,,BOOK ;,,VI #A ,S9CE WE H PREVI\SLY SD T "O "\ 6*OOSE T : IS 9T]M$IATE1 N ! EXCESS NOR ! DEFECT1 & T ! 9T]M$IATE IS DET]M9$ 0! DICTATES (! "R RULE1 LET U 4CUSS ! NATURE ( ^! DICTATES4 ,9 ALL ! /ATES ( "* WE H M5;N$1 Z 9 ALL O!R MATT]S1 "! IS A M>K 6: ! MAN :O HAS ! RULE LOOKS1 & HEID : DET]M9ES ! M1N /ATES : WE SAY >E 9T]M$IATE 2T EXCESS & DEFECT1 2+ 9 A3ORD.E )! "R RULE4 ,B S* A /ATE;T1 ?\< TRUE1 IS 0NO M1NS CLE>2 = N ONLY "H B 9 ALL O!R PURSUITS : >E OBJECTS ( K X IS 9DE$ TRUE 6SAY T WE M/ N EX]T \RVS NOR RELAX \R EF=TS TOO M* NOR TOO LL1 B 6AN 9T]M$IATE EXT5T & Z ! "R RULE DICTATES2 B IF A MAN _H ONLY ? K HE WD 2 N"O ! WIS] E4G4 WE %D N "K :AT SORT ( M$IC9ES 6APPLY 6\R BODY IF "S "O 7 6SAY ,8ALL ^? : ! M$ICAL >T PRESCRIBES1 & : AGREE )! PRACTICE ( "O :O POSSESSES ! >T0'4 ,H;E X IS NEC ) REG>D 6! /ATES (! S\L AL N ONLY T ? TRUE /ATE;T %D 2 MADE1 B AL T X %D 2 DET]M9$ :AT IS ! "R RULE & :AT IS ! /&>D T FIXES X4 ,WE DIVID$ ! VIRTUES (! S\L &A SD T "S >E VIRTUES ( "* & O!RS ( 9TELLECT4 ,N[ WE H 4CUSS$ 9 DETAIL ! MORAL VIRTUES2 ) REG>D 6! O!RS LET U EXPRESS \R VIEW Z FOLL[S1 2G9N+ ) "S REM>KS AB ! S\L4 ,WE SD 2F T "! >E TWO "PS (! S\L-T : GRASPS A RULE OR R,NAL PR9CIPLE1 &! IRR,NAL2 LET U N[ DRAW A SIMIL> 4T9C;N )9 ! "P : GRASPS A R,NAL PR9CIPLE4 ,& LET X 2 ASSUM$ T "! >E TWO "PS : GRASP A R,NAL PR9CIPLE-"O 0: WE 3TEMPLATE ! K9D ( ?+S ^: ORIG9ATIVE CAUSES >E 9V>IA#1 & "O 0: WE 3TEMPLATE V>IA# ?+S2 = ": OBJECTS DI6] 9 K9D ! "P (! S\L ANSW]+ 6EA* (! TWO IS DI6]5T 9 K9D1 S9CE X IS 9 VIRTUE (A C]TA9 LIKE;S & K9%IP ) _! OBJECTS T !Y H ! K !Y H4 ,LET "O ( ^! "PS 2 CALL$ ! SCI5TIFIC &! O!R ! CALCULATIVE2 = 6DELIB]ATE & 6CALCULATE >E ! SAME ?+1 B NO "O DELIB]ATES AB ! 9V>IA#4 ,"!=E ! CALCULATIVE IS "O "P (! FACULTY : GRASPS A R,NAL PR9CIPLE4 ,WE M/1 !N1 LE>N :AT IS ! BE/ /ATE ( EA* ( ^! TWO "PS2 = ? IS ! VIRTUE ( EA*4 #B ,! VIRTUE (A ?+ IS RELATIVE 6XS PROP] "W4 ,N[ "! >E ?REE ?+S 9 ! S\L : 3TROL AC;N & TRU?-S5S,N1 R1SON1 DESIRE4 ,( ^! S5S,N ORIG9ATES NO AC;N2 ? IS PLA9 F ! FACT T ! L[] ANIMALS H S5S,N B NO %>E 9 AC;N4 ,:AT A6IRM,N & NEG,N >E 9 ?9K+1 PURSUIT & AVOID.E >E 9 DESIRE2 S T S9CE MORAL VIRTUE IS A /ATE ( "* 3C]N$ ) *OICE1 & *OICE IS DELIB]ATE DESIRE1 "!=E BO? ! R1SON+ M/ 2 TRUE &! DESIRE "R1 IF ! *OICE IS 6BE GD1 &! LATT] M/ PURSUE J :AT ! =M] ASS]TS4 ,N[ ? K9D ( 9TELLECT & ( TRU? IS PRACTICAL2 (! 9TELLECT : IS 3TEMPLATIVE1 N PRACTICAL NOR PRODUCTIVE1 ! GD &! BAD /ATE >E TRU? & FALS;Y RESPECTIVELY 7= ? IS ! "W ( "EY?+ 9TELLECTUAL72 :ILE (! "P : IS PRACTICAL & 9TELLECTUAL ! GD /ATE IS TRU? 9 AGREE;T ) "R DESIRE4 ,! ORIG9 ( AC;N-XS E6ICI5T1 N XS F9AL CAUSE-IS *OICE1 & T ( *OICE IS DESIRE & R1SON+ )A VIEW 6AN 5D4 ,? IS :Y *OICE _C EXI/ EI )\T R1SON & 9TELLECT OR )\T A MORAL /ATE2 = GD AC;N & XS OPPOSITE _C EXI/ )\T A -B9,N ( 9TELLECT & "*4 ,9TELLECT XF1 H["E1 MOVES NO?+1 B ONLY ! 9TELLECT : AIMS AT AN 5D & IS PRACTICAL2 = ? RULES ! PRODUCTIVE 9TELLECT1 Z WELL1 S9CE E "O :O MAKES MAKES = AN 5D1 & T : IS MADE IS N AN 5D 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE 7B ONLY AN 5D 9 A "PICUL> REL,N1 &! 5D ( A "PICUL> OP],N7-ONLY T : IS D"O IS T2 = GD AC;N IS AN 5D1 & DESIRE AIMS AT ?4 ,H;E *OICE IS EI DESID]ATIVE R1SON OR RATIOC9ATIVE DESIRE1 & S* AN ORIG9 ( AC;N IS A MAN4 7,X IS 6BE NOT$ T NO?+ T IS PA/ IS AN OBJECT ( *OICE1 E4G4 NO "O *OOSES 6H SACK$ ,TROY2 = NO "O DELIB]ATES AB ! PA/1 B AB :AT IS FUTURE & CAPA# ( 2+ O!RWISE1 :ILE :AT IS PA/ IS N CAPA# ( N HAV+ TAK5 PLACE2 H;E ,AGA?ON IS "R 9 SAY+ ,= ? AL"O IS LACK+ EV5 6,GOD1 ,6MAKE UND"O ?+S ?A?AVE ONCE BE5 D"O47 ,! "W ( BO? ! 9TELLECTUAL "PS1 !N1 IS TRU?4 ,"!=E ! /ATES T >E MO/ /RICTLY ^? 9 RESPECT ( : EA* ( ^! "PS W R1* TRU? >E ! VIRTUES (! TWO "PS4 #C ,LET U 2G91 !N1 F ! 2G9N+1 & 4CUSS ^! /ATES ONCE M4 ,LET X 2 ASSUM$ T ! /ATES 0VIRTUE ( : ! S\L POSSESSES TRU? 0WAY ( A6IRM,N OR D5IAL >E FIVE 9 NUMB]1 I4E4 >T1 SCI5TIFIC K1 PRACTICAL WISDOM1 PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM1 9TUITIVE R1SON2 WE D N 9CLUDE JUDGE;T & OP9ION 2C 9 ^! WE MAY 2 MISTAK54 ,N[ :AT SCI5TIFIC K IS1 IF WE >E 6SP1K EXACTLY & N FOLL[ M]E SIMIL>ITIES1 IS PLA9 F :AT FOLL[S4 ,WE ALL SUPPOSE T :AT WE "K IS N EV5 CAPA# ( 2+ O!RWISE2 ( ?+S CAPA# ( 2+ O!RWISE WE D N "K1 :5 !Y H PASS$ \TSIDE \R OBS]V,N1 :E!R !Y EXI/ OR N4 ,"!=E ! OBJECT ( SCI5TIFIC K IS ( NECESS;Y4 ,"!=E X IS ET]NAL2 = ?+S T >E ( NECESS;Y 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE >E ALL ET]NAL2 & ?+S T >E ET]NAL >E UNG5]AT$ & IMP]I%A#4 ,AG1 E SCI;E IS ?"\ 6BE CAPA# ( 2+ TAUN$4 ,& ALL T1*+ />TS F :AT IS ALR "KN1 Z WE MA9TA9 9 ! ,ANALYTICS AL2 = X PROCE$S "S"TS "? 9DUC;N & "S"TS 0SYLLOGISM4 ,N[ 9DUC;N IS ! />T+-PO9T : K EV5 (! UNIV]SAL PRESUPPOSES1 :ILE SYLLOGISM PROCE$S F UNIV]SALS4 ,"! >E "!=E />T+- PO9TS F : SYLLOGISM PROCE$S1 : >E N R1*$ 0SYLLOGISM2 X IS "!=E 09DUC;N T !Y >E ACQUIR$4 ,SCI5TIFIC K IS1 !N1 A /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6DEMON/RATE1 & HAS ! O!R LIMIT+ "*I/ICS : WE SPECIFY 9 ! ,ANALYTICS1 = X IS :5 A MAN 2LIEVES 9 A C]TA9 WAY &! />T+-PO9TS >E "KN 6HM T HE HAS SCI5TIFIC K1 S9CE IF !Y >E N BETT] "KN 6HM ?AN ! 3CLU.N1 HE W H 8 K ONLY 9CID5T,Y4 ,LET ?1 !N1 2 TAK5 Z \R A3.T ( SCI5TIFIC K4 #D ,9 ! V>IA# >E 9CLUD$ BO? ?+S MADE & ?+S D"O2 MAK+ & ACT+ >E DI6]5T 7= _! NATURE WE TR1T EV5 ! 4CUS.NS \TSIDE \R S*OOL Z RELIA#72 S T ! R1SON$ /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6ACT IS DI6]5T F ! R1SON$ /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6MAKE4 ,H;E TOO !Y >E N 9CLUD$ "O 9 ! O!R2 = NEI IS ACT+ MAK+ NOR IS MAK+ ACT+4 ,N[ S9CE >*ITECTURE IS AN >T & IS ESS5TI,Y A R1SON$ /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6MAKE1 & "! IS NEI ANY >T T IS N S* A /ATE NOR ANY S* /ATE T IS N AN >T1 >T IS ID5TICAL )A /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6MAKE1 9VOLV+ A TRUE C\RSE ( R1SON+4 ,ALL >T IS 3C]N$ ) -+ 962+1 I4E4 ) 3TRIV+ & 3SID]+ H[ "S?+ MAY -E 962+ : IS CAPA# ( EI 2+ OR N 2+1 & ^: ORIG9 IS 9 ! MAK] & N 9 ! ?+ MADE2 = >T IS 3C]N$ NEI ) ?+S T >E1 OR -E 962+1 0NECESS;Y1 NOR ) ?+S T D S 9 A3ORD.E ) NATURE 7S9CE ^! H _! ORIG9 9 !MVS74 ,MAK+ & ACT+ 2+ DI6]5T1 >T M/ 2 A MATT] ( MAK+1 N ( ACT+4 ,& 9 A S5SE *.E & >T >E 3C]N$ )! SAME OBJECTS2 Z ,AGA?ON SAYS1 ,8>T LOVES *.E & *.E LOVES >T0'4 ,>T1 !N1 Z HAS BE5 IS A /ATE 3C]N$ ) MAK+1 9VOLV+ A TRUE C\RSE ( R1SON+1 & LACK ( >T ON ! 3TR>Y IS A /ATE 3C]N$ ) MAK+1 9VOLV+ A FALSE C\RSE ( R1SON+2 BO? >E 3C]N$ )! V>IA#4 #E ,REG>D+ PRACTICAL WISDOM WE % GET AT ! TRU? 03SID]+ :O >E ! P]SONS WE CR$IT ) X4 ,N[ X IS ?"\ 6BE ! M>K (A MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM 6BE A# 6DELIB]ATE WELL AB :AT IS GD & EXP$I5T = HMF1 N 9 "S "PICUL> RESPECT1 E4G4 AB :AT SORTS ( ?+ 3DUCE 6H1L? OR 6/R5G?1 B AB :AT SORTS ( ?+ 3DUCE 6! GD LIFE 9 G5]AL4 ,? IS %[N 0! FACT T WE CR$IT M5 ) PRACTICAL WISDOM 9 "S "PICUL> RESPECT :5 !Y H CALCULAT$ WELL )A VIEW 6"S GD 5D : IS "O ( ^? T >E N ! OBJECT ( ANY >T4 ,X FOLL[S T 9 ! G5]AL S5SE AL ! MAN :O IS CAPA# ( DELIB]AT+ HAS PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,N[ NO "O DELIB]ATES AB ?+S T >E 9V>IA#1 NOR AB ?+S T X IS IMPOSSI# = HM 6D4 ,"!=E1 S9CE SCI5TIFIC K 9VOLVES DEMON/R,N1 B "! IS NO DEMON/R,N ( ?+S ^: F/ PR9CIPLES >E V>IA# 7= ALL S* ?+S MIE ( NECESS;Y1 PRACTICAL WISDOM _C 2 SCI5TIFIC K NOR >T2 N SCI;E 2C T : C 2 D"O IS CAPA# ( 2+ O!RWISE1 N >T 2C AC;N & MAK+ >E DI6]5T K9DS ( ?+4 ,! REMA9+ ALT]NATIVE1 !N1 IS T X IS A TRUE & R1SON$ /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6ACT ) REG>D 6! ?+S T >E GD OR BAD = MAN4 ,= :ILE MAK+ HAS AN 5D O!R ?AN XF1 AC;N _C2 = GD AC;N XF IS XS 5D4 ,X IS = ? R1SON T WE ?9K ,P]ICLES & M5 L HM H PRACTICAL WISDOM1 VIZ4 2C !Y C SEE :AT IS GD = !MVS & :AT IS GD = M5 9 G5]AL2 WE 3SID] T ^? C D ? :O >E GD AT MANAG+ H\SEHOLDS OR /ATES4 7,? IS :Y WE CALL TEMP].E 7SOPHROSUNE7 0? "N2 WE IMPLY T X PRES]VES "O'S PRACTICAL WISDOM 7SOZ\SA TAN PHRONS974 ,N[ :AT X PRES]VES IS A JUDGE;T (! K9D WE H DESCRIB$4 ,= X IS N ANY & E JUDGE;T T PL1SANT & PA9;L OBJECTS DE/ROY & P]V]T1 E4G4 ! JUDGE;T T ! TRIANGLE HAS OR HAS N XS ANGLES EQUAL 6TWO "R ANGLES1 B ONLY JUDGE;TS AB :AT IS 6BE D"O4 ,=! ORIG9AT+ CAUSES (! ?+S T >E D"O 3SI/ 9 ! 5D AT : !Y >E AIM$2 B ! MAN :O HAS BE5 RU9$ 0PL1SURE OR PA9 =?) FAILS 6SEE ANY S* ORIG9AT+ CAUSE-TO SEE T =! SAKE ( ? OR 2C ( ? HE "\ 6*OOSE & D :AT"E HE *OOSES & DOES2 = VICE IS DE/RUCTIVE (! ORIG9AT+ CAUSE ( AC;N47 ,PRACTICAL WISDOM1 !N1 M/ 2 A R1SON$ & TRUE /ATE ( CAPAC;Y 6ACT ) REG>D 6HUMAN GDS4 ,B FUR!R1 :ILE "! IS S* A ?+ Z EXCELL;E 9 >T1 "! IS NO S* ?+ Z EXCELL;E 9 PRACTICAL WISDOM2 & 9 >T HE :O ]RS WILL+LY IS PREF]A#1 B 9 PRACTICAL WISDOM1 Z 9 ! VIRTUES1 HE IS ! REV]SE4 ,PLA9LY1 !N1 PRACTICAL WISDOM IS A VIRTUE & N AN >T4 ,"! 2+ TWO "PS (! S\L T C FOLL[ A C\RSE ( R1SON+1 X M/ 2 ! VIRTUE ( "O (! TWO1 I4E4 ( T "P : =MS OP9IONS2 = OP9ION IS AB ! V>IA# & S IS PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,B YET X IS N ONLY A R1SON$ /ATE2 ? IS %[N 0! FACT T A /ATE ( T SORT MAY =GOTT5 B PRACTICAL WISDOM _C4 #F ,SCI5TIFIC K IS JUDGE;T AB ?+S T >E UNIV]SAL & NEC1 &! 3CLU.NS ( DEMON/R,N1 & ALL SCI5TIFIC K1 FOLL[ F F/ PR9CIPLES 7= SCI5TIFIC K 9VOLVES APPREH5.N (A R,NAL GR.D74 ,? 2+ S1 ! F/ PR9CIPLE F : :AT IS SCI5TIFIC,Y "KN FOLL[S _C 2 AN OBJECT ( SCI5TIFIC K1 ( >T1 OR ( PRACTICAL WISDOM2 = T : C 2 SCI5TIFIC,Y "KN C 2 DEMON/RAT$1 & >T & PRACTICAL WISDOM D1L ) ?+S T >E V>IA#4 ,NOR >E ^! F/ PR9CIPLES ! OBJECTS ( PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM1 = X IS A M>K (! PHILOSOPH] 6H DEMON/R,N AB "S ?+S4 ,IF1 !N1 ! /ATES ( M9D 0: WE H TRU? & >E N"E DCVD AB ?+S 9V>IA# OR EV5 V>IA# >E SCI5TIFIC "KL$$GE1 PRACTICAL WISDOM1 PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM1 & 9TUITIVE R1SON1 & X _C 2 ANY ( ! ?REE 7I4E4 PRACTICAL WISDOM1 SCI5TIFIC K1 OR PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM71 ! REMA9+ ALT]NATIVE IS T X IS 9TUITIVE R1SON T GRASPS ! F/ PR9CIPLES4 #G ,WISDOM 7#A7 9 ! >TS WE ASCRIBE 6_! MO/ F9I%$ EXPON5TS1 E4G4 6,PHIDIAS Z A SCULPTOR & 6,POLYCLITUS Z A MAK] ( PORTRAIT-/ATUES1 & "H WE M1N NO?+ 0WISDOM EXCEPT EXCELL;E 9 >T2 B 7#B7 WE ?9K T "S P >E WISE 9 G5]AL1 N 9 "S "PICUL> FIELD OR 9 ANY O!R LIMIT$ RESPECT1 Z ,HOM] SAYS 9 ! ,M>GITES1 ,HM DID ! GODS MAKE NEI A DI7] NOR YET A PL\T ( POLITICS1 OR PRACTICAL WISDOM1 IS ! BE/ K1 S9CE MAN IS N ! BE/ ?+ 9 ! _W4 ,N[ IF :AT IS H1L?Y OR GD IS DI6]5T = M5 &= FI%ES1 B :AT IS :ITE OR /RAII\S MATT]S 3C]N+ XF T "O ASCRIBES PRACTICAL WISDOM1 & X IS 6? T "O W 5TRU/ S* MATT]S4 ,? IS :Y WE SAY T "S EV5 (! L[] ANIMALS H PRACTICAL WISDOM1 VIZ4 ^? : >E F.D 6H A P[] ( =ESID 6_! [N LIFE4 ,X IS EVID5T AL T PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM &! >T ( POLITICS _C 2 ! SAME2 = IF ! /ATE ( M9D 3C]N$ )A MAN'S [N 9T]E/S IS 6BE CALL$ PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM1 "! W 2 _M PHILOSOPHIC WISDOMS2 "! W N 2 "O 3C]N$ )! GD ( ALL ANIMALS 7ANY M ?AN "! IS "O >T ( M$IC9E = ALL EXI/+ ?+S71 B A DI6]5T PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM AB ! GD ( EA* SPECIES4 ,B IF ! >GU;T 2 T MAN IS ! BE/ (! ANIMALS1 ? MAKES NO DI6];E2 = "! >E O!R ?+S M* M DIV9E 9 _! NATURE EV5 ?AN MAN1 E4G41 MO/ 3SPICU\SLY1 ! BODIES ( : ! H1V5S >E FRAM$4 ,F :AT HAS BE5 SD X IS PLA91 !N1 T PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM IS SCI5TIFIC K1 -B9$ ) 9TUITIVE R1SON1 (! ?+S T >E HIE REM>KA#1 ADMIRA#1 DI6ICULT1 & DIV9E1 B USE.S2 VIZ4 2C X IS N HUMAN GDS T !Y SEEK4 ,PRACTICAL WISDOM ON ! O!R H& IS 3C]N$ ) ?+S HUMAN & ?+S AB : X IS POSSI# 6DELIB]ATE2 = WE SAY ? IS ABV ALL ! "W ( ! MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM1 6DELIB]ATE WELL1 B NO "O DELIB]ATES AB ?+S 9V>IA#1 NOR AB ?+S : H N AN 5D1 & T A GD T C 2 BR"\ AB 0AC;N4 ,! MAN :O IS )\T QUALIFIC,N GD AT DELIB]AT+ IS ! MAN :O IS CAPA# ( AIM+ 9 A3ORD.E ) CALCUL,N AT ! BE/ = MAN ( ?+S ATTA9A# 0AC;N4 ,NOR IS PRACTICAL WISDOM 3C]N$ ) UNIV]SALS ONLY- X M/ AL RECOGNIZE ! "PICUL>S2 = X IS PRACTICAL1 & PRACTICE IS 3C]N$ ) "PICUL>S4 ,? IS :Y "S :O D N "K1 & ESPECI,Y ^? :O H EXP]I;E1 >E M PRACTICAL ?AN O!RS :O "K2 = IF A MAN KNEW T LIE DIGE/I# & :OLE"S1 B DID N "K : SORTS ( M1T >E LIE ! SAME /ATE ( M9D1 B _! ESS;E IS N ! SAME4 ,(! WISDOM 3C]N$ )! C;Y1 ! PRACTICAL WISDOM : PLAYS A 3TROLL+ "P IS LEGISLATIVE WISDOM1 :ILE T : IS RELAT$ 6? Z "PICUL>S 6_! UNIV]SAL IS "KN 0! G5]AL "N ,8POLITICAL WISDOM0'2 ? HAS 6D ) AC;N & DELIB],N1 =A DECREE IS A ?+ 6BE C>RI$ \ 9 ! =M ( AN 9DIVIDUAL ACT4 ,? IS :Y ! EXPON5TS ( ? >T >E AL"O SD TO ,8TAKE "P 9 POLITICS0'2 = ^! AL"O ,8D ?+S0' Z MANUAL LAB\R]S ,8D ?+S0'4 ,PRACTICAL WISDOM AL IS ID5TIFI$ ESPECI,Y ) T =M ( X : IS 3C]N$ )A MAN HMF-)! 9DIVIDUAL2 & ? IS "KN 0! G5]AL "N ,8PRACTICAL WISDOM0'2 (! O!R K9DS "O IS CALL$ H\SEHOLD MANAGE;T1 ANO!R LEGISL,N1 ! ?IRD POLITICS1 &(! LATT] "O "P IS CALL$ DELIB]ATIVE &! O!R JUDICIAL4 ,N[ "K+ :AT IS GD = "OF W 2 "O K9D ( K1 B X IS V DI6]5T F ! O!R K9DS2 &! MAN :O "KS & 3C]NS HMF ) 8 [N 9T]E/S IS ?"\ 6H PRACTICAL WISDOM1 :ILE POLITICIANS >E ?"\ 6BE BUSYBODIES2 H;E ! ^W ( ,EURIPIDES1 ,B H[ CD ,I 2 WISE1 :O MIMY'S MULTITUDE1 ,H _H AN EQUAL %>E8 ,= ^? :O AIM TOO HI< & D TOO M*4 ,^? :O ?9K ?US SEEK _! [N GD1 & 3SID] T "O "\ 6D S4 ,F ? OP9ION1 !N1 HAS -E ! VIEW T S* M5 H PRACTICAL WISDOM2 YET P]H "O'S [N GD _C EXI/ )\T H\SEHOLD MANAGE;T1 NOR )\T A =M ( GOV]N;T4 ,FUR!R1 H[ "O %D ORD] "O'S [N A6AIRS IS N CLE> & NE$S 9QUIRY4 ,:AT HAS BE5 SD IS 3FIRM$ 0! FACT T :ILE "Y M5 2COME GEOMETRICIANS & MA!MATICIANS & WISE 9 MATT]S L ^!1 X IS ?"\ T A "Y MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM _C 2 F.D4 ,! CAUSE IS T S* WISDOM IS 3C]N$ N ONLY ) UNIV]SALS B ) "PICUL>S1 : 2COME FAMILI> F EXP]I;E1 B A "Y MAN HAS NO EXP]I;E1 = X IS L5G? ( "T T GIVES EXP]I;E2 9DE$ "O MI2 WE MAY FALL 6"K EI T ALL WAT] T WEI WAT] WEI FACT1 S9CE ! ?+ 6BE D"O IS ( ? NATURE4 ,X IS OPPOS$1 !N1 69TUITIVE R1SON2 = 9TUITIVE R1SON IS (! LIMIT+ PREMISSES1 = : NO R1SON C 2 GIV51 :ILE PRACTICAL WISDOM IS 3C]N$ )! ULTIMATE "PICUL>1 : IS ! OBJECT N ( SCI5TIFIC K B ( P]CEP;N-N ! P]CEP;N ( QUALITIES PECULI> 6"O S5SE B A P]CEP;N AK9 6T 0: WE P]CV T ! "PICUL> FIGURE 2F U IS A TRIANGLE2 = 9 T DIREC;N Z WELL Z 9 T (! MAJOR PREMISS "! W 2 A LIMIT4 ,B ? IS R P]CEP;N ?AN PRACTICAL WISDOM1 ?\< X IS ANO!R K9D ( P]CEP;N ?AN T (! QUALITIES PECULI> 6EA* S5SE4 #I ,"! IS A DI6];E 2T 9QUIRY & DELIB],N2 = DELIB],N IS 9QUIRY 96A "PICUL> K9D ( ?+4 ,WE M/ GRASP ! NATURE ( EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N Z WELL :E!R X IS A =M ( SCI5TIFIC K1 OR OP9ION1 OR SKILL 9 3JECTURE1 OR "S O!R K9D ( ?+4 ,SCI5TIFIC K X IS N2 = M5 D N 9QUIRE AB ! ?+S !Y "K AB1 B GD DELIB],N IS A K9D ( DELIB],N1 & HE :O DELIB]ATES 9QUIRES & CALCULATES4 ,NOR IS X SKILL 9 3JECTURE2 = ? BO? 9VOLVES NO R1SON+ & IS "S?+ T IS QK 9 XS OP],N1 :ILE M5 DELIB]ATE A L;G "T1 & !Y SAY T "O %D C>RY \ QKLY ! 3CLU.NS ( "O'S DELIB],N1 B %D DELIB]ATE SL[LY4 ,AG1 R1DI;S ( M9D IS DI6]5T F EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N2 X IS A SORT ( SKILL 9 3JECTURE4 ,NOR AG IS EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N OP9ION ( ANY SORT4 ,B S9CE ! MAN :O DELIB]ATES BADLY MAKES A MISTAKE1 :ILE HE :O DELIB]ATES WELL DOES S CORRECTLY1 EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N IS CLE>LY A K9D ( CORRECT;S1 B NEI ( K NOR ( OP9ION2 = "! IS NO S* ?+ Z CORRECT;S ( K 7S9CE "! IS NO S* ?+ Z ]ROR ( K71 & CORRECT;S ( OP9ION IS TRU?2 & AT ! SAME "T "EY?+ T IS AN OBJECT ( OP9ION IS ALR DET]M9$4 ,B AG EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N 9VOLVES R1SON+4 ,! REMA9+ ALT]NATIVE1 !N1 IS T X IS CORRECT;S ( ?9K+2 = ? IS N YET ASS];N1 S9CE1 :ILE EV5 OP9ION IS N 9QUIRY B HAS R1*$ ! /AGE ( ASS];N1 ! MAN :O IS DELIB]AT+1 :E!R HE DOES S WELL OR ILL1 IS SE>*+ = "S?+ & CALCULAT+4 ,B EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N IS A C]TA9 CORRECT;S ( DELIB],N2 H;E WE M/ F/ 9QUIRE :AT DELIB],N IS & :AT X IS AB4 ,&1 "! 2+ M ?AN "O K9D ( CORRECT;S1 PLA9LY EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N IS N ANY & E K9D2 = 7#A7 ! 9CONT95T MAN &! BAD MAN1 IF HE IS CL"E1 W R1* Z A RESULT ( 8 CALCUL,N :AT HE SETS 2F HMF1 S T HE W H DELIB]AT$ CORRECTLY1 B HE W H GOT = HMF A GRT EVIL4 ,N[ 6H DELIB]AT$ WELL IS ?"\ 6BE A GD ?+2 = X IS ? K9D ( CORRECT;S ( DELIB],N T IS EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N1 VIZ4 T : T5DS 6ATTA9 :AT IS GD4 ,B 7#B7 X IS POSSI# 6ATTA9 EV5 GD 0A FALSE SYLLOGISM1 & 6ATTA9 :AT "O "\ 6D B N 0! "R M1NS1 ! MI4LE T]M 2+ FALSE2 S T ? TOO IS N YET EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N ? /ATE 9 VIRTUE ( : "O ATTA9S :AT "O "\ B N 0! "R M1NS4 ,AG 7#C7 X IS POSSI# 6ATTA9 X 0L;G DELIB],N :ILE ANO!R MAN ATTA9S X QKLY4 ,"!=E 9 ! =M] CASE WE H N YET GOT EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N1 : IS "R;S ) REG>D 6! EXP$I5T- "R;S 9 RESPECT BO? (! 5D1 ! MANN]1 &! "T4 7#D7 ,FUR!R X IS POSSI# 6H DELIB]AT$ WELL EI 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE OR ) REF];E 6A "PICUL> 5D4 ,EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE1 !N1 IS T : SU3E$S ) REF];E 6:AT IS ! 5D 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE1 & EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N 9 A "PICUL> S5SE IS T : SU3E$S RELATIVELY 6A "PICUL> 5D4 ,IF1 !N1 X IS "*I/IC ( M5 ( PRACTICAL WISDOM 6H DELIB]AT$ WELL1 EXCELL;E 9 DELIB],N W 2 CORRECT;S ) REG>D 6:AT 3DUCES 6! 5D ( : PRACTICAL WISDOM IS ! TRUE APPREH5.N4 #AJ ,"U/&+1 AL1 & GD;S ( "U/&+1 9 VIRTUE ( : M5 >E SD 6BE M5 ( "U/&+ OR ( GD "U/&+1 >E NEI 5TIRELY ! SAME Z OP9ION OR SCI5TIFIC K 7= AT T RATE ALL M5 WD H BE5 M5 ( "U/&+71 NOR >E !Y "O (! "PICUL> SCI;ES1 S* Z M$IC9E1 ! SCI;E ( ?+S 3NECT$ ) H1L?1 OR GEOMETRY1 ! SCI;E ( SPATIAL MAGNITUDES4 ,= "U/&+ IS NEI AB ?+S T >E ALW & >E UN*ANGEA#1 NOR AB ANY & E "O (! ?+S T -E 962+1 B AB ?+S : MAY 2COME SUBJECTS ( "Q+ & DELIB],N4 ,H;E X IS AB ! SAME OBJECTS Z PRACTICAL WISDOM2 B "U/&+ & PRACTICAL WISDOM >E N ! SAME4 ,= PRACTICAL WISDOM ISSUES -M&S1 S9CE XS 5D IS :AT "\ 6BE D"O OR N 6BE D"O2 B "U/&+ ONLY JUDGES4 7,"U/&+ IS ID5TICAL ) GD;S ( "U/&+1 M5 ( "U/&+ ) M5 ( GD "U/&+47 ,N[ "U/&+ IS NEI ! HAV+ NOR ! ACQUIR+ ( PRACTICAL WISDOM2 B Z LE>N+ IS CALL$ "U/&+ :5 X M1NS ! EX]CISE (! FACULTY ( K1 S ,8"U/&+0' IS APPLICA# 6! EX]CISE (! FACULTY ( OP9ION =! PURPOSE ( JUDG+ ( :AT "S "O ELSE SAYS AB MATT]S ) : PRACTICAL WISDOM IS 3C]N$-&( JUDG+ S.DLY2 = ,8WELL0' & ,8S.DLY0' >E ! SAME ?+4 ,& F ? HAS -E ! USE (! "N ,8"U/&+0' 9 VIRTUE ( : M5 >E SD 6BE ,8( GD "U/&+0'1 VIZ4 F ! APPLIC,N (! ^W 6! GRASP+ ( SCI5TIFIC TRU?2 = WE (T5 CALL S* GRASP+ "U/&+4 #AA ,:AT IS CALL$ JUDGE;T1 9 VIRTUE ( : M5 >E SD TO ,8BE SYMPA!TIC JUDGES0' & TO ,8H JUDGE;T0'1 IS ! "R 4CRIM9,N (! EQUITA#4 ,? IS %[N 0! FACT T WE SAY ! EQUITA# MAN IS ABV ALL O!RS A MAN ( SYMPA!TIC JUDGE;T1 & ID5TIFY EQU;Y ) SYMPA!TIC JUDGE;T AB C]TA9 FACTS4 ,& SYMPA!TIC JUDGE;T IS JUDGE;T : 4CRIM9ATES :AT IS EQUITA# & DOES S CORRECTLY2 & CORRECT JUDGE;T IS T : JUDGES :AT IS TRUE4 ,N[ ALL ! /ATES WE H 3SID]$ 3V]GE1 Z MIS ( R1SON &) HAV+ PRACTICAL WISDOM & "U/&+4 ,= ALL ^! FACULTIES D1L ) ULTIMATES1 I4E4 ) "PICUL>S2 & 2+ A MAN ( "U/&+ &( GD OR SYMPA!TIC JUDGE;T 3SI/S 9 2+ A# JUDGE AB ! ?+S ) : PRACTICAL WISDOM IS 3C]N$2 =! EQUITIES >E -MON 6ALL GD M5 9 REL,N 6O!R M54 ,N[ ALL ?+S : H 6BE D"O >E 9CLUD$ AM;G "PICUL>S OR ULTIMATES2 = N ONLY M/ ! MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM "K "PICUL> FACTS1 B "U/&+ & JUDGE;T >E AL 3C]N$ ) ?+S 6BE D"O1 & ^! >E ULTIMATES4 ,& 9TUITIVE R1SON IS 3C]N$ )! ULTIMATES 9 BO? DIREC;NS2 = BO? ! F/ T]MS &! LA/ >E OBJECTS ( 9TUITIVE R1SON & N ( >GU;T1 &! 9TUITIVE R1SON : IS PRESUPPOS$ 0DEMON/R,NS GRASPS ! UN*ANGEA# & F/ T]MS1 :ILE ! 9TUITIVE R1SON 9VOLV$ 9 PRACTICAL R1SON+S GRASPS ! LA/ & V>IA# FACT1 I4E4 ! M9OR PREMISS4 ,= ^! V>IA# FACTS >E ! />T+-PO9TS =! APPREH5.N (! 5D1 S9CE ! UNIV]SALS >E R1*$ F ! "PICUL>S2 ( ^! "!=E WE M/ H P]CEP;N1 & ? P]CEP;N IS 9TUITIVE R1SON4 ,? IS :Y ^! /ATES >E ?"\ 6BE NATURAL 5D[;TS-:Y1 :ILE NO "O IS ?"\ 6BE A PHILOSOPH] 0NATURE1 P >E ?"\ 6H 0NATURE JUDGE;T1 "U/&+1 & 9TUITIVE R1SON4 ,? IS %[N 0! FACT T WE ?9K \R P[]S CORRESPOND 6\R "T ( LIFE1 & T A "PICUL> AGE BR+S ) X 9TUITIVE R1SON & JUDGE;T2 ? IMPLIES T NATURE IS ! CAUSE4 7,H;E 9TUITIVE R1SON IS BO? 2G9N+ & 5D2 = DEMON/R,NS >E F ^! & AB ^!47 ,"!=E WE "\ 6ATT5D 6! UNDEMON/RAT$ SAY+S & OP9IONS ( EXP]I;ED & OLD] P OR ( P ( PRACTICAL WISDOM N LESS ?AN 6DEMON/R,NS2 = 2C EXP]I;E HAS GIV5 !M AN EYE !Y SEE A"R4 ,WE H /AT$1 !N1 :AT PRACTICAL & PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM >E1 &) :AT EA* ( !M IS 3C]N$1 & WE H SD T EA* IS ! VIRTUE (A DI6]5T "P (! S\L4 #AB ,DI6ICULTIES MIE ! ?+S : X IS ! M>K (A GD MAN 6D1 & WE >E N"O ! M A# 6ACT = "K+ !M IF ! VIRTUES >E /ATES ( "*1 J Z WE >E N"O ! BETT] A# 6ACT = "K+ ! ?+S T >E H1L?Y & S.D1 9 ! S5SE N ( PRODUC+ B ( ISSU+ F ! /ATE ( H1L?2 = WE >E N"O ! M A# 6ACT = HAV+ ! >T ( M$IC9E OR ( GYMNA/ICS4 ,B 7#B7 IF WE >E 6SAY T A MAN %D H PRACTICAL WISDOM N =! SAKE ( "K+ MORAL TRU?S B =! SAKE ( 2COM+ GD1 PRACTICAL WISDOM W 2 ( NO USE 6^? :O >E GD2 AG X IS ( NO USE 6^? :O H N VIRTUE2 = X W MAKE NO DI6];E :E!R !Y H PRACTICAL WISDOM !MVS OR OBEY O!RS :O H X1 & X WD 2 5 = U 6D :AT WE D 9 ! CASE ( H1L?2 ?\< WE WI% 62COME H1L?Y1 YET WE D N LE>N ! >T ( M$IC9E4 7#C7 ,2SS ?1 X WD 2 ?"\ /RANGE IF PRACTICAL WISDOM1 2+ 9F]IOR 6PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM1 IS 6BE PUT 9 AU?OR;Y OV] X1 Z SEEMS 6BE IMPLI$ 0! FACT T ! >T : PRODUCES ANY?+ RULES & ISSUES -M&S AB T ?+4 ,^!1 !N1 >E ! "QS WE M/ 4CUSS2 S F> WE H ONLY /AT$ ! DI6ICULTIES4 ,N[ F/ LET U SAY T 9 !MVS ^! /ATES M/ 2 WOR?Y ( *OICE 2C !Y >E ! VIRTUES (! TWO "PS (! S\L RESPECTIVELY1 EV5 IF NEI ( !M PRODUCE ANY?+4 ,SECONDLY1 !Y D PRODUCE "S?+1 N Z ! >T ( M$IC9E PRODUCES H1L?1 H["E1 B Z H1L? PRODUCES H1L?2 S DOES PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM PRODUCE HAPPI;S2 =1 2+ A "P ( VIRTUE 5TIRE1 02+ POSSESS$ & 0ACTUALIZ+ XF X MAKES A MAN HAPPY4 ,AG1 ! "W ( MAN IS A*IEV$ ONLY 9 A3ORD.E ) PRACTICAL WISDOM Z WELL Z ) MORAL VIRTUE2 = VIRTUE MAKES U AIM AT ! "R M>K1 & PRACTICAL WISDOM MAKES U TAKE ! "R M1NS4 7,(! F\R? "P (! S\L-! NUTRITIVE-"! IS NO S* VIRTUE2 = "! IS NO?+ : X IS 9 XS P[] 6D OR N 6D47 ,) REG>D 6\R 2+ N"O ! M A# 6D 2C ( \R PRACTICAL WISDOM :AT IS NO# & J1 LET U 2G9 A LL FUR!R BACK1 />T+ )! FOLL[+ PR9CIPLE4 ,Z WE SAY T "S P :O D J ACTS >E N NECESS>ILY J1 I4E4 ^? :O D ! ACTS ORDA9$ 0! LAWS EI UNWILL+LY OR [+ 6IGNOR.E OR = "S O!R R1SON & N =! SAKE ( ! ACTS !MVS 7?\<1 6BE SURE1 !Y D :AT !Y %D & ALL ! ?+S T ! GD MAN "\71 S IS X1 X SEEMS1 T 9 ORD] 6BE GD "O M/ 2 9 A C]TA9 /ATE :5 "O DOES ! S"EAL ACTS1 I4E4 "O M/ D !M Z A RESULT ( *OICE &=! SAKE (! ACTS !MVS4 ,N[ VIRTUE MAKES ! *OICE "R1 B ! "Q (! ?+S : %D NATUR,Y 2 D"O 6C>RY \ \R *OICE 2L;GS N 6VIRTUE B 6ANO!R FACULTY4 ,WE M/ DEVOTE \R ATT5;N 6^! MATT]S & GIVE A CLE>] /ATE;T AB !M4 ,"! IS A FACULTY : IS CALL$ CL"E;S2 & ? IS S* Z 6BE A# 6D ! ?+S T T5D T[>DS ! M>K WE H SET 2F \RVS1 & 6HIT X4 ,N[ IF ! M>K 2 NO#1 ! CL"E;S IS LAUDA#1 B IF ! M>K 2 BAD1 ! CL"E;S IS M]E SM>T;S2 H;E WE CALL EV5 M5 ( PRACTICAL WISDOM CL"E OR SM>T4 ,PRACTICAL WISDOM IS N ! FACULTY1 B X DOES N EXI/ )\T ? FACULTY4 ,& ? EYE (! S\L ACQUIRES XS =M$ /ATE N )\T ! AID ( VIRTUE1 Z HAS BE5 SD & IS PLA92 =! SYLLOGISMS : D1L ) ACTS 6BE D"O >E ?+S : 9VOLVE A />T+-PO9T1 VIZ4 ,8S9CE ! 5D1 I4E4 :AT IS BE/1 IS ( S* & S* A NATURE0'1 :AT"E X MAY 2 7LET X =! SAKE ( >GU;T 2 :AT WE PL1SE72 & ? IS N EVID5T EXCEPT 6! GD MAN2 = WICK$;S P]V]TS U & CAUSES U 6BE DCVD AB ! />T+-PO9TS ( AC;N4 ,"!=E X IS EVID5T T X IS IMPOSSI# 6BE PRACTIC,Y WISE )\T 2+ GD4 #AC ,WE M/ "!=E 3SID] VIRTUE AL ONCE M2 = VIRTUE TOO IS SIMIL>LY RELAT$2 Z PRACTICAL WISDOM IS 6CL"E;S-N ! SAME1 B L X-S IS NATURAL VIRTUE 6VIRTUE 9 ! /RICT S5SE4 ,= ALL M5 ?9K T EA* TYPE ( "* 2L;GS 6XS POSSESSORS 9 "S S5SE 0NATURE2 = F ! V MO;T ( BIR? WE >E J OR FITT$ = SELFCONTROL OR BRAVE OR H ! O!R MORAL QUALITIES2 B YET WE SEEK "S?+ ELSE Z T : IS GD 9 ! /RICT S5SE-WE SEEK =! PRES;E ( S* QUALITIES 9 ANO!R WAY4 ,= BO? *N & BRUTES H ! NATURAL 4POSI;NS 6^! QUALITIES1 B )\T R1SON ^! >E EVID5TLY HURT;L4 ,ONLY WE SEEM 6SEE ? M*1 T1 :ILE "O MAY 2 L$ A/RAY 0!M1 Z A /R;G BODY : MOVES )\T SIE TWO TYPES1 CL"E;S & PRACTICAL WISDOM1 S TOO 9 ! MORAL "P "! >E TWO TYPES1 NATURAL VIRTUE & VIRTUE 9 ! /RICT S5SE1 &( ^! ! LATT] 9VOLVES PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,? IS :Y "S SAY T ALL ! VIRTUES >E =MS ( PRACTICAL WISDOM1 & :Y ,SOCRATES 9 "O RESPECT 0 ON ! "R TRACK :ILE 9 ANO!R HE W5T A/RAY2 9 ?9K+ T ALL ! VIRTUES 7 =MS ( PRACTICAL WISDOM HE 0 WR;G1 B 9 SAY+ !Y IMPLI$ PRACTICAL WISDOM HE 0 "R4 ,? IS 3FIRM$ 0! FACT T EV5 N[ ALL M51 :5 !Y DEF9E VIRTUE1 AF NAM+ ! /ATE ( "* & XS OBJECTS ADD ,8T 7/ATE7 : IS 9 A3ORD.E )! "R RULE0'2 N[ ! "R RULE IS T : IS 9 A3ORD.E ) PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,ALL M51 !N1 SEEM "SH[ 6DIV9E T ? K9D ( /ATE IS VIRTUE1 VIZ4 T : IS 9 A3ORD.E ) PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,B WE M/ G A LL FUR!R4 ,= X IS N M]ELY ! /ATE 9 A3ORD.E )! "R RULE1 B ! /ATE T IMPLIES ! PRES;E (! "R RULE1 T IS VIRTUE2 & PRACTICAL WISDOM IS A "R RULE AB S* MATT]S4 ,SOCRATES1 !N1 ?"\ ! VIRTUES 7 RULES OR R,NAL PR9CIPLES 7= HE ?"\ !Y W]E1 ALL ( !M1 =MS ( SCI5TIFIC K71 :ILE WE ?9K !Y 9VOLVE A R,NAL PR9CIPLE4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 F :AT HAS BE5 SD1 T X IS N POSSI# 6BE GD 9 ! /RICT S5SE )\T PRACTICAL WISDOM1 NOR PRACTIC,Y WISE )\T MORAL VIRTUE4 ,B 9 ? WAY WE MAY AL REFUTE ! DIALECTICAL >GU;T ":BY X MI,N F EA* O!R2 ! SAME MAN1 X MIT ( M$IC9E IS OV] H1L?2 = X DOES N USE X B PROVIDES = XS -+ 962+2 X ISSUES ORD]S1 !N1 = XS SAKE1 B N 6X4 ,FUR!R1 6MA9TA9 XS SUPREMACY WD 2 L SAY+ T ! >T ( POLITICS RULES ! GODS 2C X ISSUES ORD]S AB ALL ! A6AIRS (! /ATE4