,,BOOK ;,X
                   #A
  ,AF ^! MATT]S WE "\ P]H NEXT 64CUSS
PL1SURE4 ,= X IS ?"\ 6BE MO/ 9TIMATELY
3NECT$ ) \R HUMAN NATURE1 : IS ! R1SON
:Y 9 $UCAT+ ! "Y WE /E] !M 0! RU4]S (
PL1SURE & PA92 X IS ?"\1 TOO1 T 65JOY !
?+S WE "\ & 6HATE ! ?+S WE "\ HAS !
GRTE/ BE>+ ON VIRTUE ( "*4 ,= ^! ?+S
EXT5D "R "? LIFE1 )A WEI<T & P[] ( _! [N
9 RESPECT BO? 6VIRTUE & 6! HAPPY LIFE1
S9CE M5 *OOSE :AT IS PL1SANT & AVOID :AT
IS PA9;L2 & S* ?+S1 X W 2 ?"\1 WE %D L1/
( ALL OMIT 64CUSS1 ESPECI,Y S9CE !Y
ADMIT ( M* 4PUTE4 ,= "S SAY PL1SURE IS !
GD1 :ILE O!RS1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 SAY X IS
?OR\<LY BAD-"S NO D\BT 2+ P]SUAD$ T !
FACTS >E S1 & O!RS ?9K+ X HAS A BETT]
E6ECT ON \R LIFE 6EXHIBIT PL1SURE Z A
BAD ?+ EV5 IF X IS N2 = MO/ P 7!Y ?9K7
9CL9E T[>DS X & >E ! SLAVES ( _!
PL1SURES1 = : R1SON !Y "\ 6L1D !M 9 !
OPPOSITE DIREC;N1 S9CE ?US !Y W R1* !
MI4LE /ATE4 ,B SURELY ? IS N CORRECT4 ,=
>GU;TS AB MATT]S 3C]N$ ) FEEL+S & AC;NS
>E LESS RELIA# ?AN FACTS3 & S :5 !Y CLA%
)! FACTS ( P]CEP;N !Y >E DESPIS$1 &
4CR$IT ! TRU? Z WELL2 IF A MAN :O RUNS
D[N PL1SURE IS ONCE SE5 6BE ALM+ AT X1 8
9CL9+ T[>DS X IS ?"\ 6IMPLY T X IS ALL
WOR?Y ( 2+ AIM$ AT2 = MO/ P >E N GD AT
DRAW+ 4T9C;NS4 ,TRUE >GU;TS SEEM1 !N1
MO/ USE;L1 N ONLY )A VIEW 6K1 B )A VIEW
6LIFE AL2 = S9CE !Y H>MONIZE )! FACTS !Y
>E 2LIEV$1 & S !Y /IMULATE ^? :O "U/& !M
6LIVE AC 6!M4-,5\< ( S* "QS2 LET U
PROCE$ 6REVIEW ! OP9IONS T H BE5
EXPRESS$ AB PL1SURE4

                   #B
  ,EUDOXUS ?"\ PL1SURE 0 ! GD 2C HE SAW
ALL ?+S1 BO? R,NAL & IRR,NAL1 AIM+ AT X1
& 2C 9 ALL ?+S T : IS ! OBJECT ( *OICE
IS :AT IS EXCELL5T1 & T : IS MO/ !
OBJECT ( *OICE ! GRTE/ GD2 ?US ! FACT T
ALL ?+S MOV$ T[>DS ! SAME OBJECT 9DICAT$
T ? 0 = ALL ?+S ! *IEF GD 7= EA* ?+1 HE
>GU$1 F9DS XS [N GD1 Z X F9DS XS [N
N\RI%;T72 & T : IS GD = ALL ?+S & AT :
ALL AIM 0 ! GD4 ,8 >GU;TS 7 CR$IT$ M 2C
(! EXCELL;E ( 8 "* ?AN = _! [N SAKE2 HE
0 ?"\ 6BE REM>KABLY SELF-3TROLL$1 & "!=E
X 0 ?"\ T HE 0 N SAY+ :AT HE DID SAY Z A
FR ( PL1SURE1 B T ! FACTS RE,Y 7 S4 ,HE
2LIEV$ T ! SAME 3CLU.N FOLL[$ NO LESS
PLA9LY F A /UDY (! 3TR>Y ( PL1SURE2 PA9
0 9 XF AN OBJECT ( AV].N 6ALL ?+S1 &
"!=E XS 3TR>Y M/ 2 SIMIL>LY AN OBJECT (
*OICE4 ,& AG T IS MO/ AN OBJECT ( *OICE
: WE *OOSE N 2C OR =! SAKE ( "S?+ ELSE1
& PL1SURE IS ADMITT$LY ( ? NATURE2 = NO
"O ASKS 6:AT 5D HE IS PL1S$1 ?US IMPLY+
T PL1SURE IS 9 XF AN OBJECT ( *OICE4
,FUR!R1 HE >GU$ T PL1SURE :5 A4$ 6ANY
GD1 E4G4 6J OR TEMP]ATE AC;N1 MAKES X M
WOR?Y ( *OICE1 & T X IS ONLY 0XF T ! GD
C 2 9CR1S$4
  ,? >GU;T SEEMS 6%[ X 6BE "O (! GDS1 &
NO M A GD ?AN ANY O!R2 = E GD IS M WOR?Y
( *OICE AL;G ) ANO!R GD ?AN TAK5 AL"O4
,& S X IS 0AN >GU;T ( ? K9D T ,PLATO
PROVES ! GD N 6BE PL1SURE2 HE >GUES T !
PL1SANT LIFE IS M DESIRA# ) WISDOM ?AN
)\T1 & T IF ! MIXTURE IS BETT]1 PL1SURE
IS N ! GD2 =! GD _C 2COME M DESIRA# 0!
A4I;N ( ANY?+ 6X4 ,N[ X IS CLE> T NO?+
ELSE1 ANY M ?AN PL1SURE1 C 2 ! GD IF X
IS MADE M DESIRA# 0! A4I;N ( ANY (! ?+S
T >E GD 9 !MVS4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS "! T
SATISFIES ? CRIT]ION1 : AT ! SAME "T WE
C "PICIPATE IN8 ,X IS "S?+ ( ? SORT T WE
>E LOOK+ =4 ,^? :O OBJECT T T AT : ALL
?+S AIM IS N NECESS>ILY GD >E1 WE MAY
SURMISE1 TALK+ NONS5SE4 ,= WE SAY T T :
E "O ?9KS RE,Y IS S2 &! MAN :O ATTACKS ?
2LIEF W H>DLY H ANY?+ M CR$I# 6MA9TA9
9/1D4 ,IF X IS S5SE.S CR1TURES T DESIRE
! ?+S 9 "Q1 "! MI<T 2 "S?+ 9 :AT !Y SAY2
B IF 9TELLIG5T CR1TURES D S Z WELL1 :AT
S5SE C "! 2 9 ? VIEW8 ,B P]H EV5 9
9F]IOR CR1TURES "! IS "S NATURAL GD
/R;G] ?AN !MVS : AIMS AT _! PROP] GD4
  ,NOR DOES ! >GU;T AB ! 3TR>Y ( PL1SURE
SEEM 6BE CORRECT4 ,!Y SAY T IF PA9 IS AN
EVIL X DOES N FOLL[ T PL1SURE IS A GD2 =
EVIL IS OPPOS$ 6EVIL & AT ! SAME "T BO?
>E OPPOS$ 6! NEUTRAL /ATE-: IS CORRECT 5
B DOES N APPLY 6! ?+S 9 "Q4 ,= IF BO?
PL1SURE & PA9 2L;G$ 6! CLASS ( EVILS !Y
"\ BO? 6BE OBJECTS ( AV].N1 :ILE IF !Y
2L;G$ 6! CLASS ( NEUTRALS NEI %D 2 AN
OBJECT ( AV].N OR !Y %D BO? 2 EQU,Y S2 B
9 FACT P EVID5TLY AVOID ! "O Z EVIL &
*OOSE ! O!R Z GD2 T !N M/ 2 ! NATURE (!
OPPOSI;N 2T !M4
                   #C
  ,NOR AG1 IF PL1SURE IS N A QUAL;Y1
DOES X FOLL[ T X IS N A GD2 =!
ACTIVITIES ( VIRTUE >E N QUALITIES EI1
NOR IS HAPPI;S4 ,!Y SAY1 H["E1 T ! GD IS
DET]M9ATE1 :ILE PL1SURE IS 9DET]M9ATE1
2C X ADMITS ( DEGREES4 ,N[ IF X IS F !
FEEL+ ( PL1SURE T !Y JUDGE ?US1 ! SAME W
2 TRUE ( JU/ICE &! O!R VIRTUES1 9
RESPECT ( : WE PLA9LY SAY T P (A C]TA9
"* >E S M OR LESS1 & ACT M OR LESS 9
A3ORD.E ) ^! VIRTUES2 = P MAY 2 M J OR
BRAVE1 & X IS POSSI# AL 6ACT JU/LY OR
TEMP]ATELY M OR LESS4 ,B IF _! JUDGE;T
IS BAS$ ON ! V>I\S PL1SURES1 SURELY !Y
>E N /AT+ ! R1L CAUSE1 IF 9 FACT "S
PL1SURES >E UNMIX$ & O!RS MIX$4 ,AG1 J Z
H1L? ADMITS ( DEGREES )\T 2+ 9DET]M9ATE1
:Y %D N PL1SURE8 ,! SAME PROPOR;N IS N
F.D 9 ALL ?+S1 NOR A S+LE PROPOR;N ALW 9
! SAME ?+1 B X MAY 2 RELAX$ & YET P]SI/
UP 6A PO9T1 & X MAY DI6] 9 DEGREE4 ,!
CASE ( PL1SURE AL MAY "!=E 2 ( ? K9D4
  ,AG1 !Y ASSUME T ! GD IS P]FECT :ILE
MOVE;TS & -+S 962+ >E IMP]FECT1 & TRY
6EXHIBIT PL1SURE Z 2+ A MOVE;T &A -+
962+4 ,B !Y D N SEEM 6BE "R EV5 9 SAY+ T
X IS A MOVE;T4 ,= SPE$ & SL[;S >E ?"\
6BE PROP] 6E MOVE;T1 & IF A MOVE;T1 E4G4
T (! H1V5S1 HAS N SPE$ OR SL[;S 9 XF1 X
HAS X 9 REL,N 6"S?+ ELSE2 B ( PL1SURE
NEI ( ^! ?+S IS TRUE4 ,= :ILE WE MAY
2COME PL1S$ QKLY Z WE MAY 2COME ANGRY
QKLY1 WE _C 2 PL1S$ QKLY1 N EV5 9 REL,N
6"S "O ELSE1 :ILE WE C WALK1 OR GR[1 OR
! L1 QKLY4 ,:ILE1 !N1 WE C *ANGE QKLY OR
SL[LY 96A /ATE ( PL1SURE1 WE _C QKLY
EXHIBIT ! ACTIV;Y ( PL1SURE1 I4E4 2
PL1S$4 ,AG1 H[ C X 2 A -+ 962+8 ,X IS N
?"\ T ANY *.E ?+ C -E \ ( ANY *.E ?+1 B
T A ?+ IS 4SOLV$ 96T \ ( : X -ES 962+2 &
PA9 WD 2 ! DE/RUC;N ( T ( : PL1SURE IS !
-+ 962+4
  ,!Y SAY1 TOO1 T PA9 IS ! LACK ( T : IS
AC 6NATURE1 & PL1SURE IS REPL5I%;T4 ,B
^! EXP]I;ES >E BODILY4 ,IF !N PL1SURE IS
REPL5I%;T ) T : IS AC 6NATURE1 T : FEELS
PL1SURE W 2 T 9 : ! REPL5I%;T TAKES
PLACE1 I4E4 ! BODY2 B T IS N ?"\ 6BE !
CASE2 "!=E ! REPL5I%;T IS N PL1SURE1 ?\<
"O WD 2 PL1S$ :5 REPL5I%;T 0 TAK+ PLACE1
J Z "O WD 2 PA9$ IF "O 0 2+ OP]AT$ ON4
,? OP9ION SEEMS 6BE BAS$ ON ! PA9S &
PL1SURES 3NECT$ ) NUTRI;N2 ON ! FACT T
:5 P H BE5 %ORT ( FOOD & H FELT PA9 2FH&
!Y >E PL1S$ 0! REPL5I%;T4 ,B ? DOES N
HAPP5 ) ALL PL1SURES2 =! PL1SURES (
LE>N+ &1 AM;G ! S5SU\S PL1SURES1 ^? (
SMELL1 & AL _M S.DS & SI<TS1 & MEMORIES
& HOPES1 D N PRESUPPOSE PA94 ,( :AT !N W
^! 2 ! -+ 962+8 ,"! HAS N BE5 LACK (
ANY?+ ( : !Y CD 2 ! SUPPLY+ ANEW4
  ,9 REPLY 6^? :O BR+ =W>D ! 4GRACE;L
PL1SURES "O MAY SAY T ^! >E N PL1SANT2
IF ?+S >E PL1SANT 6P ( VICI\S 3/ITU;N1
WE M/ N SUPPOSE T !Y >E AL PL1SANT 6O!RS
?AN ^!1 J Z WE D N R1SON S AB ! ?+S T >E
:OLE"S OR SWEET OR BITT] 6SICK P1 OR
ASCRIBE :ITE;S 6! ?+S T SEEM :ITE 6^?
SU6]+ F A 41SE (! EYE4 ,OR "O MI<T ANSW]
?US-T ! PL1SURES >E DESIRA#1 B N F ^!
S\RCES1 Z W1L? IS DESIRA#1 B N Z ! REW>D
( 2TRAYAL1 & H1L?1 B N AT ! CO/ ( EAT+
ANY?+ & "EY?+4 ,OR P]H PL1SURES DI6] 9
K9D2 = ^? DERIV$ F NO# S\RCES >E DI6]5T
F ^? DERIV$ F BASE S\RCES1 & "O _C !
PL1SURE (! J MAN )\T 2+ J1 NOR T (!
MUSICAL MAN )\T 2+ MUSICAL1 & S ON4
  ,! FACT1 TOO1 T A FR IS DI6]5T F A
FLATT]] SEEMS 6MAKE X PLA9 T PL1SURE IS
N A GD OR T PL1SURES >E DI6]5T 9 K9D2 =!
"O IS ?"\ 63SORT ) U )A VIEW 6! GD1 !
O!R )A VIEW 6\R PL1SURE1 &! "O IS
REPROA*$ = 8 3DUCT :ILE ! O!R IS PRAIS$
ON ! GR.D T HE 3SORTS ) U = DI6]5T 5DS4
,& NO "O WD *OOSE 6LIVE )! 9TELLECT (A *
"?\T 8 LIFE1 H["E M* HE 7 6BE PL1S$ AT !
?+S T *N >E PL1S$ AT1 NOR 6GET 5JOY;T
0DO+ "S MO/ 4GRACE;L DE$1 ?\< HE 7 N"E
6FEEL ANY PA9 9 3SEQU;E4 ,& "! >E _M ?+S
WE %D 2 KE5 AB EV5 IF !Y BR"\ NO
PL1SURE1 E4G4 SEE+1 REMEMB]+1 "K+1
POSSESS+ ! VIRTUES4 ,IF PL1SURES
NECESS>ILY D A3OMPANY ^!1 T MAKES NO
O4S2 WE %D *OOSE ^! EV5 IF NO PL1SURE
RESULT$4 ,X SEEMS 6BE CLE>1 !N1 T NEI IS
PL1SURE ! GD NOR IS ALL PL1SURE DESIRA#1
& T "S PL1SURES >E DESIRA# 9 !MVS1 DI6]+
9 K9D OR 9 _! S\RCES F ! O!RS4 ,S M* =!
?+S T >E SD AB PL1SURE & PA94
                   #D
  ,:AT PL1SURE IS1 OR :AT K9D ( ?+ X IS1
W 2COME PLA9] IF WE TAKE UP ! "Q AGA F !
2G9N+4 ,SEE+ SEEMS 6BE AT ANY MO;T
-PLETE1 = X DOES N LACK ANY?+ : -+ 962+
LAT] W -PLETE XS =M2 & PL1SURE AL SEEMS
6BE ( ? NATURE4 ,= X IS A :OLE1 & AT NO
"T C "O F9D A PL1SURE ^: =M W 2 -PLET$
IF ! PL1SURE LA/S L;G]4 ,= ? R1SON1 TOO1
X IS N A MOVE;T4 ,= E MOVE;T 7E4G4 T (
BUILD+7 TAKES "T & IS =! SAKE ( AN 5D1 &
IS -PLETE :5 X HAS MADE :AT X AIMS AT4
,X IS -PLETE1 "!=E1 ONLY 9 ! :OLE "T OR
AT T F9AL MO;T4 ,9 _! "PS & DUR+ ! "T !Y
O3UPY1 ALL MOVE;TS >E 9COMPLETE1 & >E
DI6]5T 9 K9D F ! :OLE MOVE;T & F EA*
O!R4 ,=! FITT+ TGR (! /"OS IS DI6]5T F !
FLUT+ (! COLUMN1 & ^! >E BO? DI6]5T F !
MAK+ (! TEMPLE2 &! MAK+ (! TEMPLE IS
-PLETE 7= X LACKS NO?+ )A VIEW 6! 5D
PROPOS$71 B ! MAK+ (! BASE OR (!
TRIGLYPH IS 9COMPLETE2 = EA* IS ! MAK+ (
ONLY A "P4 ,!Y DI6] 9 K9D1 !N1 & X IS N
POSSI# 6F9D AT ANY & E "T A MOVE;T
-PLETE 9 =M1 B IF AT ALL1 ONLY 9 ! :OLE
"T4 ,S1 TOO1 9 ! CASE ( WALK+ & ALL O!R
MOVE;TS4 ,= IF LOCOMO;N IS A MOVE;T F
6"!1 X1 TOO1 HAS DI6];ES 9 K9D-FLY+1
WALK+1 L1P+1 & S ON4 ,& N ONLY S1 B 9
WALK+ XF "! >E S* DI6];ES2 =! :;E & :I!R
>E N ! SAME 9 ! :OLE RACEC\RSE & 9 A "P
( X1 NOR 9 "O "P & 9 ANO!R1 NOR IS X !
SAME ?+ 6TRAV]SE ? L9E & T2 = "O
TRAV]SES N ONLY A L9E B "O : IS 9 A
PLACE1 & ? "O IS 9 A DI6]5T PLACE F T4
,WE H 4CUSS$ MOVE;T ) PRECI.N 9 ANO!R
"W1 B X SEEMS T X IS N -PLETE AT ANY & E
"T1 B T ! _M MOVE;TS >E 9COMPLETE &
DI6]5T 9 K9D1 S9CE ! :;E & :I!R GIVE !M
_! =M4 ,B ( PL1SURE ! =M IS -PLETE AT
ANY & E "T4 ,PLA9LY1 !N1 PL1SURE &
MOVE;T M/ 2 DI6]5T F EA* O!R1 & PL1SURE
M/ 2 "O (! ?+S T >E :OLE & -PLETE4 ,? WD
SEEM 6BE ! CASE1 TOO1 F ! FACT T X IS N
POSSI# 6MOVE O!RWISE ?AN 9 "T1 B X IS
POSSI# 6BE PL1S$2 = T : TAKES PLACE 9 A
MO;T IS A :OLE4
  ,F ^! 3SID],NS X IS CLE>1 TOO1 T ^!
?9K]S >E N "R 9 SAY+ "! IS A MOVE;T OR A
-+ 962+ ( PL1SURE4 ,= ^! _C 2 ASCRIB$
6ALL ?+S1 B ONLY 6^? T >E DIVISI# & N
:OLES2 "! IS NO -+ 962+ ( SEE+ NOR (A
PO9T NOR (A UNIT1 NOR IS ANY ( ^! A
MOVE;T OR -+ 962+2 "!=E "! IS NO MOVE;T
OR -+ 962+ ( PL1SURE EI2 = X IS A :OLE4
  ,S9CE E S5SE IS ACTIVE 9 REL,N 6XS
OBJECT1 &A S5SE : IS 9 GD 3DI;N ACTS
P]FECTLY 9 REL,N 6! MO/ B1UTI;L ( XS
OBJECTS 7= P]FECT ACTIV;Y SEEMS 6BE
IDE,Y ( ? NATURE2 :E!R WE SAY T X IS
ACTIVE1 OR ! ORGAN 9 : X RESIDES1 MAY 2
ASSUM$ 6BE IMMAT]IAL71 X FOLL[S T 9 !
CASE ( EA* S5SE ! BE/ ACTIV;Y IS T (!
BE/-3DI;N$ ORGAN 9 REL,N 6! F9E/ ( XS
OBJECTS4 ,& ? ACTIV;Y W 2 ! MO/ -PLETE &
PL1SANT4 ,=1 :ILE "! IS PL1SURE 9
RESPECT ( ANY S5SE1 & 9 RESPECT ( ?"\ &
3TEMPL,N NO LESS1 ! MO/ -PLETE IS
PL1SANTE/1 & T (A WELL-3DI;N$ ORGAN 9
REL,N 6! WOR?IE/ ( XS OBJECTS IS ! MO/
-PLETE2 &! PL1SURE -PLETES ! ACTIV;Y4 ,B
! PL1SURE DOES N -PLETE X 9 ! SAME WAY Z
! -B9,N ( OBJECT & S5SE1 BO? GD1 J Z
H1L? &! DOCTOR >E N 9 ! SAME WAY ! CAUSE
(A MAN'S 2+ H1L?Y4 7,T PL1SURE IS
PRODUC$ 9 RESPECT 6EA* S5SE IS PLA92 =
WE SP1K ( SI<TS & S.DS Z PL1SANT4 ,X IS
AL PLA9 T X >ISES MO/ ( ALL :5 BO? !
S5SE IS AT XS BE/ & X IS ACTIVE 9 REF];E
6AN OBJECT : CORRESPONDS2 :5 BO? OBJECT
& P]CVR >E (! BE/ "! W ALW 2 PL1SURE1
S9CE ! REQUISITE AG5T & PATI5T >E BO?
PRES5T47 ,PL1SURE -PLETES ! ACTIV;Y N Z
! CORRESPOND+ P]MAN5T /ATE DOES1 0XS
IMMAN;E1 B Z AN 5D : SUP]V5ES Z ! BLOOM
( Y\? DOES ON ^? 9 ! FL[] ( _! AGE4 ,S
L;G1 !N1 Z BO? ! 9TELLIGI# OR S5SI#
OBJECT &! 4CRIM9AT+ OR 3TEMPLATIVE
FACULTY >E Z !Y %D BE1 ! PL1SURE W 2
9VOLV$ 9 ! ACTIV;Y2 = :5 BO? ! PASSIVE &
! ACTIVE FACTOR >E UN*ANG$ & >E RELAT$
6EA* O!R 9 ! SAME WAY1 ! SAME RESULT
NATUR,Y FOLL[S4
  ,H[1 !N1 IS X T NO "O IS 3T9U\SLY
PL1S$8 ,IS X T WE GR[ WE>Y8 ,C]TA9LY ALL
HUMAN 2+S >E 9CAPA# ( 3T9U\S ACTIV;Y4
,"!=E PL1SURE AL IS N 3T9U\S2 = X
A3OMPANIES ACTIV;Y4 ,"S ?+S DELI<T U :5
!Y >E NEW1 B LAT] D S LESS1 =! SAME
R1SON2 = AT F/ ! M9D IS 9 A /ATE (
/IMUL,N & 9T5SELY ACTIVE AB !M1 Z P >E )
RESPECT 6_! VI.N :5 !Y LOOK H>D AT A ?+1
B AFWS \R ACTIV;Y IS N ( ? K9D1 B HAS
GR[N RELAX$2 = : R1SON ! PL1SURE AL IS
DULL$4
  ,"O MI<T ?9K T ALL M5 DESIRE PL1SURE
2C !Y ALL AIM AT LIFE2 LIFE IS AN
ACTIV;Y1 & EA* MAN IS ACTIVE AB ^? ?+S &
) ^? FACULTIES T HE LOVES MO/2 E4G4 !
MUSICIAN IS ACTIVE ) 8 HE>+ 9 REF];E
6TUNES1 ! /UD5T ) 8 M9D 9 REF];E
6!ORETICAL "QS1 & S ON 9 EA* CASE2 N[
PL1SURE -PLETES ! ACTIVITIES1 & "!=E
LIFE1 : !Y DESIRE4 ,X IS ) GD R1SON1 !N1
T !Y AIM AT PL1SURE TOO1 S9CE = E "O X
-PLETES LIFE1 : IS DESIRA#4 ,B :E!R WE
*OOSE LIFE =! SAKE ( PL1SURE OR PL1SURE
=! SAKE ( LIFE IS A "Q WE MAY 4MISS =!
PRES5T4 ,= !Y SEEM 6BE B.D UP TGR & N
6ADMIT ( SEP>,N1 S9CE )\T ACTIV;Y
PL1SURE DOES N >ISE1 & E ACTIV;Y IS
-PLET$ 0! ATT5DANT PL1SURE4
                   #E
  ,= ? R1SON PL1SURES SEEM1 TOO1 6DI6] 9
K9D4 ,= ?+S DI6]5T 9 K9D >E1 WE ?9K1
-PLET$ 0DI6]5T ?+S 7WE SEE ? 6BE TRUE
BO? ( NATURAL OBJECTS &( ?+S PRODUC$
0>T1 E4G4 ANIMALS1 TREES1 A PA9T+1 A
SCULPTURE1 A H\SE1 AN IMPLE;T72 &1
SIMIL>LY1 WE ?9K T ACTIVITIES DI6]+ 9
K9D >E -PLET$ 0?+S DI6]+ 9 K9D4 ,N[ !
ACTIVITIES ( ?"\ DI6] F ^? (! S5SES1 &
BO? DI6] AM;G !MVS1 9 K9D2 S1 "!=E1 D !
PL1SURES T -PLETE !M4
  ,? MAY 2 SE51 TOO1 F ! FACT T EA* (!
PL1SURES IS B.D UP )! ACTIV;Y X -PLETES4
,= AN ACTIV;Y IS 9T5SIFI$ 0XS PROP]
PL1SURE1 S9CE EA* CLASS ( ?+S IS BETT]
JUDG$ (& BR"\ 6PRECI.N 0^? :O 5GAGE 9 !
ACTIV;Y ) PL1SURE2 E4G4 X IS ^? :O 5JOY
GEOMETRICAL ?9K+ T 2COME GEOMET]S &
GRASP ! V>I\S PROPOSI;NS BETT]1 &1
SIMIL>LY1 ^? :O >E FOND ( MUSIC OR (
BUILD+1 & S ON1 MAKE PROGRESS 9 _! PROP]
FUNC;N 05JOY+ X2 S ! PL1SURES 9T5SIFY !
ACTIVITIES1 & :AT 9T5SIFIES A ?+ IS
PROP] 6X1 B ?+S DI6]5T 9 K9D H PROP]TIES
DI6]5T 9 K9D4
  ,? W 2 EV5 M APP>5T F ! FACT T
ACTIVITIES >E H9D]$ 0PL1SURES >IS+ F O!R
S\RCES4 ,= P :O >E FOND ( PLAY+ ! FLUTE
>E 9CAPA# ( ATT5D+ 6>GU;TS IF !Y OV]HE>
"S "O PLAY+ ! FLUTE1 S9CE !Y 5JOY FLUTE-
PLAY+ M ?AN ! ACTIV;Y 9 H&2 S ! PL1SURE
3NECT$ ) FLUTEPLAY+ DE/ROYS ! ACTIV;Y
3C]N$ ) >GU;T4 ,? HAPP5S1 SIMIL>LY1 9
ALL O!R CASES1 :5 "O IS ACTIVE AB TWO
?+S AT ONCE2 ! M PL1SANT ACTIV;Y DRIVES
\ ! O!R1 & IF X IS M* M PL1SANT DOES S
ALL ! M1 S T "O EV5 C1SES F ! O!R4 ,? IS
:Y :5 WE 5JOY ANY?+ V M* WE D N ?R[ \RVS
96ANY?+ ELSE1 & D "O ?+ ONLY :5 WE >E N
M* PL1S$ 0ANO!R2 E4G4 9 ! !ATRE ! P :O
EAT SWEETS D S MO/ :5 ! ACTORS >E POOR4
,N[ S9CE ACTIVITIES >E MADE PRECISE & M
5DUR+ & BETT] 0_! PROP] PL1SURE1 & 9JUR$
0ALI5 PL1SURES1 EVID5TLY ! TWO K9DS (
PL1SURE >E F> A"P4 ,= ALI5 PL1SURES D
PRETTY M* :AT PROP] PA9S D1 S9CE
ACTIVITIES >E DE/ROY$ 0_! PROP] PA9S2
E4G4 IF A MAN F9DS WRIT+ OR DO+ SUMS
UNPL1SANT & PA9;L1 HE DOES N WRITE1 OR
DOES N D SUMS1 2C ! ACTIV;Y IS PA9;L4 ,S
AN ACTIV;Y SU6]S 3TR>Y E6ECTS F XS PROP]
PL1SURES & PA9S1 I4E4 F ^? T SUP]V5E ON
X 9 VIRTUE ( XS [N NATURE4 ,& ALI5
PL1SURES H BE5 /AT$ 6D M* ! SAME Z PA92
!Y DE/ROY ! ACTIV;Y1 ONLY N 6! SAME
DEGREE4
  ,N[ S9CE ACTIVITIES DI6] 9 RESPECT (
GD;S & BAD;S1 & "S >E WOR?Y 6BE *OS51
O!RS 6BE AVOID$1 & O!RS NEUTRAL1 S1 TOO1
>E ! PL1SURES2 = 6EA* ACTIV;Y "! IS A
PROP] PL1SURE4 ,! PL1SURE PROP] 6A WOR?Y
ACTIV;Y IS GD & T PROP] 6AN UNWOR?Y
ACTIV;Y BAD2 J Z ! APPETITES = NO#
OBJECTS >E LAUDA#1 ^? = BASE OBJECTS
CULPA#4 ,B ! PL1SURES 9VOLV$ 9
ACTIVITIES >E M PROP] 6!M ?AN ! DESIRES2
=! LATT] >E SEP>AT$ BO? 9 "T & 9 NATURE1
:ILE ! =M] >E CLOSE 6! ACTIVITIES1 & S
H>D 64T+UI% F !M T X ADMITS ( 4PUTE :E!R
! ACTIV;Y IS N ! SAME Z ! PL1SURE4 7,/1
PL1SURE DOES N SEEM 6BE ?"\ OR P]CEP;N-T
WD 2 /RANGE2 B 2C !Y >E N F.D A"P !Y
APPE> 6"S P ! SAME47 ,Z ACTIVITIES >E
DI6]5T1 !N1 S >E ! CORRESPOND+ PL1SURES4
,N[ SI<T IS SUP]IOR 6T\* 9 PUR;Y1 & HE>+
& SMELL 6TA/E2 ! PL1SURES1 "!=E1 >E
SIMIL>LY SUP]IOR1 & ^? ( ?"\ SUP]IOR
6^!1 & )9 EA* (! TWO K9DS "S >E SUP]IOR
6O!RS4
  ,EA* ANIMAL IS ?"\ 6H A PROP] PL1SURE1
Z X HAS A PROP] FUNC;N2 VIZ4 T :
CORRESPONDS 6XS ACTIV;Y4 ,IF WE SURVEY
!M SPECIES 0SPECIES1 TOO1 ? W 2 EVID5T2
HORSE1 DOG1 & MAN H DI6]5T PL1SURES1 Z
,H]ACLITUS SAYS ,8ASSES WD PREF] SWEEP+S
6GOLD0'2 = FOOD IS PL1SANT] ?AN GOLD
6ASSES4 ,S ! PL1SURES ( CR1TURES DI6]5T
9 K9D DI6] 9 K9D1 & X IS PLAUSI#
6SUPPOSE T ^? (A S+LE SPECIES D N DI6]4
,B !Y V>Y 6NO SMALL EXT5T1 9 ! CASE ( M5
AT L1/2 ! SAME ?+S DELI<T "S P & PA9
O!RS1 & >E PA9;L & ODI\S 6"S1 & PL1SANT
6& LIK$ 0O!RS4 ,? HAPP5S1 TOO1 9 ! CASE
( SWEET ?+S2 ! SAME ?+S D N SEEM SWEET
6A MAN 9 A FEV] &A H1L?Y MAN-NOR HOT 6A
W1K MAN & "O 9 GD 3DI;N4 ,! SAME HAPP5S
9 O!R CASES4 ,B 9 ALL S* MATT]S T :
APPE>S 6! GD MAN IS ?"\ 6BE RE,Y S4 ,IF
? IS CORRECT1 Z X SEEMS 6BE1 & VIRTUE &!
GD MAN Z S* >E ! M1SURE ( EA* ?+1 ^? AL
W 2 PL1SURES : APPE> S 6HM1 & ^? ?+S
PL1SANT : HE 5JOYS4 ,IF ! ?+S HE F9DS
TIRE"S SEEM PL1SANT 6"S "O1 T IS NO?+
SURPRIS+2 = M5 MAY 2 RU9$ & SPOILT 9 _M
WAYS2 B ! ?+S >E N PL1SANT1 B ONLY
PL1SANT 6^! P & 6P 9 ? 3DI;N4 ,^? : >E
ADMITT$LY 4GRACE;L PLA9LY %D N 2 SD 6BE
PL1SURES1 EXCEPT 6A P]V]T$ TA/E2 B ( ^?
T >E ?"\ 6BE GD :AT K9D ( PL1SURE OR :AT
PL1SURE %D 2 SD 6BE T PROP] 6MAN8 ,IS X
N PLA9 F ! CORRESPOND+ ACTIVITIES8 ,!
PL1SURES FOLL[ ^!4 ,:E!R1 !N1 ! P]FECT &
SUPREMELY HAPPY MAN HAS "O OR M
ACTIVITIES1 ! PL1SURES T P]FECT ^! W 2
SD 9 ! /RICT S5SE 6BE PL1SURES PROP]
6MAN1 &! RE/ W 2 S 9 A SECOND>Y &
FRAC;NAL WAY1 Z >E ! ACTIVITIES4
                   #F
  ,N[ T WE H SPOK5 (! VIRTUES1 ! =MS (
FR%IP1 &! V>IETIES ( PL1SURE1 :AT REMA9S
IS 64CUSS 9 \TL9E ! NATURE ( HAPPI;S1
S9CE ? IS :AT WE /ATE ! 5D ( HUMAN
NATURE 6BE4 ,\R 4CUS.N W 2 ! M 3CISE IF
WE F/ SUM UP :AT WE H SD ALR4 ,WE SD1
!N1 T X IS N A 4POSI;N2 = IF X 7 X MI<T
2L;G 6"S "O :O 0 ASLEEP "?\T 8 LIFE1
LIV+ ! LIFE (A PLANT1 OR1 AG1 6"S "O :O
0 SU6]+ ! GRTE/ MIS=TUNES4 ,IF ^!
IMPLIC,NS >E UNA3EPTA#1 & WE M/ R CLASS
HAPPI;S Z AN ACTIV;Y1 Z WE H SD 2F1 & IF
"S ACTIVITIES >E NEC1 & DESIRA# =! SAKE
( "S?+ ELSE1 :ILE O!RS >E S 9 !MVS1
EVID5TLY HAPPI;S M/ 2 PLAC$ AM;G ^?
DESIRA# 9 !MVS1 N AM;G ^? DESIRA# =!
SAKE ( "S?+ ELSE2 = HAPPI;S DOES N LACK
ANY?+1 B IS SELF-SU6ICI5T4 ,N[ ^?
ACTIVITIES >E DESIRA# 9 !MVS F : NO?+ IS
S"\ 2Y ! ACTIV;Y4 ,&( ? NATURE VIRTU\S
AC;NS >E ?"\ 6BE2 = 6D NO# & GD DE$S IS
A ?+ DESIRA# = XS [N SAKE4
  ,PL1SANT AMUSE;TS AL >E ?"\ 6BE ( ?
NATURE2 WE *OOSE !M N =! SAKE ( O!R ?+S2
= WE >E 9JUR$ R ?AN B5EFIT$ 0!M1 S9CE WE
>E L$ 6NEGLECT \R BODIES & \R PROP]TY4
,B MO/ (! P :O >E DEEM$ HAPPY TAKE
REFUGE 9 S* PAS"TS1 : IS ! R1SON :Y ^?
:O >E R1DY-WITT$ AT !M >E HI<LY E/EEM$
AT ! C\RTS ( TYRANTS2 !Y MAKE !MVS
PL1SANT -PANIONS 9 ! TYRANTS' FAV\RITE
PURSUITS1 & T IS ! SORT ( MAN !Y WANT4
,N[ ^! ?+S >E ?"\ 6BE (! NATURE (
HAPPI;S 2C P 9 DESPOTIC POSI;NS SP5D _!
LEISURE 9 !M1 B P]H S* P PROVE NO?+2 =
VIRTUE & R1SON1 F : GD ACTIVITIES FL[1 D
N DEP5D ON DESPOTIC POSI;N2 NOR1 IF ^!
P1 :O H N"E TA/$ PURE & G5]\S PL1SURE1
TAKE REFUGE 9 ! BODILY PL1SURES1 %D ^! =
T R1SON 2 ?"\ M DESIRA#2 = BOYS1 TOO1
?9K ! ?+S T >E VALU$ AM;G !MVS >E ! BE/4
,X IS 6BE EXPECT$1 !N1 T1 Z DI6]5T ?+S
SEEM VALUA# 6BOYS & 6M51 S !Y %D 6BAD M5
& 6GD4 ,N[1 Z WE H (T5 MA9TA9$1 ^? ?+S
>E BO? VALUA# & PL1SANT : >E S* 6! GD
MAN2 & 6EA* MAN ! ACTIV;Y 9 A3ORD.E ) 8
[N 4POSI;N IS MO/ DESIRA#1 &1 "!=E1 6!
GD MAN T : IS 9 A3ORD.E ) VIRTUE4
,HAPPI;S1 "!=E1 DOES N LIE 9 AMUSE;T2 X
WD1 9DE$1 2 /RANGE IF ! 5D 7 AMUSE;T1 &
"O 7 6TAKE TR\# & SU6] H>D%IP ALL "O'S
LIFE 9 ORD] 6AMUSE "OF4 ,=1 9 A ^W1
"EY?+ T WE *OOSE WE *OOSE =! SAKE ( "S?+
ELSE-EXCEPT HAPPI;S1 : IS AN 5D4 ,N[
6EX]T "OF & "W =! SAKE ( AMUSE;T SEEMS
SILLY & UTT]LY *ILDI%4 ,B 6AMUSE "OF 9
ORD] T "O MAY EX]T "OF1 Z ,ANA*>SIS PUTS
X1 SEEMS "R2 = AMUSE;T IS A SORT (
RELAX,N1 & WE NE$ RELAX,N 2C WE _C "W
3T9U\SLY4 ,RELAX,N1 !N1 IS N AN 5D2 = X
IS TAK5 =! SAKE ( ACTIV;Y4
  ,! HAPPY LIFE IS ?"\ 6BE VIRTU\S2 N[ A
VIRTU\S LIFE REQUIRES EX];N1 & DOES N
3SI/ 9 AMUSE;T4 ,& WE SAY T S]I\S ?+S >E
BETT] ?AN LAU<A# ?+S & ^? 3NECT$ )
AMUSE;T1 & T ! ACTIV;Y (! BETT] ( ANY
TWO ?+S-:E!R X 2 TWO ELE;TS ( \R 2+ OR
TWO M5-IS ! M S]I\S2 B ! ACTIV;Y (!
BETT] IS IPSO FACTO SUP]IOR & M (!
NATURE ( HAPPI;S4 ,& ANY *.E P]SON-EV5 A
SLAVE-C 5JOY ! BODILY PL1SURES NO LESS
?AN ! BE/ MAN2 B NO "O ASSIGNS 6A SLAVE
A %>E 9 HAPPI;S-UN.S HE ASSIGNS 6HM AL A
%>E 9 HUMAN LIFE4 ,= HAPPI;S DOES N LIE
9 S* O3UP,NS1 B1 Z WE H SD 2F1 9 VIRTU\S
ACTIVITIES4
                   #G
  ,IF HAPPI;S IS ACTIV;Y 9 A3ORD.E )
VIRTUE1 X IS R1SONA# T X %D 2 9 A3ORD.E
)! HI<E/ VIRTUE2 & ? W 2 T (! BE/ ?+ 9
U4 ,:E!R X 2 R1SON OR "S?+ ELSE T IS ?
ELE;T : IS ?"\ 6BE \R NATURAL RUL] &
GUIDE & 6TAKE ?"\ ( ?+S NO# & DIV9E1
:E!R X 2 XF AL DIV9E OR ONLY ! MO/ DIV9E
ELE;T 9 U1 ! ACTIV;Y ( ? 9 A3ORD.E ) XS
PROP] VIRTUE W 2 P]FECT HAPPI;S4 ,T ?
ACTIV;Y IS 3TEMPLATIVE WE H ALR SD4
  ,N[ ? WD SEEM 6BE 9 AGREE;T BO? ) :AT
WE SD 2F &)! TRU?4 ,=1 F/LY1 ? ACTIV;Y
IS ! BE/ 7S9CE N ONLY IS R1SON ! BE/ ?+
9 U1 B ! OBJECTS ( R1SON >E ! BE/ ( "KA#
OBJECTS72 & SECONDLY1 X IS ! MO/ 3T9U\S1
S9CE WE C 3TEMPLATE TRU? M 3T9U\SLY ?AN
WE C D ANY?+4 ,& WE ?9K HAPPI;S HAS
PL1SURE M+L$ ) X1 B ! ACTIV;Y (
PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM IS ADMITT$LY !
PL1SANTE/ ( VIRTU\S ACTIVITIES2 AT ALL
EV5TS ! PURSUIT ( X IS ?"\ 6(F] PL1SURES
M>VELL\S = _! PUR;Y & _! 5DUR+;S1 & X IS
6BE EXPECT$ T ^? :O "K W PASS _! "T M
PL1SANTLY ?AN ^? :O 9QUIRE4 ,&! SELF-
SU6ICI5CY T IS SPOK5 ( M/ 2L;G MO/ 6!
3TEMPLATIVE ACTIV;Y4 ,= :ILE A
PHILOSOPH]1 Z WELL Z A J MAN OR "O
POSSESS+ ANY O!R VIRTUE1 NE$S !
NECESS>IES ( LIFE1 :5 !Y >E SU6ICI5TLY
EQUIPP$ ) ?+S ( T SORT ! J MAN NE$S P
T[>DS :OM &) :OM HE % ACT JU/LY1 &!
TEMP]ATE MAN1 ! BRAVE MAN1 & EA* (! O!RS
IS 9 ! SAME CASE1 B ! PHILOSOPH]1 EV5 :5
0HMF1 C 3TEMPLATE TRU?1 &! BETT] ! WIS]
HE IS2 HE C P]H D S BETT] IF HE HAS
FELL[-"W]S1 B / HE IS ! MO/ SELF-
SU6ICI5T4 ,& ? ACTIV;Y AL"O WD SEEM 6BE
LOV$ = XS [N SAKE2 = NO?+ >ISES F X A"P
F ! 3TEMPLAT+1 :ILE F PRACTICAL
ACTIVITIES WE GA9 M OR LESS A"P F !
AC;N4 ,& HAPPI;S IS ?"\ 6DEP5D ON
LEISURE2 = WE >E BUSY T WE MAY H
LEISURE1 & MAKE W> T WE MAY LIVE 9 P1CE4
,N[ ! ACTIV;Y (! PRACTICAL VIRTUES IS
EXHIBIT$ 9 POLITICAL OR MILIT>Y A6AIRS1
B ! AC;NS 3C]N$ ) ^! SEEM 6BE
UNLEISURELY4 ,W>LIKE AC;NS >E -PLETELY S
7= NO "O *OOSES 6BE AT W>1 OR PROVOKES
W>1 =! SAKE ( 2+ AT W>2 ANY "O WD SEEM
ABSOLUTELY MURD]\S IF HE 7 6MAKE 5EMIES
( 8 FRS 9 ORD] 6BR+ AB BATTLE &
SLAU<T]72 B ! AC;N (! /ATESMAN IS AL
UNLEISURELY1 &-A"P F ! POLITICAL AC;N
XF-AIMS AT DESPOTIC P[] & HON\RS1 OR AT
ALL EV5TS HAPPI;S1 = HM & 8 FELL[
CITIZ5S-A HAPPI;S DI6]5T F POLITICAL
AC;N1 & EVID5TLY S"\ Z 2+ DI6]5T4 ,S IF
AM;G VIRTU\S AC;NS POLITICAL & MILIT>Y
AC;NS >E 4T+UI%$ 0NOBIL;Y & GRT;S1 & ^!
>E UNLEISURELY & AIM AT AN 5D & >E N
DESIRA# = _! [N SAKE1 B ! ACTIV;Y (
R1SON1 : IS 3TEMPLATIVE1 SEEMS BO? 6BE
SUP]IOR 9 S]I\S WOR? & 6AIM AT NO 5D 2Y
XF1 & 6H XS PL1SURE PROP] 6XF 7& ?
AUG;TS ! ACTIV;Y71 &! SELF-SU6ICI5CY1
LEISURELI;S1 UNWE>I$;S 7S F> Z ? IS
POSSI# = MAN71 & ALL ! O!R ATTRIBUTES
ASCRIB$ 6! SUPREMELY HAPPY MAN >E
EVID5TLY ^? 3NECT$ ) ? ACTIV;Y1 X FOLL[S
T ? W 2 ! -PLETE HAPPI;S ( MAN1 IF X 2
ALL[$ A -PLETE T]M ( LIFE 7= N"O (!
ATTRIBUTES ( HAPPI;S IS 9COMPLETE74
  ,B S* A LIFE WD 2 TOO HI< = MAN2 = X
IS N 9 S F> Z HE IS MAN T HE W LIVE S1 B
9 S F> Z "S?+ DIV9E IS PRES5T 9 HM2 & 0S
M* Z ? IS SUP]IOR 6\R -POSITE NATURE IS
XS ACTIV;Y SUP]IOR 6T : IS ! EX]CISE (!
O!R K9D ( VIRTUE4 ,IF R1SON IS DIV9E1
!N1 9 -P>ISON ) MAN1 ! LIFE AC 6X IS
DIV9E 9 -P>ISON ) HUMAN LIFE4 ,B WE M/ N
FOLL[ ^? :O ADVISE U1 2+ M51 6?9K (
HUMAN ?+S1 &1 2+ MORTAL1 ( MORTAL ?+S1 B
M/1 S F> Z WE C1 MAKE \RVS IMMORTAL1 &
/RA9 E N]VE 6LIVE 9 A3ORD.E )! BE/ ?+ 9
U2 = EV5 IF X 2 SMALL 9 BULK1 M* M DOES
X 9 P[] & WOR? SURPASS "EY?+4 ,? WD
SEEM1 TOO1 6BE EA* MAN HMF1 S9CE X IS !
AU?ORITATIVE & BETT] "P ( HM4 ,X WD 2
/RANGE1 !N1 IF HE 7 6*OOSE N ! LIFE ( 8
SELF B T ( "S?+ ELSE4 ,& :AT WE SD 2F0'
W APPLY N[2 T : IS PROP] 6EA* ?+ IS
0NATURE BE/ & MO/ PL1SANT = EA* ?+2 =
MAN1 "!=E1 ! LIFE AC 6R1SON IS BE/ &
PL1SANTE/1 S9CE R1SON M ?AN ANY?+ ELSE
IS MAN4 ,? LIFE "!=E IS AL ! HAPPIE/4
                   #H
  ,B 9 A SECOND>Y DEGREE ! LIFE 9
A3ORD.E )! O!R K9D ( VIRTUE IS HAPPY2 =!
ACTIVITIES 9 A3ORD.E ) ? 2FIT \R HUMAN
E/ATE4 ,J & BRAVE ACTS1 & O!R VIRTU\S
ACTS1 WE D 9 REL,N 6EA* O!R1 OBS]V+ \R
RESPECTIVE DUTIES ) REG>D 63TRACTS &
S]VICES & ALL MANN] ( AC;NS &) REG>D
6PAS.NS2 & ALL ( ^! SEEM 6BE TYPIC,Y
HUMAN4 ,"S ( !M SEEM EV5 6>ISE F ! BODY1
& VIRTUE ( "* 6BE 9 _M WAYS B.D UP )!
PAS.NS4 ,PRACTICAL WISDOM1 TOO1 IS L9K$
6VIRTUE ( "*1 & ? 6PRACTICAL WISDOM1
S9CE ! PR9CIPLES ( PRACTICAL WISDOM >E 9
A3ORD.E )! MORAL VIRTUES & "R;S 9 MORALS
IS 9 A3ORD.E ) PRACTICAL WISDOM4 ,2+
3NECT$ )! PAS.NS AL1 ! MORAL VIRTUES M/
2L;G 6\R -POSITE NATURE2 &! VIRTUES ( \R
-POSITE NATURE >E HUMAN2 S1 "!=E1 >E !
LIFE &! HAPPI;S : CORRESPOND 6^!4 ,!
EXCELL;E (! R1SON IS A ?+ A"P2 WE M/ 2
3T5T 6SAY ? M* AB X1 = 6DESCRIBE X
PRECISELY IS A TASK GRT] ?AN \R PURPOSE
REQUIRES4 ,X WD SEEM1 H["E1 AL 6NE$
EXT]NAL EQUIP;T B LL1 OR LESS ?AN MORAL
VIRTUE DOES4 ,GRANT T BO? NE$ !
NECESS>IES1 & D S EQU,Y1 EV5 IF !
/ATESMAN'S "W IS ! M 3C]N$ )! BODY & ?+S
( T SORT2 = "! W 2 LL DI6];E "!2 B 9 :AT
!Y NE$ =! EX]CISE ( _! ACTIVITIES "! W 2
M* DI6];E4 ,! LIB]AL MAN W NE$ M"OY =!
DO+ ( 8 LIB]AL DE$S1 &! J MAN TOO W NE$
X =! RETURN+ ( S]VICES 7= WI%ES >E H>D
64C]N1 & EV5 P :O >E N J PRET5D 6WI%
6ACT JU/LY72 &! BRAVE MAN W NE$ P[] IF
HE IS 6A3OMPLI% ANY (! ACTS T CORRESPOND
6HIS VIRTUE1 &! TEMP]ATE MAN W NE$
OPPORTUN;Y2 = H[ ELSE IS EI HE OR ANY (!
O!RS 6BE RECOGNIZ$8 ,X IS DEBAT$1 TOO1
:E!R ! W OR ! DE$ IS M ESS5TIAL 6VIRTUE1
: IS ASSUM$ 69VOLVE BO?2 X IS SURELY
CLE> T XS P]FEC;N 9VOLVES BO?2 B = DE$S
_M ?+S >E NE$$1 & M1 ! GRT] & NO#R !
DE$S >E4 ,B ! MAN :O IS 3TEMPLAT+ ! TRU?
NE$S NO S* ?+1 AT L1/ )A VIEW 6! EX]CISE
( 8 ACTIV;Y2 9DE$ !Y >E1 "O MAY SAY1 EV5
H9DR.ES1 AT ALL EV5TS 6HIS 3TEMPL,N2 B 9
S F> Z HE IS A MAN & LIVES )A NUMB] ( P1
HE *OOSES 6D VIRTU\S ACTS2 HE W "!=E NE$
S* AIDS 6LIV+ A HUMAN LIFE4
  ,B T P]FECT HAPPI;S IS A 3TEMPLATIVE
ACTIV;Y W APPE> F ! FOLL[+ 3SID],N Z
WELL4 ,WE ASSUME ! GODS 6BE ABV ALL O!R
2+S B.S$ & HAPPY2 B :AT SORT ( AC;NS M/
WE ASSIGN 6!M8 ,ACTS ( JU/ICE8 ,W N !
GODS SEEM ABSURD IF !Y MAKE 3TRACTS &
RETURN DEPOSITS1 & S ON8 ,ACTS (A BRAVE
MAN1 !N1 3FRONT+ DANG]S & RUNN+ RISKS 2C
X IS NO# 6D S8 ,OR LIB]AL ACTS8 ,6:OM W
!Y GIVE8 ,X W 2 /RANGE IF !Y >E RE,Y 6H
M"OY OR ANY?+ (! K9D4 ,& :AT WD _!
TEMP]ATE ACTS BE8 ,IS N S* PRAISE
TA/E.S1 S9CE !Y H NO BAD APPETITES8 ,IF
WE 7 6RUN "? !M ALL1 ! CIRCUM/.ES ( AC;N
WD 2 F.D TRIVIAL & UNWOR?Y ( GODS4 ,/1 E
"O SUPPOSES T !Y LIVE & "!=E T !Y >E
ACTIVE2 WE _C SUPPOSE !M 6SLEEP L
,5DYMION4 ,N[ IF Y TAKE AWAY F A LIV+ 2+
AC;N1 & / M PRODUC;N1 :AT IS LEFT B
3TEMPL,N8 ,"!=E ! ACTIV;Y ( ,GOD1 :
SURPASSES ALL O!RS 9 B.S$;S1 M/ 2
3TEMPLATIVE2 &( HUMAN ACTIVITIES1 "!=E1
T : IS MO/ AK9 6? M/ 2 MO/ (! NATURE (
HAPPI;S4
  ,? IS 9DICAT$1 TOO1 0! FACT T ! O!R
ANIMALS H NO %>E 9 HAPPI;S1 2+ -PLETELY
DEPRIV$ ( S* ACTIV;Y4 ,= :ILE ! :OLE
LIFE (! GODS IS B.S$1 & T ( M5 TOO 9 S
F> Z "S LIKE;S ( S* ACTIV;Y 2L;GS 6!M1
N"O (! O!R ANIMALS IS HAPPY1 S9CE !Y 9
NO WAY %>E 9 3TEMPL,N4 ,HAPPI;S EXT5DS1
!N1 J S F> Z 3TEMPL,N DOES1 & ^? 6:OM
3TEMPL,N M FULLY 2L;GS >E M TRULY HAPPY1
N Z A M]E 3COMITANT B 9 VIRTUE (!
3TEMPL,N2 = ? IS 9 XF PRECI\S4 ,HAPPI;S1
"!=E1 M/ 2 "S =M ( 3TEMPL,N4
  ,B1 2+ A MAN1 "O W AL NE$ EXT]NAL
PROSP];Y2 = \R NATURE IS N SELF-SU6ICI5T
=! PURPOSE ( 3TEMPL,N1 B \R BODY AL M/ 2
H1L?Y & M/ H FOOD & O!R ATT5;N4 ,/1 WE
M/ N ?9K T ! MAN :O IS 6BE HAPPY W NE$
_M ?+S OR GRT ?+S1 M]ELY 2C HE _C 2
SUPREMELY HAPPY )\T EXT]NAL GDS2 = SELF-
SU6ICI5CY & AC;N D N 9VOLVE EXCESS1 & WE
C D NO# ACTS )\T RUL+ E>? & SEA2 = EV5 )
MOD]ATE ADVANTAGES "O C ACT VIRTU\SLY 7?
IS MANIFE/ 5\<2 = PRIVATE P]SONS >E ?"\
6D WOR?Y ACTS NO LESS ?AN DESPOTS-9DE$
EV5 M72 & X IS 5 T WE %D H S M* Z T2 =!
LIFE (! MAN :O IS ACTIVE 9 A3ORD.E )
VIRTUE W 2 HAPPY4 ,SOLON1 TOO1 0 P]H
SKET*+ WELL ! HAPPY MAN :5 HE DESCRIB$
HM Z MOD]ATELY FURNI%$ ) EXT]NALS B Z
HAV+ D"O 7Z ,SOLON ?"\7 ! NO#/ ACTS1 &
LIV$ TEMP]ATELY2 = "O C ) B MOD]ATE
POSSES.NS D :AT "O "\4 ,ANAXAGORAS AL
SEEMS 6H SUPPOS$ ! HAPPY MAN N 6BE RI*
NOR A DESPOT1 :5 HE SD T HE WD N 2
SURPRIS$ IF ! HAPPY MAN 7 6SEEM 6MO/ P A
/RANGE P]SON2 = !Y JUDGE 0EXT]NALS1 S9CE
^! >E ALL !Y P]CV4 ,! OP9IONS (! WISE
SEEM1 !N1 6H>MONIZE ) \R >GU;TS4 ,B :ILE
EV5 S* ?+S C>RY "S 3VIC;N1 ! TRU? 9
PRACTICAL MATT]S IS 4C]N$ F ! FACTS (
LIFE2 = ^! >E ! DECISIVE FACTOR4 ,WE M/
"!=E SURVEY :AT WE H ALR SD1 BR++ X 6!
TE/ (! FACTS ( LIFE1 & IF X H>MONIZES )!
FACTS WE M/ A3EPT X1 B IF X CLA%ES ) !M
WE M/ SUPPOSE X 6BE M]E !ORY4 ,N[ HE :O
EX]CISES 8 R1SON & CULTIVATES X SEEMS
6BE BO? 9 ! BE/ /ATE ( M9D & MO/ DE> 6!
GODS4 ,= IF ! GODS H ANY C>E = HUMAN
A6AIRS1 Z !Y >E ?"\ 6H1 X WD 2 R1SONA#
BO? T !Y %D DELI<T 9 T : 0 BE/ & MO/ AK9
6!M 7I4E4 R1SON7 & T !Y %D REW>D ^? :O
LOVE & HON\R ? MO/1 Z C>+ =! ?+S T >E
DE> 6!M & ACT+ BO? "RLY & NOBLY4 ,& T
ALL ^! ATTRIBUTES 2L;G MO/ ( ALL 6!
PHILOSOPH] IS MANIFE/4 ,HE1 "!=E1 IS !
DE>E/ 6! GODS4 ,& HE :O IS T W
PRESUMABLY 2 AL ! HAPPIE/2 S T 9 ? WAY
TOO ! PHILOSOPH] W M ?AN ANY O!R 2
HAPPY4
                   #I
  ,IF ^! MATT]S &! VIRTUES1 & AL FR%IP &
PL1SURE1 H BE5 D1LT ) SU6ICI5TLY 9
\TL9E1 >E WE 6SUPPOSE T \R PROGRAMME HAS
R1*$ XS 5D8 ,SURELY1 Z ! SAY+ GOES1 ":
"! >E ?+S 6BE D"O ! 5D IS N 6SURVEY &
RECOGNIZE ! V>I\S ?+S1 B R 6D !M2 )
REG>D 6VIRTUE1 !N1 X IS N 5 6"K1 B WE M/
TRY 6H & USE X1 OR TRY ANY O!R WAY "!
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