAL "K+1 SLEEP+ 6K
POSSESS$ B N EMPLOY$1 &1 9 ! HI/ORY (!
9DIVIDUAL1 K -ES 2F XS EMPLOY;T OR
EX]CISE4
  ,T IS :Y ! S\L IS ! F/ GRADE (
ACTUAL;Y (A NATURAL BODY HAV+ LIFE
POT5TI,Y 9 X4 ,! BODY S DESCRIB$ IS A
BODY : IS ORGANIZ$4 ,! "PS ( PLANTS 9
SPITE ( _! EXTREME SIMPLIC;Y >E
,8ORGANS0'2 E4G4 ! L1F S]VES 6%ELT] !
P]IC>P1 ! P]IC>P 6%ELT] ! FRUIT1 :ILE !
ROOTS ( PLANTS >E ANALOG\S 6! M\? (
ANIMALS1 BO? S]V+ =! ABSORP;N ( FOOD4
,IF1 !N1 WE H 6GIVE A G5]AL =MULA
APPLICA# 6ALL K9DS ( S\L1 WE M/ DESCRIBE
X Z ! F/ GRADE ( ACTUAL;Y (A NATURAL
ORGANIZ$ BODY4 ,T IS :Y WE C :OLLY 4MISS
Z UNNEC ! "Q :E!R ! S\L &! BODY >E "O3 X
IS Z M1N+.S Z 6ASK :E!R ! WAX &! %APE
GIV5 6X 0! /AMP >E "O1 OR G5],Y ! MATT]
(A ?+ & T ( : X IS ! MATT]4 ,UN;Y HAS _M
S5SES 7Z _M Z ,8IS0' HAS71 B ! MO/ PROP]
& FUNDA;TAL S5SE ( BO? IS ! REL,N ( AN
ACTUAL;Y 6T ( : X IS ! ACTUAL;Y4 ,WE H
N[ GIV5 AN ANSW] 6! "Q1 ,:AT IS S\L8-AN
ANSW] : APPLIES 6X 9 XS FULL EXT5T4 ,X
IS SUB/.E 9 ! S5SE : CORRESPONDS 6!
DEF9ITIVE =MULA (A ?+'S ESS;E4 ,T M1NS T
X IS ,8! ESS5TIAL :AT;S0' (A BODY (! "*
J ASSIGN$4 ,SUPPOSE T :AT IS LIT],Y AN
,8ORGAN0'1 L AN AXE1 7 A NATURAL BODY1
XS ,8ESS5TIAL :AT;S0'1 WD H BE5 XS
ESS;E1 & S XS S\L2 IF ? 4APPE>$ F X1 X
WD H C1S$ 6BE AN AXE1 EXCEPT 9 "N4 ,Z X
IS1 X IS J AN AXE2 X WANTS ! "* : IS
REQUIR$ 6MAKE XS :AT;S OR =MULA# ESS;E A
S\L2 = T1 X WD H _H 6BE A NATURAL BODY (
A "PICUL> K9D1 VIZ4 "O HAV+ 9 XF ! P[] (
SETT+ XF 9 MOVE;T & >RE/+ XF4 ,NEXT1
APPLY ? DOCTR9E 9 ! CASE (! ,8"PS0' (!
LIV+ BODY4 ,SUPPOSE T ! EYE 7 AN ANIMAL-
SI<T WD H BE5 XS S\L1 = SI<T IS ! SUB/.E
OR ESS;E (! EYE : CORRESPONDS 6! =MULA1
! EYE 2+ M]ELY ! MATT] ( SEE+2 :5 SEE+
IS REMOV$ ! EYE IS NO L;G] AN EYE1
EXCEPT 9 "N-X IS NO M A R1L EYE ?AN !
EYE (A /ATUE OR (A PA9T$ FIGURE4 ,WE M/
N[ EXT5D \R 3SID],N F ! ,8"PS0' 6! :OLE
LIV+ BODY2 = :AT ! DE"P;TAL S5SE IS 6!
BODILY "P : IS XS ORGAN1 T ! :OLE
FACULTY ( S5SE IS 6! :OLE S5SITIVE BODY
Z S*4
  ,WE M/ N "U/& 0T : IS ,8POT5TI,Y CAPA#
( LIV+0' :AT HAS LO/ ! S\L X _H1 B ONLY
:AT / RETA9S X2 B SE$S & FRUITS >E
BODIES : POSSESS ! QUALIFIC,N4
,3SEQU5TLY1 :ILE WAK+ IS ACTUAL;Y 9 A
S5SE CORRESPOND+ 6! CUTT+ &! SEE+1 ! S\L
IS ACTUAL;Y 9 ! S5SE CORRESPOND+ 6! P[]
( SI<T &! P[] 9 ! TOOL2 ! BODY
CORRESPONDS 6:AT EXI/S 9 POT5TIAL;Y2 Z !
PUPIL PLUS ! P[] ( SI<T 3/ITUTES ! EYE1
S ! S\L PLUS ! BODY 3/ITUTES ! ANIMAL4
  ,F ? X 9DUBITABLY FOLL[S T ! S\L IS
9SEP>A# F XS BODY1 OR AT ANY RATE T
C]TA9 "PS ( X >E 7IF X HAS "PS7 =!
ACTUAL;Y ( "S ( !M IS NO?+ B !
ACTUALITIES ( _! BODILY "PS4 ,YET "S MAY
2 SEP>A# 2C !Y >E N ! ACTUALITIES ( ANY
BODY AT ALL4 ,FUR!R1 WE H NO LI<T ON !
PRO#M :E!R ! S\L MAY N 2 ! ACTUAL;Y ( XS
BODY 9 ! S5SE 9 : ! SAILOR IS ! ACTUAL;Y
(! %IP4
  ,? M/ SU6ICE Z \R SKET* OR \TL9E
DET]M9,N (! NATURE ( S\L4

                   #B

  ,S9CE :AT IS CLE> OR LOGIC,Y M EVID5T
EM]GES F :AT 9 XF IS 3FUS$ B M OBS]VA#
0U1 WE M/ RECONSID] \R RESULTS F ? PO9T
( VIEW4 ,= X IS N 5 =A DEF9ITIVE =MULA
6EXPRESS Z MO/ N[ D ! M]E FACT2 X M/
9CLUDE & EXHIBIT ! GR.D AL4 ,AT PRES5T
DEF9I;NS >E GIV5 9 A =M ANALOG\S 6!
3CLU.N (A SYLLOGISM2 E4G4 ,:AT IS SQU>+8
,! 3/RUC;N ( AN EQUILAT]AL RECTANGLE
EQUAL 6A GIV5 OBL;G RECTANGLE4 ,S* A
DEF9I;N IS 9 =M EQUIVAL5T 6A 3CLU.N4 ,"O
T TELLS U T SQU>+ IS ! 4COV]Y (A L9E :
IS A M1N PROPOR;NAL 2T ! TWO UNEQUAL
SIDES (! GIV5 RECTANGLE 4CLOSES ! GR.D (
:AT IS DEF9$4
  ,WE RESUME \R 9QUIRY F A FRE% />T+-
PO9T 0CALL+ ATT5;N 6! FACT T :AT HAS S\L
9 X DI6]S F :AT HAS N1 9 T ! =M] 4PLAYS
LIFE4 ,N[ ? ^W HAS M ?AN "O S5SE1 &
PROVID$ ANY "O AL"O ( ^! IS F.D 9 A ?+
WE SAY T ?+ IS LIV+4 ,LIV+1 T IS1 MAY
M1N ?9K+ OR P]CEP;N OR LOCAL MOVE;T &
RE/1 OR MOVE;T 9 ! S5SE ( NUTRI;N1 DECAY
& GR[?4 ,H;E WE ?9K ( PLANTS AL Z LIV+1
= !Y >E OBS]V$ 6POSSESS 9 !MVS AN
ORIG9ATIVE P[] "? : !Y 9CR1SE OR DECR1SE
9 ALL SPATIAL DIREC;NS2 !Y GR[ UP & D[N1
& "EY?+ T GR[S 9CR1SES XS BULK ALIKE 9
BO? DIREC;NS OR 9DE$ 9 ALL1 & 3T9UES
6LIVE S L;G Z X C ABSORB NUTRI;T4
  ,? P[] ( SELF-NUTRI;N C 2 ISOLAT$ F !
O!R P[]S M5;N$1 B N !Y F X-IN MORTAL 2+S
AT L1/4 ,! FACT IS OBVI\S 9 PLANTS2 = X
IS ! ONLY PSY*IC P[] !Y POSSESS4
  ,? IS ! ORIG9ATIVE P[] ! POSSES.N ( :
L1DS U 6SP1K ( ?+S Z LIV+ AT ALL1 B X IS
! POSSES.N ( S5S,N T L1DS U =! F/ "T
6SP1K ( LIV+ ?+S Z ANIMALS2 = EV5 ^? 2+S
: POSSESS NO P[] ( LOCAL MOVE;T B D
POSSESS ! P[] ( S5S,N WE CALL ANIMALS &
N M]ELY LIV+ ?+S4
  ,! PRIM>Y =M ( S5SE IS T\*1 : 2L;GS
6ALL ANIMALS4 J Z ! P[] ( SELF-NUTRI;N C
2 ISOLAT$ F T\* & S5S,N G5],Y1 S T\* C 2
ISOLAT$ F ALL O!R =MS ( S5SE4 7,0! P[] (
SELF-NUTRI;N WE M1N T DE"P;TAL P[] (!
S\L : IS -MON 6PLANTS & ANIMALS3 ALL
ANIMALS :ATSO"E >E OBS]V$ 6H ! S5SE (
T\*47 ,:AT ! EXPLAN,N ( ^! TWO FACTS IS1
WE M/ 4CUSS LAT]4 ,AT PRES5T WE M/ 3F9E
\RVS 6SAY+ T S\L IS ! S\RCE ( ^! PH5OM5A
& IS "*IZ$ 0!M1 VIZ4 0! P[]S ( SELF-
NUTRI;N1 S5S,N1 ?9K+1 & MOTIV;Y4
  ,IS EA* ( ^! A S\L OR A "P (A S\L8 ,&
IF A "P1 A "P 9 :AT S5SE8 ,A "P M]ELY
4T+UI%A# 0DEF9I;N OR A "P 4T9CT 9 LOCAL
SITU,N Z WELL8 ,9 ! CASE ( C]TA9 ( ^!
P[]S1 ! ANSW]S 6^! "QS >E EASY1 9 ! CASE
( O!RS WE >E PUZZL$ :AT 6SAY4 J Z 9 !
CASE ( PLANTS : :5 DIVID$ >E OBS]V$
63T9UE 6LIVE ?\< REMOV$ 6A 4T.E F "O
ANO!R 7?US %[+ T 9 _! CASE ! S\L ( EA*
9DIVIDUAL PLANT 2F DIVI.N 0 ACTU,Y "O1
POT5TI,Y _M71 S WE NOTICE A SIMIL>
RESULT 9 O!R V>IETIES ( S\L1 I4E4 9
9SECTS : H BE5 CUT 9 TWO2 EA* (! SEG;TS
POSSESSES BO? S5S,N & LOCAL MOVE;T2 & IF
S5S,N1 NECESS>ILY AL IMAG9,N & APPETI;N2
=1 ": "! IS S5S,N1 "! IS AL PL1SURE &
PA91 &1 ": ^!1 NECESS>ILY AL DESIRE4
  ,WE H NO EVID;E Z YET AB M9D OR ! P[]
6?9K2 X SEEMS 6BE A WIDELY DI6]5T K9D (
S\L1 DI6]+ Z :AT IS ET]NAL F :AT IS
P]I%A#2 X AL"O IS CAPA# ( EXI/;E 9
ISOL,N F ALL O!R PSY*IC P[]S4 ,ALL ! O!R
"PS ( S\L1 X IS EVID5T F :AT WE H SD1
>E1 9 SPITE ( C]TA9 /ATE;TS 6! 3TR>Y1
9CAPA# ( SEP>ATE EXI/;E ?\<1 ( C\RSE1
4T+UI%A# 0DEF9I;N4 ,IF OP9+ IS 4T9CT F
P]CVG1 6BE CAPA# ( OP9+ & 6BE CAPA# (
P]CVG M/ 2 4T9CT1 & S ) ALL ! O!R =MS (
LIV+ ABV ENUM]AT$4 ,FUR!R1 "S ANIMALS
POSSESS ALL ^! "PS ( S\L1 "S C]TA9 ( !M
ONLY1 O!RS "O ONLY 7? IS :AT 5A#S U
6CLASSIFY ANIMALS72 ! CAUSE M/ 2 3SID]$
LAT]40' ,A SIMIL> >RANGE;T IS F.D AL )9
! FIELD (! S5SES2 "S CLASSES ( ANIMALS H
ALL ! S5SES1 "S ONLY C]TA9 ( !M1 O!RS
ONLY "O1 ! MO/ 9DISP5SA#1 T\*4
  ,S9CE ! EXPRES.N ,8T ":BY WE LIVE &
P]CV0' HAS TWO M1N+S1 J L ! EXPRES.N ,8T
":BY WE "K'-T MAY M1N EI 7A7 K OR 7B7 !
S\L1 = WE C SP1K ( "K+ 0OR ) EI1 &
SIMIL>LY T ":BY WE >E 9 H1L? MAY 2 EI
7A7 H1L? OR 7B7 ! BODY OR "S "P (! BODY2
& S9CE (! TWO T]MS ?US 3TRA/$ K OR H1L?
IS ! "N (A =M1 ESS;E1 OR RATIO1 OR IF WE
S EXPRESS X AN ACTUAL;Y (A RECIPI5T
MATT]-K ( :AT IS CAPA# ( "K+1 H1L? ( :AT
IS CAPA# ( 2+ MADE H1L?Y 7=! OP],N ( T :
IS CAPA# ( ORIG9AT+ *ANGE T]M9ATES & HAS
XS S1T 9 :AT IS *ANG$ OR ALT]$72 FUR!R1
S9CE X IS ! S\L 0OR ) : PRIM>ILY WE
LIVE1 P]CV1 & ?9K3-X FOLL[S T ! S\L M/ 2
A RATIO OR =MULA# ESS;E1 N A MATT] OR
SUBJECT4 ,=1 Z WE SD1 ^W SUB/.E HAS ?REE
M1N+S =M1 MATT]1 &! -PLEX ( BO? &( ^!
?REE :AT IS CALL$ MATT] IS POT5TIAL;Y1
:AT IS CALL$ =M ACTUAL;Y4 ,S9CE !N !
-PLEX "H IS ! LIV+ ?+1 ! BODY _C 2 !
ACTUAL;Y (! S\L2 X IS ! S\L : IS !
ACTUAL;Y (A C]TA9 K9D ( BODY4 ,H;E !
"R;S (! VIEW T ! S\L _C 2 )\T A BODY1
:ILE X CSNNOT HE A BODY2 X IS N A BODY B
"S?+ RELATIVE 6A BODY4 ,T IS :Y X IS 9 A
BODY1 &A BODY (A DEF9ITE K9D4 ,X 0 A
MISTAKE1 "!=E1 6D Z =M] ?9K]S DID1 M]ELY
6FIT X 96A BODY )\T A4+ A DEF9ITE
SPECIFIC,N (! K9D OR "* ( T BODY4
,REFLEC;N 3FIRMS ! OBS]V$ FACT2 !
ACTUAL;Y ( ANY GIV5 ?+ C ONLY 2 R1LIZ$ 9
:AT IS ALR POT5TI,Y T ?+1 I4E4 9 A MATT]
( XS [N APPROPRIATE 6X4 ,F ALL ? X
FOLL[S T S\L IS AN ACTUAL;Y OR =MULA#
ESS;E ( "S?+ T POSSESSES A POT5TIAL;Y (
2+ 2S\L$4

                   #C

  ,(! PSY*IC P[]S ABV ENUM]AT$ "S K9DS (
LIV+ ?+S1 Z WE H SD1 POSSESS ALL1 "S
LESS ?AN ALL1 O!RS "O ONLY4 ,^? WE H
M5;N$ >E ! NUTRITIVE1 ! APPETITIVE1 !
S5SORY1 ! LOCOMOTIVE1 &! P[] ( ?9K+4
,PLANTS H N"O B ! F/1 ! NUTRITIVE1 :ILE
ANO!R ORD] ( LIV+ ?+S HAS ? PLUS !
S5SORY4 ,IF ANY ORD] ( LIV+ ?+S HAS !
S5SORY1 X M/ AL H ! APPETITIVE2 =
APPETITE IS ! G5US ( : DESIRE1 PAS.N1 &
WI% >E ! SPECIES2 N[ ALL ANIMALS H "O
S5SE AT L1/1 VIZ4 T\*1 & :AT"E HAS A
S5SE HAS ! CAPAC;Y = PL1SURE & PA9 &
"!=E HAS PL1SANT & PA9;L OBJECTS PRES5T
6X1 & :]"E ^! >E PRES5T1 "! IS DESIRE1 =
DESIRE IS J APPETI;N ( :AT IS PL1SANT4
,FUR!R1 ALL ANIMALS H ! S5SE = FOOD 7=
T\* IS ! S5SE = FOOD72 ! FOOD ( ALL LIV+
?+S 3SI/S ( :AT IS DRY1 MOI/1 HOT1 COLD1
& ^! >E ! QUALITIES APPREH5D$ 0T\*2 ALL
O!R S5SI# QUALITIES >E APPREH5D$ 0T\*
ONLY 9DIRECTLY4 ,S.DS1 COL\RS1 & OD\RS
3TRIBUTE NO?+ 6NUTRI;T2 FLAV\RS FALL )9
! FIELD ( TANGI# QUALITIES4 ,HUNG] &
?IR/ >E =MS ( DESIRE1 HUNG] A DESIRE =
:AT IS DRY & HOT1 ?IR/ A DESIRE = :AT IS
COLD & MOI/2 FLAV\R IS A SORT ( S1SON+
A4$ 6BO?4 ,WE M/ LAT] CLE> UP ^! PO9TS1
B AT PRES5T X MAY 2 5 6SAY T ALL ANIMALS
T POSSESS ! S5SE ( T\* H AL APPETI;N4 ,!
CASE ( IMAG9,N IS OBSCURE2 WE M/ EXAM9E
X LAT]4 ,C]TA9 K9DS ( ANIMALS POSSESS 9
A4I;N ! P[] ( LOCOMO;N1 & / ANO!R ORD] (
ANIMATE 2+S1 I4E4 MAN & POSSIBLY ANO!R
ORD] L MAN OR SUP]IOR 6HM1 ! P[] ( ?9K+1
I4E4 M9D4 ,X IS N[ EVID5T T A S+LE
DEF9I;N C 2 GIV5 ( S\L ONLY 9 ! SAME
S5SE Z "O C 2 GIV5 ( FIGURE4 ,=1 Z 9 T
CASE "! IS NO FIGURE 4T+UI%A# & A"P F
TRIANGLE1 &C41 S "H "! IS NO S\L A"P F !
=MS ( S\L J ENUM]AT$4 ,X IS TRUE T A
HI<LY G5]AL DEF9I;N C 2 GIV5 = FIGURE :
W FIT ALL FIGURES )\T EXPRESS+ ! PECULI>
NATURE ( ANY FIGURE4 ,S "H 9 ! CASE (
S\L & XS SPECIFIC =MS4 ,H;E X IS ABSURD
9 ? & SIMIL> CASES 6DEM& AN ABSOLUTELY
G5]AL DEF9I;N : W FAIL 6EXPRESS !
PECULI> NATURE ( ANY?+ T IS1 OR AG1
OMITT+ ?1 6LOOK = SEP>ATE DEF9I;NS
CORRESPOND+ 6EA* 9FIMA SPECIES4 ,! CASES
( FIGURE & S\L >E EXACTLY P>ALLEL2 =!
"PICUL>S SUBSUM$ "U ! -MON "N 9 BO?
CASES-FIGURES & LIV+ 2+S-3/ITUTE A
S]IES1 EA* SU3ESSIVE T]M ( : POT5TI,Y
3TA9S XS PR$ECESSOR1 E4G4 ! SQU>E !
TRIANGLE1 ! S5SORY P[] ! SELF-NUTRITIVE4
,H;E WE M/ ASK 9 ! CASE ( EA* ORD] (
LIV+ ?+S1 ,:AT IS XS S\L1 I4E4 ,:AT IS !
S\L ( PLANT1 ANIMAL1 MAN8 ,:Y ! T]MS >E
RELAT$ 9 ? S]IAL WAY M/ =M ! SUBJECT (
LAT] EXAM9,N4 ,B ! FACTS >E T ! P[] (
P]CEP;N IS N"E F.D A"P F ! P[] ( SELF-
NUTRI;N1 :ILE-IN PLANTS-! LATT] IS F.D
ISOLAT$ F ! =M]4 ,AG1 NO S5SE IS F.D A"P
F T ( T\*1 :ILE T\* IS F.D 0XF2 _M
ANIMALS H NEI SI<T1 HE>+1 NOR SMELL4
,AG1 AM;G LIV+ ?+S T POSSESS S5SE "S H !
P[] ( LOCOMO;N1 "S N4 ,LA/LY1 C]TA9 LIV+
2+S-A SMALL M9OR;Y-POSSESS CALCUL,N &
?"\1 = 7AM;G MORTAL 2+S7 ^? : POSSESS
CALCUL,N H ALL ! O!R P[]S ABV M5;N$1
:ILE ! 3V]SE DOES N HOLD-9DE$ "S LIVE
0IMAG9,N AL"O1 :ILE O!RS H N EV5
IMAG9,N4 ,! M9D T "KS ) IMM 9TUI;N
PRES5TS A DI6]5T PRO#M4
  ,X IS EVID5T T ! WAY 6GIVE ! MO/
ADEQUATE DEF9I;N ( S\L IS 6SEEK 9 ! CASE
( EA* ( XS =MS =! MO/ APPROPRIATE
DEF9I;N4

                   #D

  ,X IS NEC =! /UD5T ( ^! =MS ( S\L F/
6F9D A DEF9I;N ( EA*1 EXPRESSIVE ( :AT X
IS1 & !N 69VE/IGATE XS DERIVATIVE
PROP]TIES1 &C4 ,B IF WE >E 6EXPRESS :AT
EA* IS1 VIZ4 :AT ! ?9K+ P[] IS1 OR !
P]CEPTIVE1 OR ! NUTRITIVE1 WE M/ G F>!R
BACK & F/ GIVE AN A3.T ( ?9K+ OR P]CVG1
= 9 ! ORD] ( 9VE/IG,N ! "Q ( :AT AN AG5T
DOES PREC$ES ! "Q1 :AT 5A#S X 6D :AT X
DOES4 ,IF ? IS CORRECT1 WE M/ ON ! SAME
GR.D G YET ANO!R /EP F>!R BACK & H "S
CLE> VIEW (! OBJECTS ( EA*2 ?US WE M/
/>T ) ^! OBJECTS1 E4G4 ) FOOD1 ) :AT IS
P]CEPTI#1 OR ) :AT IS 9TELLIGI#4
  ,X FOLL[S T F/ ( ALL WE M/ TR1T (
NUTRI;N & REPRODUC;N1 =! NUTRITIVE S\L
IS F.D AL;G ) ALL ! O!RS & IS ! MO/
PRIMITIVE & WIDELY 4TRIBUT$ P[] ( S\L1
2+ 9DE$ T "O 9 VIRTUE ( : ALL >E SD 6H
LIFE4 ,! ACTS 9 : X MANIFE/S XF >E
REPRODUC;N &! USE ( FOOD-REPRODUC;N1 ,I
SAY1 2C = ANY LIV+ ?+ T HAS R1*$ XS
NORMAL DEVELOP;T & : IS UNMUTILAT$1 & ^:
MODE ( G5],N IS N SPONTANE\S1 ! MO/
NATURAL ACT IS ! PRODUC;N ( ANO!R L XF1
AN ANIMAL PRODUC+ AN ANIMAL1 A PLANT A
PLANT1 9 ORD] T1 Z F> Z XS NATURE ALL[S1
X MAY P>TAKE 9 ! ET]NAL & DIV9E4 ,T IS !
GOAL T[>DS : ALL ?+S /RIVE1 T =! SAKE (
: !Y D :ATSO"E _! NATURE R5D]S POSSI#4
,! PHRASE ,8=! SAKE ( :0' IS AMBIGU\S2 X
MAY M1N EI 7A7 ! 5D 6A*IEVE :1 OR 7B7 !
2+ 9 ^: 9T]E/1 ! ACT IS D"O4 ,S9CE !N NO
LIV+ ?+ IS A# 6P>TAKE 9 :AT IS ET]NAL &
DIV9E 0UN9T]RUPT$ 3T9U.E 7= NO?+ P]I%A#
C = "E REMA9 "O &! SAME71 X TRIES
6A*IEVE T 5D 9 ! ONLY WAY POSSI# 6X1 &
SU3ESS IS POSSI# 9 V>Y+ DEGREES2 S X
REMA9S N 9DE$ Z ! SELF-SAME 9DIVIDUAL B
3T9UES XS EXI/;E 9 "S?+ L XF-N NUM]IC,Y
B SPECIFIC,Y "O4
  ,! S\L IS ! CAUSE OR S\RCE (! LIV+
BODY4 ,! T]MS CAUSE & S\RCE H _M S5SES4
,B ! S\L IS ! CAUSE ( XS BODY ALIKE 9
ALL ?REE S5SES : WE EXPLICITLY
RECOGNIZE4 ,X IS 7A7 ! S\RCE OR ORIG9 (
MOVE;T1 X IS 7B7 ! 5D1 X IS 7C7 ! ESS;E
(! :OLE LIV+ BODY4
  ,T X IS ! LA/1 IS CLE>2 = 9 "EY?+ !
ESS;E IS ID5TICAL )! GR.D ( XS 2+1 & "H1
9 ! CASE ( LIV+ ?+S1 _! 2+ IS 6LIVE1 &(
_! 2+ & _! LIV+ ! S\L 9 !M IS ! CAUSE OR
S\RCE4 ,FUR!R1 ! ACTUAL;Y ( :AT"E IS
POT5TIAL IS ID5TICAL ) XS =MULA# ESS;E4
  ,X IS MANIFE/ T ! S\L IS AL ! F9AL
CAUSE ( XS BODY4 ,= ,NATURE1 L M9D1 ALW
DOES :AT"E X DOES =! SAKE ( "S?+1 : "S?+
IS XS 5D4 ,6T "S?+ CORRESPONDS 9 ! CASE
( ANIMALS ! S\L & 9 ? X FOLL[S ! ORD] (
NATURE2 ALL NATURAL BODIES >E ORGANS (!
S\L4 ,? IS TRUE ( ^? T 5T] 96! 3/ITU;N (
PLANTS Z WELL Z ( ^? : 5T] 96T (
ANIMALS4 ,? %[S T T ! SAKE ( : !Y >E IS
S\L4 ,WE M/ "H RECALL ! TWO S5SES ( ,8T
=! SAKE ( :0'1 VIZ4 7A7 ! 5D 6A*IEVE :1
& 7B7 ! 2+ 9 ^: 9T]E/1 ANY?+ IS OR IS
D"O4
  ,WE M/ MA9TA91 FUR!R1 T ! S\L IS AL !
CAUSE (! LIV+ BODY Z ! ORIG9AL S\RCE (
LOCAL MOVE;T4 ,! P[] ( LOCOMO;N IS N
F.D1 H["E1 9 ALL LIV+ ?+S4 ,B *ANGE (
QUAL;Y & *ANGE ( QUANT;Y >E AL DUE 6!
S\L4 ,S5S,N IS HELD 6BE A QUALITATIVE
ALT],N1 & NO?+ EXCEPT :AT HAS S\L 9 X IS
CAPA# ( S5S,N4 ,! SAME HOLDS (!
QUANTITATIVE *ANGES : 3/ITUTE GR[? &
DECAY2 NO?+ GR[S OR DECAYS NATUR,Y
EXCEPT :AT FE$S XF1 & NO?+ FE$S XF
EXCEPT :AT HAS A %>E ( S\L 9 X4
  ,EMP$OCLES IS WR;G 9 A4+ T GR[? 9
PLANTS IS 6BE EXPLA9$1 ! D[NW>D ROOT+ 0!
NATURAL T5D5CY ( E>? 6TRAVEL D[NW>DS1 &!
UPW>D BRAN*+ 0! SIMIL> NATURAL T5D5CY (
FIRE 6TRAVEL UPW>DS4 ,= HE MIS9T]PRETS
UP & D[N2 UP & D[N >E N = ALL ?+S :AT !Y
>E =! :OLE ,COSMOS3 IF WE >E 64T+UI% &
ID5TIFY ORGANS AC 6_! FUNC;NS1 ! ROOTS (
PLANTS >E ANALOG\S 6! H1D 9 ANIMALS4
,FUR!R1 WE M/ ASK :AT IS ! =CE T HOLDS
TGR ! E>? &! FIRE : T5D 6TRAVEL 9 3TR>Y
DIREC;NS2 IF "! IS NO C.T]ACT+ =CE1 !Y W
2 TORN AS"U2 IF "! IS1 ? M/ 2 ! S\L &!
CAUSE ( NUTRI;N & GR[?4 ,0"S ! ELE;T (
FIRE IS HELD 6BE ! CAUSE ( NUTRI;N &
GR[?1 = X AL"O (! PRIM>Y BODIES OR
ELE;TS IS OBS]V$ 6FE$ & 9CR1SE XF4 ,H;E
! SU7ES;N T 9 BO? PLANTS & ANIMALS X IS
X : IS ! OP]ATIVE =CE4 ,A 3CURR5T CAUSE
9 A S5SE X C]TA9LY IS1 B N ! PR9CIPAL
CAUSE1 T IS R ! S\L2 = :ILE ! GR[? (
FIRE GOES ON )\T LIMIT S L;G Z "! IS A
SUPPLY ( FUEL1 9 ! CASE ( ALL -PLEX
:OLES =M$ 9 ! C\RSE ( NATURE "! IS A
LIMIT OR RATIO : DET]M9ES _! SIZE &
9CR1SE1 & LIMIT & RATIO >E M>KS ( S\L B
N ( FIRE1 & 2L;G 6! SIDE ( =MULA# ESS;E
R ?AN T ( MATT]4
  ,NUTRI;N & REPRODUC;N >E DUE 6"O &!
SAME PSY*IC P[]4 ,X IS NEC F/ 6GIVE
PRECI.N 6\R A3.T ( FOOD1 = X IS 0?
FUNC;N ( ABSORB+ FOOD T ? PSY*IC P[] IS
4T+UI%$ F ALL ! O!RS4 ,! CURR5T VIEW IS
T :AT S]VES Z FOOD 6A LIV+ ?+ IS :AT IS
3TR>Y 6X-N T 9 E PAIR ( 3TR>IES EA* IS
FOOD 6! O!R3 6BE FOOD A 3TR>Y M/ N ONLY
2 TRANS=MA# 96! O!R & VICE V]SA1 X M/ AL
9 S DO+ 9CR1SE ! BULK (! O!R4 ,_M A
3TR>Y IS TRANS=M$ 96XS O!R & VICE V]SA1
": NEI IS EV5 A QUANTUM & S _C 9CR1SE 9
BULK1 E4G4 AN 9VALID 96A H1L?Y SUBJECT4
,X IS CLE> T N EV5 ^? 3TR>IES : SATISFY
BO? ! 3DI;NS M5;N$ ABV >E FOOD 6"O ANO!R
9 PRECISELY ! SAME S5SE2 WAT] MAY 2 SD
6FE$ FIRE1 B N FIRE WAT]4 ,": ! MEMB]S (
! PAIR >E ELE;T>Y BODIES ONLY "O (!
3TR>IES1 X WD APPE>1 C 2 SD 6FE$ ! O!R4
,B "! IS A DI6ICULTY "H4 ,"O SET ( ?9K]S
ASS]T T L F$1 Z WELL Z 9CR1S$ 9 AM.T1
0L4 ,ANO!R SET1 Z WE H SD1 MA9TA9 ! V
REV]SE1 VIZ4 T :AT FE$S & :AT IS F$ >E
3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R2 L1 !Y >GUE1 IS 9CAPA# (
2+ A6ECT$ 0L2 B FOOD IS *ANG$ 9 !
PROCESS ( DIGES;N1 & *ANGE IS ALW 6:AT
IS OPPOSITE OR 6:AT IS 9T]M$IATE4
,FUR!R1 FOOD IS ACT$ ^U 0:AT IS N\RI%$
0X1 N ! O!R WAY R.D1 Z TIMB] IS "W$ 0A
C>P5T] & N 3V]SELY2 "! IS A *ANGE 9 !
C>P5T] B X IS M]ELY A *ANGE F N-"W+
6"W+4 ,9 ANSW]+ ? PRO#M X MAKES ALL !
DI6];E :E!R WE M1N BY ,8! FOOD0' !
,8F9I%$0' OR ! ,8RAW0' PRODUCT4 ,IF WE
USE ! ^W FOOD ( BO?1 VIZ4 (! -PLETELY
UNDIGE/$ &! -PLETELY DIGE/$ MATT]1 WE C
JU/IFY BO? ! RIVAL A3.TS ( X2 TAK+ FOOD
9 ! S5SE ( UNDIGE/$ MATT]1 X IS ! 3TR>Y
( :AT IS F$ 0X1 TAK+ X Z DIGE/$ X IS L
:AT IS F$ 0X4 ,3SEQU5TLY X IS CLE> T 9 A
C]TA9 S5SE WE MAY SAY T BO? "PIES >E "R1
BO? WR;G4
  ,S9CE NO?+ EXCEPT :AT IS ALIVE C 2 F$1
:AT IS F$ IS ! 2S\L$ BODY & J 2C X HAS
S\L 9 X4 ,H;E FOOD IS ESS5TI,Y RELAT$
6:AT HAS S\L 9 X4 ,FOOD HAS A P[] : IS
O!R ?AN ! P[] 69CR1SE ! BULK ( :AT IS F$
0X2 S F> =? Z :AT HAS S\L 9 X IS A
QUANTUM1 FOOD MAY 9CR1SE XS QUANT;Y1 B X
IS ONLY S F> Z :AT HAS S\L 9 X IS A ,8?-
"S:AT0' OR SUB/.E T FOOD ACTS Z FOOD2 9
T CASE X MA9TA9S ! 2+ ( :AT IS F$1 & T
3T9UES 6BE :AT X IS S L;G Z ! PROCESS (
NUTRI;N 3T9UES4 ,FUR!R1 X IS ! AG5T 9
G5],N1 I4E4 N ! G5],N (! 9DIVIDUAL F$ B
! REPRODUC;N ( ANO!R L X2 ! SUB/.E (!
9DIVIDUAL F$ IS ALR 9 EXI/;E2 ! EXI/;E (
NO SUB/.E IS A SELF-G5],N B ONLY A SELF-
MA9T5.E4
  ,H;E ! PSY*IC P[] : WE >E N[ /UDY+ MAY
2 DESCRIB$ Z T : T5DS 6MA9TA9 :AT"E HAS
? P[] 9 X ( 3T9U+ S* Z X WAS1 & FOOD
HELPS X 6D XS "W4 ,T IS :Y1 IF DEPRIV$ (
FOOD1 X M/ C1SE 6BE4
  ,! PROCESS ( NUTRI;N 9VOLVES ?REE
FACTORS1 7A7 :AT IS F$1 7B7 T ":) X IS
F$1 7C7 :AT DOES ! FE$+2 ( ^! 7C7 IS !
F/ S\L1 7A7 ! BODY : HAS T S\L 9 X1 7B7
! FOOD4 ,B S9CE X IS "R 6CALL ?+S AF !
5DS !Y R1LIZE1 &! 5D ( ? S\L IS 6G5]ATE
ANO!R 2+ L T 9 : X IS1 ! F/ S\L "\ 6BE
"ND ! REPRODUCTIVE S\L4 ,! EXPRES.N 7B7
,8":) X IS F$0' IS AMBIGU\S J Z IS !
EXPRES.N ,8":) ! %IP IS /E]$0'2 T MAY
M1N EI 7I7 ! H& OR 7;II7 ! RU4]1 I4E4 EI
7I7 :AT IS MOV$ & SETS 9 MOVE;T1 OR
7;II7 :AT IS M]ELY MOV$4 ,WE C APPLY ?
ANALOGY "H IF WE RECALL T ALL FOOD M/ 2
CAPA# ( 2+ DIGE/$1 & T :AT PRODUCES
DIGES;N IS W>M?2 T IS :Y "EY?+ T HAS S\L
9 X POSSESSES W>M?4
  ,WE H N[ GIV5 AN \TL9E A3.T (! NATURE
( FOOD2 FUR!R DETAILS M/ 2 GIV5 9 !
APPROPRIATE PLACE4

                   #E

  ,HAV+ MADE ^! 4T9C;NS LET U N[ SP1K (
S5S,N 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE4 ,S5S,N DEP5DS1 Z
WE H SD1 ON A PROCESS ( MOVE;T OR A6EC;N
F )\T1 = X IS HELD 6BE "S SORT ( *ANGE (
QUAL;Y4 ,N[ "S ?9K]S ASS]T T L IS A6ECT$
ONLY 0L2 9 :AT S5SE ? IS POSSI# & 9 :AT
S5SE IMPOSSI#1 WE H EXPLA9$ 9 \R G5]AL
4CUS.N ( ACT+ & 2+ ACT$ ^U4
  ,"H >ISES A PRO#M3 :Y D WE N P]CV !
S5SES !MVS Z WELL Z ! EXT]NAL OBJECTS (
S5SE1 OR :Y )\T ! /IMUL,N ( EXT]NAL
OBJECTS D !Y N PRODUCE S5S,N1 SEE+ T !Y
3TA9 9 !MVS FIRE1 E>?1 & ALL ! O!R
ELE;TS1 : >E ! DIRECT OR 9DIRECT OBJECTS
IS S ( S5SE8 ,X IS CLE> T :AT IS
S5SITIVE IS ONLY POT5TI,Y1 N ACTU,Y4 ,!
P[] ( S5SE IS P>ALLEL 6:AT IS -BU/I#1 =
T N"E IGNITES XF SPONTANE\SLY1 B
REQUIRES AN AG5T : HAS ! P[] ( />T+
IGNI;N2 O!RWISE X CD H SET XF ON FIRE1 &
WD N H NE$$ ACTUAL FIRE 6SET X ABLAZE4
  ,9 REPLY WE M/ RECALL T WE USE ! ^W
,8P]CV0' 9 TWO WAYS1 = WE SAY 7A7 T :AT
HAS ! P[] 6HE> OR SEE1 ,8SEES0' OR
,8HE>S0'1 EV5 ?\< X IS AT ! MO;T ASLEEP1
& AL 7B7 T :AT IS ACTU,Y SEE+ OR HE>+1
,8SEES0' OR ,8HE>S0'4 ,H;E ,8S5SE0' TOO
M/ H TWO M1N+S1 S5SE POT5TIAL1 & S5SE
ACTUAL4 ,SIMIL>LY ,86BE A S5TI5T0' M1NS
EI 7A7 6H A C]TA9 P[] OR 7B7 6MANIFE/ A
C]TA9 ACTIV;Y4 ,62G9 )1 =A "T1 LET U
SP1K Z IF "! 7 NO DI6];E 2T 7I7 2+ MOV$
OR A6ECT$1 & 7;II7 2+ ACTIVE1 = MOVE;T
IS A K9D ( ACTIV;Y-AN IMP]FECT K9D1 Z
HAS ELSE": BE5 EXPLA9$4 ,"EY?+ T IS ACT$
^U OR MOV$ IS ACT$ ^U 0AN AG5T : IS
ACTU,Y AT "W4 ,H;E X IS T 9 "O S5SE1 Z
HAS ALR BE5 /AT$1 :AT ACTS & :AT IS ACT$
^U >E L1 9 ANO!R UNLIKE1 I4E4 PRIOR 6&
DUR+ ! *ANGE ! TWO FACTORS >E UNLIKE1 AF
X L4
  ,B WE M/ N[ 4T+UI% N ONLY 2T :AT IS
POT5TIAL & :AT IS ACTUAL B AL DI6]5T
S5SES 9 : ?+S C 2 SD 6BE POT5TIAL OR
ACTUAL2 UP 6N[ WE H BE5 SP1K+ Z IF EA* (
^! PHRASES _H ONLY "O S5SE4 ,WE C SP1K (
"S?+ Z 'A "K]0' EI 7A7 Z :5 WE SAY T MAN
IS A "K]1 M1N+ T MAN FALLS )9 ! CLASS (
2+S T "K OR H K1 OR 7B7 Z :5 WE >E SP1K+
(A MAN :O POSSESSES A K ( GRAMM>2 EA* (
^! IS S CALL$ Z HAV+ 9 HM A C]TA9
POT5TIAL;Y1 B "! IS A DI6];E 2T _!
RESPECTIVE POT5TIALITIES1 ! "O 7A7 2+ A
POT5TIAL "K]1 2C 8 K9D OR MATT] IS S* &
S*1 ! O!R 7B71 2C HE C 9 ! ABS;E ( ANY
EXT]NAL C.T]ACT+ CAUSE R1LIZE 8 K 9
ACTUAL "K+ AT W4 ,? IMPLIES A ?IRD M1N+
( 'A "K]0' 7C71 "O :O IS ALR R1LIZ+ 8 K-
HE IS A "K] 9 ACTUAL;Y & 9 ! MO/ PROP]
S5SE IS "K+1 E4G4 ? ,A4 ,BO? ! =M] >E
POT5TIAL "K]S1 :O R1LIZE _! RESPECTIVE
POT5TIALITIES1 ! "O 7A7 0*ANGE ( QUAL;Y1
I4E4 REP1T$ TRANSI;NS F "O /ATE 6XS
OPPOSITE "U 9/RUC;N1 ! O!R 7B7 0!
TRANSI;N F ! 9ACTIVE POSSES.N ( S5SE OR
GRAMM> 6_! ACTIVE EX]CISE4 ,! TWO K9DS (
TRANSI;N >E 4T9CT4
  ,AL ! EXPRES.N ,86BE ACT$ ^U0' HAS M
?AN "O M1N+2 X MAY M1N EI 7A7 ! EXT9C;N
( "O ( TWO 3TR>IES 0! O!R1 OR 7B7 !
MA9T5.E ( :AT IS POT5TIAL 0! AG5CY ( :AT
IS ACTUAL & ALR L :AT IS ACT$ ^U1 ) S*
LIKE;S Z IS -PATI# ) "O'S 2+ ACTUAL &!
O!R POT5TIAL4 ,= :AT POSSESSES K 2COMES
AN ACTUAL "K] 0A TRANSI;N : IS EI N AN
ALT],N ( X AT ALL 72+ 9 R1L;Y A
DEVELOP;T 96XS TRUE SELF OR ACTUAL;Y7 OR
AT L1/ AN ALT],N 9 A Q DI6]5T S5SE F !
USUAL M1N+4
  ,H;E X IS WR;G 6SP1K (A WISE MAN Z 2+
,8ALT]$0' :5 HE USES 8 WISDOM1 J Z X WD
2 ABSURD 6SP1K (A BUILD] Z 2+ ALT]$ :5
HE IS US+ 8 SKILL 9 BUILD+ A H\SE4
  ,:AT 9 ! CASE ( "K+ OR "U/&+ L1DS F
POT5TIAL;Y 6ACTUAL;Y "\ N 6BE CALL$ T1*+
B "S?+ ELSE4 ,T : />T+ )! P[] 6"K LE>NS
OR ACQUIRES K "? ! AG5CY ( "O :O ACTU,Y
"KS & HAS ! P[] ( T1*+ EI 7A7 "\ N 6BE
SD ,86BE ACT$ ^U0' AT ALL OR 7B7 WE M/
RECOGNIZE TWO S5SES ( ALT],N1 VIZ4 7I7 !
SUB/ITU;N ( "O QUAL;Y = ANO!R1 ! F/ 2+ !
3TR>Y (! SECOND1 OR 7;II7 ! DEVELOP;T (
AN EXI/5T QUAL;Y F POT5TIAL;Y 9 !
DIREC;N ( FIX;Y OR NATURE4
  ,9 ! CASE ( :AT IS 6POSSESS S5SE1 ! F/
TRANSI;N IS DUE 6! AC;N (! MALE P>5T &
TAKES PLACE 2F BIR? S T AT BIR? ! LIV+
?+ IS1 9 RESPECT ( S5S,N1 AT ! /AGE :
CORRESPONDS 6! POSSES.N ( K4 ,ACTUAL
S5S,N CORRESPONDS 6! /AGE (! EX]CISE (
K4 ,B 2T ! TWO CASES -P>$ "! IS A
DI6];E2 ! OBJECTS T EXCITE ! S5SORY P[]S
6ACTIV;Y1 ! SE51 ! HE>D1 &C41 >E \TSIDE4
,! GR.D ( ? DI6];E IS T :AT ACTUAL S5S,N
APPREH5DS IS 9DIVIDUALS1 :ILE :AT K
APPREH5DS IS UNIV]SALS1 & ^! >E 9 A S5SE
)9 ! S\L4 ,T IS :Y A MAN C EX]CISE 8 K
:5 HE WI%ES1 B 8 S5S,N DOES N DEP5D ^U
HMF A S5SI# OBJECT M/ 2 "!4 ,A SIMIL>
/ATE;T M/ 2 MADE AB \R K ( :AT IS S5SI#-
ON ! SAME GR.D1 VIZ4 T ! S5SI# OBJECTS
>E 9DIVIDUAL & EXT]NAL4
  ,A LAT] M APPROPRIATE O3A.N MAY 2 F.D
?OR\<LY 6CLE> UP ALL ?4 ,AT PRES5T X M/
2 5 6RECOGNIZE ! 4T9C;NS ALR DRAWN2 A ?+
MAY 2 SD 6BE POT5TIAL 9 EI ( TWO S5SES1
7A7 9 ! S5SE 9 : WE MI<T SAY (A BOY T HE
MAY 2COME A G5]AL OR 7B7 9 ! S5SE 9 : WE
MI<T SAY ! SAME ( AN ADULT1 & "! >E TWO
CORRESPOND+ S5SES (! T]M 'A POT5TIAL
S5TI5T0'4 ,"! >E NO SEP>ATE "NS =! TWO
/AGES ( POT5TIAL;Y2 WE H PO9T$ \ T !Y >E
DI6]5T & H[ !Y >E DI6]5T4 ,WE _C HELP
US+ ! 9CORRECT T]MS ,82+ ACT$ ^U OR
ALT]$0' (! TWO TRANSI;NS 9VOLV$4 ,Z WE H
SD1 HAS ! P[] ( S5S,N IS POT5TI,Y L :AT
! P]CVD OBJECT IS ACTU,Y2 T IS1 :ILE AT
! 2G9N+ (! PROCESS ( XS 2+ ACT$ ^U ! TWO
9T]ACT+ FACTORS >E 4SIMIL>1 AT ! 5D ! "O
ACT$ ^U IS ASSIMILAT$ 6! O!R & IS
ID5TICAL 9 QUAL;Y ) X4

                   #F

  ,9 D1L+ ) EA* (! S5SES WE % H F/ 6SP1K
(! OBJECTS : >E P]CEPTI# 0EA*4 ,! T]M
,8OBJECT ( S5SE0' COV]S ?REE K9DS (
OBJECTS1 TWO K9DS ( : >E1 9 \R LANGUAGE1
DIRECTLY P]CEPTI#1 :ILE ! REMA9+ "O IS
ONLY 9CID5T,Y P]CEPTI#4 ,(! F/ TWO K9DS
"O 7A7 3SI/S ( :AT IS P]CEPTI# 0A S+LE
S5SE1 ! O!R 7B7 ( :AT IS P]CEPTI# 0ANY &
ALL (! S5SES4 ,I CALL 0! "N ( SPECIAL
OBJECT ( ? OR T S5SE T : _C 2 P]CVD 0ANY
O!R S5SE ?AN T "O & 9 RESPECT ( : NO
]ROR IS POSSI#2 9 ? S5SE COL\R IS !
SPECIAL OBJECT ( SI<T1 S.D ( HE>+1
FLAV\R ( TA/E4 ,T\*1 9DE$1 4CRIM9ATES M
?AN "O SET ( DI6]5T QUALITIES4 ,EA* S5SE
HAS "O K9D ( OBJECT : X 4C]NS1 & N"E ]RS
9 REPORT+ T :AT IS 2F X IS COL\R OR S.D
7?\< X MAY ]R Z 6:AT X IS T IS COL\R$ OR
": T IS1 OR :AT X IS T IS S.D+ OR ": T
IS47 ,S* OBJECTS >E :AT WE PROPOSE 6CALL
! SPECIAL OBJECTS ( ? OR T S5SE4
  ,8,-MON S5SI#S0' >E MOVE;T1 RE/1
NUMB]1 FIGURE1 MAGNITUDE2 ^! >E N
PECULI> 6ANY "O S5SE1 B >E -MON 6ALL4
,"! >E AT ANY RATE C]TA9 K9DS ( MOVE;T :
>E P]CEPTI# BO? 0T\* & 0SI<T4
  ,WE SP1K ( AN 9CID5TAL OBJECT ( S5SE
": E4G4 ! :ITE OBJECT : WE SEE IS ! SON
( ,DI>ES2 "H 2C ,82+ ! SON ( ,DI>ES0' IS
9CID5TAL 6! DIRECTLY VISI# :ITE PAT* WE
SP1K (! SON ( ,DI>ES Z 2+ 79CID5T,Y7
P]CVD OR SE5 0U4 ,2C ? IS ONLY 9CID5T,Y
AN OBJECT ( S5SE1 X 9 NO WAY Z S* A6ECTS
! S5SES4 ,(! TWO =M] K9DS1 BO? ( : >E 9
_! [N NATURE P]CEPTI# 0S5SE1 ! F/ K9D-T
( SPECIAL OBJECTS (! S"EAL S5SES-3/ITUTE
! OBJECTS ( S5SE 9 ! /RICTE/ S5SE (! T]M
& X IS 6!M T 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S ! /RUCTURE
( EA* S"EAL S5SE IS ADAPT$4

                   #G

  ,! OBJECT ( SI<T IS ! VISI#1 & :AT IS
VISI# IS 7A7 COL\R & 7B7 A C]TA9 K9D (
OBJECT : C 2 DESCRIB$ 9 ^WS B : HAS NO
S+LE "N2 :AT WE M1N BY 7B7 W 2
ABUNDANTLY CLE> Z WE PROCE$4 ,:AT"E IS
VISI# IS COL\R & COL\R IS :AT LIES ^U
:AT IS 9 XS [N NATURE VISI#2 ,8IN XS [N
NATURE0' "H M1NS N T VISIBIL;Y IS 9VOLV$
9 ! DEF9I;N ( :AT ?US "ULIES COL\R1 B T
T SUB/RATUM 3TA9S 9 XF ! CAUSE (
VISIBIL;Y4 ,E COL\R HAS 9 X ! P[] 6SET 9
MOVE;T :AT IS ACTU,Y TRANSP>5T2 T P[]
3/ITUTES XS V NATURE4 ,T IS :Y X IS N
VISI# EXCEPT )! HELP ( LI<T2 X IS ONLY 9
LI<T T ! COL\R (A ?+ IS SE54 ,H;E \R F/
TASK IS 6EXPLA9 :AT LI<T IS4
  ,N[ "! CLE>LY IS "S?+ : IS TRANSP>5T1
& BY ,8TRANSP>5T0' ,I M1N :AT IS VISI#1
& YET N VISI# 9 XF1 B R [+ XS VISIBIL;Y
6! COL\R ( "S?+ ELSE2 ( ? "* >E AIR1
WAT]1 & _M SOLID BODIES4 ,NEI AIR NOR
WAT] IS TRANSP>5T 2C X IS AIR OR WAT]2
!Y >E TRANSP>5T 2C EA* ( !M HAS 3TA9$ 9
X A C]TA9 SUB/.E : IS ! SAME 9 BO? & IS
AL F.D 9 ! ET]NAL BODY : 3/ITUTES !
UPP]MO/ %ELL (! PHYSICAL ,COSMOS4 ,( ?
SUB/.E LI<T IS ! ACTIV;Y-! ACTIV;Y ( :AT
IS TRANSP>5T S F> =? Z X HAS 9 X !
DET]M9ATE P[] ( 2COM+ TRANSP>5T2 ": ?
P[] IS PRES5T1 "! IS AL ! POT5TIAL;Y (!
3TR>Y1 VIZ4 D>K;S4 ,LI<T IS Z X 7 !
PROP] COL\R ( :AT IS TRANSP>5T1 & EXI/S
:5"E ! POT5TI,Y TRANSP>5T IS EXCIT$
6ACTUAL;Y 0! 9FLU;E ( FIRE OR "S?+
RESEMBL+ ,8! UPP]MO/ BODY0'2 = FIRE TOO
3TA9S "S?+ : IS "O &! SAME )! SUB/.E 9
"Q4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ :AT ! TRANSP>5T IS &
:AT LI<T IS2 LI<T IS NEI FIRE NOR ANY
K9D :ATSO"E ( BODY NOR AN E6LUX F ANY
K9D ( BODY 7IF X W]E1 X WD AG XF 2 A K9D
( BODY7-IT IS ! PRES;E ( FIRE OR "S?+
RESEMBL+ FIRE 9 :AT IS TRANSP>5T4 ,X IS
C]TA9LY N A BODY1 = TWO BODIES _C 2
PRES5T 9 ! SAME PLACE4 ,! OPPOSITE (
LI<T IS D>K;S2 D>K;S IS ! ABS;E F :AT IS
TRANSP>5T (! CORRESPOND+ POSITIVE /ATE
ABV "*IZ$2 CLE>LY "!=E1 LI<T IS J !
PRES;E ( T4
  ,EMP$OCLES 7&) HM ALL O!RS :O US$ !
SAME =MS ( EXPRES.N7 0 WR;G 9 SP1K+ (
LI<T Z ,8TRAVELL+0' OR 2+ AT A GIV5 MO;T
2T ! E>? & XS 5VELOPE1 XS MOVE;T 2+
UNOBS]VA# 0U2 T VIEW IS 3TR>Y BO? 6!
CLE> EVID;E ( >GU;T & 6! OBS]V$ FACTS2
IF ! 4T.E TRAV]S$ 7 %ORT1 ! MOVE;T MI<T
H BE5 UNOBS]VA#1 B ": ! 4T.E IS F
EXTREME ,EA/ 6EXTREME ,WE/1 ! DRAU<T ^U
\R P[]S ( 2LIEF IS TOO GRT4
  ,:AT IS CAPA# ( TAK+ ON COL\R IS :AT 9
XF IS COL\R.S1 Z :AT C TAKE ON S.D IS
:AT IS S.D.S2 :AT IS COL\R.S 9CLUDES 7A7
:AT IS TRANSP>5T & 7B7 :AT IS 9VISI# OR
SC>CELY VISI#1 I4E4 :AT IS ,8D>K0'4 ,!
LATT] 7B7 IS ! SAME Z :AT IS TRANSP>5T1
:5 X IS POT5TI,Y1 N ( C\RSE :5 X IS
ACTU,Y TRANSP>5T2 X IS ! SAME SUB/.E :
IS N[ D>K;S1 N[ LI<T4
  ,N "EY?+ T IS VISI# DEP5DS ^U LI<T =
XS VISIBIL;Y4 ,? IS ONLY TRUE (!
,8PROP]0' COL\R ( ?+S4 ,"S OBJECTS (
SI<T : 9 LI<T >E 9VISI#1 9 D>K;S
/IMULATE ! S5SE2 T IS1 ?+S T APPE> FI]Y
OR %9+4 ,? CLASS ( OBJECTS HAS NO SIMPLE
-MON "N1 B 9/.ES ( X >E FUNGI1 FLE%1
H1DS1 SCALES1 & EYES ( FI%4 ,9 N"O ( ^!
IS :AT IS SE5 _! [N PROP]0' COL\R4 ,:Y
WE SEE ^! AT ALL IS ANO!R "Q4 ,AT PRES5T
:AT IS OBVI\S IS T :AT IS SE5 9 LI<T IS
ALW COL\R4 ,T IS :Y )\T ! HELP ( LI<T
COL\R REMA9S 9VISI#4 ,XS 2+ COL\R AT ALL
M1NS PRECISELY XS HAV+ 9 X ! P[] 6SET 9
MOVE;T :AT IS ALR ACTU,Y TRANSP>5T1 &1 Z
WE H SE51 ! ACTUAL;Y ( :AT IS TRANSP>5T
IS J LI<T4
  ,! FOLL[+ EXP]I;T MAKES ! NECESS;Y (A
M$IUM CLE>4 ,IF :AT HAS COL\R IS PLAC$ 9
IMM 3TACT )! EYE1 X _C 2 SE54 ,COL\R
SETS 9 MOVE;T N ! S5SE ORGAN B :AT IS
TRANSP>5T1 E4G4 ! AIR1 & T1 EXT5D+
3T9U\SLY F ! OBJECT 6! ORGAN1 SETS !
LATT] 9 MOVE;T4 ,DEMOCRITUS MISREPRES5TS
! FACTS :5 HE EXPRESSES ! OP9ION T IF !
9T]SPACE 7 EMPTY "O CD 4T9CTLY SEE AN
ANT ON ! VAULT (! SKY2 T IS AN
IMPOSSIBIL;Y4 ,SEE+ IS DUE 6AN A6EC;N OR
*ANGE ( :AT HAS ! P]CEPTIVE FACULTY1 & X
_C 2 A6ECT$ 0! SE5 COL\R XF2 X REMA9S T
X M/ 2 A6ECT$ 0:AT -ES 2T4 ,H;E X IS
9DISP5SA# T "! 2 "S?+ 9 2T-IF "! 7 NO?+1
S F> F SEE+ ) GRT] 4T9CT;S1 WE %D SEE
NO?+ AT ALL4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ ! CAUSE :Y COL\R _C 2
SE5 O!RWISE ?AN 9 LI<T4 ,FIRE ON ! O!R
H& IS SE5 BO? 9 D>K;S & 9 LI<T2 ? D\#
POSSIBIL;Y FOLL[S NECESS>ILY F \R !ORY1
= X IS J FIRE T MAKES :AT IS POT5TI,Y
TRANSP>5T ACTU,Y TRANSP>5T4
  ,! SAME A3.T HOLDS AL ( S.D & SMELL2
IF ! OBJECT ( EI ( ^! S5SES IS 9 IMM
3TACT )! ORGAN NO S5S,N IS PRODUC$4 ,9
BO? CASES ! OBJECT SETS 9 MOVE;T ONLY
:AT LIES 2T1 & ? 9 TURN SETS ! ORGAN 9
MOVE;T3 IF :AT S.DS OR SMELLS IS BR"\
96IMM 3TACT )! ORGAN1 NO S5S,N W 2
PRODUC$4 ,! SAME1 9 SPITE ( ALL
APPE>.ES1 APPLIES AL 6T\* & TA/E2 :Y "!
IS ? APP>5T DI6];E W 2 CLE> LAT]4 ,:AT
-ES 2T 9 ! CASE ( S.DS IS AIR2 !
CORRESPOND+ M$IUM 9 ! CASE ( SMELL HAS
NO "N4 ,B1 CORRESPOND+ 6:AT IS TRANSP>5T
9 ! CASE ( COL\R1 "! IS A QUAL;Y F.D BO?
9 AIR & WAT]1 : S]VES Z A M$IUM = :AT
HAS SMELL-,I SAY ,8IN WAT]0' 2C ANIMALS
T LIVE 9 WAT] Z WELL Z ^? T LIVE ON L&
SEEM 6POSSESS ! S5SE ( SMELL1 & ,8IN
AIR0' 2C MAN & ALL O!R L& ANIMALS T
BR1!1 P]CV SMELLS ONLY :5 !Y BR1! AIR
IN4 ,! EXPLAN,N ( ? TOO W 2 GIV5 LAT]4

                   #H

  ,N[ LET U1 62G9 )1 MAKE C]TA9 4T9C;NS
AB S.D & HE>+4
  ,S.D MAY M1N EI ( TWO ?+S 7A7 ACTUAL1
& 7B7 POT5TIAL1 S.D4 ,"! >E C]TA9 ?+S :1
Z WE SAY1 ,8H NO S.D0'1 E4G4 SP;GES OR
WOOL1 O!RS : H1 E4G4 BRONZE & 9 G5]AL
ALL ?+S : >E SMOO? & SOLID-! LATT] >E SD
6H A S.D 2C !Y C MAKE A S.D1 I4E4 C
G5]ATE ACTUAL S.D 2T !MVS &! ORGAN (
HE>+4
  ,ACTUAL S.D REQUIRES = XS O3URR;E 7;I1
;II7 TWO S* BODIES & 7;III7 A SPACE 2T
!M2 = X IS G5]AT$ 0AN IMPACT4 ,H;E X IS
IMPOSSI# = "O BODY ONLY 6G5]ATE A S.D-"!
M/ 2 A BODY IMP++ &A BODY IMP+$ ^U2 :AT
S.DS DOES S 0/RIK+ AG/ "S?+ ELSE1 & ? IS
IMPOSSI# )\T A MOVE;T F PLACE 6PLACE4
  ,Z WE H SD1 N ALL BODIES C 0IMPACT ON
"O ANO!R PRODUCE S.D2 IMPACT ON WOOL
MAKES NO S.D1 :ILE ! IMPACT ON BRONZE OR
ANY BODY : IS SMOO? & HOLL[ DOES4
,BRONZE GIVES \ A S.D :5 /RUCK 2C X IS
SMOO?2 BODIES : >E HOLL[ [+ 6REFLEC;N
REP1T ! ORIG9AL IMPACT OV] & OV] AG1 !
BODY ORIG9,Y SET 9 MOVE;T 2+ UNA#
6ESCAPE F ! 3CAV;Y4
  ,FUR!R1 WE M/ REM>K T S.D IS HE>D BO?
9 AIR & 9 WAT]1 ?\< LESS 4T9CTLY 9 !
LATT]4 ,YET NEI AIR NOR WAT] IS !
PR9CIPAL CAUSE ( S.D4 ,:AT IS REQUIR$ =!
PRODUC;N ( S.D IS AN IMPACT ( TWO SOLIDS
AG/ "O ANO!R & AG/ ! AIR4 ,! LATT] 3DI;N
IS SATISFI$ :5 ! AIR IMP+$ ^U DOES N
RETR1T 2F ! BL[1 I4E4 IS N 4SIPAT$ 0X4
  ,T IS :Y X M/ 2 /RUCK )A SU45 %>P BL[1
IF X IS 6S.D-! MOVE;T (! :IP M/ \TRUN !
4P].N (! AIR1 J Z "O MI<T GET 9 A /ROKE
AT A H1P OR :IRL ( S& Z X 0 TRAVEL+
RAPIDLY PA/4
  ,AN E*O O3URS1 :51 A MASS ( AIR HAV+
BE5 UNIFI$1 B.D$1 & PREV5T$ F 4SIP,N 0!
3TA9+ WALLS (A VESSEL1 ! AIR ORIG9,Y
/RUCK 0! IMP++ BODY & SET 9 MOVE;T 0X
REB.DS F ? MASS ( AIR L A BALL F A WALL4
,X IS PROBA# T 9 ALL G5],N ( S.D E*O
TAKES PLACE1 ?\< X IS FREQU5TLY ONLY
9DIST9CTLY HE>D4 ,:AT HAPP5S "H M/ 2
ANALOG\S 6:AT HAPP5S 9 ! CASE ( LI<T2
LI<T IS ALW REFLECT$-O!RWISE X WD N 2
DI6US$ & \TSIDE :AT 0 DIRECTLY ILLUM9AT$
0! SUN "! WD 2 BLANK D>K;S2 B ? REFLECT$
LI<T IS N ALW /R;G 5\<1 Z X IS :5 X IS
REFLECT$ F WAT]1 BRONZE1 & O!R SMOO?
BODIES1 6CA/ A %AD[1 : IS ! 4T+UI%+ M>K
0: WE RECOGNIZE LI<T4
  ,X IS "RLY SD T AN EMPTY SPACE PLAYS !
*IEF "P 9 ! PRODUC;N ( HE>+1 = :AT P M1N
BY ,8! VACUUM0' IS ! AIR1 : IS :AT
CAUSES HE>+1 :5 T AIR IS SET 9 MOVE;T Z
"O 3T9U\S MASS2 B [+ 6XS FRIABIL;Y X
EMITS NO S.D1 2+ 4SIPAT$ 0IMP++ ^U ANY
SURFACE : IS N SMOO?4 ,:5 ! SURFACE ON :
X IMP+ES IS Q SMOO?1 :AT IS PRODUC$ 0!
ORIG9AL IMPACT IS A UNIT$ MASS1 A RESULT
DUE 6! SMOO?;S (! SURFACE ) : ! AIR IS 9
3TACT AT ! O!R 5D4
  ,:AT HAS ! P[] ( PRODUC+ S.D IS :AT
HAS ! P[] ( SETT+ 9 MOVE;T A S+LE MASS (
AIR : IS 3T9U\S F ! IMP++ BODY UP 6!
ORGAN ( HE>+4 ,! ORGAN ( HE>+ IS
PHYSIC,Y UNIT$ ) AIR1 & 2C X IS 9 AIR1 !
AIR 9SIDE IS MOV$ 3CURR5TLY )! AIR
\TSIDE4 ,H;E ANIMALS D N HE> ) ALL "PS (
_! BODIES1 NOR D ALL "PS ADMIT (! 5TR.E
( AIR2 = EV5 ! "P : C 2 MOV$ & C S.D HAS
N AIR "EY": 9 X4 ,AIR 9 XF IS1 [+ 6XS
FRIABIL;Y1 Q S.D.S2 ONLY :5 XS 4SIP,N IS
PREV5T$ IS XS MOVE;T S.D4 ,! AIR 9 ! E>
IS BUILT 96A *AMB] J 6PREV5T ? 4SIPAT+
MOVE;T1 9 ORD] T ! ANIMAL MAY A3URATELY
APPREH5D ALL V>IETIES (! MOVE;TS (! AIR
\TSIDE4 ,T IS :Y WE HE> AL 9 WAT]1 VIZ4
2C ! WAT] _C GET 96! AIR *AMB] OR EV51
[+ 6! SPIRALS1 96! \T] E>4 ,IF ? DOES
HAPP51 HE>+ C1SES1 Z X AL DOES IF !
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE IS DAMAG$1 J Z SI<T
C1SES IF ! MEMBRANE COV]+ ! PUPIL IS
DAMAG$4 ,X IS AL A TE/ ( D1F;S :E!R ! E>
DOES OR DOES N REV]B]ATE L A HORN2 ! AIR
9SIDE ! E> HAS ALW A MOVE;T ( XS [N1 B !
S.D WE HE> IS ALW ! S.D+ ( "S?+ ELSE1 N
(! ORGAN XF4 ,T IS :Y WE SAY T WE HE> )
:AT IS EMPTY & E*OES1 VIZ4 2C :AT WE HE>
) IS A *AMB] : 3TA9S A B.D$ MASS ( AIR4
  ,: IS X T ,8S.DS0'1 ! /RIK+ BODY OR !
/RUCK8 ,IS N ! ANSW] ,8X IS BO?1 B EA* 9
A DI6]5T WAY0'8 ,S.D IS A MOVE;T ( :AT C
REB.D F A SMOO? SURFACE :5 /RUCK AG/ X4
,Z WE H EXPLA9$0' N "EY?+ S.DS :5 X
/RIKES OR IS /RUCK1 E4G4 IF "O NE$LE IS
/RUCK AG/ ANO!R1 NEI EMITS ANY S.D4 ,9
ORD]1 "!=E1 T S.D MAY 2 G5]AT$1 :AT IS
/RUCK M/ 2 SMOO?1 65A# ! AIR 6REB.D & 2
%AK5 (F F X 9 "O PIECE4
  ,! 4T9C;NS 2T DI6]5T S.D+ BODIES %[
!MVS ONLY 9 ACTUAL S.D2 Z )\T ! HELP (
LI<T COL\RS REMA9 9VISI#1 S )\T ! HELP (
ACTUAL S.D ! 4T9C;NS 2T ACUTE & GRAVE
S.DS REMA9 9AUDI#4 ,ACUTE & GRAVE >E "H
METAPHORS1 TRANSF]R$ F _! PROP] SPH]E1
VIZ4 T ( T\*1 ": !Y M1N RESPECTIVELY 7A7
:AT MOVES ! S5SE M* 9 A %ORT "T1 7B7 :AT
MOVES ! S5SE LL 9 A L;G "T4 ,N T :AT IS
%>P RE,Y MOVES FA/1 & :AT IS GRAVE1
SL[LY1 B T ! DI6];E 9 ! QUALITIES (! "O
&! O!R MOVE;T IS DUE 6_! RESPECTIVE
SPE$S4 ,"! SEEMS 6BE A SORT ( P>ALLELISM
2T :AT IS ACUTE OR GRAVE 6HE>+ & :AT IS
%>P OR BLUNT 6T\*2 :AT IS %>P Z X 7
/ABS1 :ILE :AT IS BLUNT PU%ES1 ! "O
PRODUC+ XS E6ECT 9 A %ORT1 ! O!R 9 A L;G
"T1 S T ! "O IS QK1 ! O!R SL[4
  ,LET ! =EGO+ SU6ICE Z AN ANALYSIS (
S.D4 ,VOICE IS A K9D ( S.D "*I/IC ( :AT
HAS S\L 9 X2 NO?+ T IS )\T S\L UTT]S
VOICE1 X 2+ ONLY 0A METAPHOR T WE SP1K (
! VOICE (! FLUTE OR ! LYRE OR G5],Y (
:AT 72+ )\T S\L7 POSSESSES ! P[] (
PRODUC+ A SU3ES.N ( NOTES : DI6] 9 L5G?
& PIT* & TIMBRE4 ,! METAPHOR IS BAS$ ON
! FACT T ALL ^! DI6];ES >E F.D AL 9
VOICE4 ,_M ANIMALS >E VOICE.S1 E4G4 ALL
NON-SANU9E\S ANIMALS & AM;G SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS FI%4 ,? IS J :AT WE %D EXPECT1
S9CE VOICE IS A C]TA9 MOVE;T ( AIR4 ,!
FI%1 L ^? 9 ! ,A*EL\S1 : >E SD 6H VOICE1
RE,Y MAKE ! S.DS ) _! GILLS OR "S SIMIL>
ORGAN4 ,VOICE IS ! S.D MADE 0AN ANIMAL1
& T )A SPECIAL ORGAN4 ,Z WE SAW1 "EY?+ T
MAKES A S.D DOES S 0! IMPACT ( "S?+ 7A7
AG/ "S?+ ELSE1 7B7 ACR A SPACE1 7C7
FILL$ ) AIR2 H;E X IS ONLY 6BE EXPECT$ T
NO ANIMALS UTT] VOICE EXCEPT ^? : TAKE 9
AIR4 ,ONCE AIR IS 9BR1!D1 ,NATURE USES X
= TWO DI6]5T PURPOSES1 Z ! T;GUE IS US$
BO? = TA/+ &= >TICULAT+2 9 T CASE (! TWO
FUNC;NS TA/+ IS NEC =! ANIMAL'S EXI/;E
7H;E X IS F.D M WIDELY 4TRIBUT$71 :ILE
>TICULATE SPEE* IS A LUXURY SUBS]V+ XS
POSSESSOR'S WELL-2+2 SIMIL>LY 9 ! =M]
CASE ,NATURE EMPLOYS ! BR1? BO? Z AN
9DISP5SA# M1NS 6! REGUL,N (! 9N]
TEMP]ATURE (! LIV+ BODY & AL Z ! MATT] (
>TICULATE VOICE1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( XS
POSSESSOR'S WELL-2+4 ,:Y XS =M] USE IS
9DISP5SA# M/ 2 4CUSS$ ELSE":4
  ,! ORGAN ( RESPIR,N IS ! W9DPIPE1 &!
ORGAN 6: ? IS RELAT$ Z M1NS 65D IS !
LUNGS4 ,! LATT] IS ! "P (! BODY 0: !
TEMP]ATURE ( L& ANIMALS IS RAIS$ ABV T (
ALL O!RS4 ,B :AT PRIM>ILY REQUIRES ! AIR
DRAWN 9 0RESPIR,N IS N ONLY ? B ! REGION
SURR.D+ ! HE>T4 ,T IS :Y :5 ANIMALS BR1!
! AIR M/ P5ETRATE 9W>DS4
  ,VOICE !N IS ! IMPACT (! 9BR1!D AIR
AG/ ! ,8W9DPIPE0'1 &! AG5T T PRODUCES !
IMPACT IS ! S\L RESID5T 9 ^! "PS (!
BODY4 ,N E S.D1 Z WE SD1 MADE 0AN ANIMAL
IS VOICE 7EV5 )! T;GUE WE MAY M]ELY MAKE
A S.D : IS N VOICE1 OR )\T ! T;GUE Z 9
C\<+72 :AT PRODUCES ! IMPACT M/ H S\L 9
X & M/ 2 A3OMPANI$ 0AN ACT ( IMAG9,N1 =
VOICE IS A S.D )A M1N+1 & IS N M]ELY !
RESULT ( ANY IMPACT (! BR1? Z 9 C\<+2 9
VOICE ! BR1? 9 ! W9DPIPE IS US$ Z AN
9/RU;T 6KNOCK ) AG/ ! WALLS (! W9DPIPE4
,? IS 3FIRM$ 0\R 9ABIL;Y 6SP1K :5 WE >E
BR1?+ EI \ OR IN-WE C ONLY D S 0HOLD+ \R
BR1?2 WE MAKE ! MOVE;TS )! BR1? S *ECK$4
,X IS CLE> AL :Y FI% >E VOICE.S2 !Y H NO
W9DPIPE4 ,& !Y H NO W9DPIPE 2C !Y D N
BR1! OR TAKE 9 AIR4 ,:Y !Y D N IS A "Q
2L;G+ 6ANO!R 9QUIRY4

                   #I

  ,SMELL & XS OBJECT >E M* LESS EASY
6DET]M9E ?AN :AT WE H HI!RTO 4CUSS$2 !
4T+UI%+ "*I/IC (! OBJECT ( SMELL IS LESS
OBVI\S ?AN ^? ( S.D OR COL\R4 ,! GR.D (
? IS T \R P[] ( SMELL IS LESS 4CRIM9AT+
& 9 G5]AL 9F]IOR 6T ( _M SPECIES (
ANIMALS2 M5 H A POOR S5SE ( SMELL & \R
APPREH5.N ( XS PROP] OBJECTS IS
9SEP>ABLY B.D UP )& S 3FUS$ 0PL1SURE &
PA91 : %[S T 9 U ! ORGAN IS 9A3URATE4 ,X
IS PROBA# T "! IS A P>ALLEL FAILURE 9 !
P]CEP;N ( COL\R 0ANIMALS T H H>D EYES3
PROBABLY !Y 4CRIM9ATE DI6];ES ( COL\R
ONLY 0! PRES;E OR ABS;E ( :AT EXCITES
FE>1 & T X IS ?US T HUMAN 2+S 4T+UI%
SMELLS4 ,X SEEMS T "! IS AN ANALOGY 2T
SMELL & TA/E1 & T ! SPECIES ( TA/ES RUN
P>ALLEL 6^? ( SMELLS-! ONLY DI6];E 2+ T
\R S5SE ( TA/E IS M 4CRIM9AT+ ?AN \R
S5SE ( SMELL1 2C ! =M] IS A MODIFIC,N (
T\*1 : R1*ES 9 MAN ! MAXIMUM (
4CRIM9ATIVE A3URACY4 ,:ILE 9 RESPECT (
ALL ! O!R S5SES WE FALL 2L _M SPECIES (
ANIMALS1 9 RESPECT ( T\* WE F> EXCEL ALL
O!R SPECIES 9 EXACT;S ( 4CRIM9,N4 ,T IS
:Y MAN IS ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T ( ALL ANIMALS4
,? IS 3FIRM$ 0! FACT T X IS 6DI6];ES 9 !
ORGAN ( T\* & 6NO?+ ELSE T ! DI6];ES 2T
MAN & MAN 9 RESPECT ( NATURAL 5D[;T >E
DUE2 M5 ^: FLE% IS H>D >E ILL-5D[$
0NATURE1 M5 ^: FLE% IS S(T1 WELL5D[$4
  ,Z FLAV\RS MAY 2 DIVID$ 9TO 7A7 SWEET1
7B7 BITT]1 S ) SMELLS4 ,9 "S ?+S !
FLAV\R &! SMELL H ! SAME QUAL;Y1 I4E4
BO? >E SWEET OR BO? BITT]1 9 O!RS !Y
DIV]GE4 ,SIMIL>LY A SMELL1 L A FLAV\R1
MAY 2 PUNG5T1 A/R+5T1 ACID1 OR SU3UL5T4
,B1 Z WE SD1 2C SMELLS >E M* LESS EASY
64CRIM9ATE ?AN FLAV\RS1 ! "NS ( ^!
V>IETIES >E APPLI$ 6SMELLS ONLY
METAPHORIC,Y2 = EXAMPLE ,8SWEET0' IS
EXT5D$ F ! TA/E 6! SMELL ( SA6RON OR
H"OY1 ,8PUNG5T0' 6T ( ?YME1 & S ON4
  ,9 ! SAME S5SE 9 : HE>+ HAS = XS
OBJECT BO? ! AUDI# &! 9AUDI#1 SI<T BO? !
VISI# &! 9VISI#1 SMELL HAS = XS OBJECT
BO? ! ODOR\S &! 9ODOR\S4 ,8,9ODOR\S0'
MAY 2 EI 7A7 :AT HAS NO SMELL AT ALL1 OR
7B7 :AT HAS A SMALL OR FEE# SMELL4 ,!
SAME AMBIGU;Y LURKS 9 ! ^W ,8TA/E.S0'4
  ,SMELL+1 L ! OP],N (! S5SES PREVI\SLY
EXAM9$1 TAKES PLACE "? A M$IUM1 I4E4 "?
AIR OR WAT]-,I ADD WAT]1 2C WAT]-ANIMALS
TOO 7BO? SANGU9E\S & NON-SANGU9E\S7 SEEM
6SMELL J Z M* Z L&-ANIMALS2 AT ANY RATE
"S ( !M MAKE DIRECTLY = _! FOOD F A 4T.E
IF X HAS ANY SC5T4 ,T IS :Y ! FOLL[+
FACTS 3/ITUTE A PRO#M = U4 ,ALL ANIMALS
SMELL 9 ! SAME WAY1 B MAN SMELLS ONLY :5
HE 9HALES2 IF HE EXHALES OR HOLDS 8
BR1?1 HE C1SES 6SMELL1 NO DI6];E 2+ MADE
:E!R ! ODOR\S OBJECT IS 4TANT OR NE>1 OR
EV5 PLAC$ 9SIDE ! NOSE & ACTU,Y ON !
WALL (! NO/RIL2 X IS A 4ABIL;Y -MON 6ALL
! S5SES N 6P]CV :AT IS 9 IMM 3TACT )!
ORGAN ( S5SE1 B \R FAILURE 6APPREH5D :AT
IS ODOR\S )\T ! HELP ( 9HAL,N IS PECULI>
7! FACT IS OBVI\S ON MAK+ ! EXP]I;T74
,N[ S9CE BLOOD.S ANIMALS D N BR1!1 !Y
M/1 X MI<T 2 >GU$1 H "S NOVEL S5SE N
RECKON$ AM;G ! USUAL FIVE4 ,\R REPLY M/
2 T ? IS IMPOSSI#1 S9CE X IS SC5T T IS
P]CVD2 A S5SE T APPREH5DS :AT IS ODOR\S
& :AT HAS A GD OR BAD OD\R _C 2 ANY?+ B
SMELL4 ,FUR!R1 !Y >E OBS]V$ 6BE
DELET]I\SLY E6ECT$ 0! SAME /R;G OD\RS Z
MAN IS1 E4G4 BITUM51 SULPHUR1 &! L4 ,^!
ANIMALS M/ 2 A# 6SMELL )\T 2+ A# 6BR1!4
,! PROBA# EXPLAN,N IS T 9 MAN ! ORGAN (
SMELL HAS A C]TA9 SUP]IOR;Y OV] T 9 ALL
O!R ANIMALS J Z 8 EYES H OV] ^? ( H>D-
EY$ ANIMALS4 ,MAN'S EYES H 9 ! EYELIDS A
K9D ( %ELT] OR 5VELOPE1 : M/ 2 %IFT$ OR
DRAWN BACK 9 ORD] T WE MAY SEE1 :ILE
H>DEY$ ANIMALS H NO?+ (! K9D1 B AT ONCE
SEE :AT"E PRES5TS XF 9 ! TRANSP>5T
M$IUM4 ,SIMIL>LY 9 C]TA9 SPECIES (
ANIMALS ! ORGAN ( SMELL IS L ! EYE (
H>D-EY$ ANIMALS1 UNCURTA9$1 :ILE 9 O!RS
: TAKE 9 AIR X PROBABLY HAS A CURTA9 OV]
X1 : IS DRAWN BACK 9 9HAL,N1 [+ 6!
DILAT+ (! VE9S OR PORES4 ,T EXPLA9S AL
:Y S* ANIMALS _C SMELL "U WAT]2 6SMELL
!Y M/ F/ 9HALE1 & T !Y _C D "U WAT]4
  ,SMELLS -E F :AT IS DRY Z FLAV\RS F
:AT IS MOI/4 ,3SEQU5TLY ! ORGAN ( SMELL
IS POT5TI,Y DRY4

                  #AJ

  ,:AT C 2 TA/$ IS ALW "S?+ T C 2 T\*$1
& J = T R1SON X _C 2 P]CVD "? AN 9T]POS$
=EIGN BODY1 = T\* M1NS ! ABS;E ( ANY
9T]V5+ BODY4 ,FUR!R1 ! FLAV\R$ & TA/EA#
BODY IS SUSP5D$ 9 A LIQUID MATT]1 & ? IS
TANGI#4 ,H;E1 IF WE LIV$ 9 WAT]1 WE %D
P]CV A SWEET OBJECT 9TRODUC$ 96! WAT]1 B
! WAT] WD N 2 ! M$IUM "? : WE P]CVD2 \R
P]CEP;N WD 2 DUE 6! SOLU;N (! SWEET
SUB/.E 9 :AT WE IMBIB$1 J Z IF X 7 MIX$
) "S DR9K4 ,"! IS NO P>ALLEL "H 6!
P]CEP;N ( COL\R1 : IS DUE NEI 6ANY BL5D+
( ANY?+ ) ANY?+1 NOR 6ANY E6LUX ( ANY?+
F ANY?+4 ,9 ! CASE ( TA/E1 "! IS NO?+
CORRESPOND+ 6! M$IUM 9 ! CASE (! S5SES
PREVI\SLY 4CUSS$2 B Z ! OBJECT ( SI<T IS
COL\R1 S ! OBJECT ( TA/E IS FLAV\R4 ,B
NO?+ EXCITES A P]CEP;N ( FLAV\R )\T !
HELP ( LIQUID2 :AT ACTS ^U ! S5SE ( TA/E
M/ 2 EI ACTU,Y OR POT5TI,Y LIQUID L :AT
IS SAL9E2 X M/ 2 BO? 7A7 XF EASILY
4SOLV$1 & 7B7 CAPA# ( 4SOLV+ AL;G ) XF !
T;GUE4 ,TA/E APPREH5DS BO? 7A7 :AT HAS
TA/E & 7B7 :AT HAS NO TA/E1 IF WE M1N BY
7B7 :AT HAS ONLY A SLI<T OR FEE# FLAV\R
OR :AT T5DS 6DE/ROY ! S5SE ( TA/E4 ,9 ?
X IS EXACTLY P>ALLEL 6SI<T1 : APPREH5DS
BO? :AT IS VISI# & :AT IS 9VISI# 7=
D>K;S IS 9VISI# & YET IS 4CRIM9AT$
0SI<T2 S IS1 9 A DI6]5T WAY1 :AT IS OV]
BRILLIANT71 & 6HE>+1 : APPREH5DS BO? S.D
& SIL;E1 ( : ! "O IS AUDI# &! O!R
9AUDI#1 & AL OV]-L\D S.D4 ,? CORRESPONDS
9 ! CASE ( HE>+ 6OV]-B"R LI<T 9 ! CASE (
SI<T4 ,Z A FA9T S.D IS ,89AUDI#0'1 S 9 A
S5SE IS A L\D OR VIOL5T S.D4 ,! ^W
,89VISI#0' & SIMIL> PRIVATIVE T]MS COV]
N ONLY 7A7 :AT IS SIMPLY )\T "S P[]1 B
AL 7B7 :AT IS ADAPT$ 0NATURE 6H X B HAS
N X OR HAS X ONLY 9 A V L[ DEGREE1 Z :5
WE SAY T A SPECIES ( SWALL[ IS
,8FOOT.S0' OR T A V>IETY ( FRUIT IS
,8/"O.S0'4 ,S TOO TA/E HAS Z XS OBJECT
BO? :AT C 2 TA/$ &! TA/E.S-! LATT] 9 !
S5SE ( :AT HAS LL FLAV\R OR A BAD FLAV\R
OR "O DE/RUCTIVE ( TA/E4 ,! DI6];E 2T
:AT IS TA/E.S & :AT IS N SEEMS 6RE/
ULTIMATELY ON T 2T :AT IS DR9KA# & :AT
IS UNDR9KA# BO? >E TA/EA#1 B ! LATT] IS
BAD & T5DS 6DE/ROY TA/E1 :ILE ! =M] IS !
NORMAL /IMULUS ( TA/E4 ,:AT IS DR9KA# IS
! -MON OBJECT ( BO? T\* & TA/E4
  ,S9CE :AT C 2 TA/$ IS LIQUID1 ! ORGAN
= XS P]CEP;N _C 2 EI 7A7 ACTU,Y LIQUID
OR 7B7 9CAPA# ( 2COM+ LIQUID4 ,TA/+ M1NS
A 2+ A6ECT$ 0:AT C 2 TA/$ Z S*2 H;E !
ORGAN ( TA/E M/ 2 LIQUEFI$1 & S 6/>T )
M/ 2 NON-LIQUID B CAPA# ( LIQUEFAC;N )\T
LOSS ( XS 4T9CTIVE NATURE4 ,? IS 3FIRM$
0! FACT T ! T;GUE _C TA/E EI :5 X IS TOO
DRY OR :5 X IS TOO MOI/2 9 ! LATT] CASE
:AT O3URS IS DUE 6A 3TACT )! PRE-EXI/5T
MOI/URE 9 ! T;GUE XF1 :5 AF A =ETA/E (
"S /R;G FLAV\R WE TRY 6TA/E ANO!R
FLAV\R2 X IS 9 ? WAY T SICK P]SONS F9D
"EY?+ !Y TA/E BITT]1 VIZ4 2C1 :5 !Y
TA/E1 _! T;GUES >E OV]FL[+ ) BITT]
MOI/URE4
  ,! SPECIES ( FLAV\R >E1 Z 9 ! CASE (
COL\R1 7A7 SIMPLE1 I4E4 ! TWO 3TR>IES1 !
SWEET &! BITT]1 7B7 SECOND>Y1 VIZ4 7I7
ON ! SIDE (! SWEET1 ! SU3UL5T1 7;II7 ON
! SIDE (! BITT]1 ! SAL9E1 7;III7 2T ^!
-E ! PUNG5T1 ! H>%1 ! A/R+5T1 &! ACID2
^! PRETTY WELL EXHAU/ ! V>IETIES (
FLAV\R4 ,X FOLL[S T :AT HAS ! P[] ( TA/+
IS :AT IS POT5TI,Y ( T K9D1 & T :AT IS
TA/EA# IS :AT HAS ! P[] ( MAK+ X ACTU,Y
:AT X XF ALR IS4

                  #AA

  ,:AT"E C 2 SD ( :AT IS TANGI#1 C 2 SD
( T\*1 & VICE V]SA2 IF T\* IS N A S+LE
S5SE B A GR\P ( S5SES1 "! M/ 2 S"EAL
K9DS ( :AT IS TANGI#4 ,X IS A PRO#M :E!R
T\* IS A S+LE S5SE OR A GR\P ( S5SES4 ,X
IS AL A PRO#M1 :AT IS ! ORGAN ( T\*2 IS
X OR IS X N ! FLE% 79CLUD+ :AT 9 C]TA9
ANIMALS IS HOMOLOG\S ) FLE%78 ,ON !
SECOND VIEW1 FLE% IS ,8! M$IUM0' ( T\*1
! R1L ORGAN 2+ SITUAT$ F>!R 9W>D4 ,!
PRO#M >ISES 2C ! FIELD ( EA* S5SE IS AC
6! A3EPT$ VIEW DET]M9$ Z ! RANGE 2T A
S+LE PAIR ( 3TR>IES1 :ITE & BLACK =
SI<T1 ACUTE & GRAVE = HE>+1 BITT] &
SWEET = TA/E2 B 9 ! FIELD ( :AT IS
TANGI# WE F9D S"EAL S* PAIRS1 HOT COLD1
DRY MOI/1 H>D S(T1 &C4 ,? PRO#M F9DS A
"PIAL SOLU;N1 :5 X IS RECALL$ T 9 ! CASE
(! O!R S5SES M ?AN "O PAIR ( 3TR>IES >E
6BE MET )1 E4G4 9 S.D N ONLY ACUTE &
GRAVE B L\D & S(T1 SMOO? & R\<1 &C42 "!
>E SIMIL> 3TRA/S 9 ! FIELD ( COL\R4
,N"E!.S WE >E UNA# CLE>LY 6DETECT 9 !
CASE ( T\* :AT ! S+LE SUBJECT IS :
"ULIES ! 3TRA/$ QUALITIES & CORRESPONDS
6S.D 9 ! CASE ( HE>+4
  ,6! "Q :E!R ! ORGAN ( T\* LIES 9W>D OR
N 7I4E4 :E!R WE NE$ LOOK ANY F>!R ?AN !
FLE%71 NO 9DIC,N 9 FAV\R (! SECOND ANSW]
C 2 DRAWN F ! FACT T IF ! OBJECT -ES
963TACT )! FLE% X IS AT ONCE P]CVD4 ,=
EV5 "U PRES5T 3DI;NS IF ! EXP]I;T IS
MADE ( MAK+ A WEB & /RET*+ X TI<T OV] !
FLE%1 Z SOON Z ? WEB IS T\*$ ! S5S,N IS
REPORT$ 9 ! SAME MANN] Z 2F1 YET X IS
CLE> T ! OR IS GAN IS N 9 ? MEMBRANE4
,IF ! MEMBRANE CD 2 GR[N ON 6! FLE%1 !
REPORT WD TRAVEL / QK]4 ,! FLE% PLAYS 9
T\* V M* ! SAME "P Z WD 2 PLAY$ 9 ! O!R
S5SES 0AN AIR-5VELOPE GR[+ R.D \R BODY2
_H WE S* AN 5VELOPE ATTA*$ 6U WE %D H
SUPPOS$ T X 0 0A S+LE ORGAN T WE P]CVD
S.DS1 COL\RS1 & SMELLS1 & WE %D H TAK5
SI<T1 HE>+1 & SMELL 6BE A S+LE S5SE4 ,B
Z X IS1 2C T "? : ! DI6]5T MOVE;TS >E
TRANSMITT$ IS N NATUR,Y ATTA*$ 6\R
BODIES1 ! DI6];E (! V>I\S S5SE-ORGANS IS
TOO PLA9 6MISS4 ,B 9 ! CASE ( T\* !
OBSCUR;Y REMA9S4
  ,"! M/ 2 S* A NATUR,Y ATTA*$ ,8M$IUM0'
Z FLE%1 = NO LIV+ BODY CD 2 3/RUCT$ (
AIR OR WAT]2 X M/ 2 "S?+ SOLID4
,3SEQU5TLY X M/ 2 -POS$ ( E>? AL;G ) ^!1
: IS J :AT FLE% & XS ANALOGUE 9 ANIMALS
: H NO TRUE FLE% T5D 6BE4 ,H;E (
NECESS;Y ! M$IUM "? : >E TRANSMITT$ !
MANIFOLDLY 3TRA/$ TACTUAL QUALITIES M/ 2
A BODY NATUR,Y ATTA*$ 6! ORGANISM4 ,T !Y
>E MANIFOLD IS CLE> :5 WE 3SID] T\*+ )!
T;GUE2 WE APPREH5D AT ! T;GUE ALL TANGI#
QUALITIES Z WELL Z FLAV\R4 ,SUPPOSE ALL
! RE/ ( \R FLE% WAS1 L ! T;GUE1 S5SITIVE
6FLAV\R1 WE %D H ID5TIFI$ ! S5SE ( TA/E
&! S5SE ( T\*2 :AT SAVES U F ?
ID5TIFIC,N IS ! FACT T T\* & TA/E >E N
ALW F.D TGR 9 ! SAME "P (! BODY4 ,!
FOLL[+ PRO#M MI<T 2 RAIS$4 ,LET U ASSUME
T E BODY HAS DEP?1 I4E4 HAS ?REE
DIM5.NS1 & T IF TWO BODIES H A ?IRD BODY
2T !M !Y _C 2 9 3TACT ) "O ANO!R2 LET U
REMEMB] T :AT IS LIQUID IS A BODY & M/ 2
OR 3TA9 WAT]1 & T IF TWO BODIES T\* "O
ANO!R "U WAT]1 _! T\*+ SURFACES _C 2
DRY1 B M/ H WAT] 2T1 VIZ4 ! WAT] : WETS
_! B.D+ SURFACES2 F ALL ? X FOLL[S T 9
WAT] TWO BODIES _C 2 9 3TACT ) "O ANO!R4
,! SAME HOLDS ( TWO BODIES 9 AIR-AIR 2+
6BODIES 9 AIR PRECISELY :AT WAT] IS
6BODIES 9 WAT]-B ! FACTS >E N S EVID5T
6\R OBS]V,N1 2C WE LIVE 9 AIR1 J Z
ANIMALS T LIVE 9 WAT] WD N NOTICE T !
?+S : T\* "O ANO!R 9 WAT] H WET
SURFACES4 ,! PRO#M1 !N1 IS3 DOES !
P]CEP;N ( ALL OBJECTS ( S5SE TAKE PLACE
9 ! SAME WAY1 OR DOES X N1 E4G4 TA/E &
T\* REQUIR+ 3TACT 7Z !Y >E -MONLY ?"\
6D71 :ILE ALL O!R S5SES P]CV OV] A 4T.E8
,! 4T9C;N IS UNS.D2 WE P]CV :AT IS H>D
OR S(T1 Z WELL Z ! OBJECTS ( HE>+1 SI<T1
& SMELL1 "? A ,8M$IUM0'1 ONLY T ! LATT]
>E P]CVD OV] A GRT] 4T.E ?AN ! =M]2 T IS
:Y ! FACTS ESCAPE \R NOTICE4 ,= WE D
P]CV "EY?+ "? A M$IUM2 B 9 ^! CASES !
FACT ESCAPES U4 ,YET1 6REP1T :AT WE SD
2F1 IF ! M$IUM = T\* 7 A MEMBRANE
SEP>AT+ U F ! OBJECT )\T \R OBS]V+ XS
EXI/;E1 WE %D 2 RELATIVELY 6X 9 ! SAME
3DI;N Z WE >E N[ 6AIR OR WAT] 9 : WE >E
IMM]S$2 9 _! CASE WE FANCY WE C T\*
OBJECTS1 NO?+ -+ 9 2T U & !M4 ,B "!
REMA9S ? DI6];E 2T :AT C 2 T\*$ & :AT C
2 SE5 OR C S.D2 9 ! LATT] TWO CASES WE
P]CV 2C ! M$IUM PRODUCES A C]TA9 E6ECT
^U U1 ":AS 9 ! P]CEP;N ( OBJECTS ( T\*
WE >E A6ECT$ N 0B AL;G )! M$IUM2 X IS Z
IF A MAN 7 /RUCK "? 8 %IELD1 ": ! %OCK
IS N F/ GIV5 6! %IELD & PASS$ ON 6! MAN1
B ! 3CUS.N ( BO? IS SIMULTANE\S4
  ,9 G5]AL1 FLE% &! T;GUE >E RELAT$ 6!
R1L ORGANS ( T\* & TA/E1 Z AIR & WAT] >E
6^? ( SI<T1 HE>+1 & SMELL4 ,H;E 9 NEI !
"O CASE NOR ! O!R C "! 2 ANY P]CEP;N (
AN OBJECT IF X IS PLAC$ IMMLY ^U !
ORGAN1 E4G4 IF A :ITE OBJECT IS PLAC$ ON
! SURFACE (! EYE4 ,? AG %[S T :AT HAS !
P[] ( P]CVG ! TANGI# IS S1T$ 9SIDE4
,ONLY S WD "! 2 A -PLETE ANALOGY ) ALL !
O!R S5SES4 ,9 _! CASE IF Y PLACE !
OBJECT ON ! ORGAN X IS N P]CVD1 "H IF Y
PLACE X ON ! FLE% X IS P]CVD2 "!=E FLE%
IS N ! ORGAN B ! M$IUM ( T\*4
  ,:AT C 2 T\*$ >E 4T9CTIVE QUALITIES (
BODY Z BODY2 0S* DI6];ES ,I M1N ^? :
"*IZE ! ELE;TS1 VIZ1 HOT COLD1 DRY MOI/1
( : WE H SPOK5 E>LI] 9 \R TR1TISE ON !
ELE;TS4 ,! ORGAN =! P]CEP;N ( ^! IS T (
T\*-T "P (! BODY 9 : PRIM>ILY ! S5SE (
T\* RESIDES4 ,? IS T "P : IS POT5TI,Y S*
Z XS OBJECT IS ACTU,Y3 = ALL S5SE-
P]CEP;N IS A PROCESS ( 2+ S A6ECT$2 S T
T : MAKES "S?+ S* Z X XF ACTU,Y IS MAKES
! O!R S* 2C ! O!R IS ALR POT5TI,Y S*4 ,T
IS :Y :5 AN OBJECT ( T\* IS EQU,Y HOT &
COLD OR H>D & S(T WE _C P]CV2 :AT WE
P]CV M/ H A DEGREE (! S5SI# QUAL;Y LY+
2Y ! NEUTRAL PO9T4 ,? IMPLIES T ! S5SE
XF IS A ,8M1N0' 2T ANY TWO OPPOSITE
QUALITIES : DET]M9E ! FIELD ( T S5SE4 ,X
IS 6? T X [ES XS P[] ( 4C]N+ ! OBJECTS 9
T FIELD4 ,:AT IS ,8IN ! MI4LE0' IS FITT$
64C]N2 RELATIVELY 6EI EXTREME X C PUT XF
9 ! PLACE (! O!R4 ,Z :AT IS 6P]CV BO?
:ITE & BLACK M/1 62G9 )1 2 ACTU,Y NEI B
POT5TI,Y EI 7& S ) ALL ! O!R S5SE-
ORGANS71 S ! ORGAN ( T\* M/ 2 NEI HOT
NOR COLD4
  ,FUR!R1 Z 9 A S5SE SI<T _H = XS OBJECT
BO? :AT 0 VISI# & :AT 0 9VISI# 7& "! 0 A
P>ALLEL TRU? AB ALL ! O!R S5SES 4CUSS$71
S T\* HAS = XS OBJECT BO? :AT IS TANGI#
& :AT IS 9TANGI#4 ,"H BY ,89TANGI#0' IS
M1NT 7A7 :AT L AIR POSSESSES "S QUAL;Y (
TANGI# ?+S 9 A V SLI<T DEGREE & 7B7 :AT
POSSESSES X 9 AN EXCESSIVE DEGREE1 Z
DE/RUCTIVE ?+S D4
  ,WE H N[ GIV5 AN \TL9E A3.T ( EA* (!
S"EAL S5SES4


                  #AB

  ,! FOLL[+ RESULTS APPLY+ 6ANY & E S5SE
MAY N[ 2 =MULAT$4

7,A7 ,0A ,8S5SE0' IS M1NT :AT HAS ! P[]
  ( RCVG 96XF ! S5SI# =MS ( ?+S )\T !
  MATT]4 ,? M/ 2 3CVD ( Z TAK+ PLACE 9 !
  WAY 9 : A PIECE ( WAX TAKES ON !
  IMPRESS (A SIGNET-R+ )\T ! IRON OR
  GOLD2 WE SAY T :AT PRODUCES ! IMPRES.N
  IS A SIGNET ( BRONZE OR GOLD1 B XS
  "PICUL> METALLIC 3/ITU;N MAKES NO
  DI6];E3 9 A SIMIL> WAY ! S5SE IS
  A6ECT$ 0:AT IS COL\R$ OR FLAV\R$ OR
  S.D+1 B X IS 9DI6]5T :AT 9 EA* CASE !
  SUB/.E IS2 :AT AL"O MATT]S IS :AT
  QUAL;Y X HAS1 I4E4 9 :AT RATIO XS
  3/ITU5TS >E -B9$4
7,B7 ,BY ,8AN ORGAN ( S5SE0' IS M1NT T 9
  : ULTIMATELY S* A P[] IS S1T$4

  ,! S5SE & XS ORGAN >E ! SAME 9 FACT1 B
_! ESS;E IS N ! SAME4 ,:AT P]CVS IS1 (
C\RSE1 A SPATIAL MAGNITUDE1 B WE M/ N
ADMIT T EI ! HAV+ ! P[] 6P]CV OR ! S5SE
XF IS A MAGNITUDE2 :AT !Y >E IS A C]TA9
RATIO OR P[] 9 A MAGNITUDE4 ,? 5A#S U
6EXPLA9 :Y OBJECTS ( S5SE : POSSESS "O (
TWO OPPOSITE S5SI# QUALITIES 9 A DEGREE
L>GELY 9 EXCESS (! O!R OPPOSITE DE/ROY !
ORGANS ( S5SE2 IF ! MOVE;T SET UP 0AN
OBJECT IS TOO /R;G =! ORGAN1 ! EQUIPOISE
( 3TR>Y QUALITIES 9 ! ORGAN1 : J IS XS
S5SORY P[]1 IS 4TURB$2 X IS PRECISELY Z
3CORD & T"O >E DE/ROY$ 0TOO VIOL5TLY
TWANG+ ! /R+S (A LYRE4 ,? EXPLA9S AL :Y
PLANTS _C P]CV4 9 SPITE ( _! HAV+ A
POR;N ( S\L 9 !M & OBVI\SLY 2+ A6ECT$
0TANGI# OBJECTS !MVS2 = UND\BT$LY _!
TEMP]ATURE C 2 L[]$ OR RAIS$4 ,!
EXPLAN,N IS T !Y H NO M1N ( 3TR>Y
QUALITIES1 & S NO PR9CIPLE 9 !M CAPA# (
TAK+ ON ! =MS ( S5SI# OBJECTS )\T _!
MATT]2 9 ! CASE ( PLANTS ! A6EC;N IS AN
A6EC;N 0=M-&-MATT] TGR4 ,! PRO#M MI<T 2
RAIS$3 ,C :AT _C SMELL 2 SD 6BE A6ECT$
0SMELLS OR :AT _C SEE 0COL\RS1 & S ON8
,X MI<T 2 SD T A SMELL IS J :AT C 2
SMELT1 & IF X PRODUCES ANY E6ECT X C
ONLY 2 S Z 6MAKE "S?+ SMELL X1 & X MI<T
2 >GU$ T :AT _C SMELL _C 2 A6ECT$
0SMELLS & FUR!R T :AT C SMELL C 2 A6ECT$
0X ONLY 9 S F> Z X HAS 9 X ! P[] 6SMELL
7SIMIL>LY )! PROP] OBJECTS ( ALL ! O!R
S5SES74 ,9DE$ T ? IS S IS MADE Q EVID5T
Z FOLL[S4 ,LI<T OR D>K;S1 S.DS & SMELLS
L1VE BODIES Q UNA6ECT$2 :AT DOES A6ECT
BODIES IS N ^! B ! BODIES : >E _!
VEHICLES1 E4G4 :AT SPLITS ! TRUNK (A
TREE IS N ! S.D (! ?"U B ! AIR :
A3OMPANIES ?"U4 ,YES1 B1 X MAY 2
OBJECT$1 BODIES >E A6ECT$ 0:AT IS TANGI#
& 0FLAV\RS4 ,IF N1 0:AT >E ?+S T >E )\T
S\L A6ECT$1 I4E4 ALT]$ 9 QUAL;Y8 ,M/ WE
N1 !N1 ADMIT T ! OBJECTS (! O!R S5SES AL
MAY A6ECT !M8 ,IS N ! TRUE A3.T ?1 T ALL
BODIES >E CAPA# ( 2+ A6ECT$ 0SMELLS &
S.DS1 B T "S ON 2+ ACT$ ^U1 HAV+ NO
B.D>IES ( _! [N1 49TEGRATE1 Z 9 ! 9/.E (
AIR1 : DOES 2COME ODOR\S1 %[+ T "S E6ECT
IS PRODUC$ ON X 0:AT IS ODOR\S8 ,B
SMELL+ IS M ?AN S* AN A6EC;N 0:AT IS
ODOR\S-:AT M8 ,IS N ! ANSW] T1 :ILE !
AIR [+ 6! MO;T>Y DUR,N (! AC;N ^U X (
:AT IS ODOR\S DOES XF 2COME P]CEPTI# 6!
S5SE ( SMELL1 SMELL+ IS AN OBS]V+ (!
RESULT PRODUC$8

              ,BOOK ,,III
                   #A

  ,T "! IS NO SIX? S5SE 9 A4I;N 6! FIVE
ENUM]AT$-SI<T1 HE>+1 SMELL1 TA/E1 T\*-
MAY 2 E/ABLI%$ 0! FOLL[+ 3SID],NS3
  ,IF WE H ACTU,Y S5S,N ( "EY?+ ( : T\*
C GIVE U S5S,N 7= ALL ! QUALITIES (!
TANGI# QUA TANGI# >E P]CVD 0U "? T\*72 &
IF ABS;E (A S5SE NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES
ABS;E (A S5SE-ORGAN2 & IF 7#A7 ALL
OBJECTS T WE P]CV 0IMM 3TACT ) !M >E
P]CEPTI# 0T\*1 : S5SE WE ACTU,Y POSSESS1
& 7#B7 ALL OBJECTS T WE P]CV "? M$IA1
I4E4 )\T IMM 3TACT1 >E P]CEPTI# 0OR "? !
SIMPLE ELE;TS1 E4G4 AIR & WAT] 7& ? IS S
>RANG$ T 7A7 IF M ?AN "O K9D ( S5SI#
OBJECT IS P]CEIVA# "? A S+LE M$IUM1 !
POSSESSOR (A S5SE-ORGAN HOMOG5E\S ) T
M$IUM HAS ! P[] ( P]CVG BO? K9DS (
OBJECTS2 = EXAMPLE1 IF ! S5SE-ORGAN IS
MADE ( AIR1 & AIR IS A M$IUM BO? = S.D &
= COL\R2 & T 7B7 IF M ?AN "O M$IUM C
TRANSMIT ! SAME K9D ( S5SI# OBJECTS1 Z
E4G4 WAT] Z WELL Z AIR C TRANSMIT COL\R1
BO? 2+ TRANSP>5T1 !N ! POSSESSOR ( EI
AL"O W 2 A# 6P]CV ! K9D ( OBJECTS
TRANSMISSI# "? BO?72 & IF (! SIMPLE
ELE;TS TWO ONLY1 AIR & WAT]1 G 6=M S5SE-
ORGANS 7=! PUPIL IS MADE ( WAT]1 ! ORGAN
( HE>+ IS MADE ( AIR1 &! ORGAN ( SMELL (
"O OR O!R ( ^! TWO1 :ILE FIRE IS F.D EI
9 N"O OR 9 ALL-W>M? 2+ AN ESS5TIAL 3DI;N
( ALL S5SIBIL;Y-& E>? EI 9 N"O OR1 IF
ANY":1 SPECI,Y M+L$ )! -PON5TS (! ORGAN
( T\*2 ":=E X WD REMA9 T "! C 2 NO S5SE-
ORGAN =M$ ( ANY?+ EXCEPT WAT] & AIR72 &
IF ^! S5SE-ORGANS >E ACTU,Y F.D 9 C]TA9
ANIMALS2-!N ALL ! POSSI# S5SES >E
POSSESS$ 0^? ANIMALS T >E N IMP]FECT OR
MUTILAT$ 7= EV5 ! MOLE IS OBS]V$ 6H EYES
2N XS SK972 S T1 IF "! IS NO FIF? ELE;T
& NO PROP]TY O!R ?AN ^? : 2L;G 6! F\R
ELE;TS ( \R _W1 NO S5SE C 2 WANT+ 6S*
ANIMALS4
  ,FUR!R1 "! _C 2 A SPECIAL S5SE-ORGAN =
! -MON S5SI#S EI1 I4E4 ! OBJECTS : WE
P]CV 9CID5T,Y "? ? OR T SPECIAL S5SE1
E4G4 MOVE;T1 RE/1 FIGURE1 MAGNITUDE1
NUMB]1 UN;Y2 = ALL ^! WE P]CV 0MOVE;T1
E4G4 MAGNITUDE 0MOVE;T1 & "!=E AL FIGURE
7= FIGURE IS A SPECIES ( MAGNITUDE71 :AT
IS AT RE/ 0! ABS;E ( MOVE;T3 NUMB] IS
P]CVD 0! NEG,N ( 3T9U;Y1 & 0! SPECIAL
S5SI#S2 = EA* S5SE P]CVS "O CLASS (
S5SI# OBJECTS4 ,S T X IS CLE>LY IMPOSSI#
T "! %D 2 A SPECIAL S5SE = ANY "O (!
-MON S5SI#S1 E4G4 MOVE;T2 =1 IF T 7 S1
\R P]CEP;N ( X WD 2 EXACTLY P>ALLEL 6\R
PRES5T P]CEP;N ( :AT IS SWEET 0VI.N4 ,T
IS S 2C WE H A S5SE = EA* (! TWO
QUALITIES1 9 VIRTUE ( : :5 !Y HAPP5
6MEET 9 "O S5SI# OBJECT WE >E AW>E ( BO?
3TEMPORANE\SLY4 ,IF X 7 N L ? \R P]CEP;N
(! -MON QUALITIES WD ALW 2 9CID5TAL1
I4E4 Z IS ! P]CEP;N ( ,CLEON'S SON1 ":
WE P]CV HM N Z ,CLEON'S SON B Z :ITE1 &!
:ITE ?+ : WE RE,Y P]CV HAPP5S 6BE
,CLEON'S SON4
  ,B 9 ! CASE (! -MON S5SI#S "! IS ALR 9
U A G5]AL S5SIBIL;Y : 5A#S U 6P]CV !M
DIRECTLY2 "! IS "!=E NO SPECIAL S5SE
REQUIR$ = _! P]CEP;N3 IF "! W]E1 \R
P]CEP;N ( !M WD H BE5 EXACTLY L :AT HAS
BE5 ABV DESCRIB$4
  ,! S5SES P]CV EA* O!R'S SPECIAL
OBJECTS 9CID5T,Y2 N 2C ! P]CIPI5T S5SE
IS ? OR T SPECIAL S5SE1 B 2C ALL =M A
UN;Y3 ? 9CID5TAL P]CEP;N TAKES PLACE
:5"E S5SE IS DIRECT$ AT "O &! SAME MO;T
6TWO 4P>ATE QUALITIES 9 "O &! SAME
OBJECT1 E4G4 6! BITT];S &! YELL[;S (
BILE1 ! ASS];N (! ID5T;Y ( BO? _C 2 !
ACT ( EI (! S5SES2 H;E ! ILLU.N ( S5SE1
E4G4 ! 2LIEF T IF A ?+ IS YELL[ X IS
BILE4
  ,X MI<T 2 ASK$ :Y WE H M S5SES ?AN "O4
,IS X 6PREV5T A FAILURE 6APPREH5D ! -MON
S5SI#S1 E4G4 MOVE;T1 MAGNITUDE1 & NUMB]1
: G AL;G )! SPECIAL S5SI#S8 ,_H WE NO
S5SE B SI<T1 & T S5SE NO OBJECT B :ITE1
!Y WD H T5D$ 6ESCAPE \R NOTICE & "EY?+
WD H M]G$ = U 96AN 9DIST+UI%A# ID5T;Y 2C
(! 3COMIT.E ( COL\R & MAGNITUDE4 ,Z X
IS1 ! FACT T ! -MON S5SI#S >E GIV5 9 !
OBJECTS ( M ?AN "O S5SE REV1LS _! 4T9C;N
F EA* & ALL (! SPECIAL S5SI#S4

                   #B

  ,S9CE X IS "? S5SE T WE >E AW>E T WE
>E SEE+ OR HE>+1 X M/ 2 EI 0SI<T T WE >E
AW>E ( SEE+1 OR 0"S S5SE O!R ?AN SI<T4
,B ! S5SE T GIVES U ? NEW S5S,N M/ P]CV
BO? SI<T & XS OBJECT1 VIZ4 COL\R3 S T EI
7#A7 "! W 2 TWO S5SES BO? P]CIPI5T (!
SAME S5SI# OBJECT1 OR 7#B7 ! S5SE M/ 2
P]CIPI5T ( XF4 ,FUR!R1 EV5 IF ! S5SE :
P]CVS SI<T 7 DI6]5T F SI<T1 WE M/ EI
FALL 96AN 9F9ITE REGRESS1 OR WE M/ "S":
ASSUME A S5SE : IS AW>E ( XF4 ,IF S1 WE
"\ 6D ? 9 ! F/ CASE4
  ,? PRES5TS A DI6ICULTY3 IF 6P]CV 0SI<T
IS J 6SEE1 & :AT IS SE5 IS COL\R 7OR !
COL\R$71 !N IF WE >E 6SEE T : SEES1 T :
SEES ORIG9,Y M/ 2 COL\R$4 ,X IS CLE>
"!=E T ,86P]CV 0SI<T0' HAS M ?AN "O
M1N+2 = EV5 :5 WE >E N SEE+1 X IS 0SI<T
T WE 4CRIM9ATE D>K;S F LI<T1 ?\< N 9 !
SAME WAY Z WE 4T+UI% "O COL\R F ANO!R4
,FUR!R1 9 A S5SE EV5 T : SEES IS COL\R$2
= 9 EA* CASE ! S5SE-ORGAN IS CAPA# (
RCVG ! S5SI# OBJECT )\T XS MATT]4 ,T IS
:Y EV5 :5 ! S5SI# OBJECTS >E G"O ! S5S+S
& IMAG9+S 3T9UE 6EXI/ 9 ! S5SE-ORGANS4
  ,! ACTIV;Y (! S5SI# OBJECT & T (!
P]CIPI5T S5SE IS "O &! SAME ACTIV;Y1 &
YET ! 4T9C;N 2T _! 2+ REMA9S4 ,TAKE Z
ILLU/R,N ACTUAL S.D & ACTUAL HE>+3 A MAN
MAY H HE>+ & YET N 2 HE>+1 & T : HAS A
S.D IS N ALW S.D+4 ,B :5 T : C HE> IS
ACTIVELY HE>+ & : C S.D IS S.D+1 !N !
ACTUAL HE>+ &! ACTUAL S.D >E M]G$ 9 "O
7^! "O MI<T CALL RESPECTIVELY HE>K5+ &
S.D+74
  ,IF X IS TRUE T ! MOVE;T1 BO? ! ACT+ &
! 2+ ACT$ ^U1 IS 6BE F.D 9 T : IS ACT$
^U1 BO? ! S.D &! HE>+ S F> Z X IS ACTUAL
M/ 2 F.D 9 T : HAS ! FACULTY ( HE>+2 = X
IS 9 ! PASSIVE FACTOR T ! ACTUAL;Y (!
ACTIVE OR MOTIVE FACTOR IS R1LIZ$2 T IS
:Y T : CAUSES MOVE;T MAY 2 AT RE/4 ,N[ !
ACTUAL;Y ( T : C S.D IS J S.D OR S.D+1 &
! ACTUAL;Y ( T : C HE> IS HE>+ OR
HE>K5+2 ,8S.D0' & ,8HE>+0' >E BO?
AMBIGU\S4 ,! SAME A3.T APPLIES 6! O!R
S5SES & _! OBJECTS4 ,= Z !-ACT+-&-2+-
ACT$-^U IS 6BE F.D 9 ! PASSIVE1 N 9 !
ACTIVE FACTOR1 S AL ! ACTUAL;Y (! S5SI#
OBJECT & T (! S5SITIVE SUBJECT >E BO?
R1LIZ$ 9 ! LATT]4 ,B :ILE 9 "S CASES EA*
ASPECT (! TOTAL ACTUAL;Y HAS A 4T9CT "N1
E4G4 S.D+ & HE>K5+1 9 "S "O OR O!R IS
"N.S1 E4G4 ! ACTUAL;Y ( SI<T IS CALL$
SEE+1 B ! ACTUAL;Y ( COL\R HAS NO "N3 !
ACTUAL;Y (! FACULTY ( TA/E IS CALL$
TA/+1 B ! ACTUAL;Y ( FLAV\R HAS NO "N4
,S9CE ! ACTUALITIES (! S5SI# OBJECT &(!
S5SITIVE FACULTY >E "O ACTUAL;Y 9 SPITE
(! DI6];E 2T _! MODES ( 2+1 ACTUAL HE>+
& ACTUAL S.D+ APPE> & 4APPE> F EXI/;E AT
"O &! SAME MO;T1 & S ACTUAL SAV\R &
ACTUAL TA/+1 &C41 :ILE Z POT5TIALITIES
"O ( !M MAY EXI/ )\T ! O!R4 ,! E>LI]
/UD5TS ( NATURE 7 MISTAK5 9 _! VIEW T
)\T SI<T "! 0 NO :ITE OR BLACK1 )\T TA/E
NO SAV\R4 ,? /ATE;T ( _!S IS "PLY TRUE1
"PLY FALSE3 ,8S5SE0' & ,8! S5SI#
OBJECT0' >E AMBIGU\S T]MS1 I4E4 MAY
DENOTE EI POT5TIALITIES OR ACTUALITIES3
! /ATE;T IS TRUE (! LATT]1 FALSE (! =M]4
,? AMBIGU;Y !Y :OLLY FAIL$ 6NOTICE4
  ,IF VOICE ALW IMPLIES A 3CORD1 & IF !
VOICE &! HE>+ ( X >E 9 "O S5SE "O &!
SAME1 & IF 3CORD ALW IMPLIES A RATIO1
HE>+ Z WELL Z :AT IS HE>D M/ 2 A RATIO4
,T IS :Y ! EXCESS ( EI ! %>P OR ! FLAT
DE/ROYS ! HE>+4 7,S AL 9 ! CASE ( SAV\RS
EXCESS DE/ROYS ! S5SE ( TA/E1 & 9 ! CASE
( COL\RS EXCESSIVE B"R;S OR D>K;S
DE/ROYS ! SI<T1 & 9 ! CASE ( SMELL
EXCESS ( /R5G? :E!R 9 ! DIREC;N (
SWEET;S OR BITT];S IS DE/RUCTIVE47 ,?
%[S T ! S5SE IS A RATIO4
  ,T IS AL :Y ! OBJECTS ( S5SE >E 7#A7
PL1SANT :5 ! S5SI# EXTREMES S* Z ACID OR
SWEET OR SALT 2+ PURE & UNMIX$ >E BR"\
96! PROP] RATIO2 !N !Y >E PL1SANT3 & 9
G5]AL :AT IS BL5D$ IS M PL1SANT ?AN !
%>P OR ! FLAT AL"O2 OR1 6T\*1 T : IS
CAPA# ( 2+ EI W>M$ OR *ILL$3 ! S5SE &!
RATIO >E ID5TICAL3 :ILE 7#B7 9 EXCESS !
S5SI# EXTREMES >E PA9;L OR DE/RUCTIVE4
  ,EA* S5SE !N IS RELATIVE 6XS "PICUL>
GR\P ( S5SI# QUALITIES3 X IS F.D 9 A
S5SE-ORGAN Z S* & 4CRIM9ATES ! DI6];ES :
EXI/ )9 T GR\P2 E4G4 SI<T 4CRIM9ATES
:ITE & BLACK1 TA/E SWEET & BITT]1 & S 9
ALL CASES4 ,S9CE WE AL 4CRIM9ATE :ITE F
SWEET1 & 9DE$ EA* S5SI# QUAL;Y F E O!R1
) :AT D WE P]CV T !Y >E DI6]5T8 ,X M/ 2
0S5SE2 = :AT IS 2F U IS S5SI# OBJECTS4
7,H;E X IS AL OBVI\S T ! FLE% _C 2 !
ULTIMATE S5SE-ORGAN3 IF X W]E1 !
4CRIM9AT+ P[] CD N D XS "W )\T IMM 3TACT
)! OBJECT47
  ,"!=E 7#A7 4CRIM9,N 2T :ITE & SWEET _C
2 E6ECT$ 0TWO AG5CIES : REMA9 SEP>ATE2
BO? ! QUALITIES 4CRIM9AT$ M/ 2 PRES5T
6"S?+ T IS "O & S+LE4 ,ON ANY O!R
SUPPOSI;N EV5 IF ,I P]CVD SWEET & Y
P]CVD :ITE1 ! DI6];E 2T !M WD 2 APP>5T4
,:AT SAYS T TWO ?+S >E DI6]5T M/ 2 "O2 =
SWEET IS DI6]5T F :ITE4 ,"!=E :AT ASS]TS
? DI6];E M/ 2 SELF-ID5TICAL1 & Z :AT
ASS]TS1 S AL :AT ?9KS OR P]CVS4 ,T X IS
N POSSI# 0M1NS ( TWO AG5CIES : REMA9
SEP>ATE 64CRIM9ATE TWO OBJECTS : >E
SEP>ATE1 IS "!=E OBVI\S2 & T 7X IS N
POSSI# 6D ? 9 SEP>ATE MOVE;TS ( "T MAY 2
SE50' IF WE LOOK AT X Z FOLL[S4 ,= Z :AT
ASS]TS ! DI6];E 2T ! GD &! BAD IS "O &!
SAME1 S AL ! "T AT : X ASS]TS ! "O 6BE
DI6]5T &! O!R 6BE DI6]5T IS N A3ID5TAL
6! ASS];N 7Z X IS = 9/.E :5 ,I N[ ASS]T
A DI6];E B D N ASS]T T "! IS N[ A
DI6];E72 X ASS]TS ?US-BO? N[ & T !
OBJECTS >E DI6]5T N[2 ! OBJECTS "!=E M/
2 PRES5T AT "O &! SAME MO;T4 ,BO? !
4CRIM9AT+ P[] &! "T ( XS EX]CISE M/ 2 "O
& UNDIVID$4
  ,B1 X MAY 2 OBJECT$1 X IS IMPOSSI# T
:AT IS SELF-ID5TICAL %D 2 MOV$ AT ME &!
SAME "T ) 3TR>Y MOVE;TS 9 S F> Z X IS
UNDIVID$1 & 9 AN UNDIVID$ MO;T ( "T4 ,=
IF :AT IS SWEET 2 ! QUAL;Y P]CVD1 X
MOVES ! S5SE OR ?"\ 9 ? DET]M9ATE WAY1
:ILE :AT IS BITT] MOVES X 9 A 3TR>Y WAY1
& :AT IS :ITE 9 A DI6]5T WAY4 ,IS X !
CASE !N T :AT 4CRIM9ATES1 ?\< BO?
NUM]IC,Y "O & 9DIVISI#1 IS AT ! SAME "T
DIVID$ 9 XS 2+8 ,9 "O S5SE1 X IS :AT IS
DIVID$ T P]CVS TWO SEP>ATE OBJECTS AT
ONCE1 B 9 ANO!R S5SE X DOES S QUA
UNDIVID$2 = X IS DIVISI# 9 XS 2+ B
SPATI,Y & NUM]IC,Y UNDIVID$4 IS N ?
IMPOSSI#8 ,= :ILE X IS TRUE T :AT IS
SELF-ID5TICAL & UNDIVID$ MAY 2 BO?
3TR>IES AT ONCE POT5TI,Y1 X _C 2 SELF-
ID5TICAL 9 XS 2+-X M/ LOSE XS UN;Y 02+
PUT 96ACTIV;Y4 ,X IS N POSSI# 6BE AT
ONCE :ITE & BLACK1 & "!=E X M/ AL 2
IMPOSSI# =A ?+ 6BE A6ECT$ AT "O &! SAME
MO;T 0! =MS ( BO?1 ASSUM+ X 6BE ! CASE T
S5S,N & ?9K+ >E PROP]LY S DESCRIB$4
  ,! ANSW] IS T J Z :AT IS CALL$ A
,8PO9T0' IS1 Z 2+ AT ONCE "O & TWO1
PROP]LY SD 6BE DIVISI#1 S "H1 T :
4CRIM9ATES IS QUA UNDIVID$ "O1 & ACTIVE
9 A S+LE MO;T ( "T1 :ILE S F> =? Z X IS
DIVISI# X TWICE OV] USES ! SAME DOT AT
"O &! SAME "T4 ,S F> =? !N Z X TAKES !
LIMIT Z TWO0' X 4CRIM9ATES TWO SEP>ATE
OBJECTS ) :AT 9 A S5SE IS DIVID$3 :ILE S
F> Z X TAKES X Z "O1 X DOES S ) :AT IS
"O & O3UPIES 9 XS ACTIV;Y A S+LE MO;T (
"T4
  ,AB ! PR9CIPLE 9 VIRTUE ( : WE SAY T
ANIMALS >E P]CIPI5T1 LET ? 4CUS.N
SU6ICE4

                   #C

  ,"! >E TWO 4T9CTIVE PECULI>ITIES
0REF];E 6: WE "*IZE ! S\L 7#A7 LOCAL
MOVE;T & 7#B7 ?9K+1 4CRIM9AT+1 & P]CVG4
,?9K+ BO? SPECULATIVE & PRACTICAL IS
REG>D$ Z AK9 6A =M ( P]CVG2 = 9 ! "O Z
WELL Z ! O!R ! S\L 4CRIM9ATES & IS
COGNIZANT ( "S?+ : IS4 ,9DE$ ! ANCI5TS G
S F> Z 6ID5TIFY ?9K+ & P]CVG2 E4G4
,EMP$OCLES SAYS ,8,= 'TIS 9 RESPECT (
:AT IS PRES5T T MAN'S WIT IS 9CR1S$0'1 &
AG ,8,:;E X 2FALLS !M F "T 6"T 6?9K
DIV]SE ?"\S0'1 & ,HOM]'S PHRASE ,8,=
S*LIKE IS MAN'S M9D0' M1NS ! SAME4 ,!Y
ALL LOOK ^U ?9K+ Z A BODILY PROCESS L
P]CVG1 & HOLD T L IS "KN Z WELL Z P]CVD
0L1 Z ,I EXPLA9$ AT ! 2G9N+ ( \R 4CUS.N4
,YET !Y "\ AT ! SAME "T 6H A3.T$ = ]ROR
AL2 = X IS M 9TIMATELY 3NECT$ ) ANIMAL
EXI/;E &! S\L 3T9UES L;G] 9 ! /ATE (
]ROR ?AN 9 T ( TRU?4 ,!Y _C ESCAPE !
DILEMMA3 EI 7#A7 :AT"E SEEMS IS TRUE 7&
"! >E "S :O A3EPT ?7 OR 7#B7 ]ROR IS
3TACT )! UNLIKE2 = T IS ! OPPOSITE (!
"K+ ( L 0L4
  ,B X IS A RCVD PR9CIPLE T ]ROR Z WELL
Z K 9 RESPECT 63TR>IES IS "O &! SAME4
  ,T P]CVG & PRACTICAL ?9K+ >E N
ID5TICAL IS "!=E OBVI\S2 =! =M] IS
UNIV]SAL 9 ! ANIMAL _W1 ! LATT] IS F.D 9
ONLY A SMALL DIVI.N ( X4 ,FUR!R1
SPECULATIVE ?9K+ IS AL 4T9CT F P]CVG-,I
M1N T 9 : WE F9D "R;S & WR;G;S-"R;S 9
PRUD;E1 K1 TRUE OP9ION1 WR;G;S 9 _!
OPPOSITES2 = P]CEP;N (! SPECIAL OBJECTS
( S5SE IS ALW FREE F ]ROR1 & IS F.D 9
ALL ANIMALS1 :ILE X IS POSSI# 6?9K
FALSELY Z WELL Z TRULY1 & ?"\ IS F.D
ONLY ": "! IS 4C\RSE ( R1SON Z WELL Z
S5SIBIL;Y4 ,= IMAG9,N IS DI6]5T F EI
P]CVG OR 4CURSIVE ?9K+1 ?\< X IS N F.D
)\T S5S,N1 OR JUDGE;T )\T X4 ,T ?
ACTIV;Y IS N ! SAME K9D ( ?9K+ Z JUDGE;T
IS OBVI\S4 ,= IMAG9+ LIES )9 \R [N P[]
:5"E WE WI% 7E4G4 WE C CALL UP A
PICTURE1 Z 9 ! PRACTICE ( MNEMONICS 0!
USE ( M5TAL IMAGES71 B 9 =M+ OP9IONS WE
>E N FREE3 WE _C ESCAPE ! ALT]NATIVE (
FALSEHOOD OR TRU?4 ,FUR!R1 :5 WE ?9K
"S?+ 6BE FE>;L OR ?R1T5+1 EMO;N IS IMMLY
PRODUC$1 & S TOO ) :AT IS 5C\RAG+2 B :5
WE M]ELY IMAG9E WE REMA9 Z UNA6ECT$ Z
P]SONS :O >E LOOK+ AT A PA9T+ ( "S
DR1D;L OR 5C\RAG+ SC5E4 ,AG )9 ! FIELD (
JUDGE;T XF WE F9D V>IETIES1 K1 OP9ION1
PRUD;E1 & _! OPPOSITES2 (! DI6];ES 2T ^!
,I M/ SP1K ELSE":4
  ,?9K+ IS DI6]5T F P]CVG & IS HELD 6BE
9 "P IMAG9,N1 9 "P JUDGE;T3 WE M/ "!=E
F/ M>K (F ! SPH]E ( IMAG9,N & !N SP1K (
JUDGE;T4 ,IF !N IMAG9,N IS T 9 VIRTUE (
: AN IMAGE >ISES = U1 EXCLUD+
METAPHORICAL USES (! T]M1 IS X A S+LE
FACULTY OR 4POSI;N RELATIVE 6IMAGES1 9
VIRTUE ( : WE 4CRIM9ATE & >E EI 9 ]ROR
OR N8 ,! FACULTIES 9 VIRTUE ( : WE D ?
>E S5SE1 OP9ION1 SCI;E1 9TELLIG;E4
  ,T IMAG9,N IS N S5SE IS CLE> F !
FOLL[+ 3SID],NS3 ,S5SE IS EI A FACULTY
OR AN ACTIV;Y1 E4G4 SI<T OR SEE+3
IMAG9,N TAKES PLACE 9 ! ABS;E ( BO?1 Z
E4G4 9 DR1MS4 7,AG1 S5SE IS ALW PRES5T1
IMAG9,N N4 ,IF ACTUAL IMAG9,N & ACTUAL
S5S,N 7 ! SAME1 IMAG9,N WD 2 F.D 9 ALL !
BRUTES3 ? IS HELD N 6BE ! CASE2 E4G4 X
IS N F.D 9 ANTS OR BEES OR GRUBS4 7,AG1
S5S,NS >E ALW TRUE1 IMAG9,NS >E =! MO/
"P FALSE4 7,ONCE M1 EV5 9 ORD9>Y SPEE*1
WE D N1 :5 S5SE FUNC;NS PRECISELY )
REG>D 6XS OBJECT1 SAY T WE IMAG9E X 6BE
A MAN1 B R :5 "! IS "S FAILURE ( A3URACY
9 XS EX]CISE4 ,& Z WE 7 SAY+ 2F1 VI.NS
APPE> 6U EV5 :5 \R EYES >E %UT4 ,NEI IS
IMAG9,N ANY (! ?+S T >E N"E 9 ]ROR3 E4G4
K OR 9TELLIG;E2 = IMAG9,N MAY 2 FALSE4
  ,X REMA9S "!=E 6SEE IF X IS OP9ION1 =
OP9ION MAY 2 EI TRUE OR FALSE4
  ,B OP9ION 9VOLVES 2LIEF 7= )\T 2LIEF 9
:AT WE OP9E WE _C H AN OP9ION71 & 9 !
BRUTES ?\< WE (T5 F9D IMAG9,N WE N"E F9D
2LIEF4 ,FUR!R1 E OP9ION IS A3OMPANI$
02LIEF1 2LIEF 03VIC;N1 & 3VIC;N 04C\RSE
( R1SON3 :ILE "! >E "S (! BRUTES 9 : WE
F9D IMAG9,N1 )\T 4C\RSE ( R1SON4 ,X IS
CLE> !N T IMAG9,N _C1 AG1 2 7#A7 OP9ION
PLUS S5S,N1 OR 7#B7 OP9ION M$IAT$
0S5S,N1 OR 7#C7 A BL5D ( OP9ION & S5S,N2
? IS IMPOSSI# BO? = ^! R1SONS & 2C !
3T5T (! SUPPOS$ OP9ION _C 2 DI6]5T F T (
! S5S,N 7,I M1N T IMAG9,N M/ 2 ! BL5D+ (
! P]CEP;N ( :ITE )! OP9ION T X IS :ITE3
X CD SC>CELY 2 A BL5D (! OP9ION T X IS
GD )! P]CEP;N T X IS :ITE73 6IMAG9E IS
"!=E 7ON ? VIEW7 ID5TICAL )! ?9K+ (
EXACTLY ! SAME Z :AT "O 9 ! /RICTE/ S5SE
P]CVS4 ,B :AT WE IMAG9E IS "S"TS FALSE
?\< \R 3TEMPORANE\S JUDGE;T AB X IS
TRUE2 E4G4 WE IMAG9E ! SUN 6BE A FOOT 9
DIAMET] ?\< WE >E 3V9C$ T X IS L>G] ?AN
! 9HABIT$ "P (! E>?1 &! FOLL[+ DILEMMA
PRES5TS XF4 ,EI 7A :ILE ! FACT HAS N
*ANG$ &! 7OBS]V] HAS NEI =GOTT5 NOR LO/
2LIEF 9 ! TRUE OP9ION : HE _H1 T OP9ION
HAS 4APPE>$1 OR 7B7 IF HE RETA9S X !N 8
OP9ION IS AT ONCE TRUE & FALSE4 ,A TRUE
OP9ION1 H["E1 2COMES FALSE ONLY :5 !
FACT ALT]S )\T 2+ NOTIC$4
  ,IMAG9,N IS "!=E NEI ANY "O (! /ATES
ENUM]AT$1 NOR -P.D$ \ ( !M4
  ,B S9CE :5 "O ?+ HAS BE5 SET 9 MO;N
ANO!R ?+ MAY 2 MOV$ 0X1 & IMAG9,N IS
HELD 6BE A MOVE;T & 6BE IMPOSSI# )\T
S5S,N1 I4E4 6O3UR 9 2+S T >E P]CIPI5T &
6H = XS 3T5T :AT C 2 P]CVD1 & S9CE
MOVE;T MAY 2 PRODUC$ 0ACTUAL S5S,N & T
MOVE;T IS NECESS>ILY SIMIL> 9 "* 6!
S5S,N XF1 ? MOVE;T M/ 2 7#A7 NECESS>ILY
7A7 9CAPA# ( EXI/+ A"P F S5S,N1 7B7
9CAPA# ( EXI/+ EXCEPT :5 WE P]CV1 7S* T
9 VIRTUE ( XS POSSES.N T 9 : X IS F.D
MAY PRES5T V>I\S PH5OM5A BO? ACTIVE &
PASSIVE1 & 7S* T X MAY 2 EI TRUE OR
FALSE4
  ,! R1SON (! LA/ "*I/IC IS Z FOLL[S4
,P]CEP;N 7#A7 (! SPECIAL OBJECTS ( S5SE
IS N"E 9 ]ROR OR ADMITS ! L1/ POSSI#
AM.T ( FALSEHOOD4 7#B7 ,T (! 3COMIT.E (!
OBJECTS 3COMITANT )! S5SI# QUALITIES -ES
NEXT3 9 ? CASE C]TA9LY WE MAY 2 DCVD2 =
:ILE ! P]CEP;N T "! IS :ITE 2F U _C 2
FALSE1 ! P]CEP;N T :AT IS :ITE IS ? OR T
MAY 2 FALSE4 7#C7 ,?IRD -ES ! P]CEP;N (!
UNIV]SAL ATTRIBUTES : A3OMPANY !
3COMITANT OBJECTS 6: ! SPECIAL S5SI#S
ATTA* 7,I M1N E4G4 ( MOVE;T &
MAGNITUDE72 X IS 9 RESPECT ( ^! T !
GRTE/ AM.T ( S5SE-ILLU.N IS POSSI#4
  ,! MO;N : IS DUE 6! ACTIV;Y ( S5SE 9
^! ?REE MODES ( XS EX]CISE W DI6] F !
ACTIV;Y ( S5SE2 7#A7 ! F/ K9D ( DERIV$
MO;N IS FREE F ]ROR :ILE ! S5S,N IS
PRES5T2 7#B7 & 7#C7 ! O!RS MAY 2 ]RONE\S
:E!R X IS PRES5T OR ABS5T1 ESPECI,Y :5 !
OBJECT ( P]CEP;N IS F> (F4 ,IF !N
IMAG9,N PRES5TS NO O!R F1TURES ?AN ^?
ENUM]AT$ & IS :AT WE H DESCRIB$1 !N
IMAG9,N M/ 2 A MOVE;T RESULT+ F AN
ACTUAL EX]CISE (A P[] ( S5SE4
  ,Z SI<T IS ! MO/ HI<LY DEVELOP$ S5SE1
! "N ,PHANTASIA 7IMAG9,N7 HAS BE5 =M$ F
,PHAOS 7LI<T7 2C X IS N POSSI# 6SEE )\T
LI<T4
  ,& 2C IMAG9,NS REMA9 9 ! ORGANS ( S5SE
& RESEM# S5S,NS1 ANIMALS 9 _! AC;NS >E
L>GELY GUID$ 0!M1 "S 7I4E4 ! BRUTES7 2C
(! NON-EXI/;E 9 !M ( M9D1 O!RS 7I4E4 M57
2C (! TEMPOR>Y ECLIPSE 9 !M ( M9D 0FEEL+
OR 41SE OR SLEEP4
  ,AB IMAG9,N1 :AT X IS & :Y X EXI/S1
LET S M* SU6ICE4


                   #D

  ,TURN+ N[ 6! "P (! S\L ) : ! S\L "KS &
?9KS 7:E!R ? IS SEP>A# F ! O!RS 9
DEF9I;N ONLY1 OR SPATI,Y Z WELL7 WE H
69QUIRE 7#A7 :AT DI6]5TIATES ? "P1 &
7#B7 H[ ?9K+ C TAKE PLACE4
  ,IF ?9K+ IS L P]CVG1 X M/ 2 EI A
PROCESS 9 : ! S\L IS ACT$ ^U 0:AT IS
CAPA# ( 2+ ?"\1 OR A PROCESS DI6]5T F B
ANALOG\S 6T4 ,! ?9K+ "P (! S\L M/ "!=E
BE1 :ILE IMPASSI#1 CAPA# ( RCVG ! =M (
AN OBJECT2 T IS1 M/ 2 POT5TI,Y ID5TICAL
9 "* ) XS OBJECT )\T 2+ ! OBJECT4 ,M9D
M/ 2 RELAT$ 6:AT IS ?9KA#1 Z S5SE IS
6:AT IS S5SI#4
  ,"!=E1 S9CE "EY?+ IS A POSSI# OBJECT (
?"\1 M9D 9 ORD]1 Z ,ANAXAGORAS SAYS1
6DOM9ATE1 T IS1 6"K1 M/ 2 PURE F ALL
ADMIXTURE2 =! CO-PRES;E ( :AT IS ALI5
6XS NATURE IS A H9DR.E &A BLOCK3 X
FOLL[S T X TOO1 L ! S5SITIVE "P1 C H NO
NATURE ( XS [N1 O!R ?AN T ( HAV+ A C]TA9
CAPAC;Y4 ,?US T 9 ! S\L : IS CALL$ M9D
70M9D ,I M1N T ":BY ! S\L ?9KS & JUDGES7
IS1 2F X ?9KS1 N ACTU,Y ANY R1L ?+4 ,= ?
R1SON X _C R1SONABLY 2 REG>D$ Z BL5D$ )!
BODY3 IF S1 X WD ACQUIRE "S QUAL;Y1 E4G4
W>M? OR COLD1 OR EV5 H AN ORGAN L !
S5SITIVE FACULTY3 Z X IS1 X HAS N"O4 ,X
0 A GD IDEA 6CALL ! S\L ,8! PLACE (
=MS0'1 ?\< 7#A7 ? DESCRIP;N HOLDS ONLY (
! 9TELLECTIVE S\L1 & 7#B7 EV5 ? IS ! =MS
ONLY POT5TI,Y1 N ACTU,Y4
  ,OBS]V,N (! S5SE-ORGANS & _! EMPLOY;T
REV1LS A 4T9C;N 2T ! IMPASSIBIL;Y (!
S5SITIVE & T (! 9TELLECTIVE FACULTY4 ,AF
/R;G /IMUL,N (A S5SE WE >E LESS A#
6EX]CISE X ?AN 2F1 Z E4G4 9 ! CASE (A
L\D S.D WE _C HE> EASILY IMMLY AF1 OR 9
! CASE (A B"R COL\R OR A P[];L OD\R WE
_C SEE OR SMELL1 B 9 ! CASE ( M9D ?"\ AB
AN OBJECT T IS HI<LY 9TELLIGI# R5D]S X M
& N LESS A# AFWS 6?9K OBJECTS T >E LESS
9TELLIGI#3 ! R1SON IS T :ILE ! FACULTY (
S5S,N IS DEP5D5T ^U ! BODY1 M9D IS
SEP>A# F X4
  ,ONCE ! M9D HAS 2COME EA* SET ( XS
POSSI# OBJECTS1 Z A MAN ( SCI;E HAS1 :5
? PHRASE IS US$ ( "O :O IS ACTU,Y A MAN
( SCI;E 7? HAPP5S :5 HE IS N[ A#
6EX]CISE ! P[] ON 8 [N 9ITIATIVE71 XS
3DI;N IS / "O ( POT5TIAL;Y1 B 9 A DI6]5T
S5SE F ! POT5TIAL;Y : PREC$$ ! ACQUISI;N
( K 0LE>N+ OR 4COV]Y3 ! M9D TOO IS !N A#
6?9K XF4
  ,S9CE WE C 4T+UI% 2T A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE & :AT X IS 6BE S*1 & 2T WAT] &
:AT X IS 6BE WAT]1 & S 9 _M O!R CASES
7?\< N 9 ALL2 = 9 C]TA9 CASES ! ?+ & XS
=M >E ID5TICAL71 FLE% & :AT X IS 6BE
FLE% >E 4CRIM9AT$ EI 0DI6]5T FACULTIES1
OR 0! SAME FACULTY 9 TWO DI6]5T /ATES3 =
FLE% NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES MATT] & IS L :AT
IS SNUB-NOS$1 A ? 9 A ?4 ,N[ X IS 0M1NS
(! S5SITIVE FACULTY T WE 4CRIM9ATE ! HOT
&! COLD1 I4E4 ! FACTORS : -B9$ 9 A C]TA9
RATIO 3/ITUTE FLE%3 ! ESS5TIAL "* ( FLE%
IS APPREH5D$ 0"S?+ DI6]5T EI :OLLY
SEP>ATE F ! S5SITIVE FACULTY OR RELAT$
6X Z A B5T L9E 6! SAME L9E :5 X HAS BE5
/RAI<T5$ \4
  ,AG 9 ! CASE ( AB/RACT OBJECTS :AT IS
/RAI<T IS ANALOG\S 6:AT IS SNUB-NOS$2 =
X NECESS>ILY IMPLIES A 3T9UUM Z XS
MATT]3 XS 3/ITUTIVE ESS;E IS DI6]5T1 IF
WE MAY 4T+UI% 2T /RAI<T;S & :AT IS
/RAI<T3 LET U TAKE X 6BE TWO-NESS4 ,X M/
2 APPREH5D$1 "!=E1 0A DI6]5T P[] OR 0!
SAME P[] 9 A DI6]5T /ATE4 ,6SUM UP1 9 S
F> Z ! R1LITIES X "KS >E CAPA# ( 2+
SEP>AT$ F _! MATT]1 S X IS AL )! P[]S (
M9D4
  ,! PRO#M MI<T 2 SU7E/$3 IF ?9K+ IS A
PASSIVE A6EC;N1 !N IF M9D IS SIMPLE &
IMPASSI# & HAS NO?+ 9 -MON ) ANY?+ ELSE1
Z ,ANAXAGORAS SAYS1 H[ C X -E 6?9K AT
ALL8 ,= 9T]AC;N 2T TWO FACTORS IS HELD
6REQUIRE A PREC$5T -MUN;Y ( NATURE 2T !
FACTORS4 ,AG X MI<T 2 ASK$1 IS M9D A
POSSI# OBJECT ( ?"\ 6XF8 ,= IF M9D IS
?9KA# P] SE & :AT IS ?9KA# IS 9 K9D "O &
! SAME1 !N EI 7A7 M9D W 2L;G 6"EY?+1 OR
7B7 M9D W 3TA9 "S ELE;T -MON 6X ) ALL
O!R R1LITIES : MAKES !M ALL ?9KA#4
  7#A7 ,H N WE ALR 4POS$ (! DI6ICULTY AB
9T]AC;N 9VOLV+ A -MON ELE;T1 :5 WE SD T
M9D IS 9 A S5SE POT5TI,Y :AT"E IS ?9KA#1
?\< ACTU,Y X IS NO?+ UNTIL X HAS ?"\8
,:AT X ?9KS M/ 2 9 X J Z "*S MAY 2 SD
6BE ON A WRIT+TA#T ON : Z YET NO?+
ACTU,Y /&S WRITT53 ? IS EXACTLY :AT
HAPP5S ) M9D4
  7,M9D IS XF ?9KA# 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY
Z XS OBJECTS >E4 ,= 7A7 9 ! CASE (
OBJECTS : 9VOLVE NO MATT]1 :AT ?9KS &
:AT IS ?"\ >E ID5TICAL2 = SPECULATIVE K
& XS OBJECT >E ID5TICAL4 7,:Y M9D IS N
ALW ?9K+ WE M/ 3SID] LAT]47 7B7 ,9 !
CASE ( ^? : 3TA9 MATT] EA* (! OBJECTS (
?"\ IS ONLY POT5TI,Y PRES5T4 ,X FOLL[S T
:ILE !Y W N H M9D 9 !M 7= M9D IS A
POT5TIAL;Y ( !M ONLY 9 S F> Z !Y >E
CAPA# ( 2+ 45GAG$ F MATT]7 M9D MAY YET 2
?9KA#4

                   #E

  ,S9CE 9 E CLASS ( ?+S1 Z 9 NATURE Z A
:OLE1 WE F9D TWO FACTORS 9VOLV$1 7#A7 A
MATT] : IS POT5TI,Y ALL ! "PICUL>S
9CLUD$ 9 ! CLASS1 7#B7 A CAUSE : IS
PRODUCTIVE 9 ! S5SE T X MAKES !M ALL 7!
LATT] /&+ 6! =M]1 Z E4G4 AN >T 6XS
MAT]IAL71 ^! 4T9CT ELE;TS M/ LIKEWISE 2
F.D )9 ! S\L4
  ,& 9 FACT M9D Z WE H DESCRIB$ X IS :AT
X IS :AT X IS 0VIRTUE ( 2COM+ ALL ?+S1
:ILE "! IS ANO!R : IS :AT X IS 0VIRTUE (
MAK+ ALL ?+S3 ? IS A SORT ( POSITIVE
/ATE L LI<T2 = 9 A S5SE LI<T MAKES
POT5TIAL COL\RS 96ACTUAL COL\RS4
  ,M9D 9 ? S5SE ( X IS SEP>A#1 IMPASSI#1
UNMIX$1 S9CE X IS 9 XS ESS5TIAL NATURE
ACTIV;Y 7= ALW ! ACTIVE IS SUP]IOR 6!
PASSIVE FACTOR1 ! ORIG9AT+ =CE 6! MATT]
: X =MS74
  ,ACTUAL K IS ID5TICAL ) XS OBJECT3 9 !
9DIVIDUAL1 POT5TIAL K IS 9 "T PRIOR
6ACTUAL K1 B 9 ! UNIV]SE Z A :OLE X IS N
PRIOR EV5 9 "T4 ,M9D IS N AT "O "T "K+ &
AT ANO!R N4 ,:5 M9D IS SET FREE F XS
PRES5T 3DI;NS X APPE>S Z J :AT X IS &
NO?+ M3 ? AL"O IS IMMORTAL & ET]NAL 7WE
D N1 H["E1 REMEMB] XS =M] ACTIV;Y 2C1
:ILE M9D 9 ? S5SE IS IMPASSI#1 M9D Z
PASSIVE IS DE/RUCTI#71 & )\T X NO?+
?9KS4


                   #F

  ,! ?9K+ !N (! SIMPLE OBJECTS ( ?"\ IS
F.D 9 ^? CASES ": FALSEHOOD IS IMPOSSI#3
": ! ALT]NATIVE ( TRUE OR FALSE APPLIES1
"! WE ALW F9D A PUTT+ TGR ( OBJECTS (
?"\ 9 A QUASI-UN;Y4 ,Z ,EMP$OCLES SD T
,8": H1DS ( _M A CR1TURE SPR\T$ )\T
NECKS0' !Y AFWS 0,LOVE'S P[] 7 -B9$1 S
"H TOO OBJECTS ( ?"\ : 7 GIV5 SEP>ATE >E
-B9$1 E4G4 ,89COMM5SURATE0' &
,8DIAGONAL0'3 IF ! -B9,N 2 ( OBJECTS PA/
OR FUTURE ! -B9,N ( ?"\ 9CLUDES 9 XS
3T5T ! DATE4 ,= FALSEHOOD ALW 9VOLVES A
SYN!SIS2 = EV5 IF Y ASS]T T :AT IS :ITE
IS N :ITE Y H 9CLUD$ N :ITE 9 A SYN!SIS4
,X IS POSSI# AL 6CALL ALL ^! CASES
DIVI.N Z WELL Z -B9,N4 ,H["E T MAY BE1
"! IS N ONLY ! TRUE OR FALSE ASS];N T
,CLEON IS :ITE B AL ! TRUE OR FALSE
ASS];N T HE 0 OR W HE :ITE4 ,9 EA* & E
CASE T : UNIFIES IS M9D4
  ,S9CE ! ^W ,8SIMPLE0' HAS TWO S5SES1
I4E4 MAY M1N EI 7A7 ,8N CAPA# ( 2+
DIVID$0' OR 7B7 ,8N ACTU,Y DIVID$0'1 "!
IS NO?+ 6PREV5T M9D F "K+ :AT IS
UNDIVID$1 E4G4 :5 X APPREH5DS A L5G? 7:
IS ACTU,Y UNDIVID$7 & T 9 AN UNDIVID$
"T2 =! "T IS DIVID$ OR UNDIVID$ 9 ! SAME
MANN] Z ! L9E4 ,X IS N POSSI#1 !N1 6TELL
:AT "P (! L9E X 0 APPREH5D+ 9 EA* HALF (
! "T3 ! OBJECT HAS NO ACTUAL "PS UNTIL X
HAS BE5 DIVID$3 IF 9 ?"\ Y ?9K EA* HALF
SEP>ATELY1 !N 0! SAME ACT Y DIVIDE ! "T
AL1 ! HALF-L9ES 2COM+ Z X 7 NEW :OLES (
L5G?4 ,B IF Y ?9K X Z A :OLE 3SI/+ ( ^!
TWO POSSI# "PS1 !N AL Y ?9K X 9 A "T :
CORRESPONDS 6BO? "PS TGR4 7,B :AT IS N
QUANTITATIVELY B QUALITATIVELY SIMPLE IS
?"\ 9 A SIMPLE "T & 0A SIMPLE ACT (!
S\L47
  ,B T : M9D ?9KS &! "T 9 : X ?9KS >E 9
? CASE DIVISI# ONLY 9CID5T,Y & N Z S*4
,= 9 !M TOO "! IS "S?+ 9DIVISI# 7?\<1 X
MAY BE1 N ISOLA#7 : GIVES UN;Y 6! "T &!
:OLE ( L5G?2 & ? IS F.D EQU,Y 9 E 3T9UUM
:E!R TEMPORAL OR SPATIAL4
  ,PO9TS & SIMIL> 9/.ES ( ?+S T DIVIDE1
!MVS 2+ 9DIVISI#1 >E R1LIZ$ 9 3SCI\S;S 9
! SAME MANN] Z PRIV,NS4
  ,A SIMIL> A3.T MAY 2 GIV5 ( ALL O!R
CASES1 E4G4 H[ EVIL OR BLACK IS COGNIZ$2
!Y >E COGNIZ$1 9 A S5SE1 0M1NS ( _!
3TR>IES4 ,T : COGNIZES M/ H AN ELE;T (
POT5TIAL;Y 9 XS 2+1 & "O (! 3TR>IES M/ 2
9 X4 ,B IF "! IS ANY?+ T HAS NO 3TR>Y1
!N X "KS XF & IS ACTU,Y & POSSESSES
9DEP5D5T EXI/;E4
  ,ASS];N IS ! SAY+ ( "S?+ 3C]N+ "S?+1
E4G4 A6IRM,N1 & IS 9 E CASE EI TRUE OR
FALSE3 ? IS N ALW ! CASE ) M9D3 ! ?9K+ (
! DEF9I;N 9 ! S5SE (! 3/ITUTIVE ESS;E IS
N"E 9 ]ROR NOR IS X ! ASS];N ( "S?+
3C]N+ "S?+1 B1 J Z :ILE ! SEE+ (!
SPECIAL OBJECT ( SI<T C N"E 2 9 ]ROR1 !
2LIEF T ! :ITE OBJECT SE5 IS A MAN MAY 2
MISTAK51 S TOO 9 ! CASE ( OBJECTS : >E
)\T MATT]4

                   #G

  ,ACTUAL K IS ID5TICAL ) XS OBJECT3
POT5TIAL K 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS 9 "T PRIOR
6ACTUAL K B 9 ! UNIV]SE X HAS NO PRIOR;Y
EV5 9 "T2 = ALL ?+S T -E 962+ >ISE F :AT
ACTU,Y IS4 ,9 ! CASE ( S5SE CLE>LY !
S5SITIVE FACULTY ALR 0 POT5TI,Y :AT !
OBJECT MAKES X 6BE ACTU,Y2 ! FACULTY IS
N A6ECT$ OR ALT]$4 ,? M/ "!=E 2 A DI6]5T
K9D F MOVE;T2 = MOVE;T IS1 Z WE SAW1 AN
ACTIV;Y ( :AT IS IMP]FECT1 ACTIV;Y 9 !
UNQUALIFI$ S5SE1 I4E4 T ( :AT HAS BE5
P]FECT$1 IS DI6]5T F MOVE;T4
  ,6P]CV !N IS L B>E ASS]T+ OR "K+2 B :5
! OBJECT IS PL1SANT OR PA9;L1 ! S\L
MAKES A QUASI-A6IRM,N OR NEG,N1 &
PURSUES OR AVOIDS ! OBJECT4 ,6FEEL
PL1SURE OR PA9 IS 6ACT )! S5SITIVE M1N
T[>DS :AT IS GD OR BAD Z S*4 ,BO?
AVOID.E & APPETITE :5 ACTUAL >E ID5TICAL
) ?3 ! FACULTY ( APPETITE & AVOID.E >E N
DI6]5T1 EI F "O ANO!R OR F ! FACULTY (
S5SE-P]CEP;N2 B _! 2+ IS DI6]5T4
  ,6! ?9K+ S\L IMAGES S]VE Z IF !Y 7
3T5TS ( P]CEP;N 7& :5 X ASS]TS OR D5IES
!M 6BE GD OR BAD X AVOIDS OR PURSUES
!M74 ,T IS :Y ! S\L N"E ?9KS )\T AN
IMAGE4 ,! PROCESS IS L T 9 : ! AIR
MODIFIES ! PUPIL 9 ? OR T WAY &! PUPIL
TRANSMITS ! MODIFIC,N 6"S ?IRD ?+ 7&
SIMIL>LY 9 HE>+71 :ILE ! ULTIMATE PO9T (
>RIVAL IS "O1 A S+LE M1N1 ) DI6]5T
MANN]S ( 2+4
  ,) :AT "P ( XF ! S\L 4CRIM9ATES SWEET
F HOT ,I H EXPLA9$ 2F & M/ N[ DESCRIBE
AG Z FOLL[S3 ,T ) : X DOES S IS A SORT (
UN;Y1 B 9 ! WAY J M5;N$1 I4E4 Z A 3NECT+
T]M4 ,&! TWO FACULTIES X 3NECTS1 2+ "O
0ANALOGY & NUM]IC,Y1 >E EA* 6EA* Z !
QUALITIES 4C]N$ >E 6"O ANO!R 7= :AT
DI6];E DOES X MAKE :E!R WE RAISE ! PRO#M
( 4CRIM9,N 2T 4P>ATES OR 2T 3TR>IES1
E4G4 :ITE & BLACK874 ,LET !N ;,C 2 TO
;,D Z IS TO ;,B3 X FOLL[S ALT]N&O T ;,C3
,A33 ;,D3 ,B4 ,IF !N ;,C & ;,D 2L;G 6"O
SUBJECT1 ! CASE W 2 ! SAME ) !M Z )&
;,B2 & ;,B =M A S+LE ID5T;Y ) DI6]5T
MODES ( 2+2 S TOO W ! =M] PAIR4 ,! SAME
R1SON+ HOLDS IF 2 SWEET & ;,B :ITE4
  ,! FACULTY ( ?9K+ !N ?9KS ! =MS 9 !
IMAGES1 & Z 9 ! =M] CASE :AT IS 6BE
PURSU$ OR AVOID$ IS M>K$ \ = X1 S ": "!
IS NO S5S,N & X IS 5GAG$ ^U ! IMAGES X
IS MOV$ 6PURSUIT OR AVOID.E4 ,E4G44
P]CVG 0S5SE T ! B1CON IS FIRE1 X
RECOGNIZES 9 VIRTUE (! G5]AL FACULTY (
S5SE T X SIGNIFIES AN 5EMY1 2C X SEES X
MOV+2 B "S"TS 0M1NS (! IMAGES OR ?"\S :
>E )9 ! S\L1 J Z IF X 7 SEE+1 X
CALCULATES & DELIB]ATES :AT IS 6-E
0REF];E 6:AT IS PRES5T2 & :5 X MAKES A
PRON\NCE;T1 Z 9 ! CASE ( S5S,N X
PRON\NCES ! OBJECT 6BE PL1SANT OR PA9;L1
9 ? CASE X AVOIDS OR P]SUES & S G5],Y 9
CASES ( AC;N4
  ,T TOO : 9VOLVES NO AC;N1 I4E4 T : IS
TRUE OR FALSE1 IS 9 ! SAME PROV9CE ) :AT
IS GD OR BAD3 YET !Y DI6] 9 ?1 T ! "O
SET IMPLY &! O!R D N A REF];E 6A "PICUL>
P]SON4
  ,! S-CALL$ AB/RACT OBJECTS ! M9D ?9KS
J Z1 IF "O _H ?"\ (! SNUBNOS$ N Z SNUB-
NOS$ B Z HOLL[1 "O WD H ?"\ ( AN
ACTUAL;Y )\T ! FLE% 9 : X IS EMBODI$3 X
IS ?US T ! M9D :5 X IS ?9K+ ! OBJECTS (
,MA!MATICS ?9KS Z SEP>ATE ELE;TS : D N
EXI/ SEP>ATE4 ,9 E CASE ! M9D : IS
ACTIVELY ?9K+ IS ! OBJECTS : X ?9KS4
,:E!R X IS POSSI# = X :ILE N EXI/+
SEP>ATE F SPATIAL 3DI;NS 6?9K ANY?+ T IS
SEP>ATE1 OR N1 WE M/ 3SID] LAT]4

                   #H

  ,LET U N[ SUMM>IZE \R RESULTS AB S\L1
& REP1T T ! S\L IS 9 A WAY ALL EXI/+
?+S2 = EXI/+ ?+S >E EI S5SI# OR ?9KA#1 &
K IS 9 A WAY :AT IS "KA#1 & S5S,N IS 9 A
WAY :AT IS S5SI#3 9 :AT WAY WE M/
9QUIRE4
  ,K & S5S,N >E DIVID$ 6CORRESPOND )!
R1LITIES1 POT5TIAL K & S5S,N ANSW]+
6POT5TIALITIES1 ACTUAL K & S5S,N
6ACTUALITIES4 ,)9 ! S\L ! FACULTIES ( K
& S5S,N >E POT5TI,Y ^! OBJECTS1 ! "O :AT
IS "KA#1 ! O!R :AT IS S5SI#4 ,!Y M/ 2 EI
! ?+S !MVS OR _! =MS4 ,! =M] ALT]NATIVE
IS ( C\RSE IMPOSSI#3 X IS N ! /"O : IS
PRES5T 9 ! S\L B XS =M4
  ,X FOLL[S T ! S\L IS ANALOG\S 6! H&2 =
Z ! H& IS A TOOL ( TOOLS1 S ! M9D IS !
=M ( =MS & S5SE ! =M ( S5SI# ?+S4
  ,S9CE AC 6-MON AGREE;T "! IS NO?+
\TSIDE & SEP>ATE 9 EXI/;E F S5SI#
SPATIAL MAGNITUDES1 ! OBJECTS ( ?"\ >E 9
! S5SI# =MS1 VIZ4 BO? ! AB/RACT OBJECTS
& ALL ! /ATES & A6EC;NS ( S5SI# ?+S4
,H;E 7#A7 NO "O C LE>N OR "U/& ANY?+ 9 !
ABS;E ( S5SE1 & 7:5 ! M9D IS ACTIVELY
AW>E ( ANY?+ X IS NECESS>ILY AW>E ( X
AL;G ) AN IMAGE2 = IMAGES >E L S5SU\S
3T5TS EXCEPT 9 T !Y 3TA9 NO MATT]4
  ,IMAG9,N IS DI6]5T F ASS];N & D5IAL2 =
:AT IS TRUE OR FALSE 9VOLVES A SYN!SIS (
3CEPTS4 ,9 :AT W ! PRIM>Y 3CEPTS DI6] F
IMAGES8 ,M/ WE N SAY T NEI ^! NOR EV5 \R
O!R 3CEPTS >E IMAGES1 ?\< !Y NECESS>ILY
9VOLVE !M8

                   #I

  ,! S\L ( ANIMALS IS "*IZ$ 0TWO
FACULTIES1 7A7 ! FACULTY ( 4CRIM9,N : IS
! "W ( ?"\ & S5SE1 & 7B7 ! FACULTY (
ORIG9AT+ LOCAL MOVE;T4 ,S5SE & M9D WE H
N[ SU6ICI5TLY EXAM9$4 ,LET U NEXT 3SID]
:AT X IS 9 ! S\L : ORIG9ATES MOVE;T4 ,IS
X A S+LE "P (! S\L SEP>ATE EI SPATI,Y OR
9 DEF9I;N8 ,OR IS X ! S\L Z A :OLE8 ,IF
X IS A "P1 IS T "P DI6]5T F ^? USU,Y
4T+UI%$ OR ALR M5;N$ 0U1 OR IS X "O (
!M8 ,! PRO#M AT ONCE PRES5TS XF1 9 :AT
S5SE WE >E 6SP1K ( "PS (! S\L1 OR H[ _M
WE %D 4T+UI%4 ,= 9 A S5SE "! IS AN 9F9;Y
( "PS3 X IS N 5 64T+UI%1 ) "S ?9K]S1 !
CALCULATIVE1 ! PAS.NATE1 &! DESID]ATIVE1
OR ) O!RS ! R,NAL &! IRR,NAL2 = IF WE
TAKE ! DIVID+ L9ES FOLL[$ 0^! ?9K]S WE %
F9D "PS F> M 4T9CTLY SEP>AT$ F "O ANO!R
?AN ^!1 "NLY ^? WE H J M5;N$3 7#A7 !
NUTRITIVE1 : 2L;GS BO? 6PLANTS & 6ALL
ANIMALS1 & 7#B7 ! S5SITIVE1 : _C EASILY
2 CLASS$ Z EI IRR,NAL OR R,NAL2 FUR!R
7#C7 ! IMAG9ATIVE1 : IS1 9 XS 2+1 DI6]5T
F ALL1 :ILE X IS V H>D 6SAY ) : (! O!RS
X IS ! SAME OR N ! SAME1 SUPPOS+ WE
DET]M9E 6POSIT SEP>ATE "PS 9 ! S\L2 &
LA/LY 7#D7 ! APPETITIVE1 : WD SEEM 6BE
4T9CT BO? 9 DEF9I;N & 9 P[] F ALL HI!RTO
ENUM]AT$4
  ,X IS ABSURD 6BR1K UP ! LA/-M5;N$
FACULTY3 Z ^! ?9K]S D1 = WI% IS F.D 9 !
CALCULATIVE "P & DESIRE & PAS.N 9 !
IRR,NAL2 & IF ! S\L IS TRI"PITE APPETITE
W 2 F.D 9 ALL ?REE "PS4 ,TURN+ \R ATT5;N
6! PRES5T OBJECT ( 4CUS.N1 LET U ASK :AT
T IS : ORIG9ATES LOCAL MOVE;T (! ANIMAL4
  ,! MOVE;T ( GR[? & DECAY1 2+ F.D 9 ALL
LIV+ ?+S1 M/ 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6! FACULTY (
REPRODUC;N & NUTRI;N1 : IS -MON 6ALL3
9SPIR,N & EXPIR,N1 SLEEP & WAK+1 WE M/
3SID] LAT]3 ^! TOO PRES5T M* DI6ICULTY3
AT PRES5T WE M/ 3SID] LOCAL MOVE;T1 ASK+
:AT X IS T ORIG9ATES =W>D MOVE;T 9 !
ANIMAL4
  ,T X IS N ! NUTRITIVE FACULTY IS
OBVI\S2 = ? K9D ( MOVE;T IS ALW = AN 5D
& IS A3OMPANI$ EI 0IMAG9,N OR 0APPETITE2
= NO ANIMAL MOVES EXCEPT 0-PUL.N UN.S X
HAS AN IMPULSE T[>DS OR AWAY F AN
OBJECT4 ,FUR!R1 IF X 7 ! NUTRITIVE
FACULTY1 EV5 PLANTS WD H BE5 CAPA# (
ORIG9AT+ S* MOVE;T & WD H POSSESS$ !
ORGANS NEC 6C>RY X \4 ,SIMIL>LY X _C 2 !
S5SITIVE FACULTY EI2 = "! >E _M ANIMALS
: H S5SIBIL;Y B REMA9 FA/ & IMMOVA# "?\T
_! LIVES4
  ,IF !N ,NATURE N"E MAKES ANY?+ )\T A
PURPOSE & N"E L1VES \ :AT IS NEC 7EXCEPT
9 ! CASE ( MUTILAT$ OR IMP]FECT GR[?S2 &
T "H WE H NEI MUTIL,N NOR IMP]FEC;N MAY
2 >GU$ F ! FACTS T S* ANIMALS 7A7 C
REPRODUCE _! SPECIES & 7B7 RISE
6-PLETE;S ( NATURE & DECAY 6AN 5D71 X
FOLL[S T1 _H !Y BE5 CAPA# ( ORIG9AT+
=W>D MOVE;T1 !Y WD H POSSESS$ ! ORGANS
NEC = T PURPOSE4 ,FUR!R1 NEI C !
CALCULATIVE FACULTY OR :AT IS CALL$
,8M9D0' 2 ! CAUSE ( S* MOVE;T2 = M9D Z
SPECULATIVE N"E ?9KS :AT IS PRACTICA#1 X
N"E SAYS ANY?+ AB AN OBJECT 6BE AVOID$
OR PURSU$1 :ILE ? MOVE;T IS ALW 9 "S?+ :
IS AVOID+ OR PURSU+ AN OBJECT4 ,NO1 N
EV5 :5 X IS AW>E ( S* AN OBJECT DOES X
AT ONCE 5JO9 PURSUIT OR AVOID.E ( X2
E4G4 ! M9D (T5 ?9KS ( "S?+ T]RIFY+ OR
PL1SANT )\T 5JO9+ ! EMO;N ( FE>4 ,X IS !
HE>T T IS MOV$ 7OR 9 ! CASE (A PL1SANT
OBJECT "S O!R "P74 ,FUR!R1 EV5 :5 ! M9D
DOES -M& & ?"\ BIDS U PURSUE OR AVOID
"S?+1 "S"TS NO MOVE;T IS PRODUC$2 WE ACT
9 A3ORD.E ) DESIRE1 Z 9 ! CASE ( MORAL
W1K;S4 ,&1 G5],Y1 WE OBS]VE T !
POSSESSOR ( M$ICAL K IS N NECESS>ILY
H1L+1 : %[S T "S?+ ELSE IS REQUIR$
6PRODUCE AC;N 9 A3ORD.E ) K2 ! K AL"O IS
N ! CAUSE4 ,LA/LY1 APPETITE TOO IS
9COMPET5T 6A3.T FULLY = MOVE;T2 = ^? :O
SU3ESS;LLY RESI/ TEMPT,N H APPETITE &
DESIRE & YET FOLL[ M9D & REFUSE 65ACT T
= : !Y H APPETITE4

                  #AJ

  ,^! TWO AT ALL EV5TS APPE> 6BE S\RCES
( MOVE;T3 APPETITE & M9D 7IF "O MAY
V5TURE 6REG>D IMAG9,N Z A K9D ( ?9K+2 =
_M M5 FOLL[ _! IMAG9,NS 3TR>Y 6K1 & 9
ALL ANIMALS O!R ?AN MAN "! IS NO ?9K+ OR
CALCUL,N B ONLY IMAG9,N74
  ,BO? ( ^! !N >E CAPA# ( ORIG9AT+ LOCAL
MOVE;T1 M9D & APPETITE3 7#A7 M9D1 T IS1
: CALCULATES M1NS 6AN 5D1 I4E4 M9D
PRACTICAL 7X DI6]S F M9D SPECULATIVE 9 !
"* ( XS 5D72 :ILE 7#B7 APPETITE IS 9 E
=M ( X RELATIVE 6AN 5D3 = T : IS !
OBJECT ( APPETITE IS ! /IMULANT ( M9D
PRACTICAL2 & T : IS LA/ 9 ! PROCESS (
?9K+ IS ! 2G9N+ (! AC;N4 ,X FOLL[S T "!
IS A JU/IFIC,N = REG>D+ ^! TWO Z !
S\RCES ( MOVE;T1 I4E4 APPETITE &
PRACTICAL ?"\2 =! OBJECT ( APPETITE />TS
A MOVE;T & Z A RESULT ( T ?"\ GIVES RISE
6MOVE;T1 ! OBJECT ( APPETITE 2+ X A
S\RCE ( /IMUL,N4 ,S TOO :5 IMAG9,N
ORIG9ATES MOVE;T1 X NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES
APPETITE4
  ,T : MOVES "!=E IS A S+LE FACULTY &!
FACULTY ( APPETITE2 = IF "! _H BE5 TWO
S\RCES ( MOVE;T-M9D & APPETITE-!Y WD H
PRODUC$ MOVE;T 9 VIRTUE ( "S -MON "*4 ,Z
X IS1 M9D IS N"E F.D PRODUC+ MOVE;T )\T
APPETITE 7= WI% IS A =M ( APPETITE2 & :5
MOVE;T IS PRODUC$ AC 6CALCUL,N X IS AL
AC 6WI%71 B APPETITE C ORIG9ATE MOVE;T
3TR>Y 6CALCUL,N1 = DESIRE IS A =M (
APPETITE4 ,N[ M9D IS ALW "R1 B APPETITE
& IMAG9,N MAY 2 EI "R OR WR;G4 ,T IS :Y1
?\< 9 ANY CASE X IS ! OBJECT ( APPETITE
: ORIG9ATES MOVE;T1 ? OBJECT MAY 2 EI !
R1L OR ! APP>5T GD4 ,6PRODUCE MOVE;T !
OBJECT M/ 2 M ?AN ?3 X M/ 2 GD T C 2
BR"\ 962+ 0AC;N2 & ONLY :AT C 2 O!RWISE
?AN Z X IS C ?US 2 BR"\ 962+4 ,T !N S* A
P[] 9 ! S\L Z HAS BE5 DESCRIB$1 I4E4 T
CALL$ APPETITE1 ORIG9ATES MOVE;T IS
CLE>4 ,^? :O 4T+UI% "PS 9 ! S\L1 IF !Y
4T+UI% & DIVIDE 9 A3ORD.E ) DI6];ES (
P[]1 F9D !MVS )A V L>GE NUMB] ( "PS1 A
NUTRITIVE1 A S5SITIVE1 AN 9TELLECTIVE1 A
DELIB]ATIVE1 & N[ AN APPETITIVE "P2 = ^!
>E M DI6]5T F "O ANO!R ?AN ! FACULTIES (
DESIRE & PAS.N4
  ,S9CE APPETITES RUN C.T] 6"O ANO!R1 :
HAPP5S :5 A PR9CIPLE ( R1SON &A DESIRE
>E 3TR>Y & IS POSSI# ONLY 9 2+S )A S5SE
( "T 7= :ILE M9D BIDS U HOLD BACK 2C (
:AT IS FUTURE1 DESIRE IS 9FLU;ED 0:AT IS
J AT H&3 A PL1SANT OBJECT : IS J AT H&
PRES5TS XF Z BO? PL1SANT & GD1 )\T 3DI;N
9 EI CASE1 2C ( WANT ( =ESI<T 96:AT IS
F>!R AWAY 9 "T71 X FOLL[S T :ILE T :
ORIG9ATES MOVE;T M/ 2 SPECIFIC,Y "O1
VIZ4 ! FACULTY ( APPETITE Z S* 7OR R
F>!/ BACK ( ALL ! OBJECT ( T FACULTY2 =
X IS X T XF REMA9+ UNMOV$ ORIG9ATES !
MOVE;T 02+ APPREH5D$ 9 ?"\ OR IMAG9,N71
! ?+S T ORIG9ATE MOVE;T >E NUM]IC,Y _M4
  ,ALL MOVE;T 9VOLVES ?REE FACTORS1 7#A7
T : ORIG9ATES ! MOVE;T1 7#B7 T 0M1NS ( :
X ORIG9ATES X1 & 7#C7 T : IS MOV$4 ,!
EXPRES.N ,8T : ORIG9ATES ! MOVE;T0' IS
AMBIGU\S3 X MAY M1N EI 7A7 "S?+ : XF IS
UNMOV$ OR 7B7 T : AT ONCE MOVES & IS
MOV$4 ,"H T : MOVES )\T XF 2+ MOV$ IS !
R1LIZA# GD1 T : AT ONCE MOVES & IS MOV$
IS ! FACULTY ( APPETITE 7= T : IS
9FLU;ED 0APPETITE S F> Z X IS ACTU,Y S
9FLU;ED IS SET 9 MOVE;T1 & APPETITE 9 !
S5SE ( ACTUAL APPETITE IS A K9D (
MOVE;T71 :ILE T : IS 9 MO;N IS ! ANIMAL4
,! 9/RU;T : APPETITE EMPLOYS 6PRODUCE
MOVE;T IS NO L;G] PSY*ICAL B BODILY3 H;E
! EXAM9,N ( X FALLS )9 ! PROV9CE (!
FUNC;NS -MON 6BODY & S\L4 ,6/ATE ! MATT]
SUMM>ILY AT PRES5T1 T : IS ! 9/RU;T 9 !
PRODUC;N ( MOVE;T IS 6BE F.D ": A 2G9N+
& AN 5D CO9CIDE Z E4G4 9 A BALL & SOCKET
JO9T2 = "! ! 3VEX &! 3CAVE SIDES >E
RESPECTIVELY AN 5D &A 2G9N+ 7T IS :Y
:ILE ! "O REMA9S AT RE/1 ! O!R IS MOV$73
!Y >E SEP>ATE 9 DEF9I;N B N SEP>A#
SPATI,Y4 ,= "EY?+ IS MOV$ 0PU%+ & PULL+4
,H;E J Z 9 ! CASE (A :EEL1 S "H "! M/ 2
A PO9T : REMA9S AT RE/1 & F T PO9T !
MOVE;T M/ ORIG9ATE4
  ,6SUM UP1 !N1 & REP1T :AT ,I H SD1
9ASM* Z AN ANIMAL IS CAPA# ( APPETITE X
IS CAPA# ( SELF-MOVE;T2 X IS N CAPA# (
APPETITE )\T POSSESS+ IMAG9,N2 & ALL
IMAG9,N IS EI 7#A7 CALCULATIVE OR 7#B7
S5SITIVE4 ,9 ! LATT] AN ANIMALS1 & N
ONLY MAN1 P>TAKE4

                  #AA

  ,WE M/ 3SID] AL 9 ! CASE ( IMP]FECT
ANIMALS1 SC4 ^? : H NO S5SE B T\*1 :AT X
IS T 9 !M ORIG9ATES MOVE;T4 ,C !Y H
IMAG9,N OR N8 OR DESIRE8 ,CLE>LY !Y H
FEEL+S ( PL1SURE & PA91 & IF !Y H ^! !Y
M/ H DESIRE4 ,B H[ C !Y H IMAG9,N8 ,M/ N
WE SAY T1 Z _! MOVE;TS >E 9DEF9ITE1 !Y H
IMAG9,N & DESIRE1 B 9DEF9ITELY8
  ,S5SITIVE IMAG9,N1 Z WE H SD1 IS F.D 9
ALL ANIMALS1 DELIB]ATIVE IMAG9,N ONLY 9
^? T >E CALCULATIVE3 = :E!R ? OR T % 2
5ACT$ IS ALR A TASK REQUIR+ CALCUL,N2 &
"! M/ 2 A S+LE /&>D 6M1SURE BY1 = T IS
PURSU$ : IS GRT]4 ,X FOLL[S T :AT ACTS 9
? WAY M/ 2 A# 6MAKE A UN;Y \ ( S"EAL
IMAGES4
  ,? IS ! R1SON :Y IMAG9,N IS HELD N
69VOLVE OP9ION1 9 T X DOES N 9VOLVE
OP9ION BAS$ ON 9F];E1 ?\< OP9ION 9VOLVES
IMAG9,N4 ,H;E APPETITE 3TA9S NO
DELIB]ATIVE ELE;T4 ,"S"TS X OV]P[]S WI%
& SETS X 9 MOVE;T3 AT "TS WI% ACTS ?US
^U APPETITE1 L "O SPH]E IM"P+ XS MOVE;T
6ANO!R1 OR APPETITE ACTS ?US ^U
APPETITE1 I4E4 9 ! 3DI;N ( MORAL W1K;S
7?\< 0NATURE ! HI<] FACULTY IS ALW M
AU?ORITATIVE & GIVES RISE 6MOVE;T74 ,?US
?REE MODES ( MOVE;T >E POSSI#4
  ,! FACULTY ( "K+ IS N"E MOV$ B REMA9S
AT RE/4 ,S9CE ! "O PREMISS OR JUDGE;T IS
UNIV]SAL &! O!R D1LS )! "PICUL> 7=! F/
TELLS U T S* & S* A K9D ( MAN %D D S* &
S* A K9D ( ACT1 &! SECOND T ? IS AN ACT
(! K9D M1NT1 & ,I A P]SON (! TYPE
9T5D$71 X IS ! LATT] OP9ION T RE,Y
ORIG9ATES MOVE;T1 N ! UNIV]SAL2 OR R X
IS BO?1 B ! "O DOES S :ILE X REMA9S 9 A
/ATE M L RE/1 :ILE ! O!R P>TAKES 9
MOVE;T4
                  #AB

  ,! NUTRITIVE S\L !N M/ 2 POSSESS$
0"EY?+ T IS ALIVE1 & E S* ?+ IS 5D[$ )
S\L F XS BIR? 6XS D1?4 ,= :AT HAS BE5
BORN M/ GR[1 R1* MATUR;Y1 & DECAY-ALL (
: >E IMPOSSI# )\T NUTRI;N4 ,"!=E !
NUTRITIVE FACULTY M/ 2 F.D 9 "EY?+ T
GR[S & DECAYS4
  ,B S5S,N NE$ N 2 F.D 9 ALL ?+S T LIVE4
,= X IS IMPOSSI# = T\* 62L;G EI 7#A7 6^?
^: BODY IS UNCOMP.D$ OR 7#B7 6^? : >E
9CAPA# ( TAK+ 9 ! =MS )\T _! MATT]4
  ,B ANIMALS M/ 2 5D[$ ) S5S,N1 S9CE
,NATURE DOES NO?+ 9 VA94 ,= ALL ?+S T
EXI/ 0,NATURE >E M1NS 6AN 5D1 OR W 2
3COMITANTS ( M1NS 6AN 5D4 ,E BODY CAPA#
( =W>D MOVE;T WD1 IF UN5D[$ ) S5S,N1
P]I% & FAIL 6R1* XS 5D1 : IS ! AIM (
,NATURE2 = H[ CD X OBTA9 NUTRI;T8 ,/,N>Y
LIV+ ?+S1 X IS TRUE1 H Z _! NUTRI;T T F
: !Y H >IS52 B X IS N POSSI# T A BODY :
IS N /,N>Y B PRODUC$ 0G5],N %D H A S\L &
A 4C]N+ M9D )\T AL HAV+ S5S,N4 7,NOR YET
EV5 IF X 7 N PRODUC$ 0G5],N4 ,:Y %D X N
H S5S,N8 ,2C X 7 BETT] S EI =! BODY OR =
! S\L8 ,B CLE>LY X WD N 2 BETT] = EI3 !
ABS;E ( S5S,N W N 5A# ! "O 6?9K BETT] OR
! O!R 6EXI/ BETT]47 ,"!=E NO BODY : IS N
/,N>Y HAS S\L )\T S5S,N4
  ,B IF A BODY HAS S5S,N1 X M/ 2 EI
SIMPLE OR -P.D4 ,& SIMPLE X _C BE2 = !N
X CD N H T\*1 : IS 9DISP5SA#4 ,? IS CLE>
F :AT FOLL[S4 ,AN ANIMAL IS A BODY ) S\L
9 X3 E BODY IS TANGI#1 I4E4 P]CEPTI#
0T\*2 H;E NECESS>ILY1 IF AN ANIMAL IS
6SURVIVE1 XS BODY M/ H TACTUAL S5S,N4
,ALL ! O!R S5SES1 E4G4 SMELL1 SI<T1
HE>+1 APPREH5D "? M$IA2 B ": "! IS IMM
3TACT ! ANIMAL1 IF X HAS NO S5S,N1 W 2
UNA# 6AVOID "S ?+S & TAKE O!RS1 & S W
F9D X IMPOSSI# 6SURVIVE4 ,T IS :Y TA/E
AL IS A SORT ( T\*2 X IS RELATIVE
6NUTRI;T1 : IS J TANGI# BODY2 ":AS S.D1
COL\R1 & OD\R >E 9NUTRITI\S1 & FUR!R NEI
GR[ NOR DECAY4 ,H;E X IS T TA/E AL M/ 2
A SORT ( T\*1 2C X IS ! S5SE = :AT IS
TANGI# & NUTRITI\S4
  ,BO? ^! S5SES1 !N1 >E 9DISP5SA# 6!
ANIMAL1 & X IS CLE> T )\T T\* X IS
IMPOSSI# = AN ANIMAL 6BE4 ,ALL ! O!R
S5SES SUBS]VE WELL-2+ &= T V R1SON 2L;G
N 6ANY & E K9D ( ANIMAL1 B ONLY 6"S1
E4G4 ^? CAPA# ( =W>D MOVE;T M/ H !M2 =1
IF !Y >E 6SURVIVE1 !Y M/ P]CV N ONLY
0IMM 3TACT B AL AT A 4T.E F ! OBJECT4 ,?
W 2 POSSI# IF !Y C P]CV "? A M$IUM1 !
M$IUM 2+ A6ECT$ & MOV$ 0! P]CEPTI#
OBJECT1 &! ANIMAL 0! M$IUM4 J Z T :
PRODUCES LOCAL MOVE;T CAUSES A *ANGE
EXT5D+ 6A C]TA9 PO9T1 & T : GAVE AN
IMPULSE CAUSES ANO!R 6PRODUCE A NEW
IMPULSE S T ! MOVE;T TRAV]SES A M$IUM !
F/ MOV] IMPELL+ )\T 2+ IMPELL$1 ! LA/
MOV$ 2+ IMPELL$ )\T IMPELL+1 :ILE !
M$IUM 7OR M$IA1 = "! >E _M7 IS BO?-S IS
X AL 9 ! CASE ( ALT],N1 EXCEPT T ! AG5T
PRODUCES PRODUCES X )\T ! PATI5T'S *ANG+
XS PLACE4 ,?US IF AN OBJECT IS DIPP$
96WAX1 ! MOVE;T GOES ON UNTIL SUBM].N
HAS TAK5 PLACE1 & 9 /"O X GOES NO 4T.E
AT ALL1 :ILE 9 WAT] ! 4TURB.E GOES F> 2Y
! OBJECT DIPP$3 9 AIR ! 4TURB.E IS
PROPAGAT$ F>!/ ( ALL1 ! AIR ACT+ & 2+
ACT$ ^U1 S L;G Z X MA9TA9S AN UNBROK5
UN;Y4 ,T IS :Y 9 ! CASE ( REFLEC;N X IS
BETT]1 9/1D ( SAY+ T ! SI<T ISSUES F !
EYE & IS REFLECT$1 6SAY T ! AIR1 S L;G Z
X REMA9S "O1 IS A6ECT$ 0! %APE & COL\R4
,ON A SMOO? SURFACE ! AIR POSSESSES
UN;Y2 H;E X IS T X 9 TURN SETS ! SI<T 9
MO;N1 J Z IF ! IMPRES.N ON ! WAX 7
TRANSMITT$ Z F> Z ! WAX EXT5DS4

                  #AC

  ,X IS CLE> T ! BODY ( AN ANIMAL _C 2
SIMPLE1 I4E4 3SI/ ( "O ELE;T S* Z FIRE
OR AIR4 ,= )\T T\* X IS IMPOSSI# 6H ANY
O!R S5SE2 = E BODY T HAS S\L 9 X M/1 Z
WE H SD1 2 CAPA# ( T\*4 ,ALL ! O!R
ELE;TS )! EXCEP;N ( E>? C 3/ITUTE ORGANS
( S5SE1 B ALL ( !M BR+ AB P]CEP;N ONLY
"? "S?+ ELSE1 VIZ4 "? ! M$IA4 ,T\* TAKES
PLACE 0DIRECT 3TACT ) XS OBJECTS1 :;E AL
XS "N4 ,ALL ! O!R ORGANS ( S5SE1 NO
D\BT1 P]CV 03TACT1 ONLY ! 3TACT IS
M$IATE3 T\* AL"O P]CVS 0IMM 3TACT4
,3SEQU5TLY NO ANIMAL BODY C 3SI/ ( ^!
O!R ELE;TS4
  ,NOR C X 3SI/ SOLELY ( E>?4 ,= T\* IS
Z X 7 A M1N 2T ALL TANGI# QUALITIES1 &
XS ORGAN IS CAPA# ( RCVG N ONLY ALL !
SPECIFIC QUALITIES : "*IZE E>?1 B AL !
HOT &! COLD & ALL O!R TANGI# QUALITIES
:ATSO"E4 ,T IS :Y WE H NO S5S,N 0M1NS (
B"OS1 HAIR1 &C41 2C !Y 3SI/ ( E>?4 ,S
TOO PLANTS1 2C !Y 3SI/ ( E>?1 H NO
S5S,N4 ,)\T T\* "! C 2 NO O!R S5SE1 &!
ORGAN ( T\* _C 3SI/ ( E>? OR ( ANY O!R
S+LE ELE;T4
  ,X IS EVID5T1 "!=E1 T ! LOSS ( ? "O
S5SE AL"O M/ BR+ AB ! D1? ( AN ANIMAL4
,= Z ON ! "O H& NO?+ : IS N AN ANIMAL C
H ? S5SE1 S ON ! O!R X IS ! ONLY "O : IS
9DISP5SABLY NEC 6:AT IS AN ANIMAL4 ,?
EXPLA9S1 FUR!R1 ! FOLL[+ DI6];E 2T ! O!R
S5SES & T\*4 ,9 ! CASE ( ALL ! O!RS
EXCESS ( 9T5S;Y 9 ! QUALITIES : !Y
APPREH5D1 I4E4 EXCESS ( 9T5S;Y 9 COL\R1
S.D1 & SMELL1 DE/ROYS N ! B ONLY !
ORGANS (! S5SE 7EXCEPT 9CID5T,Y1 Z :5 !
S.D IS A3OMPANI$ 0AN IMPACT OR %OCK1 OR
": "? ! OBJECTS ( SI<T OR ( SMELL C]TA9
O!R ?+S >E SET 9 MO;N1 : DE/ROY 03TACT72
FLAV\R AL DE/ROYS ONLY 9 S F> Z X IS AT
! SAME "T TANGI#4 ,B EXCESS ( 9T5S;Y 9
TANGI# QUALITIES1 E4G4 H1T1 COLD1 OR
H>D;S1 DE/ROYS ! ANIMAL XF4 ,Z 9 ! CASE
( E S5SI# QUAL;Y EXCESS DE/ROYS ! ORGAN1
S "H :AT IS TANGI# DE/ROYS T\*1 : IS !
ESS5TIAL M>K ( LIFE2 = X HAS BE5 %[N T
)\T T\* X IS IMPOSSI# = AN ANIMAL 6BE4
,T IS :Y EXCESS 9 9T5S;Y ( TANGI#
QUALITIES DE/ROYS N M]ELY ! ORGAN1 B !
ANIMAL XF1 2C ? IS ! ONLY S5SE : X M/ H4
  ,ALL ! O!R S5SES >E NEC 6ANIMALS1 Z WE
H SD1 N = _! 2+1 B = _! WELL-2+4 ,S*1
E4G4 IS SI<T1 :1 S9CE X LIVES 9 AIR OR
WAT]1 OR G5],Y 9 :AT IS PELLUCID1 X M/ H
9 ORD] 6SEE1 & TA/E 2C ( :AT IS PL1SANT
OR PA9;L 6X1 9 ORD] T X MAY P]CV ^!
QUALITIES 9 XS NUTRI;T & S MAY DESIRE
6BE SET 9 MO;N1 & HE>+ T X MAY H
-MUNIC,N MADE 6X1 &A T;GUE T X MAY
-MUNICATE ) XS FELL[S4