,BOOK ;,V
                   #A
  ,8,,2G9N+0' M1NS 7#A7 T "P (A ?+ F :
"O WD />T F/1 E4;G A L9E OR A ROAD HAS A
2G9N+ 9 EI (! 3TR>Y DIREC;NS4 7#B7 ,T F
: EA* ?+ WD BE/ 2 ORIG9AT$1 E4G4 EV5 9
LE>N+ WE M/ "S"TS 2G9 N F ! F/ PO9T &!
2G9N+ (! SUBJECT1 B F ! PO9T F : WE %D
LE>N MO/ EASILY4 7#D7 ,T F :1 Z AN
IMMAN5T "P1 A ?+ F/ -ES 6BE1 ;E1;G1 Z !
KEEL (A %IP &! F.D,N (A H\SE1 :ILE 9
ANIMALS "S SUPPOSE ! HE>T1 O!RS ! BRA91
O!RS "S O!R "P1 6BE ( ? NATURE4 7#D7 ,T
F :1 N Z AN IMMAN5T "P1 A ?+ F/ -ES 6BE1
& F : ! MOVE;T OR ! *ANGE NATUR,Y F/
2G9S1 Z A * -ES F XS "F & XS "M1 &A FI<T
F ABUSIVE LANGUAGE4 7#E7 ,T AT ^: W T :
IS MOV$ IS MOV$ & T : *ANGES *ANGES1
E4G4 ! MAGI/RACIES 9 CITIES1 & OLIG>*IES
& MON>*IES & TYRANNIES1 >E CALL$ >H*AI1
& S >E ! >TS1 &( ^! ESPECI,Y !
>*ITECTONIC >TS4 7#F7 ,T F : A ?+ C F/ 2
"KN1-? AL IS CALL$ ! 2G9N+ (! ?+1 E4G4 !
HYPO!SES >E ! 2G9N+S ( DEMON/R,NS4
7,CAUSES >E SPOK5 ( 9 AN EQUAL NUMB] (
S5SES2 = ALL CAUSES >E 2G9N+S47 ,X IS
-MON1 !N1 6ALL 2G9N+S 6BE ! F/ PO9T F :
A ?+ EI IS OR -ES 6BE OR IS "KN2 B ( ^!
"S >E IMMAN5T 9 ! ?+ & O!RS >E \TSIDE4
,H;E ! NATURE (A ?+ IS A 2G9N+1 & S IS !
ELE;T (A ?+1 & ?"\ & W1 & ESS;E1 &! F9AL
CAUSE-=! GD &! B1UTI;L >E ! 2G9N+ BO? (!
K &(! MOVE;T ( _M ?+S4
                   #B
  ,8,CAUSE0' M1NS 7#A7 T F :1 Z IMMAN5T
MAT]IAL1 A ?+ -ES 962+1 E4G4 ! BRONZE IS
! CAUSE (! /ATUE &! SILV] (! SAUC]1 & S
>E ! CLASSES : 9CLUDE ^!4 7#B7 ,! =M OR
PATT]N1 I4E4 ! DEF9I;N (! ESS;E1 &!
CLASSES : 9CLUDE ? 7E4G4 ! RATIO #B3A &
NUMB] 9 G5]AL >E CAUSES (! OCTAVE71 &!
"PS 9CLUD$ 9 ! DEF9I;N4 7#C7 ,T F : !
*ANGE OR ! RE/+ F *ANGE F/ 2G9S2 E4G4 !
ADVIS] IS A CAUSE (! AC;N1 &! "F A CAUSE
(! *1 & 9 G5]AL ! MAK] A CAUSE (! ?+
MADE &! *ANGE-PRODUC+ (! *ANG+4 7#D7 ,!
5D1 I4E4 T =! SAKE ( : A ?+ IS2 E4G4
H1L? IS ! CAUSE ( WALK+4 ,= ,8,:Y DOES
"O WALK80' WE SAY2 ,8T "O MAY 2 H1L?Y0'2
& 9 SP1K+ ?US WE ?9K WE H GIV5 ! CAUSE4
,! SAME IS TRUE ( ALL ! M1NS T 9T]V5E 2F
! 5D1 :5 "S?+ ELSE HAS PUT ! PROCESS 9
MO;N1 Z E4G4 ?9N+ OR PURG+ OR DRUGS OR
9/RU;TS 9T]V5E 2F H1L? IS R1*$2 = ALL ^!
>E =! SAKE (! 5D1 ?\< !Y DI6] F "O ANO!R
9 T "S >E 9/RU;TS & O!RS >E AC;NS4
  ,^!1 !N1 >E PRACTIC,Y ALL ! S5SES 9 :
CAUSES >E SPOK5 (1 & Z !Y >E SPOK5 ( 9
S"EAL S5SES X FOLL[S BO? T "! >E S"EAL
CAUSES (! SAME ?+1 & 9 NO A3ID5TAL S5SE
7E4G4 BO? ! >T ( SCULPTURE &! BRONZE >E
CAUSES (! /ATUE N 9 RESPECT ( ANY?+ ELSE
B QUA /ATUE2 N1 H["E1 9 ! SAME WAY1 B !
"O Z MATT] &! O!R Z S\RCE (! MOVE;T71 &
T ?+S C 2 CAUSES ( "O ANO!R 7E4G4
EX]CISE ( GD 3DI;N1 &! LATT] ( EX]CISE2
N1 H["E1 9 ! SAME WAY1 B ! "O Z 5D &!
O!R Z S\RCE ( MOVE;T74-,AG1 ! SAME ?+ IS
! CAUSE ( 3TR>IES2 = T : :5 PRES5T
CAUSES A "PICUL> ?+1 WE "S"TS *>GE1 :5
ABS5T1 )! 3TR>Y1 E4G4 WE IMPUTE !
%IPWRECK 6! ABS;E (! /E]SMAN1 ^: PRES;E
0 ! CAUSE ( SAFETY2 & BO?-! PRES;E &!
PRIV,N->E CAUSES Z S\RCES ( MOVE;T4
  ,ALL ! CAUSES N[ M5;N$ FALL "U F\R
S5SES : >E ! MO/ OBVI\S4 ,=! LRS >E !
CAUSE ( SYLLA#S1 &! MAT]IAL IS ! CAUSE (
MANUFACTUR$ ?+S1 & FIRE & E>? & ALL S*
?+S >E ! CAUSES ( BODIES1 &! "PS >E
CAUSES (! :OLE1 &! HYPO!SES >E CAUSES (!
3CLU.N1 9 ! S5SE T !Y >E T \ ( : ^!
RESPECTIVELY >E MADE2 B ( ^! "S >E CAUSE
Z ! SUB/RATUM 7E4G4 ! "PS71 O!RS Z !
ESS;E 7! :OLE1 ! SYN!SIS1 &! =M74 ,!
SEM51 ! PHYSICIAN1 ! ADVIS]1 & 9 G5]AL !
AG5T1 >E ALL S\RCES ( *ANGE OR ( RE/4 ,!
REMA9D] >E CAUSES Z ! 5D &! GD (! O!R
?+S2 = T =! SAKE ( : O!R ?+S >E T5DS 6BE
! BE/ &! 5D (! O!R ?+S2 LET U TAKE X Z
MAK+ NO DI6];E :E!R WE CALL X GD OR
APP>5T GD4
  ,^!1 !N1 >E ! CAUSES1 & ? IS ! NUMB] (
_! K9DS1 B ! V>IETIES ( CAUSES >E _M 9
NUMB]1 ?\< :5 SUMM>IZ$ ^! AL >E
-P>ATIVELY FEW4 ,CAUSES >E SPOK5 ( 9 _M
S5SES1 & EV5 ( ^? : >E (! SAME K9D "S >E
CAUSES 9 A PRIOR & O!RS 9 A PO/]IOR
S5SE1 E4G4 BO? ,8! PHYSICIAN0' & ,8!
PROFES.NAL MAN0' >E CAUSES ( H1L?1 & BO?
,8! RATIO #B3A0' & ,8NUMB]0' >E CAUSES (
! OCTAVE1 &! CLASSES T 9CLUDE ANY
"PICUL> CAUSE >E ALW CAUSES (! "PICUL>
E6ECT4 ,AG1 "! >E A3ID5TAL CAUSES &!
CLASSES : 9CLUDE ^!2 E4G4 :ILE 9 "O S5SE
,8! SCULPTOR0' CAUSES ! /ATUE1 9 ANO!R
S5SE ,8,POLYCLITUS0' CAUSES X1 2C !
SCULPTOR HAPP5S 6BE ,POLYCLITUS2 &!
CLASSES T 9CLUDE ! A3ID5TAL CAUSE >E AL
CAUSES1 E4G4 ,8MAN'-OR 9 G5]AL
,8ANIMAL'-IS ! CAUSE (! /ATUE1 2C
,POLYCLITUS IS A MAN1 & MAN IS AN
ANIMAL4 ,( A3ID5TAL CAUSES AL "S >E M
REMOTE OR NE>] ?AN O!RS1 Z1 = 9/.E1 IF
,8! :ITE0' & ,8! MUSICAL0' 7 CALL$
CAUSES (! /ATUE1 & N ONLY
,8,POLYCLITUS0' OR ,8MAN0'4 ,B 2SS ALL
^! V>IETIES ( CAUSES1 :E!R PROP] OR
A3ID5TAL1 "S >E CALL$ CAUSES Z 2+ A#
6ACT1 O!RS Z ACT+2 E4G4 ! CAUSE (!
H\SE'S 2+ BUILT IS A BUILD]1 OR A BUILD]
:O IS BUILD+4-,! SAME V>IETY ( LANGUAGE
W 2 F.D ) REG>D 6! E6ECTS ( CAUSES2 E4G4
A ?+ MAY 2 CALL$ ! CAUSE ( ? /ATUE OR (A
/ATUE OR 9 G5]AL ( AN IMAGE1 &( ? BRONZE
OR ( BRONZE OR ( MATT] 9 G5]AL2 &
SIMIL>LY 9 ! CASE ( A3ID5TAL E6ECTS4
,AG1 BO? A3ID5TAL & PROP] CAUSES MAY 2
SPOK5 ( 9 -B9,N2 E4G4 WE MAY SAY N
,8,POLYCLITUS0' NOR ,8! SCULPTOR0' B
,8,POLYCLITUS ! SCULPTOR0'4 ,YET ALL ^!
>E B SIX 9 NUMB]1 :ILE EA* IS SPOK5 ( 9
TWO WAYS2 = 7,A7 !Y >E CAUSES EI Z !
9DIVIDUAL1 OR Z ! G5US1 OR Z ! A3ID5TAL1
OR Z ! G5US T 9CLUDES ! A3ID5TAL1 & ^!
EI Z -B9$1 OR Z TAK5 SIMPLY2 & 7,B7 ALL
MAY 2 TAK5 Z ACT+ OR Z HAV+ A CAPAC;Y4
,B !Y DI6] 9ASM* Z ! ACT+ CAUSES1 I4E4 !
9DIVIDUALS1 EXI/1 OR D N EXI/1
SIMULTANE\SLY )! ?+S ( : !Y >E CAUSES1
E4G4 ? "PICUL> MAN :O IS H1L+1 ) ?
"PICUL> MAN :O IS RECOV]+ H1L?1 & ?
"PICUL> BUILD] ) ? "PICUL> ?+ T IS 2+
BUILT2 B ! POT5TIAL CAUSES >E N ALW 9 ?
CASE2 =! H\SE DOES N P]I% AT ! SAME "T Z
! BUILD]4
                   #C
  ,8,ELE;T0' M1NS 7#A7 ! PRIM>Y -PON5T
IMMAN5T 9 A ?+1 & 9DIVISI# 9 K9D 96O!R
K9DS2 E4G4 ! ELE;TS ( SPEE* >E ! "PS ( :
SPEE* 3SI/S & 96: X IS ULTIMATELY
DIVID$1 :ILE !Y >E NO L;G] DIVID$ 96O!R
=MS ( SPEE* DI6]5T 9 K9D F !M4 ,IF !Y >E
DIVID$1 _! "PS >E (! SAME K9D1 Z A "P (
WAT] IS WAT] 7:ILE A "P (! SYLLA# IS N A
SYLLA#74 ,SIMIL>LY ^? :O SP1K (! ELE;TS
( BODIES M1N ! ?+S 96: BODIES >E
ULTIMATELY DIVID$1 :ILE !Y >E NO L;G]
DIVID$ 96O!R ?+S DI6]+ 9 K9D2 & :E!R !
?+S ( ? SORT >E "O OR M1 !Y CALL ^!
ELE;TS4 ,! S-CALL$ ELE;TS ( GEOMETRICAL
PRO(S1 & 9 G5]AL ! ELE;TS ( DEMON/R,NS1
H A SIMIL> "*2 =! PRIM>Y DEMON/R,NS1 EA*
( : IS IMPLI$ 9 _M DEMON/R,NS1 >E CALL$
ELE;TS ( DEMON/R,NS2 &! PRIM>Y
SYLLOGISMS1 : H ?REE T]MS & PROCE$ 0M1NS
( "O MI4LE1 >E ( ? NATURE4
  7#B7 ,P AL TRANSF] ! ^W ,8ELE;T0' F ?
M1N+ & APPLY X 6T :1 2+ "O & SMALL1 IS
USE;L = _M PURPOSES2 = : R1SON :AT IS
SMALL & SIMPLE & 9DIVISI# IS CALL$ AN
ELE;T4 ,H;E -E ! FACTS T ! MO/ UNIV]SAL
?+S >E ELE;TS 72C EA* ( !M 2+ "O &
SIMPLE IS PRES5T 9 A PLURAL;Y ( ?+S1 EI
9 ALL OR 9 Z _M Z POSSI#71 & T UN;Y &!
PO9T >E ?"\ 0"S 6BE F/ PR9CIPLES4 ,N[1
S9CE ! S-CALL$ G5]A >E UNIV]SAL &
9DIVISI# 7= "! IS NO DEF9I;N ( !M71 "S
SAY ! G5]A >E ELE;TS1 & M S ?AN !
DI6]5TIA1 2C ! G5US IS M UNIV]SAL2 = ":
! DI6]5TIA IS PRES5T1 ! G5US A3OMPANIES
X1 B ": ! G5US IS PRES5T1 ! DI6]5TIA IS
N ALW S4 ,X IS -MON 6ALL ! M1N+S T !
ELE;T ( EA* ?+ IS ! F/ -PON5T IMMAN5T 9
EA*4
                   #D
  ,8,NATURE0' M1NS 7#A7 ! G5ESIS ( GR[+
?+S-! M1N+ : WD 2 SU7E/$ IF "O 7
6PRON\NCE ! ,8;U0' 9 PHUSIS L;G4 7#B7 ,T
IMMAN5T "P (A GR[+ ?+1 F : XS GR[? F/
PROCE$S4 7#C7 ,! S\RCE F : ! PRIM>Y
MOVE;T 9 EA* NATURAL OBJECT IS PRES5T 9
X 9 VIRTUE ( XS [N ESS;E4 ,^? ?+S >E SD
6GR[ : DERIVE 9CR1SE F "S?+ ELSE 03TACT
& EI 0ORGANIC UN;Y1 OR 0ORGANIC ADHE.N Z
9 ! CASE ( EMBRYOS4 ,ORGANIC UN;Y DI6]S
F 3TACT2 = 9 ! LATT] CASE "! NE$ N 2
ANY?+ 2SS ! 3TACT1 B 9 ORGANIC UNITIES
"! IS "S?+ ID5TICAL 9 BO? "PS1 : MAKES
!M GR[ TGR 9/1D ( M]ELY T\*+1 & 2 "O 9
RESPECT ( 3T9U;Y & QUANT;Y1 ?\< N (
QUAL;Y4-7#D7 ,8,NATURE0' M1NS ! PRIM>Y
MAT]IAL ( : ANY NATURAL OBJECT 3SI/S OR
\ ( : X IS MADE1 : IS RELATIVELY UN%AP$
& _C 2 *ANG$ F XS [N POT5CY1 Z E4G4
BRONZE IS SD 6BE ! NATURE (A /ATUE &(
BRONZE UT5SILS1 & WOOD ! NATURE ( WOOD5
?+S2 & S 9 ALL O!R CASES2 = :5 A PRODUCT
IS MADE \ ( ^! MAT]IALS1 ! F/ MATT] IS
PRES]V$ "?\T4 ,= X IS 9 ? WAY T P CALL !
ELE;TS ( NATURAL OBJECTS AL _! NATURE1
"S NAM+ FIRE1 O!RS E>?1 O!RS AIR1 O!RS
WAT]1 O!RS "S?+ ELSE (! SORT1 & "S NAM+
M ?AN "O ( ^!1 & O!RS ALL ( !M4-7#E7
,8,NATURE0' M1NS ! ESS;E ( NATURAL
OBJECTS1 Z ) ^? :O SAY ! NATURE IS !
PRIM>Y MODE ( -POSI;N1 OR Z ,EMP$OCLES
SAYS3-
  ,NO?+ T IS HAS A NATURE1
  ,B ONLY MIX+ & "P+ (! MIX$1
  ,& NATURE IS B A "N GIV5 !M 0M54
  ,H;E Z REG>DS ! ?+S T >E OR -E 6BE
0NATURE1 ?\< T F : !Y NATUR,Y -E 6BE OR
>E IS ALR PRES5T1 WE SAY !Y H N _!
NATURE YET1 UN.S !Y H _! =M OR %APE4 ,T
: -PRISES BO? ( ^! EXI/S 0NATURE1 E4G4 !
ANIMALS & _! "PS2 & N ONLY IS ! F/ MATT]
NATURE 7& ? 9 TWO S5SES1 EI ! F/1 C.T+ F
! ?+1 OR ! F/ 9 G5]AL2 E4G4 9 ! CASE (
"WS 9 BRONZE1 BRONZE IS F/ ) REF];E 6!M1
B 9 G5]AL P]H WAT] IS F/1 IF ALL ?+S T C
2 MELT$ >E WAT]71 B AL ! =M OR ESS;E1 :
IS ! 5D (! PROCESS ( 2COM+4-7#F7 ,0AN
EXT5.N ( M1N+ F ? S5SE ( ,8NATURE0' E
ESS;E 9 G5]AL HAS -E 6BE CALL$ A
,8NATURE0'1 2C ! NATURE (A ?+ IS "O K9D
( ESS;E4
  ,F :AT HAS BE5 SD1 !N1 X IS PLA9 T
NATURE 9 ! PRIM>Y & /RICT S5SE IS !
ESS;E ( ?+S : H 9 !MVS1 Z S*1 A S\RCE (
MOVE;T2 =! MATT] IS CALL$ ! NATURE 2C X
IS QUALIFI$ 6RCV ?1 & PROCESSES ( 2COM+
& GR[+ >E CALL$ NATURE 2C !Y >E MOVE;TS
PROCE$+ F ?4 ,& NATURE 9 ? S5SE IS !
S\RCE (! MOVE;T ( NATURAL OBJECTS1 2+
PRES5T 9 !M "SH[1 EI POT5TI,Y OR 9
-PLETE R1L;Y4

                   #E
  ,WE CALL ,8NEC0' 7#A7 7A7 T )\T :1 Z A
3DI;N1 A ?+ _C LIVE2 E4G4 BR1?+ & FOOD
>E NEC = AN ANIMAL2 = X IS 9CAPA# (
EXI/+ )\T ^!2 7B7 ! 3DI;NS )\T : GD _C 2
OR -E 6BE1 OR )\T : WE _C GET RID OR 2
FRE$ ( EVIL2 E4G4 DR9K+ ! M$IC9E IS NEC
9 ORD] T WE MAY 2 CUR$ ( 41SE1 &A MAN'S
SAIL+ 6,AEG9A IS NEC 9 ORD] T HE MAY GET
8 M"OY4-7#B7 ,! -PULSORY & -PUL.N1 I4E4
T : IMP$ES & T5DS 6H9D]1 3TR>Y 6IMPULSE
& PURPOSE4 ,=! -PULSORY IS CALL$ NEC
7:;E ! NEC IS PA9;L1 Z ,EV5US SAYS3 ,8,=
E NEC ?+ IS "E IRK"S0'71 & -PUL.N IS A
=M ( NECESS;Y1 Z ,SOPHOCLES SAYS3 ,8,B
=CE NECESSITATES ME 6? ACT0'4 ,&
NECESS;Y IS HELD 6BE "S?+ T _C 2
P]SUAD$-& "RLY1 = X IS 3TR>Y 6! MOVE;T :
A3ORDS ) PURPOSE &) R1SON+4-7#C7 ,WE SAY
T T : _C 2 O!RWISE IS NECESS>ILY Z X IS4
,& F ? S5SE ( ,8NEC0' ALL ! O!RS >E "SH[
DERIV$2 =A ?+ IS SD 6D OR SU6] :AT IS
NEC 9 ! S5SE ( -PULSORY1 ONLY :5 X _C
ACT AC 6XS IMPULSE 2C (! -PELL+ =CES-:
IMPLIES T NECESS;Y IS T 2C ( : A ?+ _C 2
O!RWISE2 & SIMIL>LY Z REG>DS ! 3DI;NS (
LIFE &( GD2 = :5 9 ! "O CASE GD1 9 ! O!R
LIFE & 2+1 >E N POSSI# )\T C]TA9 3DI;NS1
^! >E NEC1 & ? K9D ( CAUSE IS A SORT (
NECESS;Y4 ,AG1 DEMON/R,N IS A NEC ?+ 2C
! 3CLU.N _C 2 O!RWISE1 IF "! HAS BE5
DEMON/R,N 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE2 &! CAUSES
( ? NECESS;Y >E ! F/ PREMISSES1 I4E4 !
FACT T ! PROPOSI;NS F : ! SYLLOGISM
PROCE$S _C 2 O!RWISE4
  ,N[ "S ?+S [E _! NECESS;Y 6"S?+ O!R
?AN !MVS2 O!RS D N1 B >E !MVS ! S\RCE (
NECESS;Y 9 O!R ?+S4 ,"!=E ! NEC 9 !
PRIM>Y & /RICT S5SE IS ! SIMPLE2 = ?
DOES N ADMIT ( M /ATES ?AN "O1 S T X _C
EV5 2 9 "O /ATE & AL 9 ANO!R2 = IF X DID
X WD ALR 2 9 M ?AN "O4 ,IF1 !N1 "! >E
ANY ?+S T >E ET]NAL & UNMOVA#1 NO?+
-PULSORY OR AG/ _! NATURE ATTA*ES 6!M4
                   #F
  ,8,"O0' M1NS 7#A7 T : IS "O 0A3ID5T1
7#B7 T : IS "O 0XS [N NATURE4 7#A7
,9/.ES (! A3ID5T,Y "O >E ,8,CORISCUS &
:AT IS MUSICAL0'1 & ,8MUSICAL
,CORISCUS0' 7= X IS ! SAME ?+ 6SAY
,8,CORISCUS & :AT IS MUSICAL0'1 &
,8MUSICAL ,CORISCUS0'71 & ,8:AT IS
MUSICAL & :AT IS J0'1 & ,8MUSICAL
,CORISCUS & J ,CORISCUS0'4 ,= ALL ( ^!
>E CALL$ "O 0VIRTUE ( AN A3ID5T1 ,8:AT
IS J & :AT IS MUSICAL0' 2C !Y >E A3ID5TS
( "O SUB/.E1 ,8:AT IS MUSICAL &
,CORISCUS0' 2C ! "O IS AN A3ID5T (! O!R2
& SIMIL>LY 9 A S5SE ,8MUSICAL
,CORISCUS0' IS "O ) ,8,CORISCUS0' 2C "O
(! "PS (! PHRASE IS AN A3ID5T (! O!R1
I4E4 ,8MUSICAL0' IS AN A3ID5T (
,CORISCUS2 & ,8MUSICAL ,CORISCUS0' IS "O
) ,8J ,CORISCUS0' 2C "O "P ( EA* IS AN
A3ID5T ( "O &! SAME SUBJECT4 ,! CASE IS
SIMIL> IF ! A3ID5T IS PR$ICAT$ (A G5US
OR ( ANY UNIV]SAL "N1 E4G4 IF "O SAYS T
MAN IS ! SAME Z ,8MUSICAL MAN0'2 = ? IS
EI 2C ,8MUSICAL0' IS AN A3ID5T ( MAN1 :
IS "O SUB/.E1 OR 2C BO? >E A3ID5TS ( "S
9DIVIDUAL1 E4G4 ,CORISCUS4 ,BO?1 H["E1 D
N 2L;G 6HM 9 ! SAME WAY1 B "O PRESUMABLY
Z G5US & 9CLUD$ 9 8 SUB/.E1 ! O!R Z A
/ATE OR A6EC;N (! SUB/.E4
  ,! ?+S1 !N1 T >E CALL$ "O 9 VIRTUE (
AN A3ID5T1 >E CALL$ S 9 ? WAY4 7#B7 ,(
?+S T >E CALL$ "O 9 VIRTUE ( _! [N
NATURE "S 7A7 >E S CALL$ 2C !Y >E
3T9U\S1 E4G4 A BUNDLE IS MADE "O 0A B&1
& PIECES ( WOOD >E MADE "O 0GLUE2 &A
L9E1 EV5 IF X IS B5T1 IS CALL$ "O IF X
IS 3T9U\S1 Z EA* "P (! BODY IS1 E4G4 !
LEG OR ! >M4 ,( ^! !MVS1 ! 3T9U\S
0NATURE >E M "O ?AN ! 3T9U\S 0>T4 ,A ?+
IS CALL$ 3T9U\S : HAS 0XS [N NATURE "O
MOVE;T & _C H ANY O!R2 &! MOVE;T IS "O
:5 X IS 9DIVISI#1 & X IS 9DIVISI# 9
RESPECT ( "T4 ,^? ?+S >E 3T9U\S 0_! [N
NATURE : >E "O N M]ELY 03TACT2 = IF Y
PUT PIECES ( WOOD T\*+ "O ANO!R1 Y W N
SAY ^! >E "O PIECE ( WOOD OR "O BODY OR
"O 3T9UUM ( ANY O!R SORT4 ,?+S1 !N1 T >E
3T9U\S 9 ANY WAY CALL$ "O1 EV5 IF !Y
ADMIT ( 2+ B5T1 & / M ^? : _C 2 B5T2
E4G4 ! %9 OR ! ?I< IS M "O ?AN ! LEG1 2C
! MOVE;T (! LEG NE$ N 2 "O4 ,&! /RAI<T
L9E IS M "O ?AN ! B5T2 B T : IS B5T &
HAS AN ANGLE WE CALL BO? "O & N "O1 2C
XS MOVE;T MAY 2 EI SIMULTANE\S OR N
SIMULTANE\S2 B T (! /RAI<T L9E IS ALW
SIMULTANE\S1 & NO "P ( X : HAS MAGNITUDE
RE/S :ILE ANO!R MOVES1 Z 9 ! B5T L9E4
  7B77I7 ,?+S >E CALL$ "O 9 ANO!R S5SE
2C _! SUB/RATUM DOES N DI6] 9 K9D2 X
DOES N DI6] 9 ! CASE ( ?+S ^: K9D IS
9DIVISI# 6S5SE4 ,! SUB/RATUM M1NT IS EI
! NE>E/ TO1 OR ! F>!/ F1 ! F9AL /ATE4
,=1 "O ! "O H&1 W9E IS SD 6BE "O & WAT]
IS SD 6BE "O1 QUA 9DIVISI# 9 K9D2 &1 ON
! O!R H&1 ALL JUICES1 E4G4 OIL & W9E1 >E
SD 6BE "O1 & S >E ALL ?+S T C 2 MELT$1
2C ! ULTIMATE SUB/RATUM ( ALL IS ! SAME2
= ALL ( ^! >E WAT] OR AIR4
  7;II7 ,^? ?+S AL >E CALL$ "O ^: G5US
IS "O ?\< 4T+UI%$ 0OPPOSITE DI6]5TIAE-^!
TOO >E ALL CALL$ "O 2C ! G5US : "ULIES !
DI6]5TIAE IS "O 7E4G4 HORSE1 MAN1 & DOG
=M A UN;Y1 2C ALL >E ANIMALS71 & 9DE$ 9
A WAY SIMIL> 6T 9 : ! MATT] IS "O4 ,^!
>E "S"TS CALL$ "O 9 ? WAY1 B "S"TS X IS
! HI<] G5US T IS SD 6BE ! SAME 7IF !Y >E
9FIMAE SPECIES ( _! G5US7-! G5US ABV !
PROXIMATE G5]A2 E4G4 ! ISOSCELES &!
EQUILAT]AL >E "O &! SAME FIGURE 2C BO?
>E TRIANGLES2 B !Y >E N ! SAME
TRIANGLES4
  7C7 ,TWO ?+S >E CALL$ "O1 :5 ! DEF9I;N
: /ATES ! ESS;E ( "O IS 9DIVISI# F ANO!R
DEF9I;N : %[S U ! O!R 7?\< 9 XF E
DEF9I;N IS DIVISI#74 ,?US EV5 T : HAS
9CR1S$ OR IS DIM9I%+ IS "O1 2C XS
DEF9I;N IS "O1 Z1 9 ! CASE ( PLANE
FIGURES1 IS ! DEF9I;N ( _! =M4 ,9 G5]AL
^? ?+S ! ?"\ ( ^: ESS;E IS 9DIVISI#1 &
_C SEP>ATE !M EI 9 "T OR 9 PLACE OR 9
DEF9I;N1 >E MO/ ( ALL "O1 &( ^! ESPECI,Y
^? : >E SUB/.ES4 ,= 9 G5]AL ^? ?+S T D N
ADMIT ( DIVI.N >E CALL$ "O 9 S F> Z !Y D
N ADMIT ( X2 E4G4 IF TWO ?+S >E
9DIST+UI%A# QUA MAN1 !Y >E "O K9D ( MAN2
IF QUA ANIMAL1 "O K9D ( ANIMAL2 IF QUA
MAGNITUDE1 "O K9D ( MAGNITUDE4-,N[ MO/
?+S >E CALL$ "O 2C !Y EI D OR H OR SU6]
OR >E RELAT$ 6"S?+ ELSE T IS "O1 B ! ?+S
T >E PRIM>ILY CALL$ "O >E ^? ^: SUB/.E
IS "O1-& "O EI 9 3T9U;Y OR 9 =M OR 9
DEF9I;N2 = WE C.T Z M ?AN "O EI ?+S T >E
N 3T9U\S1 OR ^? ^: =M IS N "O1 OR ^? ^:
DEF9I;N IS N "O4
  ,:ILE 9 A S5SE WE CALL ANY?+ "O IF X
IS A QUANT;Y & 3T9U\S1 9 A S5SE WE D N
UN.S X IS A :OLE1 I4E4 UN.S X HAS UN;Y (
=M2 E4G4 IF WE SAW ! "PS (A %OE PUT TGR
ANYH[ WE %D N CALL !M "O ALL ! SAME
7UN.S 2C ( _! 3T9U;Y72 WE D ? ONLY IF !Y
>E PUT TGR S Z 6BE A %OE & 6H ALR A
C]TA9 S+LE =M4 ,? IS :Y ! CIRCLE IS (
ALL L9ES MO/ TRULY "O1 2C X IS :OLE &
-PLETE4
  7#C7 ,! ESS;E ( :AT IS "O IS 6BE "S
K9D ( 2G9N+ ( NUMB]2 =! F/ M1SURE IS !
2G9N+1 S9CE T 0: WE F/ "K EA* CLASS IS !
F/ M1SURE (! CLASS2 ! "O1 !N1 IS ! 2G9N+
(! "KA# REG>D+ EA* CLASS4 ,B ! "O IS N !
SAME 9 ALL CLASSES4 ,= "H X IS A QU>T]-
T"O1 & "! X IS ! V[EL OR ! 3SONANT2 & "!
IS ANO!R UNIT ( WEI<T & ANO!R ( MOVE;T4
,B "EY": ! "O IS 9DIVISI# EI 9 QUANT;Y
OR 9 K9D4 ,N[ T : IS 9DIVISI# 9 QUANT;Y
IS CALL$ A UNIT IF X IS N DIVISI# 9 ANY
DIM5.N & IS )\T POSI;N1 A PO9T IF X IS N
DIVISI# 9 ANY DIM5.N & HAS POSI;N1 A L9E
IF X IS DIVISI# 9 "O DIM5.N1 A PLANE IF
9 TWO1 A BODY IF DIVISI# 9 QUANT;Y 9 ALL
--I4E4 9 ?REE--DIM5.NS4 ,&1 REV]S+ !
ORD]1 T : IS DIVISI# 9 TWO DIM5.NS IS A
PLANE1 T : IS DIVISI# 9 "O A L9E1 T : IS
9 NO WAY DIVISI# 9 QUANT;Y IS A PO9T OR
A UNIT1-T : HAS N POSI;N A UNIT1 T : HAS
POSI;N A PO9T4
  ,AG1 "S ?+S >E "O 9 NUMB]1 O!RS 9
SPECIES1 O!RS 9 G5US1 O!RS 0ANALOGY2 9
NUMB] ^? ^: MATT] IS "O1 9 SPECIES ^? ^:
DEF9I;N IS "O1 9 G5US ^? 6: ! SAME
FIGURE ( PR$IC,N APPLIES1 0ANALOGY ^? :
>E RELAT$ Z A ?IRD ?+ IS 6A F\R?4 ,!
LATT] K9DS ( UN;Y >E ALW F.D :5 ! =M]
>E2 E4G4 ?+S T >E "O 9 NUMB] >E AL "O 9
SPECIES1 :ILE ?+S T >E "O 9 SPECIES >E N
ALL "O 9 NUMB]2 B ?+S T >E "O 9 SPECIES
>E ALL "O 9 G5US1 :ILE ?+S T >E S 9 G5US
>E N ALL "O 9 SPECIES B >E ALL "O
0ANALOGY2 :ILE ?+S T >E "O 0ANALOGY >E N
ALL "O 9 G5US4
  ,EVID5TLY ,8_M0' W H M1N+S OPPOSITE
6^? ( ,8"O0'2 "S ?+S >E _M 2C !Y >E N
3T9U\S1 O!RS 2C _! MATT]-EI ! PROXIMATE
MATT] OR ! ULTIMATE-IS DIVISI# 9 K9D1
O!RS 2C ! DEF9I;NS : /ATE _! ESS;E >E M
?AN "O4
                   #G
  ,?+S >E SD TO ,8BE0' 7#A7 9 AN
A3ID5TAL S5SE1 7#B7 0_! [N NATURE4
  7#A7 ,9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE1 E4G4 WE SAY
,8! "RE\S DO] IS MUSICAL0'1 & ,8! MAN IS
MUSICAL0'1 & ,8! MUSICIAN IS A MAN0'1 J
Z WE SAY ,8! MUSICIAN BUILDS0'1 2C !
BUILD] HAPP5S 6BE MUSICAL OR ! MUSICIAN
6BE A BUILD]2 = "H ,8"O ?+ IS ANO!R0'
M1NS ,8"O IS AN A3ID5T ( ANO!R0'4 ,S 9 !
CASES WE H M5;N$2 = :5 WE SAY ,8! MAN IS
MUSICAL0' & ,8! MUSICIAN IS A MAN0'1 OR
,8HE :O IS PALE IS MUSICAL0' OR ,8!
MUSICIAN IS PALE0'1 ! LA/ TWO M1N T BO?
ATTRIBUTES >E A3ID5TS (! SAME ?+2 ! F/ T
! ATTRIBUTE IS AN A3ID5T ( T : IS1 :ILE
,8! MUSICAL IS A MAN0' M1NS T
,8MUSICAL0' IS AN A3ID5T (A MAN4 7,IN ?
S5SE1 TOO1 ! N-PALE IS SD 6BE1 2C T ( :
X IS AN A3ID5T IS47 ,?US :5 "O ?+ IS SD
9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE 6BE ANO!R1 ? IS EI 2C
BO? 2L;G 6! SAME ?+1 & ? IS1 OR 2C T 6:
! ATTRIBUTE 2L;GS IS1 OR 2C ! SUBJECT :
HAS Z AN ATTRIBUTE T ( : X IS XF
PR$ICAT$1 XF IS4
  7#B7 ,! K9DS ( ESS5TIAL 2+ >E
PRECISELY ^? T >E 9DICAT$ 0! FIGURES (
PR$IC,N2 =! S5SES ( ,82+0' >E J Z _M Z
^! FIGURES4 ,S9CE1 !N1 "S PR$ICATES
9DICATE :AT ! SUBJECT IS1 O!RS XS
QUAL;Y1 O!RS QUANT;Y1 O!RS REL,N1 O!RS
ACTIV;Y OR PASSIV;Y1 O!RS XS ,8":0'1
O!RS XS ,8:50'1 ,82+0' HAS A M1N+ ANSW]+
6EA* ( ^!4 ,= "! IS NO DI6];E 2T ,8! MAN
IS RECOV]+0' & ,8! MAN RECOV]S0'1 NOR 2T
,8! MAN IS WALK+ OR CUTT+0' & ,8! MAN
WALKS0' OR ,8CUTS0'2 & SIMIL>LY 9 ALL
O!R CASES4
  7#C7 ,AG1 ,82+0' & ,8IS0' M1N T A
/ATE;T IS TRUE1 ,8N 2+0' T X IS N TRUE B
FALSES-& ? ALIKE 9 ! CASE ( A6IRM,N &(
NEG,N2 E4G4 ,8,SOCRATES IS MUSICAL0'
M1NS T ? IS TRUE1 OR ,8,SOCRATES IS N-
PALE0' M1NS T ? IS TRUE2 B ,8! DIAGONAL
(! SQU>E IS N -M5SURATE )! SIDE0' M1NS T
X IS FALSE 6SAY X IS4
  7#D7 ,AG1 ,82+0' & ,8T : IS0' M1N T "S
(! ?+S WE H M5;N$ ,8>E0' POT5TI,Y1 O!RS
9 -PLETE R1L;Y4 ,= WE SAY BO? ( T : SEES
POT5TI,Y &( T : SEES ACTU,Y1 T X IS
,8SEE+0'1 & BO? ( T : C ACTUALIZE XS K &
( T : IS ACTUALIZ+ X1 T X "KS1 & BO? ( T
6: RE/ IS ALR PRES5T &( T : C RE/1 T X
RE/S4 ,& SIMIL>LY 9 ! CASE ( SUB/.ES2 WE
SAY ! ,H]MES IS 9 ! /"O1 &! HALF (! L9E
IS 9 ! L9E1 & WE SAY ( T : IS N YET RIPE
T X IS CORN4 ,:5 A ?+ IS POT5TIAL & :5 X
IS N YET POT5TIAL M/ 2 EXPLA9$ ELSE":4
                   #H
  ,WE CALL ,8SUB/.E0' 7#A7 ! SIMPLE
BODIES1 I4E4 E>? & FIRE & WAT] & "EY?+ (
! SORT1 & 9 G5]AL BODIES &! ?+S -POS$ (
!M1 BO? ANIMALS & DIV9E 2+S1 &! "PS (
^!4 ,ALL ^! >E CALL$ SUB/.E 2C !Y >E N
PR$ICAT$ (A SUBJECT B "EY?+ ELSE IS
PR$ICAT$ ( !M4-7#B7 ,T :1 2+ PRES5T 9 S*
?+S Z >E N PR$ICAT$ (A SUBJECT1 IS !
CAUSE ( _! 2+1 Z ! S\L IS (! 2+ ( AN
ANIMAL4-7#C7 ,! "PS : >E PRES5T 9 S*
?+S1 LIMIT+ !M & M>K+ !M Z 9DIVIDUALS1 &
0^: DE/RUC;N ! :OLE IS DE/ROY$1 Z ! BODY
IS 0! DE/RUC;N (! PLANE1 Z "S SAY1 &!
PLANE 0! DE/RUC;N (! L9E2 & 9 G5]AL
NUMB] IS ?"\ 0"S 6BE ( ? NATURE2 = IF X
IS DE/ROY$1 !Y SAY1 NO?+ EXI/S1 & X
LIMITS ALL ?+S4-7#D7 ,! ESS;E1 ! =MULA (
: IS A DEF9I;N1 IS AL CALL$ ! SUB/.E (
EA* ?+4
  ,X FOLL[S1 !N1 T ,8SUB/.E0' HAS TWO
S5SES1 7,A7 ULTIMATE SUB/RATUM1 : IS NO
L;G] PR$ICAT$ ( ANY?+ ELSE1 & 7,B7 T :1
2+ A ,8?0'1 IS AL SEP>A# &( ? NATURE IS
! %APE OR =M ( EA* ?+4
                   #I
  ,8,! SAME0' M1NS 7#A7 T : IS ! SAME 9
AN A3ID5TAL S5SE1 E4G4 ,8! PALE0' & ,8!
MUSICAL0' >E ! SAME 2C !Y >E A3ID5TS (!
SAME ?+1 & 'A MAN0' & ,8MUSICAL0' 2C !
"O IS AN A3ID5T (! O!R2 & ,8! MUSICAL0'
IS 'A MAN0' 2C X IS AN A3ID5T (! MAN4
7,! -PLEX 5T;Y IS ! SAME Z EI (! SIMPLE
"OS & EA* ( ^! IS ! SAME Z X2 = BO? ,8!
MAN0' & ,8! MUSICAL0' >E SD 6BE ! SAME Z
,8! MUSICAL MAN0'1 & ? ! SAME Z !Y47 ,?
IS :Y ALL ( ^! /ATE;TS >E MADE N
UNIV]S,Y2 = X IS N TRUE 6SAY T E MAN IS
! SAME Z ,8! MUSICAL0' 7= UNIV]SAL
ATTRIBUTES 2L;G 6?+S 9 VIRTUE ( _! [N
NATURE1 B A3ID5TS D N 2L;G 6!M 9 VIRTUE
( _! [N NATURE72 B (! 9DIVIDUALS !
/ATE;TS >E MADE )\T QUALIFIC,N4 ,=
,8,SOCRATES0' & ,8MUSICAL ,SOCRATES0' >E
?"\ 6BE ! SAME2 B ,8,SOCRATES0' IS N
PR$ICA# ( M ?AN "O SUBJECT1 & "!=E WE D
N SAY ,8E ,SOCRATES0' Z WE SAY ,8E
MAN0'4
  ,"S ?+S >E SD 6BE ! SAME 9 ? S5SE1
O!RS 7#B7 >E ! SAME 0_! [N NATURE1 9 Z
_M S5SES Z T : IS "O 0XS [N NATURE IS S2
= BO? ! ?+S ^: MATT] IS "O EI 9 K9D OR 9
NUMB]1 & ^? ^: ESS;E IS "O1 >E SD 6BE !
SAME4 ,CLE>LY1 "!=E1 SAME;S IS A UN;Y (!
2+ EI ( M ?AN "O ?+ OR ( "O ?+ :5 X IS
TR1T$ Z M ?AN "O1 IE4 :5 WE SAY A ?+ IS
! SAME Z XF2 = WE TR1T X Z TWO4
  ,?+S >E CALL$ ,8O!R0' IF EI _! K9DS OR
_! MATT]S OR ! DEF9I;NS ( _! ESS;E >E M
?AN "O2 & 9 G5]AL ,8O!R0' HAS M1N+S
OPPOSITE 6^? ( ,8! SAME0'4
  ,8,DI6]5T0' IS APPLI$ 7#A7 6^? ?+S :
?\< O!R >E ! SAME 9 "S RESPECT1 ONLY N 9
NUMB] B EI 9 SPECIES OR 9 G5US OR
0ANALOGY2 7#B7 6^? ^: G5US IS O!R1 &
63TR>IES1 & 6AN ?+S T H _! O!R;S 9 _!
ESS;E4
  ,^? ?+S >E CALL$ ,8L0' : H ! SAME
ATTRIBUTES 9 E RESPECT1 & ^? : H M
ATTRIBUTES ! SAME ?AN DI6]5T1 & ^? ^:
QUAL;Y IS "O2 & T : %>ES ) ANO!R ?+ !
GRT] NUMB] OR ! M IMPORTANT (!
ATTRIBUTES 7EA* ( !M "O ( TWO 3TR>IES7 9
RESPECT ( : ?+S >E CAPA# ( ALT]+1 IS L T
O!R ?+4 ,! S5SES ( ,8UNLIKE0' >E
OPPOSITE 6^? ( ,8L0'4
                  #AJ
  ,! T]M ,8OPPOSITE0' IS APPLI$
63TRADICTORIES1 & 63TR>IES1 & 6RELATIVE
T]MS1 & 6PRIV,N & POSSES.N1 & 6!
EXTREMES F : & 96: G5],N & 4SOLU;N TAKE
PLACE2 &! ATTRIBUTES T _C 2 PRES5T AT !
SAME "T 9 T : IS RECEPTIVE ( BO?1 >E SD
6BE OPPOS$1-EI !MVS ( _! 3/ITU5TS4 ,GREY
& :ITE COL\R D N 2L;G AT ! SAME "T 6!
SAME ?+2 H;E _! 3/ITU5TS >E OPPOS$4
  ,! T]M ,83TR>Y0' IS APPLI$ 7#A7 6^?
ATTRIBUTES DI6]+ 9 G5US : _C 2L;G AT !
SAME "T 6! SAME SUBJECT1 7#B7 6! MO/
DI6]5T (! ?+S 9 ! SAME G5US1 7#C7 6! MO/
DI6]5T (! ATTRIBUTES 9 ! SAME RECIPI5T
SUBJECT1 7#D7 6! MO/ DI6]5T (! ?+S T
FALL "U ! SAME FACULTY1 7#E7 6! ?+S ^:
DI6];E IS GRTE/ EI ABSOLUTELY OR 9 G5US
OR 9 SPECIES4 ,! O!R ?+S T >E CALL$
3TR>Y >E S CALL$1 "S 2C !Y POSSESS
3TR>IES (! ABV K9D1 "S 2C !Y >E
RECEPTIVE ( S*1 "S 2C !Y >E PRODUCTIVE (
OR SUSCEPTI# 6S*1 OR >E PRODUC+ OR SU6]+
!M1 OR >E LOSSES OR ACQUISI;NS1 OR
POSSES.NS OR PRIV,NS1 ( S*4 ,S9CE ,8"O0'
& ,82+0' H _M S5SES1 ! O!R T]MS : >E
DERIV$ F ^!1 & "!=E ,8SAME0'1 ,8O!R0'1 &
,83TR>Y0'1 M/ CORRESPOND1 S T !Y M/ 2
DI6]5T = EA* CATEGORY4
  ,! T]M ,8O!R 9 SPECIES0' IS APPLI$
6?+S : 2+ (! SAME G5US >E N SUBORD9ATE !
"O 6! O!R1 OR : 2+ 9 ! SAME G5US H A
DI6];E1 OR : H A 3TR>IETY 9 _! SUB/.E2 &
3TR>IES >E O!R ?AN "O ANO!R 9 SPECIES
7EI ALL 3TR>IES OR ^? : >E S CALL$ 9 !
PRIM>Y S5SE71 & S >E ^? ?+S ^: DEF9I;NS
DI6] 9 ! 9FIMA SPECIES (! G5US 7E4G4 MAN
& HORSE >E 9DIVISI# 9 G5US1 B _!
DEF9I;NS >E DI6]5T71 & ^? : 2+ 9 ! SAME
SUB/.E H A DI6];E4 ,8,! SAME 9 SPECIES0'
HAS ! V>I\S M1N+S OPPOSITE 6^!4
                  #AA
  ,! ^WS ,8PRIOR0' & ,8PO/]IOR0' >E
APPLI$ 7#A7 6"S ?+S 7ON ! ASSUMP;N T "!
IS A F/1 I4E4 A 2G9N+1 9 EA* CLASS7 2C
!Y >E NE>] "S 2G9N+ DET]M9$ EI
ABSOLUTELY & 0NATURE1 OR 0REF];E 6"S?+
OR 9 "S PLACE OR 0C]TA9 P2 E4G4 ?+S >E
PRIOR 9 PLACE 2C !Y >E NE>] EI 6"S PLACE
DET]M9$ 0NATURE 7E4G4 ! MI4LE OR ! LA/
PLACE71 OR 6"S *.E OBJECT2 & T : IS F>!R
IS PO/]IOR4-,O!R ?+S >E PRIOR 9 "T2 "S
02+ F>!R F ! PRES5T1 I4E4 9 ! CASE ( PA/
EV5TS 7=! ,TROJAN W> IS PRIOR 6!
,P]SIAN1 2C X IS F>!R F ! PRES5T71 O!RS
02+ NE>] ! PRES5T1 I4E4 9 ! CASE (
FUTURE EV5TS 7=! ,NEM1N GAMES >E PRIOR
6! ,PY?IAN1 IF WE TR1T ! PRES5T Z 2G9N+
& F/ PO9T1 2C !Y >E NE>] ! PRES5T74-,O!R
?+S >E PRIOR 9 MOVE;T2 = T : IS NE>] !
F/ MOV] IS PRIOR 7E4G4 ! BOY IS PRIOR 6!
MAN72 &! PRIME MOV] AL IS A 2G9N+
ABSOLUTELY4-,O!RS >E PRIOR 9 P[]2 = T :
EXCE$S 9 P[]1 I4E4 ! M P[];L1 IS PRIOR2
& S* IS T AC 6^: W ! O!R-I4E4 ! PO/]IOR-
M/ FOLL[1 S T IF ! PRIOR DOES N SET X 9
MO;N ! O!R DOES N MOVE1 & IF X SETS X 9
MO;N X DOES MOVE2 & "H W IS A 2G9N+4-
,O!RS >E PRIOR 9 >RANGE;T2 ^! >E ! ?+S T
>E PLAC$ AT 9T]VALS 9 REF];E 6"S "O
DEF9ITE ?+ AC 6"S RULE1 E4G4 9 ! *ORUS !
SECOND MAN IS PRIOR 6! ?IRD1 & 9 ! LYRE
! SECOND L[E/ /R+ IS PRIOR 6! L[E/2 = 9
! "O CASE ! L1D] & 9 ! O!R ! MI4LE /R+
IS ! 2G9N+4
  ,^!1 !N1 >E CALL$ PRIOR 9 ? S5SE1 B
7#B7 9 ANO!R S5SE T : IS PRIOR = K IS
TR1T$ Z AL ABSOLUTELY PRIOR2 ( ^!1 ! ?+S
T >E PRIOR 9 DEF9I;N D N CO9CIDE ) ^? T
>E PRIOR 9 REL,N 6P]CEP;N4 ,= 9 DEF9I;N
UNIV]SALS >E PRIOR1 9 REL,N 6P]CEP;N
9DIVIDUALS4 ,& 9 DEF9I;N AL ! A3ID5T IS
PRIOR 6! :OLE1 E4G4 ,8MUSICAL0' TO
,8MUSICAL MAN0'1 =! DEF9I;N _C EXI/ Z A
:OLE )\T ! "P2 YET MUSICAL;S _C EXI/
UN.S "! IS "S "O :O IS MUSICAL4
  7#C7 ,! ATTRIBUTES ( PRIOR ?+S >E
CALL$ PRIOR1 E4G4 /RAI<T;S IS PRIOR
6SMOO?;S2 = "O IS AN ATTRIBUTE (A L9E Z
S*1 &! O!R (A SURFACE4
  ,"S ?+S !N >E CALL$ PRIOR & PO/]IOR 9
? S5SE1 O!RS 7#D7 9 RESPECT ( NATURE &
SUB/.E1 I4E4 ^? : C 2 )\T O!R ?+S1 :ILE
! O!RS _C 2 )\T !M1-A 4T9C;N : ,PLATO
US$4 7,IF WE 3SID] ! V>I\S S5SES (
,82+0'1 F/LY ! SUBJECT IS PRIOR1 S T
SUB/.E IS PRIOR2 SECONDLY1 AC Z POT5CY
OR -PLETE R1L;Y IS TAK5 96A3.T1 DI6]5T
?+S >E PRIOR1 = "S ?+S >E PRIOR 9
RESPECT ( POT5CY1 O!RS 9 RESPECT (
-PLETE R1L;Y1 E4G4 9 POT5CY ! HALF L9E
IS PRIOR 6! :OLE L9E1 &! "P 6! :OLE1 &!
MATT] 6! 3CRETE SUB/.E1 B 9 -PLETE R1L;Y
^! >E PO/]IOR2 = X IS ONLY :5 ! :OLE HAS
BE5 4SOLV$ T !Y W EXI/ 9 -PLETE R1L;Y47
,9 A S5SE1 "!=E1 ALL ?+S T >E CALL$
PRIOR & PO/]IOR >E S CALL$ ) REF];E 6?
F\R? S5SE2 = "S ?+S C EXI/ )\T O!RS 9
RESPECT ( G5],N1 E4G4 ! :OLE )\T ! "PS1
& O!RS 9 RESPECT ( 4SOLU;N1 E4G4 ! "P
)\T ! :OLE4 ,&! SAME IS TRUE 9 ALL O!R
CASES4
                  #AB
  ,8,POT5CY0' M1NS 7#A7 A S\RCE ( MOVE;T
OR *ANGE1 : IS 9 ANO!R ?+ ?AN ! ?+ MOV$
OR 9 ! SAME ?+ QUA O!R2 E4G4 ! >T (
BUILD+ IS A POT5CY : IS N 9 ! ?+ BUILT1
:ILE ! >T ( H1L+1 : IS A POT5CY1 MAY 2 9
! MAN H1L$1 B N 9 HM QUA H1L$4
,8,POT5CY0' !N M1NS ! S\RCE1 9 G5]AL1 (
*ANGE OR MOVE;T 9 ANO!R ?+ OR 9 ! SAME
?+ QUA O!R1 & AL 7#B7 ! S\RCE (A ?+'S 2+
MOV$ 0ANO!R ?+ OR 0XF QUA O!R4 ,= 9
VIRTUE ( T PR9CIPLE1 9 VIRTUE ( : A
PATI5T SU6]S ANY?+1 WE CALL X ,8CAPA#0'
( SU6]+2 & ? WE D "S"TS IF X SU6]S ANY?+
AT ALL1 "S"TS N 9 RESPECT ( "EY?+ X
SU6]S1 B ONLY IF X SU6]S A *ANGE =!
BETT]--7#C7 ,! CAPAC;Y ( P]=M+ ? WELL OR
AC 69T5;N2 = "S"TS WE SAY ( ^? :O M]ELY
C WALK OR SP1K B N WELL OR N Z !Y 9T5D1
T !Y _C SP1K OR WALK4 ,S TOO 7#D7 9 !
CASE ( PASSIV;Y--7#E7 ,! /ATES 9 VIRTUE
( : ?+S >E ABSOLUTELY IMPASSIVE OR
UN*ANGEA#1 OR N EASILY *ANG$ =! WORSE1
>E CALL$ POT5CIES2 = ?+S >E BROK5 &
CRU%$ & B5T & 9 G5]AL DE/ROY$ N 0HAV+ A
POT5CY B 0N HAV+ "O & 0LACK+ "S?+1 & ?+S
>E IMPASSIVE ) RESPECT 6S* PROCESSES IF
!Y >E SC>CELY & SLI<TLY A6ECT$ 0!M1 2C (
A ,8POT5CY0' & 2C !Y ,8C0' D "S?+ & >E 9
"S POSITIVE /ATE4
  ,8,POT5CY0' HAV+ ? V>IETY ( M1N+S1 S
TOO ! ,8POT5T0' OR ,8CAPA#0' 9 "O S5SE W
M1N T : C 2G9 A MOVE;T 7OR A *ANGE 9
G5]AL1 = EV5 T : C BR+ ?+S 6RE/ IS A
,8POT5T0' ?+7 9 ANO!R ?+ OR 9 XF QUA
O!R2 & 9 "O S5SE T OV] : "S?+ ELSE HAS
S* A POT5CY2 & 9 "O S5SE T : HAS A
POT5CY ( *ANG+ 96"S?+1 :E!R =! WORSE OR
=! BETT] 7= EV5 T : P]I%ES IS ?"\ 6BE
,8CAPA#0' ( P]I%+1 = X WD N H P]I%$ IF X
_H N BE5 CAPA# ( X2 B1 Z A MATT] ( FACT1
X HAS A C]TA9 4POSI;N & CAUSE & PR9CIPLE
: FITS X 6SU6] ?2 "S"TS X IS ?"\ 6BE ( ?
SORT 2C X HAS "S?+1 "S"TS 2C X IS
DEPRIV$ ( "S?+2 B IF PRIV,N IS 9 A S5SE
,8HAV+0' OR ,8HABIT0'1 "EY?+ W 2 CAPA#
0HAV+ "S?+1 S T ?+S >E CAPA# BO? 0HAV+ A
POSITIVE HABIT & PR9CIPLE1 & 0HAV+ !
PRIV,N ( ?1 IF X IS POSSI# 6H A PRIV,N2
& IF PRIV,N IS N 9 A S5SE ,8HABIT0'1
,8CAPA#0' IS US$ 9 TWO 4T9CT S5SES72 &A
?+ IS CAPA# 9 ANO!R S5SE 2C NEI ANY O!R
?+1 NOR XF QUA O!R1 HAS A POT5CY OR
PR9CIPLE : C DE/ROY X4 ,AG1 ALL ( ^! >E
CAPA# EI M]ELY 2C ! ?+ MI<T *.E 6HAPP5
OR N 6HAPP51 OR 2C X MI<T D S WELL4 ,?
SORT ( POT5CY IS F.D EV5 9 LIFE.S ?+S1
E4G4 9 9/RU;TS2 = WE SAY "O LYRE C SP1K1
& ANO!R _C SP1K AT ALL1 IF X HAS N A GD
T"O4
  ,9CAPAC;Y IS PRIV,N ( CAPAC;Y-I4E4 (
S* A PR9CIPLE Z HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ EI 9
G5]AL OR 9 ! CASE ( "S?+ T WD NATUR,Y H
! CAPAC;Y1 OR EV5 AT ! "T :5 X WD
NATUR,Y ALR H X2 =! S5SES 9 : WE %D CALL
A BOY &A MAN &A EUNU* ,89CAPA# (
2GETT+0' >E 4T9CT4-,AG1 6EI K9D (
CAPAC;Y "! IS AN OPPOSITE 9CAPAC;Y-BO?
6T : ONLY C PRODUCE MOVE;T & 6T : C
PRODUCE X WELL4
  ,"S ?+S1 !N1 >E CALL$ ADUNATA 9 VIRTUE
( ? K9D ( 9CAPAC;Y1 :ILE O!RS >E S 9
ANO!R S5SE2 I4E4 BO? DUNATON & ADUNATON
>E US$ Z FOLL[S4 ,! IMPOSSI# IS T ( : !
3TR>Y IS ( NECESS;Y TRUE1 E4G4 T !
DIAGONAL (A SQU>E IS -M5SURATE )! SIDE
IS IMPOSSI#1 2C S* A /ATE;T IS A FALS;Y
( : ! 3TR>Y IS N ONLY TRUE B AL NEC2 T X
IS -M5SURATE1 !N1 IS N ONLY FALSE B AL (
NECESS;Y FALSE4 ,! 3TR>Y ( ?1 ! POSSI#1
IS F.D :5 X IS N NEC T ! 3TR>Y IS FALSE1
E4G4 T A MAN %D 2 S1T$ IS POSSI#2 = T HE
IS N S1T$ IS N ( NECESS;Y FALSE4 ,!
POSSI#1 !N1 9 "O S5SE1 Z HAS BE5 SD1
M1NS T : IS N ( NECESS;Y FALSE2 9 "O1 T
: IS TRUE2 9 "O1 T : MAY 2 TRUE4-,A
,8POT5CY0' OR ,8P[]0' 9 GEOMETRY IS S
CALL$ 0A *ANGE ( M1N+4-,^! S5SES (
,8CAPA#0' OR ,8POSSI#0' 9VOLVE NO REF];E
6POT5CY4 ,B ! S5SES : 9VOLVE A REF];E
6POT5CY ALL REF] 6! PRIM>Y K9D ( POT5CY2
& ? IS A S\RCE ( *ANGE 9 ANO!R ?+ OR 9 !
SAME ?+ QUA O!R4 ,= O!R ?+S >E CALL$
,8CAPA#0'1 "S 2C "S?+ ELSE HAS S* A
POT5CY OV] !M1 "S 2C X HAS N1 "S 2C X
HAS X 9 A "PICUL> WAY4 ,! SAME IS TRUE (
! ?+S T >E 9CAPA#4 ,"!=E ! PROP] DEF9I;N
(! PRIM>Y K9D ( POT5CY W 2 'A S\RCE (
*ANGE 9 ANO!R ?+ OR 9 ! SAME ?+ QUA
O!R0'4
                  #AC
  ,8,QUANTUM0' M1NS T : IS DIVISI# 96TWO
OR M 3/ITU5T "PS ( : EA* IS 0NATURE A
,8"O0' &A ,8?0'4 ,A QUANTUM IS A
PLURAL;Y IF X IS NUM]A#1 A MAGNITUDE IF
X IS A M1SURA#4 ,8,PLURAL;Y0' M1NS T :
IS DIVISI# POT5TI,Y 96NON-3T9U\S "PS1
,8MAGNITUDE0' T : IS DIVISI# 963T9U\S
"PS2 ( MAGNITUDE1 T : IS 3T9U\S 9 "O
DIM5.N IS L5G?2 9 TWO BR1D?1 9 ?REE
DEP?4 ,( ^!1 LIMIT$ PLURAL;Y IS NUMB]1
LIMIT$ L5G? IS A L9E1 BR1D? A SURFACE1
DEP? A SOLID4
  ,AG1 "S ?+S >E CALL$ QUANTA 9 VIRTUE (
_! [N NATURE1 O!RS 9CID5T,Y2 E4G4 ! L9E
IS A QUANTUM 0XS [N NATURE1 ! MUSICAL IS
"O 9CID5T,Y4 ,(! ?+S T >E QUANTA 0_! [N
NATURE "S >E S Z SUB/.ES1 E4G4 ! L9E IS
A QUANTUM 7= 'A C]TA9 K9D ( QUANTUM0' IS
PRES5T 9 ! DEF9I;N : /ATES :AT X IS71 &
O!RS >E MODIFIC,NS & /ATES ( ? K9D (
SUB/.E1 E4G4 M* & LL1 L;G & %ORT1 BROAD
& N>R[1 DEEP & %ALL[1 H1VY & LI<T1 & ALL
O!R S* ATTRIBUTES4 ,& AL GRT & SMALL1 &
GRT] & SMALL]1 BO? 9 !MVS & :5 TAK5
RELATIVELY 6EA* O!R1 >E 0_! [N NATURE
ATTRIBUTES ( :AT IS QUANTITATIVE2 B ^!
"NS >E TRANSF]R$ 6O!R ?+S AL4 ,( ?+S T
>E QUANTA 9CID5T,Y1 "S >E S CALL$ 9 !
S5SE 9 : X 0 SD T ! MUSICAL &! :ITE 7
QUANTA1 VIZ4 2C T 6: MUSICAL;S & :ITE;S
2L;G IS A QUANTUM1 & "S >E QUANTA 9 !
WAY 9 : MOVE;T & "T >E S2 = ^! AL >E
CALL$ QUANTA (A SORT & 3T9U\S 2C ! ?+S (
: ^! >E ATTRIBUTES >E DIVISI#4 ,I M1N N
T : IS MOV$1 B ! SPACE "? : X IS MOV$2 =
2C T IS A QUANTUM MOVE;T AL IS A
QUANTUM1 & 2C ? IS A QUANTUM "T IS "O4
                  #AD
  ,8,QUAL;Y0' M1NS 7#A7 ! DI6]5TIA (!
ESS;E1 E4G4 MAN IS AN ANIMAL (A C]TA9
QUAL;Y 2C HE IS TWO-FOOT$1 &! HORSE IS S
2C X IS F\R-FOOT$2 &A CIRCLE IS A FIGURE
( "PICUL> QUAL;Y 2C X IS )\T ANGLES1-:
%[S T ! ESS5TIAL DI6]5TIA IS A QUAL;Y4-
,?1 !N1 IS "O M1N+ ( QUAL;Y-! DI6]5TIA (
! ESS;E1 B 7#B7 "! IS ANO!R S5SE 9 : X
APPLIES 6! UNMOVA# OBJECTS ( MA!MATICS1
! S5SE 9 : ! NUMB]S H A C]TA9 QUAL;Y1
E4G4 ! -POSITE NUMB]S : >E N 9 "O DIM5.N
ONLY1 B ( : ! PLANE &! SOLID >E COPIES
7^! >E ^? : H TWO OR ?REE FACTORS72 & 9
G5]AL T : EXI/S 9 ! ESS;E ( NUMB]S 2SS
QUANT;Y IS QUAL;Y2 =! ESS;E ( EA* IS :AT
X IS ONCE1 E4G4 T ( IS N :AT X IS TWICE
OR ?RICE1 B :AT X IS ONCE2 = #F IS ONCE
#F4
  7#C7 ,ALL ! MODIFIC,NS ( SUB/.ES T
MOVE 7E4G4 H1T & COLD1 :ITE;S & BLACK;S1
H1VI;S & LI<T;S1 &! O!RS (! SORT7 9
VIRTUE ( :1 :5 !Y *ANGE1 BODIES >E SD
6ALT]4 7#D7 ,QUAL;Y 9 RESPECT ( VIRTUE &
VICE1 & 9 G5]AL1 ( EVIL & GD4
  ,QUAL;Y1 !N1 SEEMS 6H PRACTIC,Y TWO
M1N+S1 & "O ( ^! IS ! M PROP]4 ,! PRIM>Y
QUAL;Y IS ! DI6]5TIA (! ESS;E1 &( ? !
QUAL;Y 9 NUMB]S IS A "P2 = X IS A
DI6]5TIA ( ESS;ES1 B EI N ( ?+S T MOVE
OR N ( !M QUA MOV+4 ,SECONDLY1 "! >E !
MODIFIC,NS ( ?+S T MOVE1 QUA MOV+1 &!
DI6]5TIAE ( MOVE;TS4 ,VIRTUE & VICE FALL
AM;G ^! MODIFIC,NS2 = !Y 9DICATE
DI6]5TIAE (! MOVE;T OR ACTIV;Y1 AC 6: !
?+S 9 MO;N ACT OR >E ACT$ ON WELL OR
BADLY2 = T : C 2 MOV$ OR ACT 9 "O WAY IS
GD1 & T : C D S 9 ANO!R--! 3TR>Y--WAY IS
VICI\S4 ,GD & EVIL 9DICATE QUAL;Y
ESPECI,Y 9 LIV+ ?+S1 & AM;G ^! ESPECI,Y
9 ^? : H PURPOSE4
                  #AE
  ,?+S >E ,8RELATIVE0' 7#A7 Z D\# 6HALF1
& TRE# 6A ?IRD1 & 9 G5]AL T : 3TA9S "S?+
ELSE _M "TS 6T : IS 3TA9$ _M "TS 9 "S?+
ELSE1 & T : EXCE$S 6T : IS EXCE$$2 7#B7
Z T : C H1T 6T : C 2 H1T$1 & T : C CUT
6T : C 2 CUT1 & 9 G5]AL ! ACTIVE 6!
PASSIVE2 7#C7 Z ! M1SURA# 6! M1SURE1 &!
"KA# 6K1 &! P]CEPTI# 6P]CEP;N4
  7#A7 ,RELATIVE T]MS (! F/ K9D >E
NUM]IC,Y RELAT$ EI 9DEF9ITELY OR
DEF9ITELY1 6NUMB]S !MVS OR 6#A4 ,E4G4 !
D\# IS 9 A DEF9ITE NUM]ICAL REL,N 6#A1 &
T : IS ,8_M "TS Z GRT0' IS 9 A NUM]ICAL1
B N A DEF9ITE1 REL,N 6#A1 I4E4 N 9 ? OR
9 T NUM]ICAL REL,N 6X2 ! REL,N ( T : IS
HALF Z BIG AG Z "S?+ ELSE 6T "S?+ IS A
DEF9ITE NUM]ICAL REL,N 6A NUMB]2 T : IS
;N@+,I/N "TS "S?+ ELSE IS 9 AN 9DEF9ITE
REL,N 6T "S?+1 Z T : IS ,8_M "TS Z GRT0'
IS 9 AN 9DEF9ITE REL,N 6#A2 ! REL,N ( T
: EXCE$S 6T : IS EXCE$$ IS NUM]IC,Y Q
9DEF9ITE2 = NUMB] IS ALW -M5SURATE1 &
,8NUMB]0' IS N PR$ICAT$ ( T : IS N
-M5SURATE1 B T : EXCE$S IS1 9 REL,N 6T :
IS EXCE$$1 S M* & "S?+ M2 & ? "S?+ IS
9DEF9ITE2 = X C1 9DI6]5TLY1 2 EI EQUAL
OR N EQUAL 6T : IS EXCE$$4-,ALL ^!
REL,NS1 !N1 >E NUM]IC,Y EXPRESS$ & >E
DET]M9,NS ( NUMB]1 & S 9 ANO!R WAY >E !
EQUAL &! L &! SAME4 ,= ALL REF] 6UN;Y4
,^? ?+S >E ! SAME ^: SUB/.E IS "O2 ^? >E
L ^: QUAL;Y IS "O2 ^? >E EQUAL ^:
QUANT;Y IS "O2 & #A IS ! 2G9N+ & M1SURE
( NUMB]1 S T ALL ^! REL,NS IMPLY NUMB]1
?\< N 9 ! SAME WAY4
  7#B7 ,?+S T >E ACTIVE OR PASSIVE IMPLY
AN ACTIVE OR A PASSIVE POT5CY &!
ACTUALIZ,NS (! POT5CIES2 E4G4 T : IS
CAPA# ( H1T+ IS RELAT$ 6T : IS CAPA# (
2+ H1T$1 2C X C H1T X1 &1 AG1 T : H1TS
IS RELAT$ 6T : IS H1T$ & T : CUTS 6T :
IS CUT1 9 ! S5SE T !Y ACTU,Y D ^! ?+S4
,B NUM]ICAL REL,NS >E N ACTUALIZ$ EXCEPT
9 ! S5SE : HAS BE5 ELSE": /AT$2
ACTUALIZ,NS 9 ! S5SE ( MOVE;T !Y H N4 ,(
REL,NS : IMPLY POT5CY "S FUR!R IMPLY
"PICUL> P]IODS ( "T1 E4G4 T : HAS MADE
IS RELATIVE 6T : HAS BE5 MADE1 & T : W
MAKE 6T : W 2 MADE4 ,= X IS 9 ? WAY T A
"F IS CALL$ ! "F ( 8 SON2 =! "O HAS ACT$
&! O!R HAS BE5 ACT$ ON 9 A C]TA9 WAY4
,FUR!R1 "S RELATIVE T]MS IMPLY PRIV,N (
POT5CY1 I4E4 ,89CAPA#0' & T]MS ( ? SORT1
E4G4 ,89VISI#0'4
  ,RELATIVE T]MS : IMPLY NUMB] OR
POT5CY1 "!=E1 >E ALL RELATIVE 2C _! V
ESS;E 9CLUDES 9 XS NATURE A REF];E 6"S?+
ELSE1 N 2C "S?+ ELSE 9VOLVES A REF];E
6X2 B 7#C7 T : IS M1SURA# OR "KA# OR
?9KA# IS CALL$ RELATIVE 2C "S?+ ELSE
9VOLVES A REF];E 6X4 ,= ,8T : IS ?9KA#0'
IMPLIES T ! ?"\ ( X IS POSSI#1 B ! ?"\
IS N RELATIVE TO ,8T ( : X IS ! ?"\0'2 =
WE %D !N H SD ! SAME ?+ TWICE4 ,SIMIL>LY
SI<T IS ! SI<T ( "S?+1 N ,8( T ( : X IS
! SI<T0' 7?\< ( C\RSE X IS TRUE 6SAY ?72
9 FACT X IS RELATIVE 6COL\R OR 6"S?+
ELSE (! SORT4 ,B AC 6! O!R WAY ( SP1K+ !
SAME ?+ WD 2 SD TWICE1-,8! SI<T IS ( T (
: X IS40'
  ,?+S T >E 0_! [N NATURE CALL$ RELATIVE
>E CALL$ S "S"TS 9 ^! S5SES1 "S"TS IF !
CLASSES T 9CLUDE !M >E ( ? SORT2 E4G4
M$IC9E IS A RELATIVE T]M 2C XS G5US1
SCI;E1 IS ?"\ 6BE A RELATIVE T]M4
,FUR!R1 "! >E ! PROP]TIES 9 VIRTUE ( : !
?+S T H !M >E CALL$ RELATIVE1 E4G4
EQUAL;Y IS RELATIVE 2C ! EQUAL IS1 &
LIKE;S 2C ! L IS4 ,O!R ?+S >E RELATIVE
0A3ID5T2 E4G4 A MAN IS RELATIVE 2C HE
HAPP5S 6BE D\# ( "S?+ & D\# IS A
RELATIVE T]M2 OR ! :ITE IS RELATIVE1 IF
! SAME ?+ HAPP5S 6BE D\# & :ITE4
                  #AF
  ,:AT IS CALL$ ,8-PLETE0' IS 7#A7 T
\TSIDE : X IS N POSSI# 6F9D ANY1 EV5 "O1
( XS "PS2 E4G4 ! -PLETE "T ( EA* ?+ IS T
\TSIDE : X IS N POSSI# 6F9D ANY "T : IS
A "P PROP] 6X4-7#B7 ,T : 9 RESPECT (
EXCELL;E & GD;S _C 2 EXCELL$ 9 XS K9D2
E4G4 WE H A -PLETE DOCTOR OR A -PLETE
FLUTE-PLAY]1 :5 !Y LACK NO?+ 9 RESPECT (
! =M ( _! PROP] EXCELL;E4 ,& ?US1
TRANSF]R+ ! ^W 6BAD ?+S1 WE SP1K (A
-PLETE SC&AL-M;G] &A -PLETE ?IEF2 9DE$
WE EV5 CALL !M GD1 I4E4 A GD ?IEF &A GD
SC&AL-M;G]4 ,& EXCELL;E IS A -PLE;N2 =
EA* ?+ IS -PLETE & E SUB/.E IS -PLETE1
:5 9 RESPECT (! =M ( XS PROP] EXCELL;E X
LACKS NO "P ( XS NATURAL MAGNITUDE4-7#C7
,! ?+S : H ATTA9$ _! 5D1 ? 2+ GD1 >E
CALL$ -PLETE2 = ?+S >E -PLETE 9 VIRTUE (
HAV+ ATTA9$ _! 5D4 ,"!=E1 S9CE ! 5D IS
"S?+ ULTIMATE1 WE TRANSF] ! ^W 6BAD ?+S
& SAY A ?+ HAS BE5 -PLETELY SPOILT1 &
-PLETELY DE/ROY$1 :5 X 9 NO WISE FALLS
%ORT ( DE/RUC;N & BAD;S1 B IS AT XS LA/
PO9T4 ,? IS :Y D1?1 TOO1 IS 0A FIGURE (
SPEE* CALL$ ! 5D1 2C BO? >E LA/ ?+S4 ,B
! ULTIMATE PURPOSE IS AL AN 5D4-,?+S1
!N1 T >E CALL$ -PLETE 9 VIRTUE ( _! [N
NATURE >E S CALL$ 9 ALL ^! S5SES1 "S 2C
9 RESPECT ( GD;S !Y LACK NO?+ & _C 2
EXCELL$ & NO "P PROP] 6!M C 2 F.D \TSIDE
!M1 O!RS 9 G5]AL 2C !Y _C 2 EXCE$$ 9 _!
S"EAL CLASSES & NO "P PROP] 6!M IS
\TSIDE !M2 ! O!RS PRESUPPOSE ^! F/ TWO
K9DS1 & >E CALL$ -PLETE 2C !Y EI MAKE OR
H "S?+ (! SORT OR >E ADAPT$ 6X OR 9 "S
WAY OR O!R 9VOLVE A REF];E 6! ?+S T >E
CALL$ -PLETE 9 ! PRIM>Y S5SE4
                  #AG
  ,8,LIMIT0' M1NS 7#A7 ! LA/ PO9T ( EA*
?+1 I4E4 ! F/ PO9T 2Y : X IS N POSSI#
6F9D ANY "P1 &! F/ PO9T )9 : E "P IS2
7#B7 ! =M1 :AT"E X MAY BE1 (A SPATIAL
MAGNITUDE OR (A ?+ T HAS MAGNITUDE2 7#C7
! 5D ( EA* ?+ 7&( ? NATURE IS T T[>DS :
! MOVE;T &! AC;N >E1 N T F : !Y >E-?\<
"S"TS X IS BO?1 T F : & T 6: ! MOVE;T
IS1 I4E4 ! F9AL CAUSE72 7#D7 ! SUB/.E (
EA* ?+1 &! ESS;E ( EA*2 = ? IS ! LIMIT (
K2 & IF ( K1 (! OBJECT AL4 ,EVID5TLY1
"!=E1 ,8LIMIT0' HAS Z _M S5SES Z
,82G9N+0'1 & YET M2 =! 2G9N+ IS A LIMIT1
B N E LIMIT IS A 2G9N+4
                  #AH
  ,8,T 9 VIRTUE ( :0' HAS S"EAL M1N+S3-
7#A7 ! =M OR SUB/.E ( EA* ?+1 E4G4 T 9
VIRTUE ( : A MAN IS GD IS ! GD XF1 7#B7
! PROXIMATE SUBJECT 9 : X IS ! NATURE (
AN ATTRIBUTE 6BE F.D1 E4G4 COL\R 9 A
SURFACE4 ,8,T 9 VIRTUE ( :0'1 !N1 9 !
PRIM>Y S5SE IS ! =M1 & 9 A SECOND>Y S5SE
! MATT] ( EA* ?+ &! PROXIMATE SUB/RATUM
( EA*4-,IN G5]AL ,8T 9 VIRTUE ( :0' W
F.D 9 ! SAME NUMB] ( S5SES Z ,8CAUSE0'2
= WE SAY 9DI6]5TLY 7#C7 9 VIRTUE ( :AT
HAS HE -E80' OR ,8= :AT 5D HAS HE -E80'2
& 7#D7 9 VIRTUE ( :AT HAS HE 9F]R$
WR;GLY1 OR 9F]R$80' OR ,8:AT IS ! CAUSE
(! 9F];E1 OR (! WR;G 9F];E8'-,FUR!R 7#E7
,KA?0' ;D IS US$ 9 REF];E 6POSI;N1 E4G4
,8AT : HE /&S0' OR ,8AL;G : HE WALKS2 =
ALL S* PHRASES 9DICATE PLACE & POSI;N4
  ,"!=E ,8IN VIRTUE ( XF0' M/ LIKEWISE H
S"EAL M1N+S4 ,! FOLL[+ 2L;G 6A ?+ 9
VIRTUE ( XF3-7#A7 ! ESS;E ( EA* ?+1 E4G4
,CALLIAS IS 9 VIRTUE ( HMF ,CALLIAS &
:AT X 0 6BE ,CALLIAS2-7#B7 :AT"E IS
PRES5T 9 ! ,8:AT0'1 E4G4 ,CALLIAS IS 9
VIRTUE ( HMF AN ANIMAL4 ,= ,8ANIMAL0' IS
PRES5T 9 8 DEF9I;N2 ,CALLIAS IS A
"PICUL> ANIMAL4-7#C7 ,:AT"E ATTRIBUTE A
?+ RCVS 9 XF DIRECTLY OR 9 "O ( XS "PS2
E4G4 A SURFACE IS :ITE 9 VIRTUE ( XF1 &A
MAN IS ALIVE 9 VIRTUE ( HMF2 =! S\L1 9 :
LIFE DIRECTLY RESIDES1 IS A "P (! MAN4-
7#D7 ,T : HAS NO CAUSE O!R ?AN XF2 MAN
HAS M ?AN "O CAUSE--ANIMAL1 TWO-FOOT$--B
YET MAN IS MAN 9 VIRTUE ( HMF4-7#E7
,:AT"E ATTRIBUTES 2L;G 6A ?+ AL"O1 & 9 S
F> Z !Y 2L;G 6X M]ELY 0VIRTUE ( XF
3SID]$ A"P 0XF4
                  #AI
  ,8,4POSI;N0' M1NS ! >RANGE;T ( T : HAS
"PS1 9 RESPECT EI ( PLACE OR ( POT5CY OR
( K9D2 = "! M/ 2 A C]TA9 POSI;N1 Z EV5 !
^W ,84POSI;N0' %[S4
                  #BJ
  ,8,HAV+0' M1NS 7#A7 A K9D ( ACTIV;Y (!
HAV] &( :AT HE HAS-"S?+ L AN AC;N OR
MOVE;T4 ,= :5 "O ?+ MAKES & "O IS MADE1
2T !M "! IS A MAK+2 S TOO 2T HM :O HAS A
G>;T &! G>;T : HE HAS "! IS A HAV+4 ,?
SORT ( HAV+1 !N1 EVID5TLY WE _C H2 =!
PROCESS W G ON 69F9;Y1 IF X IS 6BE
POSSI# 6H ! HAV+ ( :AT WE H4-7#B7
,8,HAV+0' OR ,8HABIT0' M1NS A 4POSI;N AC
6: T : IS 4POS$ IS EI WELL OR ILL 4POS$1
& EI 9 XF OR ) REF];E 6"S?+ ELSE2 E4G4
H1L? IS A ,8HABIT0'2 = X IS S* A
4POSI;N4-7#C7 ,WE SP1K (A ,8HABIT0' IF
"! IS A POR;N ( S* A 4POSI;N2 & S EV5 !
EXCELL;E (! "PS IS A ,8HABIT0' (! :OLE
?+4
                  #BA
  ,8,A6EC;N0' M1NS 7#A7 A QUAL;Y 9
RESPECT ( : A ?+ C 2 ALT]$1 E4G4 :ITE &
BLACK1 SWEET & BITT]1 H1VI;S & LI<T;S1 &
ALL O!RS (! K9D4-7#B7 ,! ACTUALIZ,N (
^!-! ALR A3OMPLI%$ ALT],NS4-7#C7
,ESPECI,Y1 9JURI\S ALT],NS & MOVE;TS1 &1
ABV ALL PA9;L 9JURIES4-7#D7 ,MIS=TUNES &
PA9;L EXP]I;ES :5 ON A L>GE SCALE >E
CALL$ A6EC;NS4
                  #BB
  ,WE SP1K ( ,8PRIV,N0' 7#A7 IF "S?+ HAS
N "O (! ATTRIBUTES : A ?+ MI<T NATUR,Y
H1 EV5 IF ? ?+ XF WD N NATUR,Y H X2 E4G4
A PLANT IS SD 6BE ,8DEPRIV$0' ( EYES4-
7#B7 ,IF1 ?\< EI ! ?+ XF OR XS G5US WD
NATUR,Y H AN ATTRIBUTE1 X HAS X N2 E4G4
A BL MAN &A MOLE >E 9 DI6]5T S5SES
,8DEPRIV$0' ( SI<T2 ! LATT] 9 3TRA/ ) XS
G5US1 ! =M] 9 3TRA/ ) 8 [N NORMAL
NATURE4-7#C7 ,IF1 ?\< X WD NATUR,Y H !
ATTRIBUTE1 & :5 X WD NATUR,Y H X1 X HAS
X N2 = BL;S IS A PRIV,N1 B "O IS N
,8BL0' AT ANY & E AGE1 B ONLY IF "O HAS
N SI<T AT ! AGE AT : "O WD NATUR,Y H X4
,SIMIL>LY A ?+ IS CALL$ BL IF X HAS N
SI<T 9 ! M$IUM 9 :1 & 9 RESPECT (! ORGAN
9 RESPECT ( :1 &) REF];E 6! OBJECT )
REF];E 6:1 & 9 ! CIRCUM/.ES 9 :1 X WD
NATUR,Y H X4-7#D7 ,! VIOL5T TAK+ AWAY (
ANY?+ IS CALL$ PRIV,N4
  ,9DE$ "! >E J Z _M K9DS ( PRIV,NS Z "!
>E ( ^WS ) NEGATIVE PREFIXES2 =A ?+ IS
CALL$ UNEQUAL 2C X HAS N EQUAL;Y ?\< X
WD NATUR,Y H X1 & 9VISI# EI 2C X HAS NO
COL\R AT ALL OR 2C X HAS A POOR COL\R1 &
APOD\S EI 2C X HAS NO FEET AT ALL OR 2C
X HAS IMP]FECT FEET4 ,AG1 A PRIVATIVE
T]M MAY 2 US$ 2C ! ?+ HAS LL (!
ATTRIBUTE 7& ? M1NS HAV+ X 9 A S5SE
IMP]FECTLY71 E4G4 ,8K]NEL-LESS0'2 OR 2C
X HAS X N EASILY OR N WELL 7E4G4 WE CALL
A ?+ UNCUTTA# N ONLY IF X _C 2 CUT B AL
IF X _C 2 CUT EASILY OR WELL72 OR 2C X
HAS N ! ATTRIBUTE AT ALL2 = X IS N ! "O-
EY$ MAN B HE :O IS SI<T.S 9 BO? EYES T
IS CALL$ BL4 ,? IS :Y N E MAN IS ,8GD0'
OR ,8BAD0'1 ,8J0' OR ,8UNJU/0'1 B "! IS
AL AN 9T]M$IATE /ATE4
                  #BC
  ,TO ,8H0' OR ,8HOLD0' M1NS _M ?+S3-
7#A7 6TR1T A ?+ AC 6"O'S [N NATURE OR AC
6"O'S [N IMPULSE2 S T FEV] IS SD 6H A
MAN1 & TYRANTS 6H _! CITIES1 & P 6H !
CLO!S !Y WE>4-7#B7 ,T 9 : A ?+ IS PRES5T
Z 9 "S?+ RECEPTIVE ( X IS SD 6H ! ?+2
E4G4 ! BRONZE HAS ! =M (! /ATUE1 &! BODY
HAS ! 41SE4-7#C7 ,Z T : 3TA9S HOLDS !
?+S 3TA9$2 =A ?+ IS SD 6BE HELD 0T 9 : X
IS Z 9 A 3TA9]2 E4G4 WE SAY T ! VESSEL
HOLDS ! LIQUID &! C;Y HOLDS M5 &! %IP
SAILORS2 & S TOO T ! :OLE HOLDS ! "PS4-
7#D7 ,T : H9D]S A ?+ F MOV+ OR ACT+ AC
6XS [N IMPULSE IS SD 6HOLD X1 Z PILL>S
HOLD ! 9CUMB5T WEI<TS1 & Z ! POETS MAKE
,ATLAS HOLD ! H1V5S1 IMPLY+ T O!RWISE !Y
WD COLLAPSE ON ! E>?1 Z "S (! NATURAL
PHILOSOPH]S AL SAY4 ,9 ? WAY AL T :
HOLDS ?+S TGR IS SD 6HOLD ! ?+S X HOLDS
TGR1 S9CE !Y WD O!RWISE SEP>ATE1 EA* AC
6XS [N IMPULSE4
  ,8,2+ 9 "S?+0' HAS SIMIL> &
CORRESPOND+ M1N+S TO ,8HOLD+0' OR
,8HAV+0'4
                  #BD
  ,86-E F "S?+0' M1NS 7#A7 6-E F "S?+ Z
F MATT]1 & ? 9 TWO S5SES1 EI 9 RESPECT (
! HI<E/ G5US OR 9 RESPECT (! L[E/
SPECIES2 E4G4 9 A S5SE ALL ?+S T C 2
MELT$ -E F WAT]1 B 9 A S5SE ! /ATUE -ES
F BRONZE4-7#B7 ,Z F ! F/ MOV+ PR9CIPLE2
E4G4 ,8:AT DID ! FI<T -E F80' ,F ABUSIVE
LANGUAGE1 2C ? 0 ! ORIG9 (! FI<T4-7#C7
,F ! -P.D ( MATT] & %APE1 Z ! "PS -E F !
:OLE1 &! V]SE F ! ,ILIAD1 &! /"OS F !
H\SE2 7IN E S* CASE ! :OLE IS A -P.D (
MATT] & %APE17 =! %APE IS ! 5D1 & ONLY T
: ATTA9S AN 5D IS -PLETE4-7#D7 ,Z ! =M F
XS "P1 E4G4 MAN F ,8TWO-FOOT$'& SYLLA# F
,8LR0'2 = ? IS A DI6]5T S5SE F T 9 : !
/ATUE -ES F BRONZE2 =! -POSITE SUB/.E
-ES F ! S5SI# MATT]1 B ! =M AL -ES F !
MATT] (! =M4-,"S ?+S1 !N1 >E SD 6-E F
"S?+ ELSE 9 ^! S5SES2 B 7#E7 O!RS >E S
DESCRIB$ IF "O ( ^! S5SES IS APPLICA# 6A
"P ( T O!R ?+2 E4G4 ! * -ES F XS "F &
"M1 & PLANTS -E F ! E>?1 2C !Y -E F A "P
( ^? ?+S4-7#F7 ,X M1NS -+ AF A ?+ 9 "T1
E4G4 NI<T -ES F "D & /ORM F F9E W1!R1 2C
! "O -ES AF ! O!R4 ,( ^! ?+S "S >E S
DESCRIB$ 2C !Y ADMIT ( *ANGE 96"O ANO!R1
Z 9 ! CASES N[ M5;N$2 "S M]ELY 2C !Y >E
SU3ESSIVE 9 "T1 E4G4 ! VOYAGE TOOK PLACE
,8F0' ! EQUINOX1 2C X TOOK PLACE AF !
EQUINOX1 &! FE/IVAL (! ,?>GELIA -ES
,8F0' ! ,DIONYSIA1 2C AF ! ,DIONYSIA4
                  #BE
  ,8,"P0' M1NS 7#A7 7A7 T 96: A QUANTUM
C 9 ANY WAY 2 DIVID$2 = T : IS TAK5 F A
QUANTUM QUA QUANTUM IS ALW CALL$ A "P (
X1 E4G4 TWO IS CALL$ 9 A S5SE A "P (
?REE4 ,X M1NS 7B71 (! "PS 9 ! F/ S5SE1
ONLY ^? : M1SURE ! :OLE2 ? IS :Y TWO1
?\< 9 "O S5SE X IS1 9 ANO!R IS N1 CALL$
A "P ( ?REE4-7#B7 ,! ELE;TS 96: A K9D
MI<T 2 DIVID$ A"P F ! QUANT;Y >E AL
CALL$ "PS ( X2 = : R1SON WE SAY !
SPECIES >E "PS (! G5US4-7#C7 ,! ELE;TS
96: A :OLE IS DIVID$1 OR ( : X 3SI/S-!
,8:OLE0' M1N+ EI ! =M OR T : HAS ! =M2
E4G4 (! BRONZE SPH]E OR (! BRONZE CUBE
BO? ! BRONZE-I4E4 ! MATT] 9 : ! =M IS-&!
"*I/IC ANGLE >E "PS4-7#D7 ,! ELE;TS 9 !
DEF9I;N : EXPLA9S A ?+ >E AL "PS (!
:OLE2 ? IS :Y ! G5US IS CALL$ A "P (!
SPECIES1 ?\< 9 ANO!R S5SE ! SPECIES IS
"P (! G5US4
                  #BF
  ',A :OLE0' M1NS 7#A7 T F : IS ABS5T
N"O (! "PS ( : X IS SD 6BE NATUR,Y A
:OLE1 & 7#B7 T : S 3TA9S ! ?+S X 3TA9S T
!Y =M A UN;Y2 & ? 9 TWO S5SES-EI Z 2+
EA* S"E,Y "O S+LE ?+1 OR Z MAK+ UP !
UN;Y 2T !M4 ,= 7A7 T : IS TRUE (A :OLE
CLASS & IS SD 6HOLD GD Z A :OLE 7:
IMPLIES T X IS A K9D :OLE7 IS TRUE (A
:OLE 9 ! S5SE T X 3TA9S _M ?+S 02+
PR$ICAT$ ( EA*1 & 0ALL ( !M1 E4G4 MAN1
HORSE1 GOD1 2+ S"E,Y "O S+LE ?+1 2C ALL
>E LIV+ ?+S4 ,B 7B7 ! 3T9U\S & LIMIT$ IS
A :OLE1 :5 X IS A UN;Y 3SI/+ ( S"EAL
"PS1 ESPECI,Y IF !Y >E PRES5T ONLY
POT5TI,Y1 B1 FAIL+ ?1 EV5 IF !Y >E
PRES5T ACTU,Y4 ,( ^! ?+S !MVS1 ^? : >E S
0NATURE >E :OLES 9 A HI<] DEGREE ?AN ^?
: >E S 0>T1 Z WE SD 9 ! CASE ( UN;Y AL1
:OLE;S 2+ 9 FACT A SORT ( "O;S4
  ,AG 7#C7 ( QUANTA T H A 2G9N+ &A MI4LE
& AN 5D1 ^? 6: ! POSI;N DOES N MAKE A
DI6];E >E CALL$ TOTALS1 & ^? 6: X DOES1
:OLES4 ,^? : ADMIT ( BO? DESCRIP;NS >E
BO? :OLES & TOTALS4 ,^! >E ! ?+S ^:
NATURE REMA9S ! SAME AF TRANSPOSI;N1 B
^: =M DOES N1 E4G4 WAX OR A COAT2 !Y >E
CALL$ BO? :OLES & TOTALS2 = !Y H BO?
"*I/ICS4 ,WAT] & ALL LIQUIDS & NUMB] >E
CALL$ TOTALS1 B ,8! :OLE NUMB]0' OR ,8!
:OLE WAT]0' "O DOES N SP1K (1 EXCEPT 0AN
EXT5.N ( M1N+4 ,6?+S1 6: QUA "O ! T]M
,8TOTAL0' IS APPLI$1 ! T]M ,8ALL0' IS
APPLI$ :5 !Y >E TR1T$ Z SEP>ATE2 ,8?
TOTAL NUMB]10' ,8ALL ^! UNITS40'
                  #BG
  ,X IS N ANY *.E QUANTITATIVE ?+ T C 2
SD 6BE ,8MUTILAT$0'2 X M/ 2 A :OLE Z
WELL Z DIVISI#4 ,= N ONLY IS TWO N
,8MUTILAT$0' IF "O (! TWO "OS IS TAK5
AWAY 7=! "P REMOV$ 0MUTIL,N IS N"E EQUAL
6! REMA9D]71 B 9 G5]AL NO NUMB] IS ?US
MUTILAT$2 = X IS AL NEC T ! ESS;E REMA92
IF A CUP IS MUTILAT$1 X M/ / 2 A CUP2 B
! NUMB] IS NO L;G] ! SAME4 ,FUR!R1 EV5
IF ?+S 3SI/ ( UNLIKE "PS1 N EV5 ^! ?+S C
ALL 2 SD 6BE MUTILAT$1 = 9 A S5SE A
NUMB] HAS UNLIKE "PS 7E4G4 TWO & ?REE7 Z
WELL Z L2 B 9 G5]AL (! ?+S 6: _! POSI;N
MAKES NO DI6];E1 E4G4 WAT] OR FIRE1 N"O
C 2 MUTILAT$2 6BE MUTILAT$1 ?+S M/ 2 S*
Z 9 VIRTUE ( _! ESS;E H A C]TA9 POSI;N4
,AG1 !Y M/ 2 3T9U\S2 =A MUSICAL SCALE
3SI/S ( UNLIKE "PS & HAS POSI;N1 B _C
2COME MUTILAT$4 ,2SS1 N EV5 ! ?+S T >E
:OLES >E MUTILAT$ 0! PRIV,N ( ANY "P4
,=! "PS REMOV$ M/ 2 NEI ^? : DET]M9E !
ESS;E NOR ANY *.E "PS1 IRRESPECTIVE ( _!
POSI;N2 E4G4 A CUP IS N MUTILAT$ IF X IS
BOR$ "?1 B ONLY IF ! H&LE OR A PROJECT+
"P IS REMOV$1 &A MAN IS MUTILAT$ N IF !
FLE% OR ! SPLE5 IS REMOV$1 B IF AN
EXTREM;Y IS1 & T N E EXTREM;Y B "O : :5
-PLETELY REMOV$ _C GR[ AG4 ,"!=E BALD;S
IS N A MUTIL,N4
                  #BH
  ,! T]M ,8RACE0' OR ,8G5US0' IS US$
7#A7 IF G5],N ( ?+S : H ! SAME =M IS
3T9U\S1 E4G4 ,8:ILE ! RACE ( M5 LA/S0'
M1NS ,8:ILE ! G5],N ( !M GOES ON
3T9U\SLY0'4-7#B7 ,X IS US$ ) REF];E 6T :
F/ BR"\ ?+S 96EXI/;E2 = X IS ?US T "S >E
CALL$ ,HELL5ES 0RACE & O!RS ,IONIANS1 2C
! =M] PROCE$ F ,HELL5 &! LATT] F ,ION Z
_! F/ 2GETT]4 ,&! ^W IS US$ 9 REF];E 6!
2GETT] M ?AN 6! MATT]1 ?\< P AL GET A
RACE-"N F ! FEMALE1 E4G4 ,8! DESC5DANTS
( ,PYRRHA0'4-7#C7 ,"! IS G5US 9 ! S5SE 9
: ,8PLANE0' IS ! G5US ( PLANE FIGURES &
SOLID0' ( SOLIDS2 = EA* (! FIGURES IS 9
! "O CASE A PLANE ( S* & S* A K9D1 & 9 !
O!R A SOLID ( S* & S* A K9D2 & ? IS :AT
"ULIES ! DI6]5TIAE4 ,AG 7#D7 9 DEF9I;NS
! F/ 3/ITU5T ELE;T1 : IS 9CLUD$ 9 !
,8:AT0'1 IS ! G5US1 ^: DI6]5TIAE !
QUALITIES >E SD 6BE ,8,G5US0' !N IS US$
9 ALL ^! WAYS1 7#A7 9 REF];E 63T9U\S
G5],N (! SAME K9D1 7#B7 9 REF];E 6! F/
MOV] : IS (! SAME K9D Z ! ?+S X MOVES1
7#C7 Z MATT]2 = T 6: ! DI6]5TIA OR
QUAL;Y 2L;GS IS ! SUB/RATUM1 : WE CALL
MATT]4
  ,^? ?+S >E SD 6BE ,8O!R 9 G5US0' ^:
PROXIMATE SUB/RATUM IS DI6]5T1 & : >E N
ANALYS$ ! "O 96! O!R NOR BO? 96! SAME ?+
7E4G4 =M & MATT] >E DI6]5T 9 G5US72 &
?+S : 2L;G 6DI6]5T CATEGORIES ( 2+ 7= "S
(! ?+S T >E SD TO ,8BE0' SIGNIFY ESS;E1
O!RS A QUAL;Y1 O!RS ! O!R CATEGORIES WE
H 2F 4T+UI%$72 ^! AL >E N ANALYS$ EI
96"O ANO!R OR 96"S "O ?+4

                  #BI
  ,8,! FALSE0' M1NS 7#A7 T : IS FALSE Z
A ?+1 & T 7A7 2C X IS N PUT TGR OR _C 2
PUT TGR1 E4G4 ,8T ! DIAGONAL (A SQU>E IS
-M5SURATE )! SIDE0' OR ,8T Y >E SITT+0'2
= "O ( ^! IS FALSE ALW1 &! O!R "S"TS2 X
IS 9 ^! TWO S5SES T !Y >E NON-EXI/5T4
7B7 ,"! >E ?+S : EXI/1 B ^: NATURE X IS
6APPE> EI N 6BE S* Z !Y >E OR 6BE ?+S T
D N EXI/1 E4G4 A SKET* OR A DR1M2 = ^!
>E "S?+1 B >E N ! ?+S ! APPE>.E ( : !Y
PRODUCE 9 U4 ,WE CALL ?+S FALSE 9 ? WAY1
!N1-EI 2C !Y !MVS D N EXI/1 OR 2C !
APPE>.E : RESULTS F !M IS T ( "S?+ T
DOES N EXI/4
  7#B7 ,A FALSE A3.T IS ! A3.T ( NON-
EXI/5T OBJECTS1 9 S F> Z X IS FALSE4
,H;E E A3.T IS FALSE :5 APPLI$ 6"S?+ O!R
?AN T ( : X IS TRUE2 E4G4 ! A3.T (A
CIRCLE IS FALSE :5 APPLI$ 6A TRIANGLE4
,9 A S5SE "! IS "O A3.T ( EA* ?+1 I4E4 !
A3.T ( XS ESS;E1 B 9 A S5SE "! >E _M1
S9CE ! ?+ XF &! ?+ XF ) AN ATTRIBUTE >E
9 A S5SE ! SAME1 E4G4 ,SOCRATES &
MUSICAL ,SOCRATES 7A FALSE A3.T IS N !
A3.T ( ANY?+1 EXCEPT 9 A QUALIFI$ S5SE74
,H;E ,ANTIS!NES 0 TOO SIMPLE-M9D$ :5 HE
CLAIM$ T NO?+ CD 2 DESCRIB$ EXCEPT 0!
A3.T PROP] 6X1-"O PR$ICATE 6"O SUBJECT2
F : ! 3CLU.N US$ 6BE DRAWN T "! CD 2 NO
3TRADIC;N1 & ALM T "! CD 2 NO ]ROR4 ,B X
IS POSSI# 6DESCRIBE EA* ?+ N ONLY 0!
A3.T ( XF1 B AL 0T ( "S?+ ELSE4 ,? MAY 2
D"O ALT FALSELY 9DE$1 B "! IS AL A WAY 9
: X MAY 2 D"O TRULY2 E4G4 EI<T MAY 2
DESCRIB$ Z A D\# NUMB] 0! USE (! DEF9I;N
( TWO4
  ,^! ?+S1 !N1 >E CALL$ FALSE 9 ^!
S5SES1 B 7#C7 A FALSE MAN IS "O :O IS
R1DY AT & FOND ( S* A3.TS1 N = ANY O!R
R1SON B = _! [N SAKE1 & "O :O IS GD AT
IMPRESS+ S* A3.TS ON O!R P1 J Z WE SAY
?+S >E : PRODUCE A FALSE APPE>.E4 ,? IS
:Y ! PRO( 9 ! ,HIPPIAS T ! SAME MAN IS
FALSE & TRUE IS MISL1D+4 ,= X ASSUMES T
HE IS FALSE :O C DCV 7I4E4 ! MAN :O "KS
& IS WISE72 & FUR!R T HE :O IS WILL+LY
BAD IS BETT]4 ,? IS A FALSE RESULT (
9DUC;N-=A MAN :O LIMPS WILL+LY IS BETT]
?AN "O :O DOES S UNWILL+LY-BY ,8LIMP+0'
,PLATO M1NS ,8MIMICK+ A LIMP0'1 = IF !
MAN 7 LAME WILL+LY1 HE WD PRESUMABLY 2
WORSE 9 ? CASE Z 9 ! CORRESPOND+ CASE (
MORAL "*4
                  #CJ
  ,8,A3ID5T0' M1NS 7#A7 T : ATTA*ES
6"S?+ & C 2 TRULY ASS]T$1 B NEI (
NECESS;Y NOR USU,Y1 E4G4 IF "S "O 9 DI7+
A HOLE =A PLANT HAS F.D TR1SURE4 ,?-!
F9D+ ( TR1SURE-IS =! MAN :O DUG ! HOLE
AN A3ID5T2 = NEI DOES ! "O -E ( NECESS;Y
F ! O!R OR AF ! O!R1 NOR1 IF A MAN
PLANTS1 DOES HE USU,Y F9D TR1SURE4 ,&A
MUSICAL MAN MI<T 2 PALE2 B S9CE ? DOES N
HAPP5 ( NECESS;Y NOR USU,Y1 WE CALL X AN
A3ID5T4 ,"!=E S9CE "! >E ATTRIBUTES & !Y
ATTA* 6SUBJECTS1 & "S ( !M ATTA* 6^!
ONLY 9 A "PICUL> PLACE & AT A "PICUL>
"T1 :AT"E ATTA*ES 6A SUBJECT1 B N 2C X 0
? SUBJECT1 OR ! "T ? "T1 OR ! PLACE ?
PLACE1 W 2 AN A3ID5T4 ,"!=E1 TOO1 "! IS
NO DEF9ITE CAUSE = AN A3ID5T1 B A *.E
CAUSE1 I4E4 AN 9DEF9ITE "O4 ,GO+ 6,AEG9A
0 AN A3ID5T =A MAN1 IF HE W5T N 9 ORD]
6GET "!1 B 2C HE 0 C>RI$ \ ( 8 WAY 0A
/ORM OR CAPTUR$ 0PIRATES4 ,! A3ID5T HAS
HAPP5$ OR EXI/S1-N 9 VIRTUE (! SUBJECT'S
NATURE1 H["E1 B ( "S?+ ELSE2 =! /ORM 0 !
CAUSE ( 8 -+ 6A PLACE = : HE 0 N SAIL+1
& ? 0 ,AEG9A4
  ,8,A3ID5T0' HAS AL 7#B7 ANO!R M1N+1
I4E4 ALL T ATTA*ES 6EA* ?+ 9 VIRTUE ( XF
B IS N 9 XS ESS;E1 Z HAV+ XS ANGLES
EQUAL 6TWO "R ANGLES ATTA*ES 6!
TRIANGLE4 ,& A3ID5TS ( ? SORT MAY 2
ET]NAL1 B NO A3ID5T (! O!R SORT IS4 ,?
IS EXPLA9$ ELSE":4