,BOOK ;,V
                   #A

  ,"EY?+ : *ANGES DOES S 9 "O ( ?REE
S5SES4 ,X MAY *ANGE 7#A7 A3ID5T,Y1 Z =
9/.E :5 WE SAY T "S?+ MUSICAL WALKS1 T :
WALKS 2+ "S?+ 9 : APTITUDE = MUSIC IS AN
A3ID5T4 ,AG 7#B7 A ?+ IS SD )\T
QUALIFIC,N 6*ANGE 2C "S?+ 2L;G+ 6X
*ANGES1 I4E4 9 /ATE;TS : REF] 6"P (! ?+
9 "Q3 ?US ! BODY IS RE/OR$ 6H1L? 2C !
EYE OR ! *E/1 T IS 6SAY A "P (! :OLE
BODY1 IS RE/OR$ 6H1L?4 ,& ABV ALL "! IS
7#C7 ! CASE (A ?+ : IS 9 MO;N NEI
A3ID5T,Y NOR 9 RESPECT ( "S?+ ELSE 2L;G+
6X1 B 9 VIRTUE ( 2+ XF DIRECTLY 9 MO;N4
,"H WE H A ?+ : IS ESS5TI,Y MOVA#3 & T :
IS S IS A DI6]5T ?+ AC 6! "PICUL> V>IETY
( MO;N3 = 9/.E X MAY 2 A ?+ CAPA# (
ALT],N3 & )9 ! SPH]E ( ALT],N X IS AG A
DI6]5T ?+ AC Z X IS CAPA# ( 2+ RE/OR$
6H1L? OR CAPA# ( 2+ H1T$4 ,& "! >E !
SAME 4T9C;NS 9 ! CASE (! MOV]3 7#A7 "O
?+ CAUSES MO;N A3ID5T,Y1 7#B7 ANO!R
"PI,Y 72C "S?+ 2L;G+ 6X CAUSES MO;N71
7#C7 ANO!R ( XF DIRECTLY1 Z1 = 9/.E1 !
PHYSICIAN H1LS1 ! H& /RIKES4 ,WE H1 !N1
! FOLL[+ FACTORS3 7A7 ON ! "O H& T :
DIRECTLY CAUSES MO;N1 & 7B7 ON ! O!R H&
T : IS 9 MO;N3 FUR!R1 WE H 7C7 T 9 :
MO;N TAKES PLACE1 "NLY "T1 & 74T9CT F ^!
?REE7 7D7 T F : & 7E7 T 6: X PROCE$S3 =
E MO;N PROCE$S F "S?+ & 6"S?+1 T : IS
DIRECTLY 9 MO;N 2+ 4T9CT F T 6: X IS 9
MO;N & T F : X IS 9 MO;N3 = 9/.E1 WE MAY
TAKE ! ?REE ?+S ,8WOOD0'1 ,8HOT0'1 &
,8COLD0'1 ( : ! F/ IS T : IS 9 MO;N1 !
SECOND IS T 6: ! MO;N PROCE$S1 &! ?IRD
IS T F : X PROCE$S4 ,? 2+ S1 X IS CLE> T
! MO;N IS 9 ! WOOD1 N 9 XS =M3 =! MO;N
IS NEI CAUS$ NOR EXP]I;ED 0! =M OR !
PLACE OR ! QUANT;Y4 ,S WE >E LEFT )A
MOV]1 A MOV$1 &A GOAL ( MO;N4 ,I D N
9CLUDE ! />T+-PO9T ( MO;N3 = X IS ! GOAL
R ?AN ! />T+-PO9T ( MO;N T GIVES XS "N
6A "PICUL> PROCESS ( *ANGE4 ,?US
,8P]I%+0' IS *ANGE 6N-2+1 ?\< X IS AL
TRUE T T T : P]I%ES *ANGES F 2+3 &
,82COM+0' IS *ANGE 62+1 ?\< X IS AL
*ANGE F N-2+4
  ,N[ A DEF9I;N ( MO;N HAS BE5 GIV5 ABV1
F : X W 2 SE5 T E GOAL ( MO;N1 :E!R X 2
A =M1 AN A6EC;N1 OR A PLACE1 IS IMMOVA#1
Z1 = 9/.E1 K & H1T4 ,"H1 H["E1 A
DI6ICULTY MAY 2 RAIS$4 ,A6EC;NS1 X MAY 2
SD1 >E MO;NS1 & :ITE;S IS AN A6EC;N3 ?US
"! MAY 2 *ANGE 6A MO;N4 ,6? WE MAY REPLY
T X IS N :ITE;S B :IT5+ T IS A MO;N4 ,"H
AL ! SAME 4T9C;NS >E 6BE OBS]V$3 A GOAL
( MO;N MAY 2 S A3ID5T,Y1 OR "PI,Y &)
REF];E 6"S?+ O!R ?AN XF1 OR DIRECTLY &)
NO REF];E 6ANY?+ ELSE3 = 9/.E1 A ?+ : IS
2COM+ :ITE *ANGES A3ID5T,Y 6AN OBJECT (
?"\1 ! COL\R 2+ ONLY A3ID5T,Y ! OBJECT (
?"\2 X *ANGES 6COL\R1 2C :ITE IS A "P (
COL\R1 OR 6,EUROPE1 2C ,A!NS IS A "P (
,EUROPE2 B X *ANGES ESS5TI,Y 6:ITE
COL\R4 ,X IS N[ CLE> 9 :AT S5SE A ?+ IS
9 MO;N ESS5TI,Y1 A3ID5T,Y1 OR 9 RESPECT
( "S?+ O!R ?AN XF1 & 9 :AT S5SE ! PHRASE
,8XF DIRECTLY0' IS US$ 9 ! CASE BO? (!
MOV] &(! MOV$3 & X IS AL CLE> T ! MO;N
IS N 9 ! =M B 9 T : IS 9 MO;N1 T IS 6SAY
,8! MOVA# 9 ACTIV;Y0'4 ,N[ A3ID5TAL
*ANGE WE MAY L1VE \ ( A3.T3 = X IS 6BE
F.D 9 "EY?+1 AT ANY "T1 & 9 ANY RESPECT4
,*ANGE : IS N A3ID5TAL ON ! O!R H& IS N
6BE F.D 9 "EY?+1 B ONLY 9 3TR>IES1 9 ?+S
9T]M$IATE 3TR>IES1 & 9 3TRADICTORIES1 Z
MAY 2 PROV$ 09DUC;N4 ,AN 9T]M$IATE MAY 2
A />T+-PO9T ( *ANGE1 S9CE =! PURPOSES (!
*ANGE X S]VES Z 3TR>Y 6EI ( TWO 3TR>IES3
=! 9T]M$IATE IS 9 A S5SE ! EXTREMES4
,H;E WE SP1K (! 9T]M$IATE Z 9 A S5SE A
3TR>Y RELATIVELY 6! EXTREMES &( EI
EXTREME Z A 3TR>Y RELATIVELY 6!
9T]M$IATE3 = 9/.E1 ! C5TRAL NOTE IS L[
RELATIVELY-TO ! HI<E/ & HI< RELATIVELY
6! L[E/1 & GREY IS LI<T RELATIVELY
6BLACK & D>K RELATIVELY 6:ITE4
  ,& S9CE E *ANGE IS F "S?+ 6"S?+-Z ! ^W
XF 7METABOLE7 9DICATES1 IMPLY+ "S?+
,8AF0' 7META7 "S?+ ELSE1 T IS 6SAY "S?+
E>LI] & "S?+ LAT]-T : *ANGES M/ *ANGE 9
"O ( F\R WAYS3 F SUBJECT 6SUBJECT1 F
SUBJECT 6NONSUBJECT1 F NON-SUBJECT
6SUBJECT1 OR F NON-SUBJECT 6NON-SUBJECT1
": BY ,8SUBJECT0' ,I M1N :AT IS
A6IRMATIVELY EXPRESS$4 ,S X FOLL[S
NECESS>ILY F :AT HAS BE5 SD ABV T "! >E
ONLY ?REE K9DS ( *ANGE1 T F SUBJECT
6SUBJECT1 T F SUBJECT 6NON-SUBJECT1 & T
F NON-SUBJECT 6SUBJECT3 =! F\R? 3CEIVA#
K9D1 T F NON-SUBJECT 6NONSUBJECT1 IS N
*ANGE1 Z 9 T CASE "! IS NO OPPOSI;N EI (
3TR>IES OR ( 3TRADICTORIES4
  ,N[ *ANGE F NON-SUBJECT 6SUBJECT1 !
REL,N 2+ T ( 3TRADIC;N1 IS ,8-+ 6BE0'-
,8UNQUALIFI$ -+ 6BE0' :5 ! *ANGE TAKES
PLACE 9 AN UNQUALIFI$ WAY1 ,8"PICUL> -+
6BE0' :5 ! *ANGE IS *ANGE 9 A "PICUL>
"*3 = 9/.E1 A *ANGE F N-:ITE 6:ITE IS A
-+ 6BE (! "PICUL> ?+1 :ITE1 :ILE *ANGE F
UNQUALIFI$ N-2+ 62+ IS -+ 6BE 9 AN
UNQUALIFI$ WAY1 9 RESPECT ( : WE SAY T A
?+ ,8-ES 6BE0' )\T QUALIFIC,N1 N T X
,8-ES 6BE0' "S "PICUL> ?+4 ,*ANGE F
SUBJECT 6NON-SUBJECT IS ,8P]I%+0'-
,8UNQUALIFI$ P]I%+0' :5 ! *ANGE IS F 2+
6N-2+1 ,8"PICUL> P]I%+0' :5 ! *ANGE IS
6! OPPOSITE NEG,N1 ! 4T9C;N 2+ ! SAME Z
T MADE 9 ! CASE ( -+ 6BE4
  ,N[ ! EXPRES.N ,8N-2+0' IS US$ 9 S"EAL
S5SES3 & "! C 2 MO;N NEI ( T : ,8IS N0'
9 RESPECT (! A6IRM,N OR NEG,N (A
PR$ICATE1 NOR ( T : ,8IS N0' 9 ! S5SE T
X ONLY POT5TI,Y ,8IS0'1 T IS 6SAY !
OPPOSITE ( T : ACTU,Y ,8IS0' 9 AN
UNQUALIFI$ S5SE3 = AL? T : IS ,8N-:ITE0'
OR ,8N-GD0' MAY N"E!.S HE 9 MO;N
A3ID5T,Y 7= EXAMPLE T : IS ,8N-:ITE0'
MI<T 2 A MAN71 YET T : IS )\T QUALIFIC,N
,8N-S-&-S0' _C 9 ANY S5SE 2 9 MO;N3 "!=E
X IS IMPOSSI# = T : IS N 6BE 9 MO;N4 ,?
2+ S1 X FOLL[S T ,82COM+0' _C 2 A MO;N3
= X IS T : ,8IS N0' T ,82COMES0'4 ,=
H["E TRUE X MAY 2 T X A3ID5T,Y
,82COMES0'1 X IS N"E!.S CORRECT 6SAY T X
IS T : ,8IS N0' T 9 AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE
,82COMES0'4 ,& SIMIL>LY X IS IMPOSSI# =
T : ,8IS N0' 6BE AT RE/4
  ,"! >E ^! DI6ICULTIES1 !N1 9 ! WAY (!
ASSUMP;N T T : ,8IS N0' C 2 9 MO;N3 & X
MAY 2 FUR!R OBJECT$ T1 ":AS "EY?+ : IS 9
MO;N IS 9 SPACE1 T : ,8IS N0' IS N 9
SPACE3 = !N X WD 2 "S":4
  ,S1 TOO1 ,8P]I%+0' IS N A MO;N3 =A
MO;N HAS = XS 3TR>Y EI ANO!R MO;N OR
RE/1 ":AS ,8P]I%+0' IS ! 3TR>Y (
,82COM+0'4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 E MO;N IS A K9D ( *ANGE1 &
"! >E ONLY ! ?REE K9DS ( *ANGE M5;N$
ABV1 & S9CE ( ^! ?REE ^? : TAKE ! =M (
,82COM+0' & ,8P]I%+0'1 T IS 6SAY ^? :
IMPLY A REL,N ( 3TRADIC;N1 >E N MO;NS3 X
NECESS>ILY FOLL[S T ONLY *ANGE F SUBJECT
6SUBJECT IS MO;N4 ,& E S* SUBJECT IS EI
A 3TR>Y OR AN 9T]M$IATE 7=A PRIV,N MAY 2
ALL[$ 6RANK Z A 3TR>Y7 & C 2
A6IRMATIVELY EXPRESS$1 Z NAK$1 TOO?.S1
OR BLACK4 ,IF1 !N1 ! CATEGORIES >E S"E,Y
4T+UI%$ Z ,2+1 ,QUAL;Y1 ,PLACE1 ,"T1
,REL,N1 ,QUANT;Y1 & ,ACTIV;Y OR
,PASSIV;Y1 X NECESS>ILY FOLL[S T "! >E
?REE K9DS ( MO;N-QUALITATIVE1
QUANTITATIVE1 & LOCAL4

                   #B

  ,9 RESPECT ( ,SUB/.E "! IS NO MO;N1 2C
,SUB/.E HAS NO 3TR>Y AM;G ?+S T >E4 ,NOR
IS "! MO;N 9 RESPECT ( ,REL,N3 = X MAY
HAPP5 T :5 "O CORRELATIVE *ANGES1 ! O!R1
AL? ? DOES N XF *ANGE1 IS NO L;G]
APPLICA#1 S T 9 ^! CASES ! MO;N IS
A3ID5TAL4 ,NOR IS "! MO;N 9 RESPECT (
,AG5T & ,PATI5T-IN FACT "! C N"E 2 MO;N
( MOV] & MOV$1 2C "! _C 2 MO;N ( MO;N OR
2COM+ ( 2COM+ OR 9 G5]AL *ANGE ( *ANGE4
  ,= 9 ! F/ PLACE "! >E TWO S5SES 9 :
MO;N ( MO;N IS 3CEIVA#4 7#A7 ,! MO;N ( :
"! IS MO;N MI<T 2 3CVD Z SUBJECT2 E4G4 A
MAN IS 9 MO;N 2C HE *ANGES F FAIR 6D>K4
,C X 2 T 9 ? S5SE MO;N GR[S HOT OR COLD1
OR *ANGES PLACE1 OR 9CR1SES OR DECR1SES8
,IMPOSSI#3 = *ANGE IS N A SUBJECT4 ,OR
7#B7 C "! 2 MO;N ( MO;N 9 ! S5SE T "S
O!R SUBJECT *ANGES F A *ANGE 6ANO!R MODE
( 2+1 Z E4G4 A MAN *ANGES F FALL+ ILL
6GETT+ WELL8 ,EV5 ? IS POSSI# ONLY 9 AN
A3ID5TAL S5SE4 ,=1 :AT"E ! SUBJECT MAY
BE1 MOVE;T IS *ANGE F "O =M 6ANO!R4 7,&!
SAME HOLDS GD ( 2COM+ & P]I%+1 EXCEPT T
9 ^! PROCESSES WE H A *ANGE 6A "PICUL>
K9D ( OPPOSITE1 :ILE ! O!R1 MO;N1 IS A
*ANGE 6A DI6]5T K9D47 ,S1 IF "! IS 6BE
MO;N ( MO;N1 T : IS *ANG+ F H1L? 6SICK;S
M/ SIMULTANE\SLY 2 *ANG+ F ? V *ANGE
6ANO!R4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T 0! "T T X HAS
2COME SICK1 X M/ AL H *ANG$ 6:AT"E MAY 2
! O!R *ANGE 3C]N$ 7= T X %D 2 AT RE/1
?\< LOGIC,Y POSSI#1 IS EXCLUD$ 0! !ORY74
,MOREOV] ? O!R C N"E 2 ANY CASUAL *ANGE1
B M/ 2 A *ANGE F "S?+ DEF9ITE 6"S O!R
DEF9ITE ?+4 ,S 9 ? CASE X M/ 2 !
OPPOSITE *ANGE1 VIZ4 3VALESC;E4 ,X IS
ONLY A3ID5T,Y T "! C 2 *ANGE ( *ANGE1
E4G4 "! IS A *ANGE F REMEMB]+ 6=GETT+
ONLY 2C ! SUBJECT ( ? *ANGE *ANGES AT "O
"T 6K1 AT ANO!R 6IGNOR.E4
  ,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 IF "! IS 6BE *ANGE
( *ANGE & 2COM+ ( 2COM+1 WE % H AN
9F9ITE REGRESS4 ,?US IF "O (A S]IES (
*ANGES IS 6BE A *ANGE ( *ANGE1 ! PREC$+
*ANGE M/ AL 2 S3 E4G4 IF SIMPLE 2COM+ 0
"E 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+1 !N T : 0 2COM+
SIMPLE 2COM+ 0 AL 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+1 S T
WE %D N YET H >RIV$ AT :AT 0 9 PROCESS (
SIMPLE 2COM+ B ONLY AT :AT 0 ALR 9
PROCESS ( 2COM+ 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+4 ,& ?
AG 0 "S"T 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+1 S T EV5 !N
WE %D N H >RIV$ AT :AT 0 9 PROCESS (
SIMPLE 2COM+4 ,& S9CE 9 AN 9F9ITE S]IES
"! IS NO F/ T]M1 "H "! W 2 NO F/ /AGE &
"!=E NO FOLL[+ /AGE EI4 ,ON ? HYPO!SIS1
!N1 NO?+ C 2COME OR 2 MOV$ OR *ANGE4
  ,?IRDLY1 IF A ?+ IS CAPA# ( ANY
"PICUL> MO;N1 X IS AL CAPA# (!
CORRESPOND+ 3TR>Y MO;N OR ! CORRESPOND+
-+ 6RE/1 &A ?+ T IS CAPA# ( 2COM+ IS AL
CAPA# ( P]I%+3 3SEQU5TLY1 IF "! 2 2COM+
( 2COM+1 T : IS 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+ IS 9
PROCESS ( P]I%+ AT ! V MO;T :5 X HAS
R1*$ ! /AGE ( 2COM+3 S9CE X _C 2 9
PROCESS ( P]I%+ :5 X IS J 2G9N+ 62COME
OR AF X HAS C1S$ 62COME3 = T : IS 9
PROCESS ( P]I%+ M/ 2 9 EXI/;E4
  ,F\R?LY1 "! M/ 2 A SUB/RATE "ULY+ ALL
PROCESSES ( 2COM+ & *ANG+4 ,:AT C ? 2 9
! PRES5T CASE8 ,X IS EI ! BODY OR ! S\L
T "UGOES ALT],N3 :AT IS X T
CORRESPOND+LY 2COMES MO;N OR 2COM+8 ,&
AG :AT IS ! GOAL ( _! MO;N8 ,X M/ 2 !
MO;N OR 2COM+ ( "S?+ F "S?+ 6"S?+ ELSE4
,B 9 :AT S5SE C ? 2 S8 ,=! 2COM+ ( LE>N+
_C 2 LE>N+3 S NEI C ! 2COM+ ( 2COM+ 2
2COM+1 NOR C ! 2COM+ ( ANY PROCESS 2 T
PROCESS4
  ,F9,Y1 S9CE "! >E ?REE K9DS ( MO;N1 !
SUB/RATUM &! GOAL ( MO;N M/ 2 "O OR O!R
( ^!1 E4G4 LOCOMO;N W H 6BE ALT]$ OR 6BE
LOC,Y MOV$4
  ,6SUM UP1 !N1 S9CE "EY?+ T IS MOV$ IS
MOV$ 9 "O ( ?REE WAYS1 EI A3ID5T,Y1 OR
"PI,Y1 OR ESS5TI,Y1 *ANGE C *ANGE ONLY
A3ID5T,Y1 Z E4G4 :5 A MAN :O IS 2+
RE/OR$ 6H1L? RUNS OR LE>NS3 & A3ID5TAL
*ANGE WE H L;G AGO DECID$ 6L1VE \ (
A3.T4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 MO;N C 2L;G NEI 6,2+ NOR
6,REL,N NOR 6,AG5T & ,PATI5T1 X REMA9S T
"! C 2 MO;N ONLY 9 RESPECT ( ,QUAL;Y1
,QUANT;Y1 & ,PLACE3 =) EA* ( ^! WE H A
PAIR ( 3TR>IES4 ,MO;N 9 RESPECT (
,QUAL;Y LET U CALL ALT],N1 A G5]AL
DESIGN,N T IS US$ 69CLUDE BO? 3TR>IES3 &
0,QUAL;Y ,I D N "H M1N A PROP]TY (
SUB/.E 7IN T S5SE T : 3/ITUTES A
SPECIFIC 4T9C;N IS A QUAL;Y7 B A PASSIVE
QUAL;Y 9 VIRTUE ( : A ?+ IS SD 6BE ACT$
ON OR 6BE 9CAPA# ( 2+ ACT$ ON4 ,MO;N 9
RESPECT ( ,QUANT;Y HAS NO "N T 9CLUDES
BO? 3TR>IES1 B X IS CALL$ 9CR1SE OR
DECR1SE AC Z "O OR ! O!R IS DESIGNAT$3 T
IS 6SAY MO;N 9 ! DIREC;N ( -PLETE
MAGNITUDE IS 9CR1SE1 MO;N 9 ! 3TR>Y
DIREC;N IS DECR1SE4 ,MO;N 9 RESPECT (
,PLACE HAS NO "N EI G5]AL OR "PICUL>3 B
WE MAY DESIGNATE X 0! G5]AL "N (
LOCOMO;N1 ?\< /RICTLY ! T]M ,8LOCOMO;N0'
IS APPLICA# 6?+S T *ANGE _! PLACE ONLY
:5 !Y H N ! P[] 6-E 6A /&1 & 6?+S T D N
MOVE !MVS LOC,Y4
  ,*ANGE )9 ! SAME K9D F A LESS] 6A GRT]
OR F A GRT] 6A LESS] DEGREE IS ALT],N3 =
X IS MO;N EI F A 3TR>Y OR 6A 3TR>Y1 :E!R
9 AN UNQUALIFI$ OR 9 A QUALIFI$ S5SE3 =
*ANGE 6A LESS] DEGREE (A QUAL;Y W 2
CALL$ *ANGE 6! 3TR>Y ( T QUAL;Y1 & *ANGE
6A GRT] DEGREE (A QUAL;Y W 2 REG>D$ Z
*ANGE F ! 3TR>Y ( T QUAL;Y 6! QUAL;Y XF4
,X MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R ! *ANGE 2
QUALIFI$ OR UNQUALIFI$1 EXCEPT T 9 ! =M]
CASE ! 3TR>IES W H 6BE 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R
ONLY 9 A QUALIFI$ S5SE3 &A ?+'S POSSESS+
A QUAL;Y 9 A GRT] OR 9 A LESS] DEGREE
M1NS ! PRES;E OR ABS;E 9 X ( M OR LESS (
! OPPOSITE QUAL;Y4 ,X IS N[ CLE>1 !N1 T
"! >E ONLY ^! ?REE K9DS ( MO;N4
  ,! T]M ,8IMMOVA#0' WE APPLY 9 ! F/
PLACE 6T : IS ABSOLUTELY 9CAPA# ( 2+
MOV$ 7J Z WE CORRESPOND+LY APPLY ! T]M
9VISI# 6S.D72 9 ! SECOND PLACE 6T : IS
MOV$ ) DI6ICULTY AF A L;G "T OR ^:
MOVE;T IS SL[ AT ! />T-IN FACT1 :AT WE
DESCRIBE Z H>D 6MOVE2 & 9 ! ?IRD PLACE
6T : IS NATUR,Y DESIGN$ =& CAPA# ( MO;N1
B IS N 9 MO;N :51 ":1 & Z X NATUR,Y WD 2
S4 ,? LA/ IS ! ONLY K9D ( IMMOVA# ?+ ( :
,I USE ! T]M ,82+ AT RE/0'3 = RE/ IS
3TR>Y 6MO;N1 S T RE/ W 2 NEG,N ( MO;N 9
T : IS CAPA# ( ADMITT+ MO;N4
  ,! =EGO+ REM>KS >E SU6ICI5T 6EXPLA9 !
ESS5TIAL NATURE ( MO;N & RE/1 ! NUMB] (
K9DS ( *ANGE1 &! DI6]5T V>IETIES ( MO;N4
  #C
  ,LET U N[ PROCE$ 6DEF9E ! T]MS ,8TGR0'
& ,8A"P0'1 ,8IN 3TACT0'1 ,82T0'1 ,8IN
SU3ES.N0'1 ,83TIGU\S0'1 & ,83T9U\S0'1 &
6%[ 9 :AT CIRCUM/.ES EA* ( ^! T]MS IS
NATUR,Y APPLICA#4
  ,?+S >E SD 6BE TGR 9 PLACE :5 !Y >E 9
"O PLACE 7IN ! /RICTE/ S5SE (! ^W
,8PLACE0'7 & 6BE A"P :5 !Y >E 9 DI6]5T
PLACES4
  ,?+S >E SD 6BE 9 3TACT :5 _!
EXTREMITIES >E TGR4
  ,T : A *ANG+ ?+1 IF X *ANGES 3T9U\SLY
9 A NATURAL MANN]1 NATUR,Y R1*ES 2F X
R1*ES T 6: X *ANGES LA/1 IS 2T4 ,?US
,82T0' IMPLIES ! PRES;E ( AT L1/ ?REE
?+S3 = 9 A PROCESS ( *ANGE X IS ! 3TR>Y
T IS ,8LA/0'3 &A ?+ IS MOV$ 3T9U\SLY IF
X L1VES NO GAP OR ONLY ! SMALLE/ POSSI#
GAP 9 ! MAT]IAL-N 9 ! "T 7=A GAP 9 ! "T
DOES N PREV5T ?+S HAV+ A ,82T0'1 :ILE1
ON ! O!R H&1 "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T ! HI<E/
NOTE S.D+ IMMLY AF ! L[E/7 B 9 ! MAT]IAL
9 : ! MO;N TAKES PLACE4 ,? IS MANIFE/LY
TRUE N ONLY 9 LOCAL *ANGES B 9 E O!R K9D
Z WELL4 7,N[ E *ANGE IMPLIES A PAIR (
OPPOSITES1 & OPPOSITES MAY 2 EI 3TR>IES
OR 3TRADICTORIES2 S9CE !N 3TRADIC;N
ADMITS ( NO M1N T]M1 X IS OBVI\S T
,82T0' M/ IMPLY A PAIR ( 3TR>IES7 ,T IS
LOC,Y 3TR>Y : IS MO/ 4TANT 9 A /RAI<T
L9E3 =! %ORTE/ L9E IS DEF9ITELY LIMIT$1
& T : IS DEF9ITELY LIMIT$ 3/ITUTES A
M1SURE4
  ,A ?+ IS ,8IN SU3ES.N0' :5 X IS AF !
2G9N+ 9 POSI;N OR 9 =M OR 9 "S O!R
RESPECT 9 : X IS DEF9ITELY S REG>D$1 &
:5 FUR!R "! IS NO?+ (! SAME K9D Z XF 2T
X & T 6: X IS 9 SU3ES.N1 E4G4 A L9E OR
L9ES IF X IS A L9E1 A UNIT OR UNITS IF X
IS A UNIT1 A H\SE IF X IS A H\SE 7"! IS
NO?+ 6PREV5T "S?+ (A DI6]5T K9D 2+ 2T74
,= T : IS 9 SU3ES.N IS 9 SU3ES.N 6A
"PICUL> ?+1 & IS "S?+ PO/]IOR3 = "O IS N
,8IN SU3ES.N0' 6TWO1 NOR IS ! F/ "D (!
MON? 6BE SECOND3 9 EA* CASE ! LATT] IS
,8IN SU3ES.N0' 6! =M]4
  ,A ?+ T IS 9 SU3ES.N & T\*ES IS
,83TIGU\S0'4 ,! ,83T9U\S0' IS A
SUBDIVI.N (! 3TIGU\S3 ?+S >E CALL$
3T9U\S :5 ! T\*+ LIMITS ( EA* 2COME "O &
! SAME & >E1 Z ! ^W IMPLIES1 3TA9$ 9 EA*
O!R3 3T9U;Y IS IMPOSSI# IF ^!
EXTREMITIES >E TWO4 ,? DEF9I;N MAKES X
PLA9 T 3T9U;Y 2L;GS 6?+S T NATUR,Y 9
VIRTUE ( _! MUTUAL 3TACT =M A UN;Y4 ,& 9
:AT"E WAY T : HOLDS !M TGR IS "O1 S TOO
W ! :OLE 2 "O1 E4G4 0A RIVET OR GLUE OR
3TACT OR ORGANIC UNION4
  ,X IS OBVI\S T ( ^! T]MS ,8IN
SU3ES.N0' IS F/ 9 ORD] ( ANALYSIS3 = T :
T\*ES IS NECESS>ILY 9 SU3ES.N1 B N "EY?+
T IS 9 SU3ES.N T\*ES3 & S SU3ES.N IS A
PROP]TY ( ?+S PRIOR 9 DEF9I;N1 E4G4
NUMB]S1 :ILE 3TACT IS N4 ,& IF "! IS
3T9U;Y "! IS NECESS>ILY 3TACT1 B IF "!
IS 3TACT1 T AL"O DOES N IMPLY 3T9U;Y3 =!
EXTREMITIES ( ?+S MAY 2 ,8TGR0' )\T
NECESS>ILY 2+ "O3 B !Y _C 2 "O )\T 2+
NECESS>ILY TGR4 ,S NATURAL JUNC;N IS LA/
9 -+ 6BE3 =! EXTREMITIES M/ NECESS>ILY
-E 963TACT IF !Y >E 6BE NATUR,Y JO9$3 B
?+S T >E 9 3TACT >E N ALL NATUR,Y JO9$1
:ILE "! IS NO 3TACT CLE>LY "! IS NO
NATURAL JUNC;N EI4 ,H;E1 IF Z "S SAY
,8PO9T0' & ,8UNIT0' H AN 9DEP5D5T EXI/;E
( _! [N1 X IS IMPOSSI# =! TWO 6BE
ID5TICAL3 = PO9TS C T\* :ILE UNITS C
ONLY 2 9 SU3ES.N4 ,MOREOV]1 "! C ALW 2
"S?+ 2T PO9TS 7= ALL L9ES >E 9T]M$IATE
2T PO9TS71 ":AS X IS N NEC T "! %D
POSSIBLY 2 ANY?+ 2T UNITS3 = "! C 2 NO?+
2T ! NUMB]S "O & TWO4
  ,WE H N[ DEF9$ :AT IS M1NT BY ,8TGR0'
& ,8A"P0'1 ,83TACT0'1 ,82T0' & ,8IN
SU3ES.N0'1 ,83TIGU\S0' & ,83T9U\S0'3 &
WE H %[N 9 :AT CIRCUM/.ES EA* ( ^! T]MS
IS APPLICA#4

                   #D

  ,"! >E _M S5SES 9 : MO;N IS SD 6BE
,8"O0'3 = WE USE ! T]M ,8"O0' 9 _M
S5SES4
  ,MO;N IS "O G5]IC,Y AC 6! DI6]5T
CATEGORIES 6: X MAY 2 ASSIGN$3 ?US ANY
LOCOMO;N IS "O G5]IC,Y ) ANY O!R
LOCOMO;N1 ":AS ALT],N IS DI6]5T G5]IC,Y
F LOCOMO;N4
  ,MO;N IS "O SPECIFIC,Y :5 2SS 2+ "O
G5]IC,Y X AL TAKES PLACE 9 A SPECIES
9CAPA# ( SUBDIVI.N3 E4G4 COL\R HAS
SPECIFIC DI6];ES3 "!=E BLACK5+ & :IT5+
DI6] SPECIFIC,Y2 B AT ALL EV5TS E :IT5+
W 2 SPECIFIC,Y ! SAME ) E O!R :IT5+ & E
BLACK5+ ) E O!R BLACK5+4 ,B :ITE IS N
FUR!R SUBDIVID$ 0SPECIFIC DI6];ES3 H;E
ANY :IT5+ IS SPECIFIC,Y "O ) ANY O!R
:IT5+4 ,": X HAPP5S T ! G5US IS AT !
SAME "T A SPECIES1 X IS CLE> T ! MO;N W
!N 9 A S5SE 2 "O SPECIFIC,Y ?\< N 9 AN
UNQUALIFI$ S5SE3 LE>N+ IS AN EXAMPLE (
?1 K 2+ ON ! "O H& A SPECIES ( APPREH5.N
& ON ! O!R H& A G5US 9CLUD+ ! V>I\S
"KL$GES4 ,A DI6ICULTY1 H["E1 MAY 2 RAIS$
Z 6:E!R A MO;N IS SPECIFIC,Y "O :5 !
SAME ?+ *ANGES F ! SAME 6! SAME1 E4G4 :5
"O PO9T *ANGES AG & AG F A "PICUL> PLACE
6A "PICUL> PLACE3 IF ? MO;N IS
SPECIFIC,Y "O1 CIRCUL> MO;N W 2 ! SAME Z
RECTIL9E> MO;N1 & ROLL+ ! SAME Z WALK+4
,B IS N ? DI6ICULTY REMOV$ 0! PR9CIPLE
ALR LAID D[N T IF T 9 : ! MO;N TAKES
PLACE IS SPECIFIC,Y DI6]5T 7Z 9 ! PRES5T
9/.E ! CIRCUL> PA? IS SPECIFIC,Y DI6]5T
F ! /RAI<T7 ! MO;N XF IS AL DI6]5T8 ,WE
H EXPLA9$1 !N1 :AT IS M1NT 0SAY+ T MO;N
IS "O G5]IC,Y OR "O SPECIFIC,Y4
  ,MO;N IS "O 9 AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE :5 X
IS "O ESS5TI,Y OR NUM]IC,Y3 &! FOLL[+
4T9C;NS W MAKE CLE> :AT ? K9D ( MO;N IS4
,"! >E ?REE CLASSES ( ?+S 9 3NEXION ) :
WE SP1K ( MO;N1 ! ,8T :0'1 ! ,8T 9 :0'1
&! ,8T DUR+ :0'4 ,I M1N T "! M/ HE "S?+
T IS 9 MO;N1 E4G4 A MAN OR GOLD1 & X M/
2 9 MO;N 9 "S?+1 E4G4 A PLACE OR AN
A6EC;N1 & DUR+ "S?+1 = ALL MO;N TAKES
PLACE DUR+ A "T4 ,( ^! ?REE X IS ! ?+ 9
: ! MO;N TAKES PLACE T MAKES X "O
G5]IC,Y OR SPECIFIC,Y1 X IS ! ?+ MOV$ T
MAKES ! MO;N "O 9 SUBJECT1 & X IS ! "T T
MAKES X 3SECUTIVE3 B X IS ! ?REE TGR T
MAKE X "O )\T QUALIFIC,N3 6E6ECT ?1 T 9
: ! MO;N TAKES PLACE 7! SPECIES7 M/ 2 "O
& 9CAPA# ( SUBDIVI.N1 T DUR+ : X TAKES
PLACE 7! "T7 M/ 2 "O & UN9T]MITT5T1 & T
: IS 9 MO;N M/ 2 "O-N 9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE
7I4E4 X M/ 2 "O Z ! :ITE T BLACK5S IS "O
OR ,CORISCUS :O WALKS IS "O1 N 9 !
A3ID5TAL S5SE 9 : ,CORISCUS & :ITE MAY 2
"O71 NOR M]ELY 9 VIRTUE ( -MUN;Y (
NATURE 7= "! MI<T 2 A CASE ( TWO M5 2+
RE/OR$ 6H1L? AT ! SAME "T 9 ! SAME WAY1
E4G4 F 9FLAMM,N (! EYE1 YET ? MO;N IS N
RE,Y "O1 B ONLY SPECIFIC,Y "O74
  ,SUPPOSE1 H["E1 T ,SOCRATES "UGOES AN
ALT],N SPECIFIC,Y ! SAME B AT "O "T & AG
AT ANO!R3 9 ? CASE IF X IS POSSI# = T :
C1S$ 6BE AG 6-E 962+ & REMA9 NUM]IC,Y !
SAME1 !N ? MO;N TOO W 2 "O3 O!RWISE X W
2 ! SAME B N "O4 ,& AK9 6? DI6ICULTY "!
IS ANO!R2 VIZ4 IS H1L? "O8 & G5],Y >E !
/ATES & A6EC;NS 9 BODIES S"E,Y "O 9
ESS;E AL? 7Z IS CLE>7 ! ?+S T 3TA9 !M >E
OBVI\SLY 9 MO;N & 9 FLUX8 ,?US IF A
P]SON'S H1L? AT "DBR1K & AT ! PRES5T
MO;T IS "O &! SAME1 :Y %D N ? H1L? 2
NUM]IC,Y "O ) T : HE RECOV]S AF AN
9T]VAL8 ,! SAME >GU;T APPLIES 9 EA*
CASE4 ,"! IS1 H["E1 WE MAY ANSW]1 ?
DI6];E3 T IF ! /ATES >E TWO !N X FOLL[S
SIMPLY F ? FACT T ! ACTIVITIES M/ AL 9
PO9T ( NUMB] 2 TWO 7= ONLY T : IS
NUM]IC,Y "O C GIVE RISE 6AN ACTIV;Y T IS
NUM]IC,Y "O71 B IF ! /ATE IS "O1 ? IS N
9 XF 5 6MAKE U REG>D ! ACTIV;Y AL Z "O3
= :5 A MAN C1SES WALK+1 ! WALK+ NO L;G]
IS1 B X W AG 2 IF HE 2G9S 6WALK AG4 ,B1
2 ? Z X MAY1 IF 9 ! ABV 9/.E ! H1L? IS
"O &! SAME1 !N X M/ 2 POSSI# = T : IS "O
&! SAME 6-E 6BE & 6C1SE 6BE _M "TS4
,H["E1 ^! DI6ICULTIES LIE \TSIDE \R
PRES5T 9QUIRY4
  ,S9CE E MO;N IS 3T9U\S1 A MO;N T IS "O
9 AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE M/ 7S9CE E MO;N IS
DIVISI#7 2 3T9U\S1 &A 3T9U\S MO;N M/ 2
"O4 ,"! W N 2 3T9U;Y 2T ANY MO;N & ANY
O!R 9DISCRIM9ATELY ANY M ?AN "! IS 2T
ANY TWO ?+S *OS5 AT R&OM 9 ANY O!R
SPH]E3 "! C 2 3T9U;Y ONLY :5 !
EXTREMITIES (! TWO ?+S >E "O4 ,N[ "S ?+S
H NO EXTREMITIES AT ALL3 &! EXTREMITIES
( O!RS DI6] SPECIFIC,Y AL? WE GIVE !M !
SAME "N ( ,85D0'3 H[ %D E4G4 ! ,85D0' (A
L9E &! ,85D0' ( WALK+ T\* OR -E 6BE "O8
,MO;NS T >E N ! SAME EI SPECIFIC,Y OR
G5]IC,Y MAY1 X IS TRUE1 2 3SECUTIVE
7E4G4 A MAN MAY RUN & !N AT ONCE FALL
ILL (A FEV]71 & AG1 9 ! TOR*-RACE WE H
3SECUTIVE B N 3T9U\S LOCOMO;N3 = AC 6\R
DEF9I;N "! C 2 3T9U;Y ONLY :5 ! 5DS (!
TWO ?+S >E "O4 ,H;E MO;NS MAY 2
3SECUTIVE OR SU3ESSIVE 9 VIRTUE (! "T 2+
3T9U\S1 B "! C 2 3T9U;Y ONLY 9 VIRTUE (!
MO;NS !MVS 2+ 3T9U\S1 T IS :5 ! 5D ( EA*
IS "O )! 5D (! O!R4 ,MO;N1 "!=E1 T IS 9
AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE 3T9U\S & "O M/ 2
SPECIFIC,Y ! SAME1 ( "O ?+1 & 9 "O "T4
,UN;Y IS REQUIR$ 9 RESPECT ( "T 9 ORD] T
"! MAY 2 NO 9T]VAL ( IMMOBIL;Y1 = ": "!
IS 9T]MIS.N ( MO;N "! M/ 2 RE/1 &A MO;N
T 9CLUDES 9T]VALS ( RE/ W 2 N "O B _M1 S
T A MO;N T IS 9T]RUPT$ 0/,N>I;S IS N "O
OR 3T9U\S1 & X IS S 9T]RUPT$ IF "! IS AN
9T]VAL ( "T4 ,& ?\< (A MO;N T IS N
SPECIFIC,Y "O 7EV5 IF ! "T IS
UN9T]MITT5T7 ! "T IS "O1 ! MO;N IS
SPECIFIC,Y DI6]5T1 & S _C RE,Y 2 "O1 =
MO;N T IS "O M/ 2 SPECIFIC,Y "O1 ?\<
MO;N T IS SPECIFIC,Y "O IS N NECESS>ILY
"O 9 AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE4 ,WE H N[
EXPLA9$ :AT WE M1N :5 WE CALL A MO;N "O
)\T QUALIFIC,N4
  ,FUR!R1 A MO;N IS AL SD 6BE "O
G5]IC,Y1 SPECIFIC,Y1 OR ESS5TI,Y :5 X IS
-PLETE1 J Z 9 O!R CASES -PLETE;S &
:OLE;S >E "*I/ICS ( :AT IS "O3 & "S"TS A
MO;N EV5 IF 9COMPLETE IS SD 6BE "O1
PROVID$ ONLY T X IS 3T9U\S4
  ,& 2SS ! CASES ALR M5;N$ "! IS ANO!R 9
: A MO;N IS SD 6BE "O1 VIZ4 :5 X IS
REGUL>3 = 9 A S5SE A MO;N T IS IRREGUL>
IS N REG>D$ Z "O1 T TITLE 2L;G+ R 6T :
IS REGUL>1 Z A /RAI<T L9E IS REGUL>1 !
IRREGUL> 2+ Z S* DIVISI#4 ,B ! DI6];E WD
SEEM 6BE "O ( DEGREE4 ,9 E K9D ( MO;N WE
MAY H REGUL>;Y OR IRREGUL>;Y3 ?US "! MAY
2 REGUL> ALT],N1 & LOCOMO;N 9 A REGUL>
PA?1 E4G4 9 A CIRCLE OR ON A /RAI<T L9E1
& X IS ! SAME ) REG>D 69CR1SE & DECR1SE4
,! DI6];E T MAKES A MO;N IRREGUL> IS
"S"TS 6BE F.D 9 XS PA?3 ?US A MO;N _C 2
REGUL> IF XS PA? IS AN IRREGUL>
MAGNITUDE1 E4G4 A BROK5 L9E1 A SPIRAL1
OR ANY O!R MAGNITUDE T IS N S* T ANY "P
( X TAK5 AT R&OM FITS ON 6ANY O!R T MAY
2 *OS54 ,"S"TS X IS F.D NEI 9 ! PLACE
NOR 9 ! "T NOR 9 ! GOAL B 9 ! MANN] (!
MO;N3 = 9 "S CASES ! MO;N IS DI6]5TIAT$
0QK;S & SL[;S3 ?US IF XS VELOC;Y IS
UNI=M A MO;N IS REGUL>1 IF N X IS
IRREGUL>4 ,S QK;S & SL[;S >E N SPECIES (
MO;N NOR D !Y 3/ITUTE SPECIFIC DI6];ES (
MO;N1 2C ? 4T9C;N O3URS 9 3NEXION ) ALL
! 4T9CT SPECIES ( MO;N4 ,! SAME IS TRUE
( H1VI;S & LI<T;S :5 !Y REF] 6! SAME ?+3
E4G4 !Y D N SPECIFIC,Y 4T+UI% E>? F XF
OR FIRE F XF4 ,IRREGUL> MO;N1 "!=E1 :ILE
9 VIRTUE ( 2+ 3T9U\S X IS "O1 IS S 9 A
LESS] DEGREE1 Z IS ! CASE ) LOCOMO;N 9 A
BROK5 L9E3 &A LESS] DEGREE ( "S?+ ALW
M1NS AN ADMIXTURE ( XS 3TR>Y4 ,& S9CE E
MO;N T IS "O C 2 BO? REGUL> & IRREGUL>1
MO;NS T >E 3SECUTIVE B N SPECIFIC,Y !
SAME _C 2 "O & 3T9U\S3 = H[ %D A MO;N
-POS$ ( ALT],N & LOCOMO;N 2 REGUL>8 ,IF
A MO;N IS 6BE REGUL> XS "PS "\ 6FIT "O
ANO!R4
  #E
  ,WE H FUR!R 6DET]M9E :AT MO;NS >E
3TR>Y 6EA* O!R1 & 6DET]M9E SIMIL>LY H[ X
IS ) RE/4 ,& WE H F/ 6DECIDE :E!R 3TR>Y
MO;NS >E MO;NS RESPECTIVELY F & 6! SAME
?+1 E4G4 A MO;N F H1L? &A MO;N 6H1L? 7":
! OPPOSI;N1 X WD SEEM1 IS (! SAME K9D Z
T 2T -+ 6BE & C1S+ 6BE72 OR MO;NS
RESPECTIVELY F 3TR>IES1 E4G4 A MO;N F
H1L? &A MO;N F 41SE2 OR MO;NS
RESPECTIVELY 63TR>IES1 E4G4 A MO;N 6H1L?
&A MO;N 641SE2 OR MO;NS RESPECTIVELY F A
3TR>Y & 6! OPPOSITE 3TR>Y1 E4G4 A MO;N F
H1L? &A MO;N 641SE2 OR MO;NS
RESPECTIVELY F A 3TR>Y 6! OPPOSITE 3TR>Y
& F ! LATT] 6! =M]1 E4G4 A MO;N F H1L?
641SE &A MO;N F 41SE 6H1L?3 = MO;NS M/ 2
3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R 9 "O OR M ( ^! WAYS1 Z
"! IS NO O!R WAY 9 : !Y C 2 OPPOS$4
  ,N[ MO;NS RESPECTIVELY F A 3TR>Y & 6!
OPPOSITE 3TR>Y1 E4G4 A MO;N F H1L? &A
MO;N 641SE1 >E N 3TR>Y MO;NS3 = !Y >E "O
&! SAME4 7,YET _! ESS;E IS N ! SAME1 J Z
*ANG+ F H1L? IS DI6]5T F *ANG+ 641SE47
,NOR >E MO;N RESPECTIVELY F A 3TR>Y & F
! OPPOSITE 3TR>Y 3TR>Y MO;NS1 =A MO;N F
A 3TR>Y IS AT ! SAME "T A MO;N 6A 3TR>Y
OR 6AN 9T]M$IATE 7( ?1 H["E1 WE % SP1K
LAT]71 B *ANG+ 6A 3TR>Y R ?AN *ANG+ F A
3TR>Y WD SEEM 6BE ! CAUSE (! 3TR>IETY (
MO;NS1 ! LATT] 2+ ! LOSS1 ! =M] ! GA91 (
3TR>I;S4 ,MOREOV]1 EA* S"EAL MO;N TAKES
XS "N R F ! GOAL ?AN F ! />T+-PO9T (
*ANGE1 E4G4 MO;N 6H1L? WE CALL
3VALESC;E1 MO;N 641SE SICK5+4 ,?US WE >E
LEFT ) MO;NS RESPECTIVELY 63TR>IES1 &
MO;NS RESPECTIVELY 63TR>IES F ! OPPOSITE
3TR>IES4 ,N[ X WD SEEM T MO;NS 63TR>IES
>E AT ! SAME "T MO;NS F 3TR>IES 7?\< _!
ESS;E MAY N 2 ! SAME2 ,86H1L?0' IS
4T9CT1 ,I M1N1 F ,8F 41SE0'1 & ,8F
H1L?0' F ,8641SE0'74
  ,S9CE !N *ANGE DI6]S F MO;N 7MO;N 2+
*ANGE F A "PICUL> SUBJECT 6A "PICUL>
SUBJECT71 X FOLL[S T 3TR>Y MO;NS >E
MO;NS RESPECTIVELY F A 3TR>Y 6! OPPOSITE
3TR>Y & F ! LATT] 6! =M]1 E4G4 A MO;N F
H1L? 641SE &A MO;N F 41SE 6H1L?4
,MOREOV]1 ! 3SID],N ( "PICUL> EXAMPLES W
AL %[ :AT K9DS ( PROCESSES >E G5],Y
RECOGNIZ$ Z 3TR>Y3 ?US FALL+ ILL IS
REG>D$ Z 3TR>Y 6RECOV]+ "O'S H1L?1 ^!
PROCESSES HAV+ 3TR>Y GOALS1 & 2+ TAU<T Z
3TR>Y 62+ L$ 96]ROR 0ANO!R1 X 2+ POSSI#
6ACQUIRE ]ROR1 L K1 EI 0"O'S [N AG5CY OR
0T ( ANO!R4 ,SIMIL>LY WE H UPW>D
LOCOMO;N & D[NW>D LOCOMO;N1 : >E 3TR>Y
L5G?WISE1 LOCOMO;N 6! "R & LOCOMO;N 6!
LEFT1 : >E 3TR>Y BR1D?WISE1 & =W>D
LOCOMO;N & BACKW>D LOCOMO;N1 : TOO >E
3TR>IES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 A PROCESS SIMPLY
6A 3TR>Y1 E4G4 T DENOT$ 0! EXPRES.N
,82COM+ :ITE0'1 ": NO />T+-PO9T IS
SPECIFI$1 IS A *ANGE B N A MO;N4 ,& 9
ALL CASES (A ?+ T HAS NO 3TR>Y WE H Z
3TR>IES *ANGE F & *ANGE 6! SAME ?+4 ,?US
-+ 6BE IS 3TR>Y 6C1S+ 6BE1 & LOS+ 6GA9+4
,B ^! >E *ANGES & N MO;NS4 ,& :]"E A
PAIR ( 3TR>IES ADMIT ( AN 9T]M$IATE1
MO;NS 6T 9T]M$IATE M/ 2 HELD 6BE 9 A
S5SE MO;NS 6"O OR O!R (! 3TR>IES3 =!
9T]M$IATE S]VES Z A 3TR>Y =! PURPOSES (!
MO;N1 9 :I*"E DIREC;N ! *ANGE MAY BE1
E4G4 GREY 9 A MO;N F GREY 6:ITE TAKES !
PLACE ( BLACK Z />T+-PO9T1 9 A MO;N F
:ITE 6GREY X TAKES ! PLACE ( BLACK Z
GOAL1 & 9 A MO;N F BLACK 6GREY X TAKES !
PLACE ( :ITE Z GOAL3 =! MI4LE IS OPPOS$
9 A S5SE 6EI (! EXTREMES1 Z HAS BE5 SD
ABV4 ,?US WE SEE T TWO MO;NS >E 3TR>Y
6EA* O!R ONLY :5 "O IS A MO;N F A 3TR>Y
6! OPPOSITE 3TR>Y &! O!R IS A MO;N F !
LATT] 6! =M]4
  #F
  ,B S9CE A MO;N APPE>S 6H 3TR>Y 6X N
ONLY ANO!R MO;N B AL A /ATE ( RE/1 WE M/
DET]M9E H[ ? IS S4 ,A MO;N HAS = XS
3TR>Y 9 ! /RICT S5SE (! T]M ANO!R MO;N1
B X AL HAS = AN OPPOSITE A /ATE ( RE/ 7=
RE/ IS ! PRIV,N ( MO;N &! PRIV,N ( ANY?+
MAY 2 CALL$ XS 3TR>Y71 & MO;N ( "O K9D
HAS = XS OPPOSITE RE/ ( T K9D1 E4G4
LOCAL MO;N HAS LOCAL RE/4 ,? /ATE;T1
H["E1 NE$S FUR!R QUALIFIC,N3 "! REMA9S !
"Q1 IS ! OPPOSITE ( REMA9+ AT A "PICUL>
PLACE MO;N F OR MO;N 6T PLACE8 ,X IS
SURELY CLE> T S9CE "! >E TWO SUBJECTS 2T
: MO;N TAKES PLACE1 MO;N F "O ( ^! 7,A7
6XS 3TR>Y 7,B7 HAS = XS OPPOSITE REMA9+
9 ,A :ILE ! REV]SE MO;N HAS = XS
OPPOSITE REMA9+ 9 ,B4 ,AT ! SAME "T ^!
TWO >E AL 3TR>Y 6EA* O!R3 = X WD 2
ABSURD 6SUPPOSE T "! >E 3TR>Y MO;NS & N
OPPOSITE /ATES ( RE/4 ,/ATES ( RE/ 9
3TR>IES >E OPPOS$4 ,6TAKE AN EXAMPLE1 A
/ATE ( RE/ 9 H1L? IS 7#A7 3TR>Y 6A /ATE
( RE/ 9 41SE1 & 7#B7 ! MO;N 6: X IS
3TR>Y IS T F H1L? 641SE4 ,= 7#B7 X WD 2
ABSURD T XS 3TR>Y MO;N %D 2 T F 41SE
6H1L?1 S9CE MO;N 6T 9 : A ?+ IS AT RE/
IS R A -+ 6RE/1 ! -+ 6RE/ 2+ F.D 6-E
962+ SIMULTANE\SLY )! MO;N2 & "O ( ^!
TWO MO;NS X M/ BE4 ,& 7#A7 RE/ 9 :ITE;S
IS ( C\RSE N 3TR>Y 6RE/ 9 H1L?4
  ,( ALL ?+S T H NO 3TR>IES "! >E
OPPOSITE *ANGES 7VIZ4 *ANGE F ! ?+ &
*ANGE 6! ?+1 E4G4 *ANGE F 2+ & *ANGE
62+71 B NO MO;N4 ,S1 TOO1 ( S* ?+S "! IS
NO REMA9+ ?\< "! IS ABS;E ( *ANGE4 ,%D
"! 2 A "PICUL> SUBJECT1 ABS;E ( *ANGE 9
XS 2+ W 2 3TR>Y 6ABS;E ( *ANGE 9 XS N-
2+4 ,& "H A DI6ICULTY MAY 2 RAIS$3 IF N-
2+ IS N A "PICUL> "S?+1 :AT IS X1 X MAY
2 ASK$1 T IS 3TR>Y 6ABS;E ( *ANGE 9 A
?+'S 2+8 & IS ? ABS;E ( *ANGE A /ATE (
RE/8 ,IF X IS1 !N EI X IS N TRUE T E
/ATE ( RE/ IS 3TR>Y 6A MO;N OR ELSE -+
6BE & C1S+ 6BE >E MO;N4 ,X IS CLE> !N T1
S9CE WE EXCLUDE ^! F AM;G MO;NS1 WE M/ N
SAY T ? ABS;E ( *ANGE IS A /ATE ( RE/3
WE M/ SAY T X IS SIMIL> 6A /ATE ( RE/ &
CALL X ABS;E ( *ANGE4 ,& X W H = XS
3TR>Y EI NO?+ OR ABS;E ( *ANGE 9 ! ?+'S
N-2+1 OR ! C1S+ 6BE (! ?+3 = S* C1S+ 6BE
IS *ANGE F X &! ?+'S -+ 6BE IS *ANGE 6X4
  ,AG1 A FUR!R DI6ICULTY MAY 2 RAIS$4
,H[ IS X1 X MAY 2 ASK$1 T ":AS 9 LOCAL
*ANGE BO? REMA9+ & MOV+ MAY 2 NATURAL OR
UNNATURAL1 9 ! O!R *ANGES ? IS N S8 E4G4
ALT],N IS N N[ NATURAL & N[ UNNATURAL1 =
3VALESC;E IS NO M NATURAL OR UNNATURAL
?AN FALL+ ILL1 :IT5+ NO M NATURAL OR
UNNATURAL ?AN BLACK5+2 S1 TOO1 ) 9CR1SE
& DECR1SE3 ^! >E N 3TR>Y 6EA* O!R 9 !
S5SE T EI ( !M IS NATURAL :ILE ! O!R IS
UNNATURAL1 NOR IS "O 9CR1SE 3TR>Y 6ANO!R
9 ? S5SE2 &! SAME A3.T MAY 2 GIV5 (
2COM+ & P]I%+3 X IS N TRUE T 2COM+ IS
NATURAL & P]I%+ UNNATURAL 7= GR[+ OLD IS
NATURAL71 NOR D WE OBS]VE "O 2COM+ 6BE
NATURAL & ANO!R UNNATURAL4 ,WE ANSW] T
IF :AT HAPP5S "U VIOL;E IS UNNATURAL1 !N
VIOL5T P]I%+ IS UNNATURAL & Z S* 3TR>Y
6NATURAL P]I%+4 ,>E "! !N AL "S 2COM+S T
>E VIOL5T & N ! RESULT ( NATURAL
NECESS;Y1 & >E "!=E 3TR>Y 6NATURAL
2COM+S1 & VIOL5T 9CR1SES & DECR1SES1
E4G4 ! RAPID GR[? 6MATUR;Y ( PR(LIGATES
&! RAPID RIP5+ ( SE$S EV5 :5 N PACK$
CLOSE 9 ! E>?8 ,& H[ IS X ) ALT],NS8
,SURELY J ! SAME3 WE MAY SAY T "S
ALT],NS >E VIOL5T :ILE O!RS >E NATURAL1
E4G4 PATI5TS ALT] NATUR,Y OR UNNATUR,Y
AC Z !Y ?R[ (F FEV]S ON ! CRITICAL "DS
OR N4 ,B1 X MAY 2 OBJECT$1 !N WE % H
P]I%+S 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R1 N 62COM+4
,C]TA9LY3 & :Y %D N ? 9 A S5SE 2 S8 ,?US
X IS S IF "O P]I%+ IS PL1SANT & ANO!R
PA9;L3 & S "O P]I%+ W 2 3TR>Y 6ANO!R N 9
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