,BOOK ;,V
                   #A
  ,Z 6! "PS 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL T ALL
ANIMALS >E FURNI%$ )AL1 & FUR!R Z 6!
S5SES1 6VOICE1 & SLEEP1 &! DUAL;Y SEX1
ALL ^! TOPICS H N[ BE5 T\*$ ^U4 ,X N[
REMA9S = U 64CUSS1 DULY & 9 ORD]1 _!
S"EAL MODES ( PROPAG,N4
  ,^! MODES >E _M & DIV]SE1 & 9 "S
RESPECTS >E L1 & 9 O!R RESPECTS >E
UNLIKE 6"O ANO!R4 ,Z WE C>RI$ ON \R
PREVI\S 4CUS.N G5US 0G5US1 S WE M/
ATTEMPT 6FOLL[ ! SAME DIVI.NS 9 \R
PRES5T >GU;T2 ONLY T ":AS 9 ! =M] CASE
WE />T$ )A 3SID],N (! "PS ( MAN1 9 !
PRES5T CASE X 2HOVES U 6TR1T ( MAN LA/ (
ALL 2C HE 9VOLVES MO/ 4CUS.N4 ,WE %
-M;E1 !N1 ) TE/AC1NS1 & !N PROCE$
6CRU/AC1NS1 & !N 6! O!R G5]A 9 DUE ORD]2
& ^! O!R G5]A >E1 S"E,Y1 MOLLUSCS1 &
9SECTS1 !N FI%ES VIVIP>\S & FI%ES
OVIP>\S1 & NEXT BIRDS2 & AFWS WE % TR1T
( ANIMALS PROVID$ ) FEET1 BO? S* Z >E
OVIP>\S & S* Z >E VIVIP>\S1 & WE MAY
OBS]VE T "S QUADRUP$S >E VIVIP>\S1 B T !
ONLY VIVIP>\S BIP$ IS MAN4
  ,N[ "! IS "O PROP]TY T ANIMALS >E F.D
6H 9 -MON ) PLANTS4 ,= "S PLANTS >E
G5]AT$ F ! SE$ ( PLANTS1 :IL/ O!R PLANTS
>E SELF-G5]AT$ "? ! =M,N ( "S ELE;TAL
PR9CIPLE SIMIL> 6A SE$2 &( ^! LATT]
PLANTS "S DERIVE _! NUTRI;T F ! GR.D1
:IL/ O!RS GR[ 9SIDE O!R PLANTS1 Z IS
M5;N$1 0! WAY1 9 MY TR1TISE ON ,BOTANY4
,S ) ANIMALS1 "S SPR+ F P>5T ANIMALS AC
6_! K9D1 :IL/ O!RS GR[ SPONTANE\SLY & N
F K9DR$ /OCK2 &( ^! 9/.ES ( SPONTANE\S
G5],N "S -E F PUTREFY+ E>? OR VEGETA#
MATT]1 Z IS ! CASE )A NUMB] ( 9SECTS1
:ILE O!RS >E SPONTANE\SLY G5]AT$ 9 !
9SIDE ( ANIMALS \ (! SECRE;NS ( _! S"EAL
ORGANS4
  ,9 ANIMALS ": G5],N GOES 0H]$;Y1 :]"E
"! IS DUAL;Y ( SEX G5],N IS DUE
6COPUL,N4 ,9 ! GR\P ( FI%ES1 H["E1 "! >E
"S T >E NEI MALE NOR FEMALE1 & ^!1 :ILE
!Y >E ID5TICAL G5]IC,Y ) O!R FI%1 DI6] F
!M SPECIFIC,Y2 B "! >E O!RS T /& ALT
ISOLAT$ & A"P 0!MVS4 ,O!R FI%ES "! >E T
>E ALW FEMALE & N"E MALE1 & F !M >E 3CVD
:AT CORRESPOND 6! W9D-E7S 9 BIRDS4 ,S*
E7S1 0! WAY1 9 BIRDS >E ALL UNFRUIT;L2 B
X IS _! NATURE 6BE 9DEP5D5TLY CAPA# (
G5],N UP 6! EGG-/AGE1 UN.S 9DE$ "! 2 "S
O!R MODE ?AN ! "O FAMILI> 6U ( 9T]C\RSE
)! MALE2 B 3C]N+ ^! TOPICS WE % TR1T M
PRECISELY LAT] ON4 ,9 ! CASE ( C]TA9
FI%ES1 H["E1 AF !Y H SPONTANE\SLY G5]AT$
E7S1 ^! E7S DEVELOP 96LIV+ ANIMALS2 ONLY
T 9 C]TA9 ( ^! CASES DEVELOP;T IS
SPONTANE\S1 & 9 O!RS IS N 9DEP5D5T (!
MALE2 &! ME?OD ( PROCE$+ 9 REG>D 6^!
MATT]S W SET =? 0& BY1 =! ME?OD IS "S:AT
L 6! ME?OD FOLL[$ 9 ! CASE ( BIRDS4 ,B
:5SO"E CR1TURES >E SPONTANE\SLY G5]AT$1
EI 9 O!R ANIMALS1 9 ! SOIL1 OR ON
PLANTS1 OR 9 ! "PS ( ^!1 & :5 S* >E
G5]AT$ MALE & FEMALE1 !N F ! COPUL,N (
S* SPONTANE\SLY G5]AT$ MALES & FEMALES
"! IS G5]AT$ A "S?+-A "S?+ N"E ID5TICAL
9 %APE )! P>5TS1 B A "S?+ IMP]FECT4 ,=
9/.E1 ! ISSUE ( COPUL,N 9 LICE IS NITS2
9 FLIES1 GRUBS2 9 FL1S1 GRUBS EGG-L 9
%APE2 & F ^! ISSUES ! P>5T-SPECIES IS
N"E REPRODUC$1 NOR IS ANY ANIMAL PRODUC$
AT ALL1 B ! L NONDESCRIPTS ONLY4
  ,F/1 !N1 WE M/ PROCE$ 6TR1T (
,8COV]+0' 9 REG>D 6S* ANIMALS Z COV] &
>E COV]$2 & !N AF ? 6TR1T 9 DUE ORD] (
O!R MATT]S1 BO? ! EXCEP;NAL & ^? ( G5]AL
O3URR;E4

                   #B
  ,^? ANIMALS1 !N1 COV] & >E COV]$ 9 :
"! IS A DUAL;Y ( SEX1 &! MODES ( COV]+ 9
S* ANIMALS >E N 9 ALL CASES SIMIL> NOR
ANALOG\S4 ,=! R$-BLOOD$ ANIMALS T >E
VIVIP>\S & FURNI%$ ) FEET H 9 ALL CASES
ORGANS ADAPT$ = PROCRE,N1 B ! SEXES D N
9 ALL CASES -E TGR 9 L MANN]4 ,?US1
OPIS?URETIC ANIMALS COPULATE )A RE>W>D
PRES5T;T1 Z IS ! CASE )! LION1 ! H>E1 &!
LYNX2 ?\<1 0! WAY1 9 ! CASE (! H>E1 !
FEMALE IS (T5 OBS]V$ 6COV] ! MALE4
  ,! CASE IS SIMIL> 9 MO/ O!R S*
ANIMALS2 T IS 6SAY1 ! MAJOR;Y (
QUADRUP$S COPULATE Z BE/ !Y C1 ! MALE
M.T+ ! FEMALE2 & ? IS ! ONLY ME?OD (
COPULAT+ ADOPT$ 0BIRDS1 ?\< "! >E C]TA9
DIV]SITIES ( ME?OD OBS]V$ EV5 9 BIRDS4
,= 9 "S CASES ! FEMALE SQUATS ON ! GR.D
&! MALE M.TS ON TOP ( H]1 Z IS ! CASE )!
COCK & H5 BU/>D1 &! B>N-DOOR COCK & H52
9 O!R CASES1 ! MALE M.TS )\T ! FEMALE
SQUATT+1 Z )! MALE & FEMALE CRANE2 =1 )
^! BIRDS1 ! MALE M.TS ON 6! BACK (!
FEMALE & COV]S H]1 & L ! COCK-SP>R[
3SUMES B V LL "T 9 ! OP],N4 ,(
QUADRUP$S1 BE>S P]=M ! OP],N LY+ PR"O ON
"O ANO!R1 9 ! SAME WAY Z O!R QUADRUP$S D
:ILE /&+ UP2 T IS 6SAY1 )! BELLY (! MALE
PRESS$ 6! BACK (! FEMALE4 ,H$GEHOGS
COPULATE ERECT1 BELLY 6BELLY4
  ,) REG>D 6L>GE-SIZ$ VIVIP>A1 ! H9D
ONLY V R>ELY SU/A9S ! M.T+ (! /AG 6!
FULL 3CLU.N (! OP],N1 &! SAME IS ! CASE
)! C[ Z REG>DS ! BULL1 [+ 6! RIGID;Y (!
P5IS (! BULL4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT1 ! FEMALES
( ^! ANIMALS ELICIT ! SP]M (! MALE 9 !
ACT ( )DRAW+ F "UN1? HM2 &1 0! WAY1 ?
PH5OM5ON HAS BE5 OBS]V$ 9 ! CASE (! /AG
& H9D1 DOME/ICAT$1 ( C\RSE4 ,COV]+ )!
WOLF IS ! SAME Z )! DOG4 ,CATS D N
COPULATE )A RE>W>D PRES5T;T ON ! "P (!
FEMALE1 B ! MALE /&S ERECT &! FEMALE
PUTS H]F "UN1? HM2 &1 0! WAY1 ! FEMALE
CAT IS PECULI>LY LE*]\S1 & :E$LES ! MALE
ON 6SEXUAL -M]CE1 & CAT]WAULS DUR+ !
OP],N4 ,CAMELS COPULATE )! FEMALE 9 A
SITT+ PO/URE1 &! MALE /RA4LES OV] &
COV]S H]1 N )! H9D] PRES5T;T ON !
FEMALE'S "P B L ! O!R QUADRUP$S M5;N$
ABV1 & !Y PASS ! :OLE "D L;G 9 ! OP],N2
:5 ?US 5GAG$ !Y RETIRE 6L"OLY SPOTS1 &
N"O B _! KEEP] D>E APPROA* !M4 ,&1 2 X
OBS]V$1 ! P5IS (! CAMEL IS S S9EWY T B[-
/R+S >E MANUFACTUR$ \ ( X4 ,ELEPHANTS1
AL1 COPULATE 9 L"OLY PLACES1 & ESPECI,Y
0RIV]-SIDES 9 _! USUAL HAUNTS2 ! FEMALE
SQUATS D[N1 & /RA4LES ) H] LEGS1 &! MALE
M.TS & COV]S H]4 ,! S1L COV]S L ALL
OPIS?URETIC ANIMALS1 & 9 ? SPECIES !
COPUL,N EXT5DS OV] A L5G!N$ "T1 Z IS !
CASE )! DOG & BIT*2 &! P5IS 9 ! MALE S1L
IS EXCEP;N,Y L>GE4
                   #C
  ,OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S COV] "O ANO!R 9 !
SAME WAY4 ,T IS 6SAY1 9 "S CASES ! MALE
M.TS ! FEMALE PRECISELY Z 9 ! VIVIP>\S
ANIMALS1 Z IS OBS]V$ 9 BO? ! L& &! SEA
TORTOISE '''4 ,& ^! CR1TURES H AN ORGAN
9 : ! DUCTS 3V]GE1 &) : !Y P]=M ! ACT (
COPUL,N1 Z IS AL OBS]V$ 9 ! TOAD1 !
FROG1 & ALL O!R ANIMALS (! SAME GR\P4
                   #D
  ,L;G ANIMALS DEVOID ( FEET1 L S]P5TS &
MURAENAE1 9T]TW9E 9 COI;N1 BELLY 6BELLY4
,&1 9 FACT1 S]P5TS COIL R.D "O ANO!R S
TI<TLY Z 6PRES5T ! APPE>.E (A S+LE S]P5T
)A PAIR ( H1DS4 ,! SAME MODE IS FOLL[$
0! SAURIANS2 T IS 6SAY1 !Y COIL R.D "O
ANO!R 9 ! ACT ( COI;N4
                   #E
  ,ALL FI%ES1 )! EXCEP;N (! FLAT
SELA*IANS1 LIE D[N SIDE 0SIDE1 &
COPULATE BELLY 6BELLY4 ,FI%ES1 H["E1 T
>E FLAT & FURNI%$ ) TAILS-Z ! RAY1 !
TRYGON1 &! L-COPULATE N ONLY 9 ? WAY1 B
AL1 ": ! TAIL F XS ?9;S IS NO IMP$I;T1
0M.T+ (! MALE ^U ! FEMALE1 BELLY 6BACK4
,B ! RH9A OR ANGEL-FI%1 & O!R L FI%ES ":
! TAIL IS L>GE1 COPULATE ONLY 0RU2+ AG/
"O ANO!R SIDEWAYS1 BELLY 6BELLY4 ,"S M5
ASSURE U T !Y H SE5 "S (! SELA*IA
COPULAT+ H9DWAYS1 DOG & BIT*4 ,9 !
C>TILAG9\S SPECIES ! FEMALE IS L>G] ?AN
! MALE2 &! SAME IS ! CASE ) O!R FI%ES =!
MO/ "P4 ,& AM;G C>TILAG9\S FI%ES >E
9CLUD$1 2SS ^? ALR "ND1 ! BOS1 ! LAMIA1
! AETOS1 ! N>CE OR TORP$O1 ! FI%+-FROG1
& ALL ! GALEODES OR %>KS & DOGFI%4
,C>TILAG9\S FI%ES1 !N1 ( ALL K9DS1 H 9
_M 9/.ES BE5 OBS]V$ COPULAT+ 9 ! WAY ABV
M5;N$2 =1 0! WAY1 9 VIVIP>\S ANIMALS !
PROCESS ( COPUL,N IS ( L;G] DUR,N ?AN 9
! OVIP>A4
  ,X IS ! SAME )! DOLPH9 &) ALL
CETAC1NS2 T IS 6SAY1 !Y -E SIDE 0SIDE1
MALE & FEMALE1 & COPULATE1 &! ACT EXT5DS
OV] A "T : IS NEI %ORT NOR V L;G4
  ,AG1 9 C>TILAG9\S FI%ES ! MALE1 9 "S
SPECIES1 DI6]S F ! FEMALE 9 ! FACT T HE
IS FURNI%$ ) TWO APP5DAGES HANG+ D[N F
AB ! EXIT (! RESIDUUM1 & T ! FEMALE IS N
S FURNI%$2 & ? 4T9C;N 2T ! SEXES IS
OBS]V$ 9 ALL ! SPECIES (! %>KS & DOG-
FI%4
  ,N[ NEI FI%ES NOR ANY ANIMALS DEVOID (
FEET >E FURNI%$ ) TE/ICLES1 B MALE
S]P5TS & MALE FI%ES H A PAIR ( DUCTS :
FILL ) MILT OR SP]M AT ! RUTT+ S1SON1 &
4*>GE1 9 ALL CASES1 A MILK-L JUICE4 ,^!
DUCTS UNITE1 Z 9 BIRDS2 = BIRDS1 0! WAY1
H _! TE/ICLES 9 _! 9T]IOR1 & S H ALL
OVIP>A T >E FURNI%$ ) FEET4 ,& ? UNION (
! DUCTS IS S F> 3T9U$ &( S* EXT5.N Z
65T] ! RECEPTIVE ORGAN 9 ! FEMALE4
  ,9 VIVIP>\S ANIMALS FURNI%$ ) FEET "!
IS \TW>DLY "O &! SAME DUCT =! SP]M &!
LIQUID RESIDUUM2 B "! >E SEP>ATE DUCTS
9T]N,Y1 Z HAS BE5 OBS]V$ 9 ! DI6]5TI,N (
! ORGANS4 ,&) S* ANIMALS Z >E N VIVIP>\S
! SAME PASSAGE S]VES =! 4*>GE AL (!
SOLID RESIDUUM2 AL?1 9T]N,Y1 "! >E TWO
PASSAGES1 SEP>ATE B NE> 6"O ANO!R4 ,& ^!
REM>KS APPLY 6BO? MALE & FEMALE2 = ^!
ANIMALS >E UNPROVID$ )A BLA4] EXCEPT 9 !
CASE (! TORTOISE2 &! %E-TORTOISE1 ?\<
FURNI%$ )A BLA4]1 HAS ONLY "O PASSAGE2 &
TORTOISES1 0! WAY1 2L;G 6! OVIP>A4
  ,9 ! CASE ( OVIP>\S FI%ES ! PROCESS (
COI;N IS LESS OP5 6OBS]V,N4 ,9 PO9T (
FACT1 "S >E L$ 0! WANT ( ACTUAL OBS]V,N
6SURMISE T ! FEMALE 2COMES IMPREGNAT$
0SWALL[+ ! SEM9AL FLUID (! MALE4 ,& "! C
2 NO D\BT T ? PROCE$+ ON ! "P (! FEMALE
IS (T5 WIT;S$2 = AT ! RUTT+ S1SON !
FEMALES FOLL[ ! MALES & P]=M ? OP],N1 &
/RIKE ! MALES ) _! M\?S "U ! BELLY1 &!
MALES >E "!BY 9DUC$ 6"P )! SP]M SOON] &
M PL5TI;LLY4 ,&1 FUR!R1 AT ! SPAWN+
S1SON ! MALES G 9 PURSUIT (! FEMALES1 &1
Z ! FEMALE SPAWNS1 ! MALES SWALL[ ! E7S2
&! SPECIES IS 3T9U$ 9 EXI/;E 0! SPAWN T
SURVIVES ? PROCESS4 ,ON ! COA/ (
,PHOENICIA !Y TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ^!
9/9CTIVE PROP5SITIES (! TWO SEXES 6CAT*
BO? "O &! O!R3 T IS 6SAY1 0US+ ! MALE (!
GREY MULLET Z A DECOY !Y COLLECT & NET !
FEMALE1 & 0US+ ! FEMALE1 ! MALE4
  ,! REP1T$ OBS]V,N ( ? PH5OM5ON HAS L$
6! NO;N T ! PROCESS 0 EQUIVAL5T 6COI;N1
B ! FACT IS T A SIMIL> PH5OM5ON IS
OBS]VA# 9 QUADRUP$S4 ,= AT ! RUTT+
S1SONS BO? ! MALES &! FEMALES TAKE
6RUNN+ AT _! G5ITALS1 &! TWO SEXES TAKE
6SMELL+ EA* O!R AT ^? "PS4 7,) "PRIDGES1
0! WAY1 IF ! FEMALE GETS 6LEEW>D (!
MALE1 %E 2COMES "!BY IMPREGNAT$4 ,& (T5
:5 !Y HAPP5 6BE 9 H1T %E IS A6ECT$ 9 ?
WISE 0! VOICE (! MALE1 OR 0HIS BR1?+ D[N
ON H] Z HE FLIES OV]H1D2 &1 0! WAY1 BO?
! MALE &! FEMALE "PRIDGE KEEP ! M\? WIDE
OP5 & PROTRUDE ! T;GUE 9 ! PROCESS (
COI;N47
  ,! ACTUAL PROCESS ( COPUL,N ON ! "P (
OVIP>\S FI%ES IS SELDOM A3URATELY
OBS]V$1 [+ 6! FACT T !Y V SOON FALL
ASIDE & SLIP AS"U4 ,B1 = ALL T1 !
PROCESS HAS BE5 OBS]V$ 6TAKE PLACE 9 !
MANN] ABV DESCRIB$4
                   #F
  ,MOLLUSCS1 S* Z ! OCTOPUS1 ! SEPIA1 &!
CALAM>Y1 H SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE ALL 9 ! SAME
WAY2 T IS 6SAY1 !Y UNITE AT ! M\?1 0AN
9T]LAC+ ( _! T5TACLES4 ,:51 !N1 !
OCTOPUS RE/S XS S-CALL$ H1D AG/ ! GR.D &
SPR1DS ABROAD XS T5TACLES1 ! O!R SEX
FITS 96! \TSPR1D+ ( ^! T5TACLES1 &! TWO
SEXES !N BR+ _! SUCK]S 96MUTUAL 3NEXION4
  ,"S ASS]T T ! MALE HAS A K9D ( P5IS 9
"O ( 8 T5TACLES1 ! "O 9 : >E ! L>GE/
SUCK]S2 & !Y FUR!R ASS]T T ! ORGAN IS
T5D9\S 9 "*1 GR[+ ATTA*$ "R UP 6! MI4LE
(! T5TACLE1 & T ! LATT] 5A#S X 65T] !
NO/RIL OR FUNNEL (! FEMALE4
  ,N[ CUTTLE-FI% & CALAM>IES SWIM AB
CLOSELY 9T]TW9$1 ) M\?S & T5TACLES FAC+
"O ANO!R & FITT+ CLOSELY TGR1 & SWIM ?US
9 OPPOSITE DIREC;NS2 & !Y FIT _! S-CALL$
NO/RILS 96"O ANO!R1 &! "O SEX SWIMS
BACKW>DS &! O!R FRONTW>DS DUR+ ! OP],N4
,&! FEMALE LAYS XS SPAWN 0! S-CALL$
,8BL[-HOLE0'2 &1 0! WAY1 "S DCL T X IS
AT ? ORGAN T ! COI;N RE,Y TAKES PLACE4
                   #G
  ,CRU/AC1NS COPULATE1 Z ! CRAWFI%1 !
LOB/]1 ! C>ID &! L1 J L ! OPIS?URETIC
QUADRUP$S1 :5 ! "O ANIMAL TURNS UP XS
TAIL &! O!R PUTS 8 TAIL ON ! O!R'S TAIL4
,COPUL,N TAKES PLACE 9 ! E>LY SPR+1 NE>
6! %ORE2 &1 9 FACT1 ! PROCESS HAS (T5
BE5 OBS]V$ 9 ! CASE ( ALL ^! ANIMALS4
,"S"TS X TAKES PLACE AB ! "T :5 ! FIGS
2G9 6RIP54 ,LOB/]S & C>IDS COPULATE 9 L
MANN]4
  ,CRABS COPULATE AT ! FRONT "PS ( "O
ANO!R1 BELLY 6BELLY1 ?R[+ _! OV]LAPP+
OP]CULA 6MEET "O ANO!R3 F/ ! SMALL] CRAB
M.TS ! L>G] AT ! RE>2 AF HE HAS M.T$1 !
L>G] "O TURNS ON "O SIDE4 ,N[1 ! FEMALE
DI6]S 9 NO RESPECT F ! MALE EXCEPT 9 !
CIRCUM/.E T XS OP]CULUM IS L>G]1 M
ELEVAT$1 & M HAIRY1 & 96? OP]CULUM X
SPAWNS XS E7S & 9 ! SAME NEI<B\RHOOD IS
! \TLET (! RESIDUUM4 ,9 ! COPULATIVE
PROCESS ( ^! ANIMALS "! IS NO PROTRU.N (
A MEMB] F "O ANIMAL 96! O!R4
                   #H
  ,9SECTS COPULATE AT ! H9D] 5D1 &!
SMALL] 9DIVIDUALS M.T ! L>G]2 &! SMALL]
9DIVIDUAL IS ,I ,I IS ! MALE4 ,! FEMALE
PU%ES F "UN1? H] SEXUAL ORGAN 96! BODY (
! MALE ABV1 ? 2+ ! REV]SE (! OP],N
OBS]V$ 9 O!R CR1TURES2 & ? ORGAN 9 !
CASE ( "S 9SECTS APPE>S 6BE
4PROPOR;NATELY L>GE :5 -P>$ 6! SIZE (!
BODY1 & T TOO 9 V M9UTE CR1TURES2 9 "S
9SECTS ! 4PROPOR;N IS N S /RIK+4 ,?
PH5OM5ON MAY 2 WIT;S$ IF ANY "O W PULL
AS"U FLIES T >E COPULAT+2 &1 0! WAY1 ^!
CR1TURES >E1 "U ! CIRCUM/.ES1 AV]SE
6SEP>,N2 =! 9T]C\RSE (! SEXES 9 _! CASE
IS ( L;G DUR,N1 Z MAY 2 OBS]V$ ) -MON
"EY"D 9SECTS1 S* Z ! FLY &! CAN?>IS4 ,!Y
ALL COPULATE 9 ! MANN] ABV DESCRIB$1 !
FLY1 ! CAN?>IS1 ! SPHONDYLE1 7!
PHALANGIUM SPID]7 ANY O!RS (! K9D T
COPULATE AT ALL4 ,! PHALANGIA-T IS 6SAY1
S* (! SPECIES Z SP9 WEBS-P]=M ! OP],N 9
! FOLL[+ WAY3 ! FEMALE TAKES HOLD (!
SUSP5D$ WEB AT ! MI4LE & GIVES A PULL1 &
! MALE GIVES A C.T] PULL2 ? OP],N !Y
REP1T UNTIL !Y >E DRAWN 9 TGR & 9T]LAC$
AT ! H9D] 5DS2 =1 0! WAY1 ? MODE (
COPUL,N SUITS !M 9 3SEQU;E (! ROTUND;Y (
_! /OMA*S4
  ,S M* =! MODES ( SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE 9 ALL
ANIMALS2 B1 ) REG>D 6! SAME PH5OM5ON1 "!
>E DEF9ITE LAWS FOLL[$ Z REG>DS ! S1SON
(! YE> &! AGE (! ANIMAL4
  ,ANIMALS 9 G5]AL SEEM NATUR,Y 4POS$ 6?
9T]C\RSE AT AB ! SAME P]IOD (! YE>1 & T
IS :5 W9T] IS *ANG+ 96SUMM]4 ,& ? IS !
S1SON ( SPR+1 9 : ALM ALL ?+S T FLY OR
WALK OR SWIM TAKE 6PAIR+4 ,"S ANIMALS
PAIR & BRE$ 9 AUTUMN AL & 9 W9T]1 Z IS !
CASE ) C]TA9 AQUATIC ANIMALS & C]TA9
BIRDS4 ,MAN PAIRS & BRE$S AT ALL S1SONS1
Z IS ! CASE AL ) DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS1 [+
6! %ELT] & GD FE$+ !Y 5JOY3 T IS 6SAY1 )
^? ^: P]IOD ( GE/,N IS AL -P>ATIVELY
BRIEF1 Z ! S[ &! BIT*1 &) ^? BIRDS T
BRE$ FREQU5TLY4 ,_M ANIMALS "T ! S1SON (
9T]C\RSE )A VIEW 6! "R NURTURE
SUBSEQU5TLY ( _! "Y4 ,9 ! HUMAN SPECIES1
! MALE IS M "U SEXUAL EXCITE;T 9 W9T]1 &
! FEMALE 9 SUMM]4
  ,) BIRDS ! F> GRT] "P1 Z HAS BE5 SD1
PAIR & BRE$ DUR+ ! SPR+ & E>LY SUMM]1 )!
EXCEP;N (! HALCYON4
  ,! HALCYON BRE$S AT ! S1SON (! W9T]
SOL/ICE4 ,ACLY1 :5 ? S1SON IS M>K$ )
CALM W1!R1 ! "N ( ,8HALCYON "DS0' IS
GIV5 6! SEV5 "DS PREC$+1 & 6Z _M FOLL[+1
! SOL/ICE2 Z ,SIMONIDES ! POET SAYS3
  ,GOD LULLS = F\RTE5 "DS ! W9DS 6SLEEP
  ,9 W9T]2 & ? TEMP]ATE 9T]LUDE
  ,M5 CALL ! ,HOLY ,S1SON1 :5 ! DEEP
  ,CRADLES ! "M ,HALCYON & H] BROOD4
  ,& ^! "DS >E CALM1 :5 S\!RLY W9DS
PREVAIL AT ! SOL/ICE1 NOR!RLY "OS HAV+
BE5 ! A3OMPANI;T (! ,PLEIADS4 ,! HALCYON
IS SD 6TAKE SEV5 "DS = BUILD+ H] NE/1 &!
O!R SEV5 = LAY+ & HAT*+ H] E7S4 ,9 \R
C.TRY "! >E N ALW HALCYON "DS AB ! "T (!
W9T] SOL/ICE1 B 9 ! ,SICILIAN S1S ?
S1SON ( CALM IS ALM P]IODICAL4 ,! BIRD
LAYS AB FIVE E7S4
                   #I
  7,! AI?YIA1 OR DIV]1 &! L>US1 OR GULL1
LAY _! E7S ON ROCKS BORD]+ ON ! SEA1 TWO
OR ?REE AT A "T2 B ! GULL LAYS 9 !
SUMM]1 &! DIV] AT ! 2G9N+ ( SPR+1 J AF !
W9T] SOL/ICE1 & X BROODS OV] XS E7S Z
BIRDS D 9 G5]AL4 ,& NEI ( ^! BIRDS
RESORTS 6A HID+-PLACE47
  ,! HALCYON IS ! MO/ R>ELY SE5 ( ALL
BIRDS4 ,X IS SE5 ONLY AB ! "T (! SETT+ (
! ,PLEIADS &! W9T] SOL/ICE4 ,:5 %IPS >E
LY+ AT AN*OR 9 ! ROADS1 X W HOV] AB A
VESSEL & !N 4APPE> 9 A MO;T1 &
,/ESI*ORUS 9 "O ( 8 POEMS ALLUDES 6?
PECULI>;Y4 ,! NI<T9GALE AL BRE$S AT !
2G9N+ ( SUMM]1 & LAYS FIVE OR SIX E7S2 F
AUTUMN UNTIL SPR+ X RETIRES 6A HID+-
PLACE4
  ,9SECTS COPULATE & BRE$ 9 W9T] AL1 T
IS :5 ! W1!R IS F9E & S\? W9DS PREVAIL2
S*1 ,I M1N1 Z D N HIB]NATE1 Z ! FLY &!
ANT4 ,! GRT] "P ( WILD ANIMALS BR+ =?
ONCE & ONCE ONLY 9 ! YE>1 EXCEPT 9 !
CASE ( ANIMALS L ! H>E1 ": ! FEMALE C
2COME SUP]FOET,Y IMPREGNAT$4
  ,9 L MANN] ! GRT MAJOR;Y ( FI%ES BRE$
ONLY ONCE A YE>1 L ! %OAL-FI%ES 7OR1 9
O!R ^WS1 S* Z >E CAU<T 9 NETS71 ! TUNNY1
! PELAMYS1 ! GREY MULLET1 ! *ALCIS1 !
MACK]EL1 ! SCIAENA1 ! PSETTA &! L1 )!
EXCEP;N (! LABRAX OR BASSE2 = ? FI%
7AL"O AM;G/ ^? M5;N$7 BRE$S TWICE A YE>1
&! SECOND BROOD IS ! W1K] (! TWO4 ,!
TRI*IAS &! ROCK-FI%ES BRE$ TWICE A YE>2
! R$ MULLET BRE$S ?RICE A YE>1 & IS
EXCEP;NAL 9 ? RESPECT4 ,? 3CLU.N 9 REG>D
6! R$ MULLET IS 9F]R$ F ! SPAWN2 =!
SPAWN (! FI% MAY 2 SE5 9 C]TA9 PLACES AT
?REE DI6]5T "TS (! YE>4 ,! SCORPAENA
BRE$S TWICE A YE>4 ,! S>GUE BRE$S TWICE1
9 ! SPR+ & 9 ! AUTUMN4 ,! SAUPE BRE$S
ONCE A YE> ONLY1 9 ! AUTUMN4 ,! FEMALE
TUNNY BRE$S ONLY ONCE A YE>1 B [+ 6!
FACT T ! FI% 9 "S CASES SPAWN E>LY & 9
O!RS LATE1 X LOOKS Z ?\< ! FI% BR$ TWICE
OV]4 ,! F/ SPAWN+ TAKES PLACE 9 ,DECEMB]
2F ! SOL/ICE1 &! LATT] SPAWN+ 9 ! SPR+4
,! MALE TUNNY DI6]S F ! FEMALE 9 2+
UNPROVID$ )! F9 2N ! BELLY : IS CALL$
APH>EUS4
                  #AJ
  ,( C>TILAG9\S FI%ES1 ! RH9A OR
ANGELFI% IS ! ONLY "O T BRE$S TWICE2 = X
BRE$S AT ! 2G9N+ ( AUTUMN1 & AT ! SETT+
(! ,PLEIADS3 &1 (! TWO S1SONS1 X IS 9
BETT] 3DI;N 9 ! AUTUMN4 ,X 5G5D]S AT A
BIR? SEV5 OR EI<T "Y4 ,C]TA9 (! DOG-
FI%ES1 = EXAMPLE ! SPOTT$ DOG1 SEEM
6BRE$ TWICE A MON?1 & ? RESULTS F !
CIRCUM/.E T ! E7S D N ALL R1* MATUR;Y AT
! SAME "T4
  ,"S FI%ES BRE$ AT ALL S1SONS1 Z !
MURAENA4 ,? ANIMAL LAYS A GRT NUMB] (
E7S AT A "T2 &! "Y :5 HAT*$ >E V SMALL B
GR[ ) GRT RAPID;Y1 L ! "Y (! HIPPURUS1 =
^! FI%ES F 2+ DIM9UTIVE AT ! \TSET GR[ )
EXCEP;NAL RAPID;Y 6AN EXCEP;NAL SIZE4
7,BE X OBS]V$ T ! MURAENA BRE$S AT ALL
S1SONS1 B ! HIPPURUS ONLY 9 ! SPR+4 ,!
SMYRUS DI6]S F ! SMYRAENA2 =! MURAENA IS
MOTTL$ & W1KLY1 ":AS ! SMYRUS IS /R;G &(
"O UNI=M COL\R1 &! COL\R RESEM#S T (!
P9E-TREE1 &! ANIMAL HAS TEE? 9SIDE & \4
,!Y SAY T 9 ? CASE1 Z 9 O!R SIMIL> "OS1
! "O IS ! MALE1 &! O!R ! FEMALE1 (A S+LE
SPECIES4 ,!Y -E \ ON 6! L&1 & >E
FREQU5TLY CAU<T47 ,FI%ES1 !N1 Z A G5]AL
RULE1 ATTA9 _! FULL GR[? ) GRT RAPID;Y1
B ? IS ESPECI,Y ! CASE1 AM;G SMALL
FI%ES1 )! CORAC9E OR CR[-FI%3 X SPAWNS1
0! WAY1 NE> ! %ORE1 9 WE$Y & TANGL$
SPOTS4 ,! ORPHUS AL1 OR SEA-P]*1 IS
SMALL AT F/1 & RAPIDLY ATTA9S A GRT
SIZE4 ,! PELAMYS &! TUNNY BRE$ 9 !
,EUX9E1 & NO": ELSE4 ,! CE/REUS OR
MULLET1 ! *RYSOPHRYS OR GILT-H1D1 &!
LABRAX OR BASSE1 BRE$ BE/ ": RIV]S RUN
96! SEA4 ,! ORCYS OR L>GE-SIZ$ TUNNY1 !
SCORPIS1 & _M O!R SPECIES SPAWN 9 ! OP5
SEA4
                  #AA
  ,FI% =! MO/ "P BRE$ "S "T OR O!R DUR+
! ?REE MON?S 2T ! MI4LE ( ,M>* &! MI4LE
( ,JUNE4 ,"S FEW BRE$ 9 AUTUMN3 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! SAUPE &! S>GUS1 & S* O!RS ( ?
SORT Z BRE$ %ORTLY 2F ! AUTUMN EQUINOX2
LIKEWISE ! ELECTRIC RAY &! ANGEL-FI%4
,O!R FI%ES BRE$ BO? 9 W9T] & 9 SUMM]1 Z
0 PREVI\SLY OBS]V$3 Z1 = 9/.E1 9 W9T]-"T
! BASSE1 ! GREY MULLET1 &! 2L"O OR PIPE-
FI%2 & 9 SUMM]-"T1 F ! MI4LE ( ,JUNE 6!
MI4LE ( ,JULY1 ! FEMALE TUNNY1 AB ! "T (
! SUMM] SOL/ICE2 &! TUNNY LAYS A SAC-L
5CLOSURE 9 : >E 3TA9$ A NUMB] ( SMALL
E7S4 ,! RYADES OR %OAL-FI%ES BRE$ 9
SUMM]4
  ,(! GREY MULLETS1 ! *ELON 2G9S 6BE 9
ROE 2T ! MI4LE ( ,NOVEMB] &! MI4LE (
,DECEMB]2 Z AL ! S>GUE1 &! SMYXON OR
MYXON1 &! CEPHALUS2 & _! P]IOD ( GE/,N
IS ?IRTY "DS4 ,&1 0! WAY1 "S (! GREY
MULLET SPECIES >E N PRODUC$ F COPUL,N1 B
GR[ SPONTANE\SLY F MUD & S&4
  ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 !N1 FI%ES >E 9 ROE 9
! SPR+-"T2 :ILE "S1 Z HAS BE5 SD1 >E S 9
SUMM]1 9 AUTUMN1 OR 9 W9T]4 ,B ":AS !
IMPREGN,N 9 ! SPR+-"T FOLL[S A G5]AL
LAW1 IMPREGN,N 9 ! O!R S1SONS DOES N
FOLL[ ! SAME RULE EI "?\T OR )9 ! LIMITS
( "O G5US2 &1 FUR!R1 3CEP;N 9 ^! V>IANT
S1SONS IS N S PROLIFIC4 ,&1 9DE$1 WE M/
BE> ? 9 M9D1 T J Z ) PLANTS & QUADRUP$S
DIV]S;Y ( LOCAL;Y HAS M* 6D N ONLY )
G5]AL PHYSICAL H1L? B AL )! -P>ATIVE
FREQU5CY ( SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE & G5],N1 S AL
) REG>D 6FI%ES LOCAL;Y ( XF HAS M* 6D N
ONLY 9 REG>D 6! SIZE & VIG\R (! CR1TURE1
B AL 9 REG>D 6XS "PURI;N & XS COPUL,NS1
CAUS+ ! SAME SPECIES 6BRE$ (T5] 9 "O
PLACE & SELDOM] 9 ANO!R4
                  #AB
  ,! MOLLUSCS AL BRE$ 9 SPR+4 ,(! M>9E
MOLLUSCS "O (! F/ 6BRE$ IS ! SEPIA4 ,X
SPAWNS AT ALL "TS (! "D & XS P]IOD (
GE/,N IS FIFTE5 "DS4 ,AF ! FEMALE HAS
LAID H] E7S1 ! MALE -ES & 4*>GES ! MILT
OV] ! E7S1 &! E7S "!^U H>D54 ,&! TWO
SEXES ( ? ANIMAL G AB 9 PAIRS1 SIDE
0SIDE2 &! MALE IS M MOTTL$ & M BLACK ON
! BACK ?AN ! FEMALE4
  ,! OCTOPUS PAIRS 9 W9T] & BRE$S 9
SPR+1 LY+ HI45 = AB TWO MON?S4 ,XS SPAWN
IS %AP$ L A V9E-T5DRIL1 & RESEM#S !
FRUIT (! :ITE POPL>2 ! CR1TURE IS
EXTRAORD9>ILY PROLIFIC1 =! NUMB] (
9DIVIDUALS T -E F ! SPAWN IS "S?+
9CALCULA#4 ,! MALE DI6]S F ! FEMALE 9 !
FACT T XS H1D IS L;G]1 & T ! ORGAN CALL$
0! FI%]M5 XS P5IS1 9 ! T5TACLE1 IS :ITE4
,! FEMALE1 AF LAY+ H] E7S1 BROODS OV]
!M1 & 9 3SEQU;E GETS \ ( 3DI;N1 0R1SON (
N GO+ 9 QUE/ ( FOOD DUR+ ! HAT*+ P]IOD4
  ,! PURPLE MUREX BRE$S AB SPR+"T1 &!
C]YX AT ! CLOSE (! W9T]4 ,&1 Z A G5]AL
RULE1 ! TE/AC1NS >E F.D 6BE FURNI%$ ) _!
S-CALL$ E7S 9 SPR+-"T & 9 AUTUMN1 )!
EXCEP;N (! $I# UR*92 = ? ANIMAL HAS ! S-
CALL$ E7S 9 MO/ ABUND.E 9 ^! S1SONS1 B
AT NO S1SON IS UNFURNI%$ ) !M2 & X IS
FURNI%$ ) !M 9 ESPECIAL ABUND.E 9 W>M
W1!R OR :5 A FULL MOON IS 9 ! SKY4
,ONLY1 0! WAY1 ^! REM>KS D N APPLY 6!
SEA-UR*9 F.D 9 ! ,PYRRHAEAN ,/RAITS1 = ?
UR*9 IS AT XS BE/ = TA# PURPOSES 9 !
W9T]2 & ^! UR*9S >E SMALL B FULL ( E7S4
  ,SNAILS >E F.D 0OBS]V,NS 62COME 9 ALL
CASES IMPREGNAT$ AB ! SAME S1SON4
                  #AC
  7,( BIRDS ! WILD SPECIES1 Z HAS BE5
/AT$1 Z A G5]AL RULE PAIR & BRE$ ONLY
ONCE A YE>4 ,! SWALL[1 H["E1 &!
BLACKBIRD BRE$ TWICE4 ,) REG>D 6!
BLACKBIRD1 H["E1 XS F/ BROOD IS KILL$
09CLEM5CY ( W1!R 7= X IS ! E>LIE/ ( ALL
BIRDS 6BRE$71 B ! SECOND BROOD X USU,Y
SU3E$S 9 RE>+4
  ,BIRDS T >E DOME/ICAT$ OR T >E CAPA# (
DOME/IC,N BRE$ FREQU5TLY1 J Z ! -MON
PIGEON BRE$S ALL "? ! SUMM]1 & Z IS SE5
9 ! B>N-DOOR H52 =! B>N-DOOR COCK & H5 H
9T]C\RSE1 &! H5 BRE$S1 AT ALL S1SONS
ALIKE3 EXCEPT+ 0! WAY1 DUR+ ! "DS AB !
W9T] SOL/ICE4
  ,(! PIGEON FAMILY "! >E _M DIV]SITIES2
=! P]I/]A OR -MON PIGEON IS N ID5TICAL )
! PELEIAS OR ROCK-PIGEON4 ,9 O!R ^WS1 !
ROCK-PIGEON IS SMALL] ?AN ! -MON PIGEON1
& IS LESS EASILY DOME/ICAT$2 X IS AL
BLACK1 & SMALL1 R$-FOOT$ & R\<-FOOT$2 &
9 3SEQU;E ( ^! PECULI>ITIES X IS
NEGLECT$ 0! PIGEON-FANCI]4 ,! L>GE/ (
ALL ! PIGEON SPECIES IS ! PHATTA OR R+-
DOVE2 &! NEXT 9 SIZE IS ! OENAS OR /OCK-
DOVE2 &! /OCK-DOVE IS A LL L>G] ?AN !
-MON PIGEON4 ,! SMALLE/ ( ALL ! SPECIES
IS ! TURTLE-DOVE4 ,PIGEONS BRE$ & HAT*
AT ALL S1SONS1 IF !Y >E FURNI%$ )A SUNNY
PLACE & ALL REQUISITES2 UN.S !Y >E S
FURNI%$1 !Y BRE$ ONLY 9 ! SUMM]4 ,! SPR+
BROOD IS ! BE/1 OR ! AUTUMN BROOD4 ,AT
ALL EV5TS1 )\T D\BT1 ! PRODUCE (! HOT
S1SON1 ! SUMM] BROOD1 IS ! POORE/ (!
?REE47

                  #AD
  ,FUR!R1 ANIMALS DI6] F "O ANO!R 9
REG>D 6! "T ( LIFE T IS BE/ ADAPT$ =
SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE4
  ,62G9 )1 9 MO/ ANIMALS ! SECRE;N (!
SEM9AL FLUID & XS G5]ATIVE CAPAC;Y >E N
PH5OM5A SIMULTANE\SLY MANIFE/$1 B
MANIFE/$ SU3ESSIVELY4 ,?US1 9 ALL
ANIMALS1 ! E>LIE/ SECRE;N ( SP]M IS
UNFRUIT;L1 OR IF X 2 FRUIT;L ! ISSUE IS
-P>ATIVELY POOR & SMALL4 ,& ? PH5OM5ON
IS ESPECI,Y OBS]VA# 9 MAN1 9 VIVIP>\S
QUADRUP$S1 & 9 BIRDS2 = 9 ! CASE ( MAN &
! QUADRUP$ ! (FSPR+ IS SMALL]1 & 9 !
CASE (! BIRD1 ! EGG4
  ,= ANIMALS T COPULATE1 ( "O &! SAME
SPECIES1 ! AGE = MATUR;Y IS 9 MO/
SPECIES TOL]ABLY UNI=M1 UN.S X O3URS
PREMATURELY 0R1SON ( ABNORMAL;Y1 OR IS
PO/PON$ 0PHYSICAL 9JURY4
  ,9 MAN1 !N1 MATUR;Y IS 9DICAT$ 0A
*ANGE (! T"O ( VOICE1 0AN 9CR1SE 9 SIZE
& AN ALT],N 9 APPE>.E (! SEXUAL ORGANS1
Z AL 9 AN 9CR1SE ( SIZE & ALT],N 9
APPE>.E (! BR1/S2 & ABV ALL1 9 ! HAIR-
GR[? AT ! PUBES4 ,MAN 2G9S 6POSSESS
SEM9AL FLUID AB ! AGE ( F\RTE51 & 2COMES
G5]ATIVELY CAPA# AT AB ! AGE ( TW5TY-"O
YE>S4
  ,9 O!R ANIMALS "! IS NO HAIR-GR[? AT !
PUBES 7= "S ANIMALS H NO HAIR AT ALL1 &
O!RS H N"O ON ! BELLY1 OR LESS ON !
BELLY ?AN ON ! BACK71 B /1 9 "S ANIMALS
! *ANGE ( VOICE IS Q OBVI\S2 & 9 "S
ANIMALS O!R ORGANS GIVE 9DIC,N (! -M5C+
SECRE;N (! SP]M &! ONSET ( G5]ATIVE
CAPAC;Y4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE ! FEMALE IS
%>P]-TON$ 9 VOICE ?AN ! MALE1 &! "Y
ANIMAL ?AN ! ELD]2 =1 0! WAY1 ! /AG HAS
A M* DEEP]-TON$ BAY ?AN ! H9D4 ,MOREOV]1
! MALE CRIES *IEFLY AT RUTT+ "T1 &!
FEMALE "U T]ROR & AL>M2 &! CRY (! FEMALE
IS %ORT1 & T (! MALE PROL;G$4 ,) DOGS
AL1 Z !Y GR[ OLD1 ! T"O (! B>K GETS
DEEP]4
  ,"! IS A DI6];E OBS]VA# AL 9 ! NEI<+S
( HORSES4 ,T IS 6SAY1 ! FEMALE FOAL HAS
A ?9 SMALL NEI<1 &! MALE FOAL A SMALL
NEI<1 YET BI7] & DEEP]-TON$ ?AN T (!
FEMALE1 &A L\D] "O Z "T GOES ON4 ,& :5 !
"Y MALE & FEMALE >E TWO YE>S OLD & TAKE
6BRE$+1 ! NEI<+ (! /ALLION 2COMES L\D &
DEEP1 & T (! M>E L\D] & %RILL] ?AN
"HTO=E2 & ? *ANGE GOES ON UNTIL !Y R1* !
AGE ( AB TW5TY YE>S2 & AF ? "T ! NEI<+ 9
BO? SEXES 2COMES W1K] & W1K]4
  ,Z A RULE1 !N1 Z 0 /AT$1 ! VOICE (!
MALE DI6]S F ! VOICE (! FEMALE1 9
ANIMALS ": ! VOICE ADMITS (A 3T9U\S &
PROL;G$ S.D1 9 ! FACT T ! NOTE 9 ! MALE
VOICE IS M DEEP & BASS2 N1 H["E1 9 ALL
ANIMALS1 =! 3TR>Y HOLDS GD 9 ! CASE (
"S1 Z = 9/.E 9 K9E3 = "H ! C[ HAS A
DEEP] NOTE ?AN ! BULL1 &! CALVES A DEEP]
NOTE ?AN ! CATTLE4 ,& WE C ?US "U/& !
*ANGE ( VOICE 9 ANIMALS T "UGO GELD+2 =
MALE ANIMALS T "UGO ? PROCESS ASSUME !
"*S (! FEMALE4
  ,! FOLL[+ >E ! AGES AT : V>I\S ANIMALS
2COME CAPACITAT$ = SEXUAL -M]CE4 ,! EWE
&! %E-GOAT >E SEXU,Y MATURE :5 "O YE>
OLD1 & ? /ATE;T IS MADE M 3FID5TLY 9
RESPECT 6! %E-GOAT ?AN 6! EWE2 ! RAM &!
HE-GOAT >E SEXU,Y MATURE AT ! SAME AGE4
,! PROG5Y ( V "Y 9DIVIDUALS AM;G ^!
ANIMALS DI6]S F T ( O!R MALES3 =! MALES
IMPROVE 9 ! C\RSE (! SECOND YE>1 :5 !Y
2COME FULLY MATURE4 ,! BO> &! S[ >E
CAPA# ( 9T]C\RSE :5 EI<T MON?S OLD1 &!
FEMALE BR+S =? :5 "O YE> OLD1 ! DI6];E
CORRESPOND+ 6H] P]IOD ( GE/,N4 ,! BO> IS
CAPA# ( G5],N :5 EI<T MON?S OLD1 B1 )A
SIRE "U A YE> 9 AGE1 ! LITT] IS APT 6BE
A POOR "O4 ,! AGES1 H["E1 >E N 9V>IA#2
N[ & !N ! BO> &! S[ >E CAPA# ( 9T]C\RSE
:5 F\R MON?S OLD1 & >E CAPA# ( PRODUC+ A
LITT] : C 2 RE>$ :5 SIX MON?S OLD2 B AT
"TS ! BO> 2G9S 6BE CAPA# ( 9T]C\RSE :5
T5 MON?S4 ,HE 3T9UES SEXU,Y MATURE UNTIL
HE IS ?REE YE>S OLD4 ,! DOG &! BIT* >E1
Z A RULE1 SEXU,Y CAPA# & SEXU,Y
RECEPTIVE :5 A YE> OLD1 & "S"TS :5 EI<T
MON?S OLD2 B ! PRIOR;Y 9 DATE IS M -MON
)! DOG ?AN )! BIT*4 ,! P]IOD ( GE/,N )!
BIT* IS SIXTY "DS1 OR SIXTY-"O1 OR
SIXTY-TWO1 OR SIXTY-?REE AT ! UTMO/2 !
P]IOD IS N"E "U SIXTY "DS1 OR1 IF X IS1
! LITT] -ES 6NO GD4 ,! BIT*1 AF DELIV]+
A LITT]1 SUBMITS 6! MALE 9 SIX MON?S1 B
N 2F4 ,! HORSE &! M>E >E1 AT ! E>LIE/1
SEXU,Y CAPA# & SEXU,Y MATURE :5 TWO YE>S
OLD2 ! ISSUE1 H["E1 ( P>5TS ( ? AGE IS
SMALL & POOR4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE ^! ANIMALS
>E SEXU,Y CAPA# :5 ?REE YE>S OLD1 & !Y
GR[ BETT] = BRE$+ PURPOSES UNTIL !Y R1*
TW5TY YE>S4 ,! /ALLION IS SEXU,Y CAPA#
UP 6! AGE ( ?IRTY-?REE YE>S1 &! M>E UP
6=TY1 S T1 9 PO9T ( FACT1 ! ANIMALS >E
SEXU,Y CAPA# ALL _! LIVES L;G2 =!
/ALLION1 Z A RULE1 LIVES = AB ?IRTY-FIVE
YE>S1 &! M>E =A LL OV] =TY2 AL?1 0! WAY1
A HORSE HAS "KN 6LIVE 6! AGE ( SEV5TY-
FIVE4 ,! ASS &! %E-ASS >E SEXU,Y CAPA#
:5 ?IRTY MON?S OLD2 B1 Z A RULE1 !Y >E N
G5]ATIVELY MATURE UNTIL !Y >E ?REE YE>S
OLD1 OR ?REE YE>S &A HALF4 ,AN 9/.E HAS
BE5 "KN (A %E-ASS BE>+ & BR++ =? A FOAL
:5 ONLY A YE> OLD4 ,A C[ HAS BE5 "KN
6CALVE :5 ONLY A YE> OLD1 &! CALF GREW Z
BIG Z MI<T 2 EXPECT$1 B NO M4 ,S M* =!
DATES 9 "T AT : ^! ANIMALS ATTA9
6G5]ATIVE CAPAC;Y4
  ,9 ! HUMAN SPECIES1 ! MALE IS
G5]ATIVE1 AT ! L;GE/1 UP 6SEV5TY YE>S1 &
! FEMALE UP 6FIFTY2 B S* EXT5D$ P]IODS
>E R>E4 ,Z A RULE1 ! MALE IS G5]ATIVE UP
6! AGE ( SIXTY-FIVE1 & 6! AGE ( =TY-FIVE
! FEMALE IS CAPA# ( 3CEP;N4
  ,! EWE BE>S UP 6EI<T YE>S1 &1 IF %E 2
C>E;LLY T5D$1 UP 6ELEV5 YE>S2 9 FACT1 !
RAM &! EWE >E SEXU,Y CAPA# PRETTY WELL
ALL _! LIVES L;G4 ,HE-GOATS1 IF !Y 2
FAT1 >E M OR LESS UNS]VICEA# = BRE$+2 &
?1 0! WAY1 IS ! R1SON :Y C.TRY FOLK SAY
(A V9E :5 X /OPS BE>+ T X IS ,8RUNN+ !
GOAT0'4 ,H["E1 IF AN OV]-FAT HE-GOAT 2
?9N$ D[N1 HE 2COMES SEXU,Y CAPA# &
G5]ATIVE4
  ,RAMS S+LE \ ! OLDE/ EWES = COPUL,N1 &
%[ NO REG>D =! "Y "OS4 ,&1 Z HAS BE5
/AT$1 ! ISSUE (! "Y] EWES IS POOR] ?AN T
(! OLD] "OS4
  ,! BO> IS GD = BRE$+ PURPOSES UNTIL HE
IS ?REE YE>S ( AGE2 B AF T AGE 8 ISSUE
DET]IORATES1 = AF T AGE 8 VIG\R IS ON !
DECL9E4 ,! BO> IS MO/ CAPA# AF A GD FE$1
&)! F/ S[ X M.TS2 IF POORLY F$ OR PUT
6_M FEMALES1 ! COPUL,N IS A2REVIAT$1 &!
LITT] IS -P>ATIVELY POOR4 ,! F/ LITT] (!
S[ IS ! FEWE/ 9 NUMB]2 AT ! SECOND LITT]
%E IS AT H] PRIME4 ,! ANIMAL1 Z X GR[S
OLD1 3T9UES 6BRE$1 B ! SEXUAL DESIRE
ABATES4 ,:5 !Y R1* FIFTE5 YE>S1 !Y 2COME
UNPRODUCTIVE1 & >E GETT+ OLD4 ,IF A S[ 2
HI<LY F$1 X IS ALL ! M EAG] = SEXUAL
-M]CE1 :E!R OLD OR "Y2 B1 IF X 2 OV]-
FATT5$ 9 PREGNANCY1 X GIVES ! LESS MILK
AF "PURI;N4 ,) REG>D 6! AGE (! P>5TS1 !
LITT] IS ! BE/ :5 !Y >E 9 _! PRIME2 B )
REG>D 6! S1SONS (! YE>1 ! LITT] IS ! BE/
T -ES AT ! 2G9N+ ( W9T]2 &! SUMM] LITT]
! POORE/1 3SI/+ Z X USU,Y DOES ( ANIMALS
SMALL & ?9 & FLA3ID4 ,! BO>1 IF X 2 WELL
F$1 IS SEXU,Y CAPA# AT ALL H\RS1 NI<T &
"D2 B O!RWISE IS PECULI>LY SALACI\S E>LY
9 ! MORN+4 ,Z X GR[S OLD ! SEXUAL PAS.N
DIES AWAY1 Z WE H ALR REM>K$4 ,V (T5 A
BO>1 :5 M OR LESS IMPOT5T F AGE OR
DEBIL;Y1 F9D+ XF UNA# 6A3OMPLI% ! SEXUAL
-M]CE ) DUE SPE$1 & GR[+ FATIGU$ )! /&+
PO/URE1 W ROLL ! S[ OV] ON ! GR.D1 &!
PAIR W 3CLUDE ! OP],N SIDE 0SIDE ( "O
ANO!R4 ,! S[ IS SURE ( 3CEP;N IF X DROPS
XS LUGS 9 RUTT+ "T2 IF ! E>S D N ?US
DROP1 X MAY H 6RUT A SECOND "T 2F
IMPREGN,N TAKES PLACE4
  ,BIT*ES D N SUBMIT 6! MALE "?\T _!
LIVES1 B ONLY UNTIL !Y R1* A C]TA9
MATUR;Y ( YE>S4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 !Y >E
SEXU,Y RECEPTIVE & 3CEPTIVE UNTIL !Y >E
TWELVE YE>S OLD2 AL?1 0! WAY1 CASES H
BE5 "KN ": DOGS & BIT*ES H BE5
RESPECTIVELY PROCR1TIVE & 3CEPTIVE 6!
AGES ( EI<TE5 & EV5 ( TW5TY YE>S4 ,B1 Z
A RULE1 AGE DIM9I%ES ! CAPABIL;Y ( G5],N
&( 3CEP;N ) ^! ANIMALS Z ) ALL O!RS4
  ,! FEMALE (! CAMEL IS OPIS?URETIC1 &
SUBMITS 6! MALE 9 ! WAY ABV DESCRIB$2 &!
S1SON = COPUL,N 9 ,>ABIA IS AB ! MON? (
,OCTOB]4 ,XS P]IOD ( GE/,N IS TWELVE
MON?S2 & X IS N"E DELIV]$ ( M ?AN "O
FOAL AT A "T4 ,! FEMALE 2COMES SEXU,Y
RECEPTIVE &! MALE SEXU,Y CAPA# AT ! AGE
( ?REE YE>S4 ,AF "PURI;N1 AN 9T]VAL (A
YE> ELAPSES 2F ! FEMALE IS AG RECEPTIVE
6! MALE4
  ,! FEMALE ELEPHANT 2COMES SEXU,Y
RECEPTIVE :5 T5 YE>S OLD AT ! "YE/1 & :5
FIFTE5 AT ! OLDE/2 &! MALE IS SEXU,Y
CAPA# :5 FIVE YE>S OLD1 OR SIX4 ,! S1SON
= 9T]C\RSE IS SPR+4 ,! MALE ALL[S AN
9T]VAL ( ?REE YE>S 6ELAPSE AF -M]CE )A
FEMALE3 &1 AF X HAS ONCE IMPREGNAT$ A
FEMALE1 X HAS NO 9T]C\RSE ) H] AG4 ,!
P]IOD ( GE/,N )! FEMALE IS TWO YE>S2 &
ONLY "O "Y ANIMAL IS PRODUC$ AT A "T1 9
O!R ^WS X IS UNIP>\S4 ,&! EMBRYO IS !
SIZE (A CALF TWO OR ?REE MON?S OLD4
                  #AE
  ,S M* =! COPUL,NS ( S* ANIMALS Z
COPULATE4
  ,WE N[ PROCE$ 6TR1T ( G5],N BO? )
RESPECT 6COPULAT+ & NON-COPULAT+
ANIMALS1 & WE % -M;E ) 4CUSS+ ! SUBJECT
( G5],N 9 ! CASE (! TE/AC1NS4
  ,! TE/AC1N IS ALM ! ONLY G5US T "?\T
ALL XS SPECIES IS NON-COPULATIVE4
  ,! PORPHYRAE1 OR PURPLE MURICES1 GA!R
TGR 6"S "O PLACE 9 ! SPR+-"T1 & DEPOSIT
! S-CALL$ ,8H"OYCOMB0'4 ,? SUB/.E
RESEM#S ! -B1 ONLY T X IS N S N1T &
DELICATE2 & LOOKS Z ?\< A NUMB] ( HUSKS
( :ITE *ICK-P1S 7 ALL /UCK TGR4 ,B N"O (
^! /RUCTURES HAS ANY OP5 PASSAGE1 &!
PORPHYRA DOES N GR[ \ ( !M1 B ^! & ALL
O!R TE/AC1NS GR[ \ ( MUD & DECAY+ MATT]4
,! SUB/.E1 IS1 9 FACT1 AN EXCRE;N (!
PORPHYRA &! C]YX2 = X IS DEPOSIT$ 0!
C]YX Z WELL4 ,S*1 !N1 (! TE/AC1NS Z
DEPOSIT ! H"OYCOMB >E G5]AT$
SPONTANE\SLY L ALL O!R TE/AC1NS1 B !Y
C]TA9LY -E 9 GRT] ABUND.E 9 PLACES ": _!
3G5]S H BE5 LIV+ PREVI\SLY4 ,AT ! -M;E;T
(! PROCESS ( DEPOSIT+ ! H"OYCOMB1 !Y ?R[
(F A SLIPP]Y MUCUS1 &( ? ! HUSKLIKE
=M,NS >E -POS$4 ,^! =M,NS1 !N1 ALL MELT
& DEPOSIT _! 3T5TS ON ! GR.D1 & AT ?
SPOT "! >E F.D ON ! GR.D A NUMB] ( M9UTE
PORPHYRAE1 & PORPHYRAE >E CAU<T AT "TS )
^! ANIMALCULAE ^U !M1 "S ( : >E TOO
SMALL 6BE DI6]5TIAT$ 9 =M4 ,IF !
PORPHYRAE >E CAU<T 2F PRODUC+ ? H"OY-
-B1 !Y "S"TS G "? ! PROCESS 9 FI%+-
CREELS1 N "H & "! 9 ! BASKETS1 B GA!R+
6"S "O SPOT ALL TGR1 J Z !Y D 9 ! SEA2 &
[+ 6! N>R[;S ( _! NEW QU>T]S !Y CLU/]
TGR L A BUN* ( GRAPES4
  ,"! >E _M SPECIES (! PURPLE MUREX2 &
"S >E L>GE1 Z ^? F.D (F ,SIGEUM &
,LECTUM2 O!RS >E SMALL1 Z ^? F.D 9 !
,EURIPUS1 & ON ! COA/ ( ,C>IA4 ,& ^? T
>E F.D 9 BAYS >E L>GE & R\<2 9 MO/ ( !M
! PECULI> BLOOM F : _! "N IS DERIV$ IS
D>K 6BLACK;S1 9 O!RS X IS R$DI% & SMALL
9 SIZE2 "S (! L>GE "OS WEI< UPW>DS (A
M9A APIECE4 ,B ! SPECIM5S T >E F.D AL;G
! COA/ & ON ! ROCKS >E SMALL-SIZ$1 &!
BLOOM 9 _! CASE IS (A R$DI% HUE4 ,FUR!R1
Z A G5]AL RULE1 9 NOR!RN WAT]S ! BLOOM
IS BLACKI%1 & 9 S\!RN WAT]S (A R$DI%
HUE4 ,! MUREX IS CAU<T 9 ! SPR+-"T :5
5GAG$ 9 ! 3/RUC;N (! H"OYCOMB2 B X IS N
CAU<T AT ANY "T AB ! RIS+ (! DOG-/>1 =
AT T P]IOD X DOES N FE$1 B 3C1LS XF &
BURR[S4 ,! BLOOM (! ANIMAL IS SITUAT$ 2T
! MECON 7OR QUASI-LIV]7 &! NECK1 &! CO-
ATTA*;T ( ^! IS AN 9TIMATE "O4 ,9 COL\R
X LOOKS L A :ITE MEMBRANE1 & ? IS :AT P
EXTRACT2 & IF X 2 REMOV$ & SQUEEZ$ X
/A9S YR H& )! COL\R (! BLOOM4 ,"! IS A
K9D ( VE9 T RUNS "? X1 & ? QUASI-VE9 WD
APPE> 6BE 9 XF ! BLOOM4 ,&! QUALITIES1
0! WAY1 ( ? ORGAN >E A/R+5T4 ,X IS AF !
MUREX HAS 3/RUCT$ ! H"OYCOMB T ! BLOOM
IS AT XS WOR/4 ,SMALL SPECIM5S !Y BR1K 9
PIECES1 %ELLS & ALL1 = X IS NO EASY
MATT] 6EXTRACT ! ORGAN2 B 9 D1L+ )! L>G]
"OS !Y F/ /RIP (F ! %ELL & !N AB/RACT !
BLOOM4 ,= ? PURPOSE ! NECK & MECON >E
SEP>AT$1 =! BLOOM LIES 9 2T !M1 ABV ! S-
CALL$ /OMA*2 H;E ! NECESS;Y ( SEP>AT+ !M
9 AB/RACT+ ! BLOOM4 ,FI%]M5 >E ANXI\S
ALW 6BR1K ! ANIMAL 9 PIECES :ILE X IS
YET ALIVE1 =1 IF X DIE 2F ! PROCESS IS
-PLET$1 X VOMITS \ ! BLOOM2 &= ? R1SON !
FI%]M5 KEEP ! ANIMALS 9 CREELS1 UNTIL !Y
H COLLECT$ A SU6ICI5T NUMB] & C ATT5D
6!M AT _! LEISURE4 ,FI%]M5 9 PA/ "TS US$
N 6L[] CREELS OR ATTA* !M 6! BAIT1 S T V
(T5 ! ANIMAL GOT DROPP$ (F 9 ! PULL+ UP2
AT PRES5T1 H["E1 !Y ALW ATTA* A BASKET1
S T IF ! ANIMAL FALL (F X IS N LO/4 ,!
ANIMAL IS M 9CL9$ 6SLIP (F ! BAIT IF X 2
FULL 9SIDE2 IF X 2 EMPTY X IS DI6ICULT
6%AKE X (F4 ,S* >E ! PH5OM5A 3NECT$ )!
PORPHYRA OR MUREX4
  ,! SAME PH5OM5A >E MANIFE/$ 0! C]YX OR
TRUMPET-%ELL2 &! S1SONS >E ! SAME 9 : !
PH5OM5A >E OBS]VA#4 ,BO? ANIMALS1 AL1 !
MUREX &! C]YX1 H _! OP]CULA SIMIL>LY
SITUAT$-&1 9 FACT1 ALL ! /ROMBOIDS1 & ?
IS 3G5ITAL ) !M ALL2 & !Y FE$ 0PROTRUD+
! S-CALL$ T;GUE "UN1? ! OP]CULUM4 ,!
T;GUE (! MUREX IS BI7] ?AN "O'S F+]1 &
0M1NS ( X1 X FE$S1 & P]=ATES 3*YLIA &!
%ELLS ( XS [N K9D4 ,BO? ! MUREX &! C]YX
>E L;G LIV$4 ,! MUREX LIVES = AB SIX
YE>S2 &! YE>LY 9CR1SE IS 9DICAT$ 0A
4T9CT 9T]VAL 9 ! SPIRAL 3VOLU;N (! %ELL4
  ,! MUSSEL AL 3/RUCTS A H"OYCOMB4
  ,) REG>D 6! LIMNO/R1E1 OR LAGOON
OY/]S1 :]"E Y H SLIMY MUD "! Y >E SURE
6F9D !M 2G9N+ 6GR[4 ,COCKLES & CLAMS &
RAZOR-FI%ES & SCALLOPS R[ SPONTANE\SLY 9
S&Y PLACES4 ,! P9NA GR[S /RAI<T UP F XS
TUFT ( AN*OR+ FIBRES 9 S&Y & SLIMY
PLACES2 ^! CR1TURES H 9SIDE !M A P>ASITE
NICK"ND ! P9NA-GU>D1 9 "S CASES A SMALL
C>ID & 9 O!R CASES A LL CRAB2 IF ! P9NA
2 DEPRIV$ ( ? P9NA-GU>D X SOON DIES4
  ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 !N1 ALL TE/AC1NS GR[
0SPONTANE\S G5],N 9 MUD1 DI6]+ F "O
ANO!R AC 6! DI6];ES (! MAT]IAL2 OY/]S
GR[+ 9 SLIME1 & COCKLES &! O!R TE/AC1NS
ABV M5;N$ ON S&Y BOTTOMS2 & 9 ! HOLL[S (
! ROCKS ! ASCIDIAN &! B>NACLE1 & -MON
SORTS1 S* Z ! LIMPET &! N]ITES4 ,ALL ^!
ANIMALS GR[ ) GRT RAPID;Y1 ESPECI,Y !
MUREX &! SCALLOP2 =! MUREX &! SCALLOP
ATTA9 _! FULL GR[? 9 A YE>4 ,9 "S (!
TE/AC1NS :ITE CRABS >E F.D1 V DIM9UTIVE
9 SIZE2 !Y >E MO/ NUM]\S 9 ! TR\< %AP$
MUSSEL4 ,9 ! P9NA AL IS F.D ! S-CALL$
P9NA-GU>D4 ,!Y >E F.D AL 9 ! SCALLOP & 9
! OY/]2 ^! P>ASITES N"E APPE> 6GR[ 9
SIZE4 ,FI%]M5 DCL T ! P>ASITE IS 3G5ITAL
)! L>G] ANIMAL4 7,SCALLOPS BURR[ =A "T 9
! S&1 L ! MUREX47
  7,%ELL-FI%1 !N1 GR[ 9 ! WAY ABV M5;N$2
& "S ( !M GR[ 9 %ALL[ WAT]1 "S ON ! SEA-
%ORE1 "S 9 ROCKY PLACES1 "S ON H>D &
/ONY GR.D1 & "S 9 S&Y PLACES47 ,"S %IFT
AB F PLACE 6PLACE1 O!RS REMA9 P]MAN5T ON
"O SPOT4 ,( ^? T KEEP 6"O SPOT ! P9NAE
>E ROOT$ 6! GR.D2 ! RAZOR-FI% &! CLAM
KEEP 6! SAME LOCAL;Y1 B >E N S ROOT$2 B
/1 IF =CIBLY REMOV$ !Y DIE4
  7,! />-FI% IS NATUR,Y S W>M T :AT"E X
LAYS HOLD ( IS F.D1 :5 SU45LY TAK5 AWAY
F ! ANIMAL1 6H "UG"O A PROCESS L BOIL+4
,FI%]M5 SAY T ! />-FI% IS A GRT PE/ 9 !
,/RAIT ( ,PYRRHA4 ,9 %APE X RESEM#S A />
Z SE5 9 AN ORD9>Y DRAW+4 ,! S-CALL$
,8LUNGS0' >E G5]AT$ SPONTANE\SLY4 ,!
%ELLS T PA9T]S USE >E A GD D1L ?ICK]1 &!
BLOOM IS \TSIDE ! %ELL ON ! SURFACE4 ,^!
CR1TURES >E MO/LY F.D ON ! COA/ (
,C>IA47
  ,! H]MIT-CRAB GR[S SPONTANE\SLY \ (
SOIL & SLIME1 & F9DS XS WAY 96UNT5ANT$
%ELLS4 ,Z X GR[S X %IFTS 6A L>G] %ELL1 Z
= 9/.E 96! %ELL (! N]ITES1 OR (! /ROMBUS
OR ! L1 & V (T5 96! %ELL (! SMALL C]YX4
,AF 5T]+ NEW %ELL1 X C>RIES X AB1 & 2G9S
AG 6FE$1 &1 0& BY1 Z X GR[S1 X %IFTS AG
96ANO!R L>G] "O4
                  #AF
  ,MOREOV]1 ! ANIMALS T >E UNFURNI%$ )
%ELLS GR[ SPONTANE\SLY1 L ! TE/AC1NS1 Z1
= 9/.E1 ! SEA-NETTLES &! SP;GES 9 ROCKY
CAVES4
  ,(! SEA-NETTLE1 OR SEA-ANEMONE1 "! >E
TWO SPECIES2 &( ^! "O SPECIES LIVES 9
HOLL[S & N"E LOOS5S XS HOLD ^U ! ROCKS1
&! O!R LIVES ON SMOO? FLAT REEFS1 FREE &
DETA*$1 & %IFTS XS POSI;N F "T 6"T4
7,LIMPETS AL DETA* !MVS1 & %IFT F PLACE
6PLACE47
  ,9 ! *AMB]$ CAVITIES ( SP;GES P9NA-
GU>DS OR P>ASITES >E F.D4 ,& OV] !
*AMB]S "! IS A K9D ( SPID]'S WEB1 0!
OP5+ & CLOS+ ( : !Y CAT* MUTE FI%ES2 T
IS 6SAY1 !Y OP5 ! WEB 6LET ! FI% GET IN1
& CLOSE X AG 65TRAP !M4
  ,( SP;GES "! >E ?REE SPECIES2 ! F/ IS
( LOOSE POR\S TEXTURE1 ! SECOND IS CLOSE
TEXTUR$1 ! ?IRD1 : IS NICK"ND ,8! SP;GE
( ,A*ILLES0'1 IS EXCEP;N,Y F9E & CLOSE-
TEXTUR$ & /R;G4 ,? SP;GE IS US$ Z A L9+
6HELMETS & GR1VES1 =! PURPOSE ( D1D5+ !
S.D (! BL[2 & ? IS A V SC>CE SPECIES4
,(! CLOSE TEXTUR$ SP;GES S* Z >E
"PICUL>LY H>D & R\< >E NICK"ND
,8GOATS0'4
  ,SP;GES GR[ SPONTANE\SLY EI ATTA*$ 6A
ROCK OR ON SEA-B1*ES1 & !Y GET _!
NUTRI;T 9 SLIME3 A PRO( ( ? /ATE;T IS !
FACT T :5 !Y >E F/ SECUR$ !Y >E F.D 6BE
FULL ( SLIME4 ,? IS "*I/IC ( ALL LIV+
CR1TURES T GET _! NUTRI;T 0CLOSE LOCAL
ATTA*;T4 ,&1 0! WAY1 ! CLOSE-TEXTUR$
SP;GES >E W1K] ?AN ! M OP5LY POR\S "OS
2C _! ATTA*;T EXT5DS OV] A SMALL] >EA4
  ,X IS SD T ! SP;GE IS S5SITIVE2 & Z A
PRO( ( ? /ATE;T !Y SAY T IF ! SP;GE IS
MADE AW>E ( AN ATTEMPT 2+ MADE 6PLUCK X
F XS PLACE ( ATTA*;T X DRAWS XF TGR1 & X
2COMES A DI6ICULT TASK 6DETA* X4 ,X
MAKES A SIMIL> 3TRACTILE MOVE;T 9 W9DY &
BOI/]\S W1!R1 OBVI\SLY )! OBJECT (
TI<T5+ XS HOLD4 ,"S P]SONS EXPRESS D\BTS
Z 6! TRU? ( ? ASS];N2 Z1 = 9/.E1 ! P (
,TOR"O4
  ,! SP;GE BRE$S P>ASITES1 WORMS1 & O!R
CR1TURES1 ON :1 IF !Y 2 DETA*$1 ! ROCK-
FI%ES PREY1 Z !Y PREY AL ON ! REMA9+
/UMPS (! SP;GE2 B1 IF ! SP;GE 2 BROK5
(F1 X GR[S AG F ! REMA9+ /UMP &! PLACE
IS SOON Z WELL COV]$ Z 2F4
  ,! L>GE/ ( ALL SP;GES >E ! LOOSE-
TEXTUR$ "OS1 & ^! >E PECULI>LY ABUNDANT
ON ! COA/ ( ,LYCIA4 ,! S(TE/ >E ! CLOSE-
TEXTUR$ SP;GES2 =1 0! WAY1 ! S-CALL$
SP;GES ( ,A*ILLES >E H>D] ?AN ^!4 ,Z A
G5]AL RULE1 SP;GES T >E F.D 9 DEEP CALM
WAT]S >E ! S(TE/2 = USU,Y W9DY & /ORMY
W1!R HAS A T5D5CY 6H>D5 !M 7Z X HAS
6H>D5 ALL SIMIL> GR[+ ?+S71 & 6>RE/ _!
GR[?4 ,& ? A3.TS =! FACT T ! SP;GES F.D
9 ! ,HELLESPONT >E R\< & CLOSE-TEXTUR$2
&1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 SP;GES F.D 2Y OR
9SIDE ,CAPE ,MALEA >E1 RESPECTIVELY1
-P>ATIVELY S(T OR -P>ATIVELY H>D4 ,B1 0!
WAY1 ! HABITAT (! SP;GE %D N 2 TOO
%ELT]$ & W>M1 = X HAS A T5D5CY 6DECAY1 L
ALL SIMIL> VEGETA#-L GR[?S4 ,& ? A3.TS =
! FACT T ! SP;GE IS AT XS BE/ :5 F.D 9
DEEP WAT] CLOSE 6%ORE2 = [+ 6! DEP? (!
WAT] !Y 5JOY %ELT] ALIKE F /ORMY W9DS &
F EXCESSIVE H1T4
  ,:IL/ !Y >E / ALIVE & 2F !Y >E WA%$ &
CL1N$1 !Y >E BLACKI% 9 COL\R4 ,_!
ATTA*;T IS N MADE AT "O "PICUL> SPOT1
NOR IS X MADE ALL OV] _! BODIES2 =
VACANT PORE-SPACES 9T]V5E4 ,"! IS A K9D
( MEMBRANE /RET*$ OV] ! "U "PS2 & 9 ! "U
"PS ! PO9TS ( ATTA*;T >E ! M NUM]\S4 ,ON
! TOP MO/ (! PORES >E CLOS$1 B F\R OR
FIVE >E OP5 & VISI#2 & WE >E TOLD 0"S T
X IS "? ^! PORES T ! ANIMAL TAKES XS
FOOD4
  ,"! IS A "PICUL> SPECIES T IS "ND !
,8APLYSIA0' OR ! ,8UNWA%A#0'1 F !
CIRCUM/.E T X _C 2 CL1N$4 ,? SPECIES HAS
! L>GE OP5 & VISI# PORES1 B ALL ! RE/ (!
BODY IS CLOSE-TEXTUR$2 &1 IF X 2 4SECT$1
X IS F.D 6BE CLOS] & M GLUT9\S ?AN !
ORD9>Y SP;GE1 &1 9 A ^W1 "S?+ LUNG L 9
3SI/5CY4 ,&1 ON ALL H&S1 X IS ALL[$ T ?
SPECIES IS S5SITIVE & L;G-LIV$4 ,!Y >E
4T+UI%$ 9 ! SEA F ORD9>Y SP;GES F !
CIRCUM/.E T ! ORD9>Y SP;GES >E :ITE :ILE
! SLIME IS 9 !M1 B T ^! SP;GES >E "U ANY
CIRCUM/.ES BLACK4
  ,& S M* ) REG>D 6SP;GES & 6G5],N 9 !
TE/AC1NS4

                  #AG
  ,( CRU/AC1NS1 ! FEMALE CRAWFI% AF
COPUL,N 3CVS & RETA9S XS E7S = AB ?REE
MON?S1 F AB ! MI4LE ( ,MAY 6AB ! MI4LE (
,AUGU/2 !Y !N LAY ! E7S 96! FOLDS "UN1?
! BELLY1 & _! E7S GR[ L GRUBS4 ,? SAME
PH5OM5ON IS OBS]VA# 9 MOLLUSCS AL1 & 9
S* FI%ES Z >E OVIP>\S2 = 9 ALL ^! CASES
! EGG 3T9UES 6GR[4
  ,! SPAWN (! CRAWFI% IS (A LOOSE OR
GRANUL> 3SI/5CY1 & IS DIVID$ 96EI<T "PS2
= CORRESPOND+ 6EA* (! FLAPS ON ! SIDE "!
IS A GRI/LY =M,N 6: ! SPAWN IS ATTA*$1 &
! 5TIRE /RUCTURE RESEM#S A CLU/] (
GRAPES2 = EA* GRI/LY =M,N IS SPLIT
96S"EAL "PS4 ,? IS OBVI\S 5 IF Y DRAW !
"PS AS"U2 B AT F/ SI<T ! :OLE APPE>S 6BE
"O & 9DIVISI#4 ,&! L>GE/ >E N ^? NE>E/
6! \TLET B ^? 9 ! MI4LE1 &! F>!/ (F >E !
SMALLE/4 ,! SIZE (! SMALL E7S IS T (A
SMALL SE$ 9 A FIG2 & !Y >E N Q CLOSE 6!
\TLET1 B PLAC$ MI4LEWAYS2 = AT BO? 5DS1
TAILW>DS & TRUNKW>DS1 "! >E TWO 9T]VALS
DEVOID ( E7S2 = X IS ?US T ! FLAPS AL
GR[4 ,! SIDE FLAPS1 !N1 _C CLOSE1 B
0PLAC+ ! 5D FLAP ON !M ! ANIMAL C CLOSE
UP ALL1 & ? 5D-FLAP S]VES !M =A LID4 ,&
9 ! ACT ( LAY+ XS E7S X SEEMS 6BR+ !M
T[>DS ! GRI/LY =M,NS 0CURV+ ! FLAP ( XS
TAIL1 & !N1 SQUEEZ+ ! E7S T[>DS ! SD
GRI/LY =M,NS & MA9TA9+ A B5T PO/URE1 X
P]=MS ! ACT ( LAY+4 ,! GRI/LY =M,NS AT
^! S1SONS 9CR1SE 9 SIZE & 2COME
RECEPTIVE (! E7S2 =! ANIMAL LAYS XS E7S
96^! =M,NS1 J Z ! SEPIA LAYS XS E7S AM;G
TWIGS & DRIFTWOOD4
  ,X LAYS XS E7S1 !N1 9 ? MANN]1 & AF
HAT*+ !M = AB TW5TY "DS X RIDS XF ( !M
ALL 9 "O SOLID LUMP1 Z IS Q PLA9 F
\TSIDE4 ,& \ ( ^! E7S CRAWFI% =M 9 AB
FIFTE5 "DS1 & ^! CRAWFI% >E CAU<T AT "TS
LESS !N A F+]'S BR1D?1 OR SEV5-T5?S ( AN
9*1 9 L5G?4 ,! ANIMAL1 !N1 LAYS XS E7S
2F ! MI4LE ( ,SEPTEMB]1 & AF ! MI4LE ( T
MON? ?R[S (F XS E7S 9 A LUMP4 ,)! HUMP$
C>IDS OR PRAWNS ! "T = GE/,N IS F\R
MON?S OR "!ABS4
  ,CRAWFI% >E F.D 9 R\< & ROCKY PLACES1
LOB/]S 9 SMOO? PLACES1 & NEI CRAWFI% NOR
LOB/]S >E F.D 9 MU4Y "OS2 & ? A3.TS =!
FACT T LOB/]S >E F.D 9 ! ,HELLESPONT &
ON ! COA/ ( ,?ASOS1 & CRAWFI% 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD ( ,SIGEUM & ,M.T ,A?OS4
,FI%]M51 ACLY1 :5 !Y WANT 6CAT* ^! V>I\S
CR1TURES \ AT SEA1 TAKE BE>+S ON ! B1* &
ELSE": T TELL !M ": ! GR.D AT ! BOTTOM
IS /ONY & ": S(T ) SLIME4 ,9 W9T] & SPR+
^! ANIMALS KEEP 9 NE> 6L&1 9 SUMM] !Y
KEEP 9 DEEP WAT]2 ?US AT V>I\S "TS SEEK+
RESPECTIVELY = W>M? OR COOL;S4
  ,! S-CALL$ >CTUS OR BE>-CRAB LAYS XS
E7S AT AB ! SAME "T Z ! CRAWFI%2 &
3SEQU5TLY 9 W9T] & 9 ! SPR+-"T1 2F LAY+
_! E7S1 !Y >E AT _! BE/1 & AF LAY+ AT _!
WOR/4
  ,!Y CA/ _! %ELL 9 ! SPR+-"T 7J Z
S]P5TS %$ _! S-CALL$ ,8OLD-AGE0' OR
SL\<71 BO? DIRECTLY AF BIR? & 9 LAT]
LIFE2 ? IS TRUE BO? ( CRABS & CRAWFI%4
,&1 0! WAY1 ALL CRAWFI% >E L;G LIV$4

                  #AH
  ,MOLLUSCS1 AF PAIR+ & COPUL,N1 LAY A
:ITE SPAWN2 & ? SPAWN1 Z 9 ! CASE (!
TE/AC1N1 GETS GRANUL> 9 "T4 ,! OCTOPUS
4*>GES 96XS HOLE1 OR 96A POT%]D OR 96ANY
SIMIL> CAV;Y1 A /RUCTURE RESEMBL+ !
T5DRILS (A "Y V9E OR ! FRUIT (! :ITE
POPL>1 Z HAS BE5 PREVI\SLY OBS]V$4 ,!
E7S1 :5 ! FEMALE HAS LAID !M1 >E CLU/]$
R.D ! SIDES (! HOLE4 ,!Y >E S NUM]\S T1
IF !Y 2 REMOV$ !Y SU6ICE 6FILL A VESSEL
M* L>G] ?AN ! ANIMAL'S BODY 9 : !Y 7
3TA9$4 ,"S FIFTY "DS LAT]1 ! E7S BUR/ &!
LL POLYPUSES CREEP \1 L LL SPID]S1 9 GRT
NUMB]S2 ! "*I/IC =M ( _! LIMBS IS N YET
6BE 4C]N$ 9 DETAIL1 B _! G5]AL \TL9E IS
CLE> 5\<4 ,&1 0! WAY1 !Y >E S SMALL &
HELP.S T ! GRT] NUMB] P]I%2 X IS A FACT
T !Y H BE5 SE5 S EXTREMELY M9UTE Z 6BE
ABSOLUTELY )\T ORGANIZ,N1 B N"E!.S :5
T\*$ !Y MOV$4 ,! E7S (! SEPIA LOOK L BIG
BLACK MYRTLE-B]RIES1 & !Y >E L9K$ ALL
TGR L A BUN* ( GRAPES1 CLU/]$ R.D A
C5TRE1 & >E N EASILY S"U$ F "O ANO!R3 =!
MALE EXUDES OV] !M "S MOI/ GLAIRY /UFF1
: 3/ITUTES ! /ICKY GUM4 ,^! E7S 9CR1SE 9
SIZE2 & !Y >E :ITE AT ! \TSET1 B BLACK &
L>G] AF ! SPR9KL+ (! MALE SEM9AL FLUID4
  ,:5 X HAS -E 962+ ! "Y SEPIA IS F/
4T9CTLY =M$ 9SIDE \ (! :ITE SUB/.E1 & :5
! EGG BUR/S X -ES \4 ,! 9N] "P IS =M$ Z
SOON Z ! FEMALE LAYS ! EGG1 "S?+ L A
HAIL-/"O2 & \ ( ? SUB/.E ! "Y SEPIA GR[S
0A H1D-ATTA*;T1 J Z "Y BIRDS GR[ 0A
BELLY-ATTA*;T4 ,:AT IS ! EXACT NATURE (!
NAVEL-ATTA*;T HAS N YET BE5 OBS]V$1
EXCEPT T Z ! "Y SEPIA GR[S ! :ITE SUB/.E
GR[S LESS & LESS 9 SIZE1 & AT L5G?1 Z
HAPP5S )! YOLK 9 ! CASE ( BIRDS1 ! :ITE
SUB/.E 9 ! CASE (! "Y SEPIA 4APPE>S4 ,9
! CASE (! "Y SEPIA1 Z 9 ! CASE (! "Y (
MO/ ANIMALS1 ! EYES AT F/ SEEM V L>GE4
,6ILLU/RATE ? 0WAY (A FIGURE1 LET ,A
REPRES5T ! OVUM1 ;,B & ;,C ! EYES1 & ;,D
! SEPIDIUM1 OR BODY (! LL SEPIA4 7,SEE
DIAGRAM47
  ,! FEMALE SEPIA GOES PREGNANT 9 !
SPR+-"T1 & LAYS XS E7S AF FIFTE5 "DS (
GE/,N2 AF ! E7S >E LAID "! -ES 9 ANO!R
FIFTE5 "DS "S?+ L A BUN* ( GRAPES1 & AT
! BUR/+ ( ^! ! "Y SEPIAE ISSUE =?4 ,B
IF1 :5 ! "Y "OS >E FULLY =M$1 Y S"E !
\T] COV]+ A MO;T TOO SOON1 ! "Y CR1TURES
EJECT EXCRE;T1 & _! COL\R *ANGES F :ITE
6R$ 9 _! AL>M4
  ,CRU/AC1NS1 !N1 HAT* _! E7S 0BROOD+
OV] !M Z !Y C>RY !M AB 2N _! BODIES2 B !
OCTOPUS1 ! SEPIA1 &! L HAT* _! E7S )\T
/IRR+ F ! SPOT ": !Y MAY H LAID !M1 & ?
/ATE;T IS "PICUL>LY APPLICA# 6! SEPIA2 9
FACT1 ! NE/ (! FEMALE SEPIA IS (T5 SE5
EXPOS$ 6VIEW CLOSE 9 6%ORE4 ,! FEMALE
OCTOPUS AT "TS SITS BROOD+ OV] H] E7S1 &
AT O!R "TS SQUATS 9 FRONT ( H] HOLE1
/RET*+ \ H] T5TACLES ON GU>D4
  ,! SEPIA LAYS H] SPAWN NE> 6L& 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD ( SEA-WE$ OR RE$S OR ANY (F-
SWEEP+S S* Z BRU%WOOD1 TWIGS1 OR /"OS2 &
FI%]M5 PLACE H1PS ( FA7OTS "H & "! ON
PURPOSE1 & ON 6S* H1PS ! FEMALE DEPOSITS
A L;G 3T9U\S ROE 9 %APE L A V9E T5DRIL4
,X LAYS OR SPIRTS \ ! SPAWN ) AN EF=T1 Z
?\< "! 7 DI6ICULTY 9 ! PROCESS4 ,!
FEMALE CALAM>Y SPAWNS AT SEA2 & X EMITS
! SPAWN1 Z DOES ! SEPIA1 9 ! MASS4
  ,! CALAM>Y &! CUTTLE-FI% >E %ORT-LIV$1
Z1 ) FEW EXCEP;NS1 !Y N"E SEE ! YE> \2 &
! SAME /ATE;T IS APPLICA# 6! OCTOPUS4
  ,F "O S+LE EGG -ES "O S+LE SEPIA2 & ?
IS LIKEWISE TRUE (! "Y CALAM>Y4
  ,! MALE CALAM>Y DI6]S F ! FEMALE2 = IF
XS GILL-REGION 2 DILAT$ & EXAM9$ "! >E
F.D TWO R$ =M,NS RESEMBL+ BR1/S1 ) : !
MALE IS UNPROVID$4 ,9 ! SEPIA1 A"P F ?
4T9C;N 9 ! SEXES1 ! MALE1 Z HAS BE5
/AT$1 IS M MOTTL$ ?AN ! FEMALE4
                  #AI
  ,) REG>D 69SECTS1 T ! MALE IS LESS ?AN
! FEMALE & T HE M.TS ^U H] BACK1 & H[ HE
P]=MS ! ACT ( COPUL,N &! CIRCUM/.E T HE
GIVES OV] RELUCTANTLY1 ALL ? HAS ALR BE5
SET =?1 MO/ CASES ( 9SECT COPUL,N ?
PROCESS IS SPE$ILY FOLL[$ UP 0"PURI;N4
  ,ALL 9SECTS 5G5D] GRUBS1 )! EXCEP;N (A
SPECIES ( BUTT]FLY2 &! FEMALE ( ?
SPECIES LAYS A H>D EGG1 RESEMBL+ ! SE$ (
! CNECUS1 )A JUICE 9SIDE X4 ,B F ! GRUB1
! "Y ANIMAL DOES N GR[ \ (A M]E POR;N (
X1 Z A "Y ANIMAL GR[S F A POR;N ONLY (
AN EGG1 B ! GRUB 5TIRE GR[S &! ANIMAL
2COMES DI6]5TIAT$ \ ( X4
  ,&( 9SECTS "S >E DERIV$ F 9SECT 3G5]S1
Z ! V5OM-SPID] &! -MON-SPID] F ! V5OM-
SPID] &! -MON-SPID]1 & S )! ATTELABUS OR
LOCU/1 ! ACRIS OR GRASSHOPP]1 &! TETTIX
OR CICADA4 ,O!R 9SECTS >E N DERIV$ F
LIV+ P>5TAGE1 B >E G5]AT$ SPONTANE\SLY3
"S \ ( DEW FALL+ ON L1VES1 ORD9>ILY 9
SPR+-"T1 B N SELDOM 9 W9T] :5 "! HAS BE5
A /RET* ( FAIR W1!R & S\!RLY W9DS2 O!RS
GR[ 9 DECAY+ MUD OR DUNG2 O!RS 9 TIMB]1
GRE5 OR DRY2 "S 9 ! HAIR ( ANIMALS2 "S 9
! FLE% ( ANIMALS2 "S 9 EXCRE;TS3 & "S F
EXCRE;T AF X HAS BE5 VOID$1 & "S F
EXCRE;T YET )9 ! LIV+ ANIMAL1 L !
HELM9!S OR 9TE/9AL WORMS4 ,&( ^! 9TE/9AL
WORMS "! >E ?REE SPECIES3 "O "ND ! FLAT-
WORM1 ANO!R ! R.D WORM1 &! ?IRD !
ASC>ID4 ,^! 9TE/9AL WORMS D N 9 ANY CASE
PROPAGATE _! K9D4 ,! FLAT-WORM1 H["E1 9
AN EXCEP;NAL WAY1 CL+S FA/ 6! GUT1 &
LAYS A ?+ L A MELON-SE$1 0OBS]V+ :
9DIC,N ! PHYSICIAN 3CLUDES T 8 PATI5T IS
TR\#D )! WORM4
  ,! S-CALL$ PSY*E OR BUTT]FLY IS G5]AT$
F CAT]PILL>S : GR[ ON GRE5 L1VES1 *IEFLY
L1VES (! RAPHANUS1 : "S CALL CRAMBE OR
CA2AGE4 ,AT F/ X IS LESS ?AN A GRA9 (
MILLET2 X !N GR[S 96A SMALL GRUB2 & 9
?REE "DS X IS A T9Y CAT]PILL>4 ,AF ? X
GR[S ON & ON1 & 2COMES QUIESC5T & *ANGES
XS %APE1 & IS N[ CALL$ A *RYSALIS4 ,!
\T] %ELL IS H>D1 &! *RYSALIS MOVES IF Y
T\* X4 ,X ATTA*ES XF 0COBWEB-L FILA;TS1
& IS UNFURNI%$ ) M\? OR ANY O!R APP>5T
ORGAN4 ,AF A LL :ILE ! \T] COV]+ BUR/S
AS"U1 & \ FLIES ! W+$ CR1TURE T WE CALL
! PSY*E OR BUTT]FLY4 ,AT F/1 :5 X IS A
CAT]PILL>1 X FE$S & EJECTS EXCRE;T2 B :5
X TURNS 96! *RYSALIS X NEI FE$S NOR
EJECTS EXCRE;T4
  ,! SAME REM>KS >E APPLICA# 6ALL S*
9SECTS Z >E DEVELOP$ \ (! GRUB1 BO? S*
GRUBS Z >E DERIV$ F ! COPUL,N ( LIV+
ANIMALS & S* Z >E G5]AT$ )\T COPUL,N ON
! "P ( P>5TS4 ,=! GRUB (! BEE1 ! AN?R5A1
&! WASP1 :IL/ X IS "Y1 TAKES FOOD &
VOIDS EXCRE;T2 B :5 X HAS PASS$ F ! GRUB
%APE 6XS DEF9$ =M & 2COME :AT IS T]M$ A
,8NYMPHA0'1 X C1SES 6TAKE FOOD & 6VOID
EXCRE;T1 & REMA9S TI<TLY WRAPP$ UP &
MO;N.S UNTIL X HAS R1*$ XS FULL SIZE1 :5
X BR1KS ! =M,N ) : ! CELL IS CLOS$1 &
ISSUES =?4 ,! 9SECTS "ND ! HYP]A &! P5IA
>E DERIV$ F SIMIL> CAT]PILL>S1 : MOVE 9
AN UNDULATORY WAY1 PROGRESS+ ) "O "P &
!N PULL+ UP ! H9D] "PS 0A B5D (! BODY4
,! DEVELOP$ 9SECT 9 EA* CASE TAKES XS
PECULI> COL\R F ! P>5T CAT]PILL>4
  ,F "O "PICUL> L>GE GRUB1 : HAS Z X 7
HORNS1 & 9 O!R RESPECTS DI6]S F GRUBS 9
G5]AL1 "! -ES1 0A METAMORPHOSIS (! GRUB1
F/ A CAT]PILL>1 !N ! COCOON1 !N !
NECYDALUS2 &! CR1TURE PASSES "? ALL ^!
TRANS=M,NS )9 SIX MON?S4 ,A CLASS ( WOM5
UNW9D & REEL (F ! COCOONS ( ^! CR1TURES1
& AFWS W1VE A FABRIC )! ?R1DS ?US UNW.D2
A ,COAN WOMAN (! "N ( ,PAMPHILA1 DAU<T]
( ,PLATEUS1 2+ CR$IT$ )! F/ 9V5;N (!
FABRIC4 ,AF ! SAME FA%ION ! C>ABUS OR
/AG-BEETLE -ES F GRUBS T LIVE 9 DRY
WOOD3 AT F/ ! GRUB IS MO;N.S1 B AF A
:ILE ! %ELL BUR/S &! /AG-BEETLE ISSUES
=?4
  ,F ! CA2AGE IS 5G5D]$ ! CA2AGEWORM1 &
F ! LEEK ! PRASOCURIS OR LEEKBANE2 ?
CR1TURE IS AL W+$4 ,F ! FLAT ANIMALCULE
T SKIMS OV] ! SURFACE ( RIV]S -ES !
OE/RUS OR GADFLY2 & ? A3.TS =! FACT T
GADFLIES MO/ AB.D 9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD (
WAT]S ON ^: SURFACE ^! ANIMALCULES >E
OBS]V$4 ,F A C]TA9 SMALL1 BLACK & HAIRY
CAT]PILL> -ES F/ A W+.S GL[-WORM2 & ?
CR1TURE AG SU6]S A METAMORPHOSIS1 &
TRANS=MS 96A W+$ 9SECT "ND ! BO/RY*US
7OR HAIR-CURL74
  ,GNATS GR[ F ASC>IDS2 & ASC>IDS >E
5G5D]$ 9 ! SLIME ( WELLS1 OR 9 PLACES ":
"! IS A DEPOSIT LEFT 0! DRA9+ (F ( WAT]4
,? SLIME DECAYS1 & F/ TURNS :ITE1 !N
BLACK1 & F9,Y BLOOD-R$2 & AT ? /AGE "!
ORIG9ATE 9 X1 Z X W]E1 LL T9Y BITS ( R$
WE$1 : AT F/ WRI7LE AB ALL CL++ TGR1 &
F9,Y BR1K LOOSE & SWIM 9 ! WAT]1 & >E
"H^U "KN Z ASC>IDS4 ,AF A FEW "DS !Y /&
/RAI<T UP ON ! WAT] MO;N.S & H>D1 & 0&
0! HUSK BR1KS (F &! GNATS >E SE5 SITT+
^U X1 UNTIL ! SUN'S H1T OR A PUFF ( W9D
SETS !M 9 MO;N1 :5 !Y FLY AWAY4
  ,) ALL GRUBS & ALL ANIMALS T BR1K \ F
! GRUB /ATE1 G5],N IS DUE PRIM>ILY 6!
H1T (! SUN OR 6W9D4
  ,ASC>IDS >E M LIKELY 6BE F.D1 & GR[ )
UNUSUAL RAPID;Y1 9 PLACES ": "! IS A
DEPOSIT (A MIX$ & HET]OG5E\S K9D1 Z 9
KIT*5S & 9 PL\<$ FIELDS1 =! 3T5TS ( S*
PLACES >E 4POS$ 6RAPID PUTREFAC;N4 ,9
AUTUMN1 AL1 [+ 6! DRY+ UP ( MOI/URE1 !Y
GR[ 9 UNUSUAL NUMB]S4
  ,! TICK IS G5]AT$ F C\*-GRASS4 ,!
COCK*AF] -ES F A GRUB T IS G5]AT$ 9 !
DUNG (! C[ OR ! ASS4 ,! CAN?>US OR
SC>ABEUS ROLLS A PIECE ( DUNG 96A BALL1
LIES HI45 )9 X DUR+ ! W9T]1 & GIVES BIR?
"!9 6SMALL GRUBS1 F : GRUBS -E NEW
CAN?>I4 ,C]TA9 W+$ 9SECTS AL -E F !
GRUBS T >E F.D 9 PULSE1 9 ! SAME FA%ION
Z 9 ! CASES DESCRIB$4
  ,FLIES GR[ F GRUBS 9 ! DUNG T F>M]S H
GA!R$ UP 96H1PS3 = ^? :O >E 5GAG$ 9 ? "W
ASSIDU\SLY GA!R UP ! -PO/1 & ? !Y
TE*NIC,Y T]M ,8"W+-UP0' ! MANURE4 ,!
GRUB IS EXCE$+LY M9UTE 62G9 )2 F/ EV5 AT
? /AGE-X ASSUMES A R$DI% COL\R1 & !N F A
QUIESC5T /ATE X TAKES ON ! P[] ( MO;N1 Z
?\< BORN 6X2 X !N 2COMES A SMALL MO;N.S
GRUB2 X !N MOVES AG1 & AG RELAPSES
96IMMOBIL;Y2 X !N -ES \ A P]FECT FLY1 &
MOVES AWAY "U ! 9FLU;E (! SUN'S H1T OR (
A PUFF ( AIR4 ,! MYOPS OR HORSE-FLY IS
5G5D]$ 9 TIMB]4 ,! ORSODACNA OR BUDBANE
IS A TRANS=M$ GRUB2 & ? GRUB IS 5G5D]$ 9
CA2AGE-/ALKS4 ,! CAN?>IS -ES F !
CAT]PILL>S T >E F.D ON FIG-TREES OR PE>-
TREES OR FIR-TREES--= ON ALL ^! GRUBS >E
5G5D]$-& AL F CAT]PILL>S F.D ON ! DOG-
ROSE2 &! CAN?>IS TAKES EAG]LY 6ILL-SC5T$
SUB/.ES1 F ! FACT ( XS HAV+ BE5 5G5D]$ 9
ILL-SC5T$ WOODS4 ,! CONOPS -ES F A GRUB
T IS 5G5D]$ 9 ! SLIME ( V9EG>4
  ,&1 0! WAY1 LIV+ ANIMALS >E F.D 9
SUB/.ES T >E USU,Y SUPPOS$ 6BE 9CAPA# (
PUTREFAC;N2 = 9/.E1 WORMS >E F.D 9 L;G-
LY+ SN[2 & SN[ ( ? DESCRIP;N GETS R$DI%
9 COL\R1 &! GRUB T IS 5G5D]$ 9 X IS R$1
Z MI<T H BE5 EXPECT$1 & X IS AL HAIRY4
,! GRUBS F.D 9 ! SN[S ( ,M$IA >E L>GE &
:ITE2 & ALL S* GRUBS >E LL 4POS$ 6MO;N4
,9 ,CYPRUS1 9 PLACES ": COPP]-ORE IS
SMELT$1 ) H1PS (! ORE PIL$ ON "D AF "D1
AN ANIMAL IS 5G5D]$ 9 ! FIRE1 "S:AT L>G]
?AN A BLUE BOTTLE FLY1 FURNI%$ ) W+S1 :
C HOP OR CRAWL "? ! FIRE4 ,&! GRUBS & ^!
LATT] ANIMALS P]I% :5 Y KEEP ! "O AWAY F
! FIRE &! O!R F ! SN[4 ,N[ ! SALAM&] IS
A CLE> CASE 9 PO9T1 6%[ U T ANIMALS D
ACTU,Y EXI/ T FIRE _C DE/ROY2 = ?
CR1TURE1 S ! /ORY GOES1 N ONLY WALKS "?
! FIRE B PUTS X \ 9 DO+ S4
  ,ON ! RIV] ,HYPANIS 9 ! ,CIMM]IAN
,BOSPHORUS1 AB ! "T (! SUMM] SOL/ICE1 "!
>E BR"\ D[N T[>DS ! SEA 0! /R1M :AT LOOK
L LL SACKS R BI7] ?AN GRAPES1 \ ( : AT
_! BUR/+ ISSUES A W+$ QUADRUP$4 ,! 9SECT
LIVES & FLIES AB UNTIL ! EV5+1 B Z ! SUN
GOES D[N X P9ES AWAY1 & DIES AT SUNSET
HAV+ LIV$ J "O "D1 F : CIRCUM/.E X IS
CALL$ ! EPHEM]ON4
  ,Z A RULE1 9SECTS T -E F CAT]PILL>S &
GRUBS >E HELD AT F/ 0FILA;TS RESEMBL+ !
?R1DS (A SPID]'S WEB4
  ,S* IS ! MODE ( G5],N (! 9SECTS ABV
ENUM]AT$4 B IF ! LATT] IMPREGN,N TAKES
PLAC$UR+ ! *ANGE (! YELL[
                  #BJ
  ,! WASPS T >E NICK"ND ,8! I*NEUMONS0'
7OR HUNT]S71 LESS 9 SIZE1 0! WAY1 ?AN !
ORD9>Y WASP1 KILL SPID]S & C>RY (F ! D1D
BODIES 6A WALL OR "S S* PLACE )A HOLE 9
X2 ? HOLE !Y SME> OV] ) MUD & LAY _!
GRUBS 9SIDE X1 & F ! GRUBS -E ! HUNT]-
WASPS4 ,"S (! COLEOPT]A &(! SMALL & "N.S
9SECTS MAKE SMALL HOLES OR CELLS ( MUD
ON A WALL OR ON A GRAVE-/"O1 & "!
DEPOSIT _! GRUBS4
  ,) 9SECTS1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 ! "T (
G5],N F XS -M;E;T 6XS -PLE;N -PRISES
?REE OR F\R WEEKS4 ,) GRUBS & GRUB-L
CR1TURES ! "T IS USU,Y ?REE WEEKS1 & 9 !
OVIP>\S 9SECTS Z A RULE F\R4 ,B1 9 !
CASE ( OVIP>\S 9SECTS1 ! EGG-=M,N -ES AT
! CLOSE ( SEV5 "DS F COPUL,N1 & DUR+ !
REMA9+ ?REE WEEKS ! P>5T BROODS OV] &
HAT*ES XS "Y2 I4E4 ": ? IS ! RESULT (
COPUL,N1 Z 9 ! CASE (! SPID] & XS 3G5]S4
,Z A RULE1 ! TRANS=M,NS TAKE PLACE 9
9T]VALS ( ?REE OR F\R "DS1 CORRESPOND+
6! L5G?S ( 9T]VAL AT : ! CRISES RECUR 9
9T]MITT5T FEV]S4
  ,S M* =! G5],N ( 9SECTS4 ,_! D1? IS
DUE 6! %RIVELL+ ( _! ORGANS1 J Z ! L>G]
ANIMALS DIE ( OLD AGE4
  ,W+$ 9SECTS DIE 9 AUTUMN F ! %R9K+ (
_! W+S4 ,! MYOPS DIES F DROPSY 9 ! EYES4
                  #BA
  ,) REG>D 6! G5],N ( BEES DI6]5T
HYPO!SES >E 9 VOGUE4 ,"S A6IRM T BEES
NEI COPULATE NOR GIVE BIR? 6"Y1 B T !Y
FET* _! "Y4 ,& "S SAY T !Y FET* _! "Y F
! FL[] (! C,YNTRUM2 O!RS ASS]T T !Y BR+
!M F ! FL[] (! RE$1 O!RS1 F ! FL[] (!
OLIVE4 ,& 9 RESPECT 6! OLIVE !ORY1 X IS
/AT$ Z A PRO( T1 :5 ! OLIVE H>VE/ IS MO/
ABUNDANT1 ! SW>MS >E MO/ NUM]\S4 ,O!RS
DCL T !Y FET* ! BROOD (! DR"OS F S* ?+S
Z ABV M5;N$1 B T ! "W+ BEES >E 5G5D]$ 0!
RUL]S (! HIVE4
  ,N[ ( ^! RUL]S "! >E TWO K9DS3 ! BETT]
K9D IS R$ 9 COL\R1 ! 9F]IOR K9D IS BLACK
& V>IEGAT$2 ! RUL] IS D\# ! SIZE (! "W+
BEE4 ,^! RUL]S H ! ABDOM5 OR "P 2L !
WAI/ HALF Z L>GE AG1 & !Y >E CALL$ 0"S !
,8"MS0'1 F AN IDEA T !Y BE> OR G5]ATE !
BEES2 &1 Z A PRO( ( ? !ORY ( _! "MHOOD1
!Y DCL T ! BROOD (! DR"OS APPE>S EV5 :5
"! IS NO RUL]-BEE 9 ! HIVE1 B T ! BEES D
N APPE> 9 8 ABS;E4 ,O!RS1 AG1 ASS]T T ^!
9SECTS COPULATE1 & T ! DR"OS >E MALE &!
BEES FEMALE4
  ,! ORD9>Y BEE IS G5]AT$ 9 ! CELLS (!
-B1 B ! RUL]-BEES 9 CELLS D[N 2L ATTA*$
6! -B1 SUSP5D$ F X1 A"P F ! RE/1 SIX OR
SEV5 9 NUMB]1 & GR[+ 9 A WAY Q DI6]5T F
! MODE ( GR[? (! ORD9>Y BROOD4
  ,BEES >E PROVID$ )A /+1 B ! DR"OS >E N
S PROVID$4 ,! RUL]S >E PROVID$ ) /+S1 B
!Y N"E USE !M2 & ? LATT] CIRCUM/.E W
A3.T =! 2LIEF ( "S P T !Y H NO /+S AT
ALL4

                  #BB
  ,( BEES "! >E V>I\S SPECIES4 ,! BE/
K9D IS A LL R.D MOTTL$ 9SECT2 ANO!R IS
L;G1 & RESEM#S ! AN?R5A2 A ?IRD IS A
BLACK & FLAT-BELLI$1 & IS NICK-"ND !
,8RO2]0'2 A F\R? K9D IS ! DR"O1 ! L>GE/
( ALL1 B /+.S & 9ACTIVE4 ,& ?
PROPOR;NATE SIZE (! DR"O EXPLA9S :Y "S
BEE-MA/]S PLACE A NET-"W 9 FRONT (!
HIVES2 =! NET"W IS PUT 6KEEP ! BIG DR"OS
\ :ILE X LETS ! LL BEES G IN4
  ,(! K+ BEES "! >E1 Z HAS BE5 /AT$1 TWO
K9DS4 ,9 E HIVE "! >E M K+S ?AN "O2 &A
HIVE GOES 6RU9 IF "! 2 TOO FEW K+S1 N 2C
( AN>*Y "!BY 5SU+1 B1 Z WE >E TOLD1 2C
^! CR1TURES 3TRIBUTE 9 "S WAY 6! G5],N (
! -MON BEES4 ,A HIVE W G AL 6RU9 IF "! 2
TOO L>GE A NUMB] ( K+S 9 X2 =! MEMB]S (!
HIVES >E "!BY SUBDIVID$ 96TOO _M SEP>ATE
FAC;NS4
  ,:5"E ! SPR+-"T IS LATE A-COM+1 & :5
"! IS DR"\ & MILDEW1 !N ! PROG5Y (! HIVE
IS SMALL 9 NUMB]4 ,B :5 ! W1!R IS DRY !Y
ATT5D 6! H"OY1 & 9 RA9Y W1!R _! ATT5;N
IS 3C5TRAT$ ON ! BROOD2 & ? W A3.T =!
CO9CID;E ( RI* OLIVE-H>VE/S & ABUNDANT
SW>MS4
  ,! BEES F/ "W AT ! H"OYCOMB1 & !N PUT
! PUPAE 9 X3 0! M\?1 SAY ^? :O HOLD !
!ORY ( _! BR++ !M F ELSE":4 ,AF PUTT+ 9
! PUPAE !Y PUT 9 ! H"OY = SUBSI/;E1 & ?
!Y D 9 ! SUMM] & AUTUMN2 &1 0! WAY1 !
AUTUMN H"OY IS ! BETT] (! TWO4
  ,! H"OYCOMB IS MADE F FL[]S1 &!
MAT]IALS =! WAX !Y GA!R F ! RES9\S GUM (
TREES1 :ILE H"OY IS 4TILL$ F DEW1 & IS
DEPOSIT$ *IEFLY AT ! RIS+S (! 3/ELL,NS
OR :5 A RA9B[ IS 9 ! SKY3 & Z A G5]AL
RULE "! IS NO H"OY 2F ! RIS+ (!
,PLEIADS4 7,! BEE1 !N1 MAKES ! WAX F
FL[]S4 ,! H"OY1 H["E1 X DOES N MAKE1 B
M]ELY GA!RS :AT IS DEPOSIT$ \ (!
ATMOSPH]E2 & Z A PRO( ( ? /ATE;T WE H !
"KN FACT T O3A.N,Y BEE-KEEP]S F9D !
HIVES FILL$ ) H"OY )9 ! SPACE ( TWO OR
?REE "DS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9 AUTUMN FL[]S >E
F.D1 B H"OY1 IF X 2 )DRAWN1 IS N
REPLAC$2 N[1 AF ! )DRAWAL (! ORIG9AL
H"OY1 :5 NO FOOD OR V LL IS 9 ! HIVES1
"! WD 2 A FRE% /OCK ( H"OY1 IF ! BEES
MADE X F FL[]S47 ,H"OY1 IF ALL[$ 6RIP5 &
MATURE1 GA!RS 3SI/5CY2 = AT F/ X IS L
WAT] & REMA9S LIQUID = S"EAL "DS4 ,IF X
2 DRAWN (F DUR+ ^! "DS X HAS NO 3SI/5CY2
B X ATTA9S 3SI/5CY 9 AB TW5TY "DS4 ,!
TA/E ( ?YME-H"OY IS 4C]NI# AT ONCE1 F XS
PECULI> SWEET;S & 3SI/5CY4
  ,! BEE GA!RS F E FL[] T IS FURNI%$ )A
CALYX OR CUP1 & F ALL O!R FL[]S T >E
SWEET-TA/$1 )\T DO+ 9JURY 6ANY FRUIT2 &!
JUICES (! FL[]S X TAKES UP )! ORGAN T
RESEM#S A T;GUE & C>RIES (F 6! HIVE4
  ,SW>MS >E RO2$ ( _! H"OY ON ! APPE>.E
(! WILD FIG4 ,!Y PRODUCE ! BE/ L>VAE AT
! "T ! H"OY IS A-MAK+4 ,! BEE C>RIES WAX
& BEES' BR1D R.D XS LEGS1 B VOMITS !
H"OY 96! CELL4 ,AF DEPOSIT+ XS "Y1 X
BROODS OV] X L A BIRD4 ,! GRUB :5 X IS
SMALL LIES SLANTWISE 9 ! -B1 B 0& 0RISES
UP /RAI<T 0AN EF=T ( XS [N & TAKES FOOD1
& HOLDS ON S TI<TLY 6! H"OYCOMB Z ACTU,Y
6CL+ 6X4
  ,! "Y ( BEES &( DR"OS IS :ITE1 & F !
"Y -E ! GRUBS2 &! GRUBS GR[ 96BEES &
DR"OS4 ,! EGG (! K+ BEE IS R$DI% 9
COL\R1 & XS SUB/.E IS AB Z 3SI/5T Z ?ICK
H"OY2 & F ! F/ X IS AB Z BIG Z ! BEE T
IS PRODUC$ F X4 ,F ! "Y (! K+ BEE "! IS
NO 9T]M$IATE /AGE1 X IS SD1 (! GRUB1 B !
BEE -ES AT ONCE4
  ,:5"E ! BEE LAYS AN EGG 9 ! -B "! IS
ALW A DROP ( H"OY SET AG/ X4 ,! L>VA (!
BEE GETS FEET & W+S Z SOON Z ! CELL HAS
BE5 /OPP$ UP ) WAX1 & :5 X >RIVES AT XS
-PLET$ =M X BR1KS XS MEMBRANE & FLIES
AWAY4 ,X EJECTS EXCRE;T 9 ! GRUB /ATE1 B
N AFWS2 T IS1 N UNTIL X HAS GOT \ (!
5CAS+ MEMBRANE1 Z WE H ALR DESCRIB$4 ,IF
Y REMOVE ! H1DS F (F ! L>VAE 2F ! -+ (!
W+S1 ! BEES W EAT !M UP2 & IF Y NIP (F !
W+S F A DR"O & LET X G1 ! BEES W
SPONTANE\SLY BITE (F ! W+S F (F ALL !
REMA9+ DR"OS4
  ,! BEE LIVES = SIX YE>S Z A RULE1 Z AN
EXCEP;N = SEV5 YE>S4 ,IF A SW>M LA/S =
N9E YE>S1 OR T51 GRT CR$IT IS 3SID]$ DUE
6XS MANAGE;T4
  ,9 ,PONTUS >E F.D BEES EXCE$+LY :ITE 9
COL\R1 & ^! BEES PRODUCE _! H"OY TWICE A
MON?4 7,! BEES 9 ,!MISCYRA1 ON ! BANKS (
! RIV] ,!RMODON1 BUILD H"OYCOMBS 9 !
GR.D & 9 HIVES1 & ^! H"OYCOMBS >E
FURNI%$ ) V LL WAX B ) H"OY ( GRT
3SI/5CY2 &! H"OYCOMB1 0! WAY1 IS SMOO? &
LEVEL47 ,B ? IS N ALW ! CASE ) ^! BEES1
B ONLY 9 ! W9T] S1SON2 = 9 ,PONTUS ! IVY
IS ABUNDANT1 & X FL[]S AT ? "T (! YE>1 &
X IS F ! IVY-FL[] T !Y DERIVE _! H"OY4
,A :ITE & V 3SI/5T H"OY IS BR"\ D[N F !
UPP] C.TRY 6,AMISUS1 : IS DEPOSIT$ 0BEES
ON TREES )\T ! EMPLOY;T ( H"OYCOMBS3 & ?
K9D ( H"OY IS PRODUC$ 9 O!R 4TRICTS 9
,PONTUS4
  ,"! >E BEES AL T 3/RUCT TRIPLE
H"OYCOMBS 9 ! GR.D2 & ^! H"OYCOMBS
SUPPLY H"OY B N"E 3TA9 GRUBS4 ,B !
H"OYCOMBS 9 ^! PLACES >E N ALL ( ? SORT1
NOR D ALL ! BEES 3/RUCT !M4
                  #BC
  ,AN?R5AE & WASPS 3/RUCT -BS = _! "Y4
,:5 !Y H NO K+1 B >E W&]+ AB 9 SE>* (
"O1 ! AN?R5E 3/RUCTS XS -B ON "S HI<
PLACE1 &! WASP 9SIDE A HOLE4 ,:5 !
AN?R5E &! WASP H A K+1 !Y 3/RUCT _! -BS
"UGR.D4 ,_! -BS >E 9 ALL CASES HEXAGONAL
L ! -B (! BEE4 ,!Y >E -POS$1 H["E1 N (
WAX1 B (A B>K-L FILA;T$ FIBRE1 &! -B (!
AN?R5E IS M* N1T] ?AN ! -B (! WASP4 ,L !
BEE1 !Y PUT _! "Y J L A DROP ( LIQUID ON
6! SIDE (! CELL1 &! EGG CL+S 6! WALL (!
CELL4 ,B ! E7S >E N DEPOSIT$ 9 ! CELLS
SIMULTANE\SLY2 ON ! 3TR>Y1 9 "S CELLS >E
CR1TURES BIG 5 6FLY1 9 O!RS >E NYMPHAE1
& 9 O!RS >E M]E GRUBS4 ,Z 9 ! CASE (
BEES1 EXCRE;T IS OBS]V$ ONLY 9 ! CELLS
": ! GRUBS >E F.D4 ,Z L;G Z ! CR1TURES
>E 9 ! NYMPH 3DI;N !Y >E MO;N.S1 &! CELL
IS CE;T$ OV]4 ,9 ! -B (! AN?R5E "! IS
F.D 9 ! CELL (! "Y A DROP ( H"OY 9 FRONT
( X4 ,! L>VAE (! AN?R5E &! WASP MAKE _!
APPE>.E N 9 ! SPR+ B 9 ! AUTUMN2 & _!
GR[? IS ESPECI,Y 4C]NI# 9 "TS ( FULL
MOON4 ,&1 0! WAY1 ! E7S &! GRUBS N"E RE/
AT ! BOTTOM (! CELLS1 B ALW CL+ ON 6!
SIDE WALL4

                  #BD
  ,"! IS A K9D ( HUM#-BEE T BUILDS A
C"O-%AP$ NE/ ( CLAY AG/ A /"O OR 9 "S
SIMIL> SITU,N1 2SME>+ ! CLAY ) "S?+ L
SPITTLE4 ,& ? NE/ OR HIVE IS EXCE$+LY
?ICK & H>D2 9 PO9T ( FACT1 "O C H>DLY
BR1K X OP5 )A SPIKE4 ,"H ! 9SECTS LAY _!
E7S1 & :ITE GRUBS >E PRODUC$ WRAPP$ 9 A
BLACK MEMBRANE4 ,A"P F ! MEMBRANE "! IS
F.D "S WAX 9 ! H"OYCOMB2 & ? A WAX IS M*
SALL[] 9 HUE ?AN ! WAX 9 ! H"OYCOMB (!
BEE4
                  #BE
  ,ANTS COPULATE & 5G5D] GRUBS2 & ^!
GRUBS ATTA* !MVS 6NO?+ 9 "PICUL>1 B GR[
ON & ON F SMALL & R.D$ %APES UNTIL !Y
2COME EL;GAT$ & DEF9$ 9 %APE3 & !Y >E
5G5D]$ 9 SPR+-"T4

                  #BF
  ,! L&-SCORPION AL LAYS A NUMB] ( EGG
%AP$ GRUBS1 & BROODS OV] !M4 ,:5 ! HAT*+
IS -PLET$1 ! P>5T ANIMAL1 Z HAPP5S )!
P>5T SPID]1 IS EJECT$ & PUT 6D1? 0! "Y
"OS2 = V (T5 ! "Y "OS >E AB ELEV5 9
NUMB]4
                  #BG
  ,SPID]S 9 ALL CASES COPULATE 9 ! WAY
ABV M5;N$1 & G5]ATE AT F/ SMALL GRUBS4
,& ^! GRUBS METAMORPHOSE 9 _! 5TIRETY1 &
N "PI,Y1 96SPID]S2 =1 0! WAY1 ! GRUBS >E
R.D-%AP$ AT ! \TSET4 ,&! SPID]1 :5 X
LAYS XS E7S1 BROODS OV] !M1 & 9 ?REE "DS
! E7S OR GRUBS TAKE DEF9ITE %APE4
  ,ALL SPID]S LAY _! E7S 9 A WEB2 B "S
SPID]S LAY 9 A SMALL & F9E WEB1 & O!RS 9
A ?ICK "O2 & "S1 Z A RULE1 LAY 9 A R.D-
%AP$ CASE OR CAPSULE1 & "S >E ONLY "PI,Y
5VELOP$ 9 ! WEB4 ,! "Y GRUBS >E N ALL
DEVELOP$ AT "O &! SAME "T 96"Y SPID]S2 B
! MO;T ! DEVELOP;T TAKES PLACE1 ! "Y
SPID] MAKES A L1P & 2G9S 6SP9 8 WEB4 ,!
JUICE (! GRUB1 IF Y SQUEEZE X1 IS ! SAME
Z ! JUICE F.D 9 ! SPID] :5 "Y2 T IS
6SAY1 X IS ?ICK & :ITE4
  ,! M1D[ SPID] LAYS XS E7S 96A WEB1 "O
HALF ( : IS ATTA*$ 6XF &! O!R HALF IS
FREE2 & ON ? ! P>5T BROODS UNTIL ! E7S
>E HAT*$4 ,! PHALANGIA LAY _! E7S 9 A
SORT ( /R;G BASKET : !Y H WOV51 & BROOD
OV] X UNTIL ! E7S >E HAT*$4 ,! SMOO?
SPID] IS M* LESS PROLIFIC ?AN !
PHALANGIUM OR HAIRY SPID]4 ,^!
PHALANGIA1 :5 !Y GR[ 6FULL SIZE1 V (T5
5VELOP ! "M PHALANGIUM & EJECT & KILL
H]2 & N SELDOM !Y KILL ! "F-PHALANGIUM Z
WELL1 IF !Y CAT* HM3 =1 0! WAY1 HE HAS !
HABIT ( CO-OP]AT+ )! "M 9 ! HAT*+4 ,!
BROOD (A S+LE PHALANGIUM IS "S"TS ?REE
HUNDR$ 9 NUMB]4 ,! SPID] ATTA9S XS FULL
GR[? 9 AB F\R WEEKS4
                  #BH
  ,GRASSHOPP]S 7OR LOCU/S7 COPULATE 9 !
SAME WAY Z O!R 9SECTS2 T IS 6SAY1 )!
LESS] COV]+ ! L>G]1 =! MALE IS SMALL]
?AN ! FEMALE4 ,! FEMALES F/ 9S]T ! HOLL[
TUBE1 : !Y H AT _! TAILS1 9 ! GR.D1 & !N
LAY _! E7S3 &! MALE1 0! WAY1 IS N
FURNI%$ ) ? TUBE4 ,! FEMALES LAY _! E7S
ALL 9 A LUMP TGR1 & 9 "O SPOT1 S T !
5TIRE LUMP ( E7S RESEM#S A H"OYCOMB4 ,AF
!Y H LAID _! E7S1 ! E7S ASSUME ! %APE (
OVAL GRUBS T >E 5VELOP$ 0A SORT ( ?9
CLAY1 L A MEMBRANE2 9 ? MEMBRANE-L =M,N
!Y GR[ ON 6MATUR;Y4 ,! L>VA IS S S(T T X
COLLAPSES AT A T\*4 ,! L>VA IS N PLAC$
ON ! SURFACE (! GR.D1 B A LL 2N !
SURFACE2 &1 :5 X R1*ES MATUR;Y1 X -ES \
( XS CLAYEY 9VE/ITURE 9 ! %APE (A LL
BLACK GRASSHOPP]2 0& BY1 ! SK9 9TEGU;T
/RIPS (F1 & X GR[S L>G] & L>G]4
  ,! GRASSHOPP] LAYS XS E7S AT ! CLOSE (
SUMM]1 & DIES AF LAY+ !M4 ,! FACT IS T1
AT ! "T ( LAY+ ! E7S1 GRUBS >E 5G5D]$ 9
! REGION (! "M GRASSHOPP]'S NECK2 &!
MALE GRASSHOPP]S DIE AB ! SAME "T4 ,9
SPR+-"T !Y -E \ (! GR.D2 &1 0! WAY1 NO
GRASSHOPP]S >E F.D 9 M.TA9\S L& OR 9
POOR L&1 B ONLY 9 FLAT & LOAMY L&1 =!
FACT IS !Y LAY _! E7S 9 CRACKS (! SOIL4
,DUR+ ! W9T] _! E7S REMA9 9 ! GR.D2 &)!
-+ ( SUMM] ! LA/ YE>'S L>VA DEVELOPS 96!
P]FECT GRASSHOPP]4
                  #BI
  ,! ATTELABI OR LOCU/S LAY _! E7S & DIE
9 L MANN] AF LAY+ !M4 ,_! E7S >E SUBJECT
6DE/RUC;N 0! AUTUMN RA9S1 :5 ! RA9S >E
UNUSU,Y H1VY2 B 9 S1SONS ( DR"\ ! LOCU/S
>E EXCE$+LY NUM]\S1 F ! ABS;E ( ANY
DE/RUCTIVE CAUSE1 S9CE _! DE/RUC;N SEEMS
!N 6BE A MATT] ( A3ID5T & 6DEP5D ON
LUCK4
                  #CJ
  ,(! CICADA "! >E TWO K9DS2 "O1 SMALL 9
SIZE1 ! F/ 6-E &! LA/ 64APPE>2 ! O!R1
L>GE1 ! S++ "O T -ES LA/ & F/ 4APPE>S4
,BO? 9 ! SMALL &! L>GE SPECIES "S >E
DIVID$ AT ! WAI/1 6WIT1 ! S++ "OS1 & "S
>E UNDIVID$2 & ^! LATT] H NO S;G4 ,!
L>GE & S++ CICADA IS 0"S DESIGNAT$ !
,8*IRP]0'1 &! SMALL CICADA !
,8TETTIGONIUM0' OR CICADELLE4 ,&1 0!
WAY1 S* (! TETTIGONIA Z >E DIVID$ AT !
WAI/ C S+ J A LL4
  ,! CICADA IS N F.D ": "! >E NO TREES2
& ? A3.TS =! FACT T 9 ! 4TRICT SURR.D+ !
C;Y ( ,CYR5E X IS N F.D AT ALL 9 ! PLA9
C.TRY1 B IS F.D 9 GRT NUMB]S 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD (! C;Y1 & ESPECI,Y ": OLIVE-
TREES >E GR[+3 = AN OLIVE GROVE IS N
?ICKLY %AD$4 ,&! CICADA IS N F.D 9 COLD
PLACES1 & 3SEQU5TLY IS N F.D 9 ANY GROVE
T KEEPS \ ! SUNLI<T4
  ,! L>GE &! SMALL CICADA COPULATE
ALIKE1 BELLY 6BELLY4 ,! MALE 4*>GES SP]M
96! FEMALE1 Z IS ! CASE ) 9SECTS 9
G5]AL1 &! FEMALE CICADA HAS A CLEFT
G5]ATIVE ORGAN2 & X IS ! FEMALE 96: !
MALE 4*>GES ! SP]M4
  ,!Y LAY _! E7S 9 FALL[ L&S1 BOR+ A
HOLE )! PO9T$ ORGAN !Y C>RY 9 ! RE>1 Z D
! LOCU/S LIKEWISE2 =! LOCU/ LAYS XS E7S
9 UNTILL$ L&S1 & ? FACT MAY A3.T = _!
NUMB]S 9 ! T]RITORY ADJAC5T 6! C;Y (
,CYR5E4 ,! CICADAE AL LAY _! E7S 9 !
CANES ON : HUSB&M5 PROP V9ES1 P]=AT+ !
CANES2 & AL 9 ! /ALKS (! SQUILL4 ,?
BROOD RUNS 96! GR.D4 ,& !Y >E MO/ NUM]\S
9 RA9Y W1!R4 ,! GRUB1 ON ATTA9+ FULL
SIZE 9 ! GR.D1 2COMES A TETTIGOMETRA 7OR
NYMPH71 &! CR1TURE IS SWEETE/ 6! TA/E AT
? /AGE 2F ! HUSK IS BROK54 ,:5 ! SUMM]
SOL/ICE -ES1 ! CR1TURE ISSUES F ! HUSK
AT NI<T-"T1 & 9 A MO;T1 Z ! HUSK BR1KS1
! L>VA 2COMES ! P]FECT CICADA4 CR1TURE1
AL1 AT ONCE TURNS BLACK 9 COL\R & H>D] &
L>G]1 & TAKES 6S++4 ,9 BO? SPECIES1 !
L>G] &! SMALL]1 X IS ! MALE T S+S1 &!
FEMALE T IS UNVOCAL4 ,AT F/1 ! MALES >E
! SWEET] EAT+2 B1 AF COPUL,N1 ! FEMALES1
Z !Y >E FULL !N ( :ITE E7S4
  ,IF Y MAKE A SU45 NOISE Z !Y >E FLY+
OV]H1D !Y LET DROP "S?+ L WAT]4 ,C.TRY
P1 9 REG>D 6?1 SAY T !Y >E VOID+ UR9E1
IE4 T !Y H AN EXCRE;T1 & T !Y FE$ ^U
DEW4
  ,IF Y PRES5T YR F+] 6A CICADA & B5D
BACK ! TIP ( X & !N EXT5D X AG1 X W
5DURE ! PRES5T,N M QUIETLY ?AN IF Y 7
6KEEP YR F+] \T/RET*$ ALT2 & X W SET
6CLIMB+ YR F+]3 =! CR1TURE IS S W1K-
SI<T$ T X W TAKE 6CLIMB+ YR F+] Z ?\< T
7 A MOV+ L1F4
                  #CA
  ,( 9SECTS T >E N C>NIVOR\S B T LIVE ON
! JUICES ( LIV+ FLE%1 S* Z LICE & FL1S &
BUGS1 ALL1 )\T EXCEP;N1 G5]ATE :AT >E
CALL$ ,8NITS0'1 & ^! NITS G5]ATE NO?+4
  ,( ^! 9SECTS ! FLEA IS G5]AT$ \ (!
SLI<TE/ AM.T ( PUTREFY+ MATT]2 = :]"E "!
IS ANY DRY EXCRE;T1 A FLEA IS SURE 6BE
F.D4 ,BUGS >E G5]AT$ F ! MOI/URE ( LIV+
ANIMALS1 Z X DRIES UP \TSIDE _! BODIES4
,LICE >E G5]AT$ \ (! FLE% ( ANIMALS4
  ,:5 LICE >E -+ "! IS A K9D ( SMALL
ERUP;N VISI#1 UNA3OMPANI$ 0ANY 4*>GE (
PURUL5T MATT]2 &1 IF Y PRICK AN ANIMAL
:5 9 ? 3DI;N AT ! SPOT ( ERUP;N1 ! LICE
JUMP \4 ,9 "S M5 ! APPE>.E ( LICE IS A
41SE1 9 CASES ": ! BODY IS SUR*>G$ )
MOI/URE2 &1 9DE$1 M5 H BE5 "KN 6SU3UMB
6? L\SE-41SE1 Z ,ALCMAN ! POET &!
,SYRIAN ,PH]ECYDES >E SD 6H D"O4
,MOREOV]1 9 C]TA9 41SES LICE APPE> 9 GRT
ABUND.E4
  ,"! IS AL A SPECIES ( L\SE CALL$ !
,8WILD L\SE0'1 & ? IS H>D] ?AN ! ORD9>Y
L\SE1 & "! IS EXCEP;NAL DI6ICULTY 9
GETT+ ! SK9 RID ( X4 ,BOYS0' H1DS >E APT
6BE L\SY1 B M5'S 9 LESS DEGREE2 & WOM5
>E M SUBJECT 6LICE ?AN M54 ,B1 :5"E P >E
TR\#D ) L\SY H1DS1 !Y >E LESS ?AN
ORD9>ILY TR\#D ) H1DA*E4 ,& LICE >E
G5]AT$ 9 O!R ANIMALS ?AN MAN4 ,= BIRDS
>E 9FE/$ ) !M2 & PH1SANTS1 UN.S !Y CL1N
!MVS 9 ! DU/1 >E ACTU,Y DE/ROY$ 0!M4
,ALL O!R W+$ ANIMALS T >E FURNI%$ )
F1!RS >E SIMIL>LY 9FE/$1 & ALL HAIR-
COAT$ CR1TURES AL1 )! S+LE EXCEP;N (!
ASS1 : IS 9FE/$ NEI ) LICE NOR ) TICKS4
  ,CATTLE SU6] BO? F LICE & F TICKS4
,%EEP & GOATS BRE$ TICKS1 B D N BRE$
LICE4 ,PIGS BRE$ LICE L>GE & H>D4 ,9
DOGS >E F.D ! FLEA PECULI> 6! ANIMAL1 !
,CYNOROE/ES4 ,9 ALL ANIMALS T >E SUBJECT
6LICE1 ! LATT] ORIG9ATE F ! ANIMALS
!MVS4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ANIMALS T BA! AT ALL1
LICE >E M ?AN USU,Y ABUNDANT :5 !Y *ANGE
! WAT] 9 : !Y BA!4
  ,9 ! SEA1 LICE >E F.D ON FI%ES1 B !Y
>E G5]AT$ N \ (! FI% B \ ( SLIME2 & !Y
RESEM# MULTIP$AL WOOD-LICE1 ONLY T _!
TAIL IS FLAT4 ,SEA-LICE >E UNI=M 9 %APE
& UNIV]SAL 9 LOCAL;Y1 & >E "PICUL>LY
NUM]\S ON ! BODY (! R$ MULLET4 ,& ALL ^!
9SECTS >E MULTIP$AL & DEVOID ( BLOOD4
  ,! P>ASITE T FE$S ON ! TUNNY IS F.D 9
! REGION (! F9S2 X RESEM#S A SCORPION1 &
IS AB ! SIZE (A SPID]4 ,9 ! S1S 2T
,CYR5E & ,EGYPT "! IS A FI% T ATT5DS ON
! DOLPH91 : IS CALL$ ! ,8DOLPH9'S
L\SE0'4 ,? FI% GETS EXCE$+LY FAT F 5JOY+
AN ABUND.E ( FOOD :ILE ! DOLPH9 IS \ 9
PURSUIT ( XS PREY4
                  #CB
  ,O!R ANIMALCULES 2SS ^! >E G5]AT$1 Z
WE H ALR REM>K$1 "S 9 WOOL OR 9 >TICLES
MADE ( WOOL1 Z ! SES OR CLO!S-MO?4 ,& ^!
ANIMALCULES -E 9 GRT] NUMB]S IF ! WOOLL5
SUB/.ES >E DU/Y2 & !Y -E 9 ESPECI,Y L>GE
NUMB]S IF A SPID] 2 %UT UP 9 ! CLO? OR
WOOL1 =! CR1TURE DR9KS UP ANY MOI/URE T
MAY 2 "!1 & DRIES UP ! WOOLL5 SUB/.E4 ,?
GRUB IS F.D AL 9 M5'S CLO!S4
  ,A CR1TURE IS AL F.D 9 WAX L;G LAID
BY1 J Z 9 WOOD1 & X IS ! SMALLE/ (
ANIMALCULES & IS :ITE 9 COL\R1 & IS
DESIGNAT$ ! AC>I OR MITE4 ,9 BOOKS AL
O!R ANIMALCULES >E F.D1 "S RESEMBL+ !
GRUBS F.D 9 G>;TS1 & "S RESEMBL+ TAIL.S
SCORPIONS1 B V SMALL4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE WE
MAY /ATE T S* ANIMALCULES >E F.D 9
PRACTIC,Y ANY?+1 BO? 9 DRY ?+S T >E
2COM+ MOI/ & 9 MOI/ ?+S T >E DRY+1
PROVID$ !Y 3TA9 ! 3DI;NS ( LIFE4
  ,"! IS A GRUB 5TITL$ ! ,8FA7OT-BE>]0'1
Z /RANGE A CR1TURE Z IS "KN4 ,XS H1D
PROJECTS \TSIDE XS %ELL1 MOTTL$ 9 COL\R1
& XS FEET >E NE> ! 5D OR APEX1 Z IS !
CASE ) GRUBS 9 G5]AL2 B ! RE/ ( XS BODY
IS CAS$ 9 A TUNIC Z X 7 ( SPID]'S WEB1 &
"! >E LL DRY TWIGS AB X1 T LOOK Z ?\< !Y
_H /UCK 0A3ID5T 6! CR1TURE Z X W5T WALK+
AB4 ,B ^! TWIG-L =M,NS >E NATUR,Y 3NECT$
)! TUNIC1 = J Z ! %ELL IS )! BODY (!
SNAIL S IS ! :OLE SUP]/RUCTURE ) \R
GRUB2 & !Y D N DROP (F1 B C ONLY 2 TORN
(F1 Z ?\< !Y 7 ALL (A PIECE ) HM1 &!
REMOVAL (! TUNIC IS Z FATAL 6? GRUB Z !
REMOVAL (! %ELL WD 2 6! SNAIL4 ,9 C\RSE
( "T ? GRUB 2COMES A *RYSALIS1 Z IS !
CASE )! SILKWORM1 & LIVES 9 A MO;N.S
3DI;N4 ,B Z YET X IS N "KN 96:AT W+$
3DI;N X IS TRANS=M$4
  ,! FRUIT (! WILD FIG 3TA9S ! PS51 OR
FIG-WASP4 ,? CR1TURE IS A GRUB AT F/2 B
9 DUE "T ! HUSK PEELS (F &! PS5 L1VES !
HUSK 2H X & FLIES AWAY1 & 5T]S 96! FRUIT
(! FIG-TREE "? XS ORIFICE1 & CAUSES !
FRUIT N 6DROP (F2 &)A VIEW 6? PH5OM5ON1
C.TRY FOLK >E 9 ! HABIT ( TY+ WILD FIGS
ON 6FIG-TREES1 &( PLANT+ WILD FIG-TREES
NE> DOME/ICAT$ "OS4
                  #CC
  ,9 ! CASE ( ANIMALS T >E QUADRUP$S &
R$-BLOOD$ & OVIP>\S1 G5],N TAKES PLACE 9
! SPR+1 B COPUL,N DOES N TAKE PLACE 9 AN
UNI=M S1SON4 ,9 "S CASES X TAKES PLACE 9
! SPR+1 9 O!RS 9 SUMM] "T1 & 9 O!RS 9 !
AUTUMN1 AC Z ! SUBSEQU5T S1SON MAY 2
FAV\RA# =! "Y4
  ,! TORTOISE LAYS E7S )A H>D %ELL &(
TWO COL\RS )91 L BIRDS' E7S1 & AF LAY+
!M BURIES !M 9 ! GR.D & TR1DS ! GR.D H>D
OV] !M2 X !N BROODS OV] ! E7S ON !
SURFACE (! GR.D1 & HAT*ES ! E7S ! NEXT
YE>4 ,! HEMYS1 OR FRE%-WAT] TORTOISE1
L1VES ! WAT] & LAYS XS E7S4 ,X DIGS A
HOLE (A CASKLIKE %APE1 & DEPOSITS "!9 !
E7S2 AF R LESS ?AN ?IRTY "DS X DIGS !
E7S UP AG & HAT*ES !M ) GRT RAPID;Y1 &
L1DS XS "Y AT ONCE (F 6! WAT]4 ,! SEA-
TURTLE LAYS ON ! GR.D E7S J L ! E7S (
DOME/ICAT$ BIRDS1 BURIES ! E7S 9 ! GR.D1
& BROODS OV] !M 9 ! NI<T-"T4 ,X LAYS A V
GRT NUMB] ( E7S1 AM.T+ AT "TS 6"O
HUNDR$4
  ,LIZ>DS & CROCODILES1 T]RE/RIAL &
FLUVIAL1 LAY E7S ON L&4 ,! E7S ( LIZ>DS
HAT* SPONTANE\SLY ON L&1 =! LIZ>D DOES N
LIVE ON 96! NEXT YE>2 9 FACT1 ! LIFE (!
ANIMAL IS SD N 6EXCE$ SIX MON?S4 ,!
RIV]-CROCODILE LAYS A NUMB] ( E7S1 SIXTY
AT ! MO/1 :ITE 9 COL\R1 & BROODS OV] !M
= SIXTY "DS3 =1 0! WAY1 ! CR1TURE IS V
L;G-LIV$4 ,&! 4PROPOR;N IS M M>K$ 9 ?
ANIMAL ?AN 9 ANY O!R 2T ! SMALL;S (!
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