,BOOK ,,III
                   #A
  ,N[ T WE H /AT$ ! MAGNITUDES1 !
PROP]TIES1 &! RELATIVE DI6];ES (! O!R
9T]NAL ORGANS1 X REMA9S = U 6TR1T (!
ORGANS T 3TRIBUTE 6G5],N4 ,^! ORGANS 9 !
FEMALE >E 9 ALL CASES 9T]NAL2 9 ! MALE
!Y PRES5T NUM]\S DIV]SITIES4
  ,9 ! BLOOD$ ANIMALS "S MALES >E ALT
DEVOID ( TE/ICLES1 & "S H ! ORGAN B
SITUAT$ 9T]N,Y2 &( ^? MALES T H ! ORGAN
9T]N,Y SITUAT$1 "S H X CLOSE 6! LO9 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD (! KIDNEY & O!RS CLOSE 6!
BELLY4 ,O!R MALES H ! ORGAN SITUAT$
EXT]N,Y4 ,9 ! CASE ( ^! LA/1 ! P5IS IS 9
"S CASES ATTA*$ 6! BELLY1 :IL/ 9 O!RS X
IS LOOSELY SUSP5D$1 Z IS ! CASE AL )!
TE/ICLES2 &1 9 ! CASES ": ! P5IS IS
ATTA*$ 6! BELLY1 ! ATTA*;T V>IES ACLY Z
! ANIMAL IS EMPROS?URETIC OR
OPIS?URETIC4
  ,NO FI% IS FURNI%$ ) TE/ICLES1 NOR ANY
O!R CR1TURE T HAS GILLS1 NOR ANY S]P5T
:AT"E3 NOR1 9 %ORT1 ANY ANIMAL DEVOID (
FEET1 SAVE S* ONLY Z >E VIVIP>\S )9
!MVS4 ,BIRDS >E FURNI%$ ) TE/ICLES1 B ^!
>E 9T]N,Y SITUAT$1 CLOSE 6! LO94 ,! CASE
IS SIMIL> ) OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 S* Z !
LIZ>D1 ! TORTOISE &! CROCODILE2 & AM;G !
VIVIP>\S ANIMALS ? PECULI>;Y IS F.D 9 !
H$GEHOG4 ,O!RS AM;G ^? CR1TURES T H !
ORGAN 9T]N,Y SITUAT$ H X CLOSE 6! BELLY1
Z IS ! CASE )! DOLPH9 AM;G/ ANIMALS
DEVOID ( FEET1 &)! ELEPHANT AM;G
VIVIP>\S QUADRUP$S4 ,9 O!R CASES ^!
ORGANS >E EXT]N,Y 3SPICU\S4
  ,WE H ALR ALLUD$ 6! DIV]SITIES OBS]V$
9 ! ATTA*;T ( ^! ORGANS 6! BELLY &!
ADJAC5T REGION2 9 O!R ^WS1 WE H /AT$ T 9
"S CASES ! TE/ICLES >E TI<TLY FA/5$
BACK1 Z 9 ! PIG & XS ALLIES1 & T 9 O!RS
!Y >E FREELY SUSP5D$1 Z 9 MAN4
  ,FI%ES1 !N1 >E DEVOID ( TE/ICLES1 Z
HAS BE5 /AT$1 & S]P5TS AL4 ,!Y >E
FURNI%$1 H["E1 ) TWO DUCTS 3NECT$ )!
MIDRIFF & RUNN+ ON 6EI SIDE (! BACKB"O1
COALESC+ 96A S+LE DUCT ABV ! \TLET (!
RESIDUUM1 & BY ,8ABV0' ! \TLET ,I M1N !
REGION NE> 6! SP9E4 ,^! DUCTS 9 ! RUTT+
S1SON GET FILL$ )! G5ITAL FLUID1 &1 IF !
DUCTS 2 SQUEEZ$1 ! SP]M OOZES \ :ITE 9
COL\R4 ,Z 6! DI6];ES OBS]V$ 9 MALE FI%ES
( DIV]SE SPECIES1 ! R1D] %D 3SULT MY
TR1TISE ON ,ANATOMY1 &! SUBJECT W 2 "HAF
M FULLY 4CUSS$ :5 WE DESCRIBE ! SPECIFIC
"* 9 EA* CASE4
  ,! MALES ( OVIP>\S ANIMALS1 :E!R BIP$
OR QUADRUP$1 >E 9 ALL CASES FURNI%$ )
TE/ICLES CLOSE 6! LO9 "UN1? ! MIDRIFF4
,) "S ANIMALS ! ORGAN IS :ITI%1 9 O!RS
"S:AT (A SALL[ HUE2 9 ALL CASES X IS
5TIRELY 5VELOP$ ) M9UTE & DELICATE VE9S4
,F EA* (! TWO TE/ICLES EXT5DS A DUCT1 &1
Z 9 ! CASE ( FI%ES1 ! TWO DUCTS COALESCE
96"O ABV ! \TLET (! RESIDUUM4 ,?
3/ITUTES ! P5IS1 : ORGAN 9 ! CASE (
SMALL OVIP>A IS 9CONSPICU\S2 B 9 ! CASE
(! L>G] OVIP>A1 Z 9 ! GOOSE &! L1 !
ORGAN 2COMES Q VISI# J AF COPUL,N4
  ,! DUCTS 9 ! CASE ( FI%ES & 9 BIP$ &
QUADRUP$ OVIP>A >E ATTA*$ 6! LO9 "U !
/OMA* &! GUT1 9 2TWIXT !M &! GRT VE91 F
: DUCTS OR BLOOD-VESSELS EXT5D1 "O 6EA*
(! TWO TE/ICLES4 ,& J Z ) FI%ES ! MALE
SP]M IS F.D 9 ! SEM9AL DUCTS1 &! DUCTS
2COME PLA9LY VISI# AT ! RUTT+ S1SON & 9
"S 9/.ES 2COME 9VISI# AF ! S1SON IS
PASS$1 S AL IS X )! TE/ICLES ( BIRDS2 2F
! BRE$+ S1SON ! ORGAN IS SMALL 9 "S
BIRDS & Q 9VISI# 9 O!RS1 B DUR+ ! S1SON
! ORGAN 9 ALL CASES IS GRTLY 5L>G$4 ,?
PH5OM5ON IS REM>KABLY ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! R+-
DOVE &! "PRIDGE1 S M* S T "S P >E ACTU,Y
( OP9ION T ^! BIRDS >E DEVOID (! ORGAN 9
! W9T]-"T4
  ,( MALE ANIMALS T H _! TE/ICLES PLAC$
FRONTW>DS1 "S H !M 9SIDE1 CLOSE 6!
BELLY1 Z ! DOLPH92 "S H !M \TSIDE1
EXPOS$ 6VIEW1 CLOSE 6! L[] EXTREM;Y (!
BELLY4 ,^! ANIMALS RESEM# "O ANO!R ?US
F> 9 RESPECT 6? ORGAN2 B !Y DI6] F "O
ANO!R 9 ? FACT1 T "S ( !M H _! TE/ICLES
SITUAT$ SEP>ATELY 0!MVS1 :ILE O!RS1 : H
! ORGAN SITUAT$ EXT]N,Y1 H !M 5VELOP$ 9
:AT IS T]M$ ! SCROTUM4
  ,AG1 9 ALL VIVIP>\S ANIMALS FURNI%$ )
FEET ! FOLL[+ PROP]TIES >E OBS]V$ 9 !
TE/ICLES !MVS4 ,F ! AORTA "! EXT5D VE9-L
DUCTS 6! H1D ( EA* (! TE/ICLES1 & ANO!R
TWO F ! KIDNEYS2 ^! TWO F ! KIDNEYS >E
SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD1 :ILE ! TWO F ! AORTA >E
DEVOID ( X4 ,F ! H1D (! TE/ICLE AL;GSIDE
(! TE/ICLE XF IS A DUCT1 ?ICK] & M S9EWY
?AN ! O!R J ALLUD$ TO-A DUCT T B5DS BACK
AG AT ! 5D (! TE/ICLE 6XS H1D2 & F ! H1D
( EA* (! TWO TE/ICLES ! TWO DUCTS EXT5D
UNTIL !Y COALESCE 9 FRONT AT ! P5IS4 ,!
DUCT T B5DS BACK AG & T : IS 9 3TACT )!
TE/ICLE >E 5VELOP$ 9 "O &! SAME
MEMBRANE1 S T1 UNTIL Y DRAW ASIDE !
MEMBRANE1 !Y PRES5T ALL ! APPE>.E ( 2+ A
S+LE UNDI6]5TIAT$ DUCT4 ,FUR!R1 ! DUCT 9
3TACT )! TE/ICLE HAS XS MOI/ 3T5T
QUALIFI$ 0BLOOD1 B 6A -P>ATIVELY LESS
EXT5T ?AN 9 ! CASE (! DUCTS HI<] UP : >E
3NECT$ )! AORTA2 9 ! DUCTS T B5D BACK
T[>DS ! TUBE (! P5IS1 ! LIQUID IS :ITE-
COL\R$4 ,"! AL RUNS A DUCT F ! BLA4]1
OP5+ 96! UPP] "P (! CANAL1 >.D : LIES1
%1?WISE1 :AT IS CALL$ ! ,8P5IS0'4
  ,ALL ^! DESCRIPTIVE "PICUL>S MAY 2
REG>D$ 0! LI<T (! A3OMPANY+ DIAGRAM2 ":9
! LR ,A M>KS ! />T+-PO9T (! DUCTS T
EXT5D F ! AORTA2 ! LRS ,,KK M>K ! H1DS (
! TE/ICLES &! DUCTS DESC5D+ "!UNTO2 !
DUCTS EXT5D+ F ^! AL;G ! TE/ICLES >E
M>K$ ,,MM2 ! DUCTS TURN+ BACK1 9 : IS !
:ITE FLUID1 >E M>K$ ,,BB2 ! P5IS ;,D2 !
BLA4] ;,E2 &! TE/ICLES ,,XX4
  7,0! WAY1 :5 ! TE/ICLES >E CUT (F OR
REMOV$1 ! DUCTS DRAW UPW>DS 03TRAC;N4
,MOREOV]1 :5 MALE ANIMALS >E "Y1 _! [N]
"S"TS DE/ROYS ! ORGAN 9 !M 0ATTRI;N2
"S"TS !Y CA/RATE !M AT A LAT] P]IOD4 ,&
,I MAY "H ADD1 T A BULL HAS BE5 "KN
6S]VE A C[ IMMLY AF CA/R,N1 & ACTU,Y
6IMPREGNATE H]47
  ,S M* !N =! PROP]TIES ( TE/ICLES 9
MALE ANIMALS4
  ,9 FEMALE ANIMALS FURNI%$ )A WOMB1 !
WOMB IS N 9 ALL CASES ! SAME 9 =M OR
5D[$ )! SAME PROP]TIES1 B BO? 9 !
VIVIP>A &! OVIP>A GRT DIV]SITIES PRES5T
!MVS4 ,9 ALL CR1TURES T H ! WOMB CLOSE
6! G5ITALS1 ! WOMB IS TWO-HORN$1 & "O
HORN LIES 6! "R-H& SIDE &! O!R 6! LEFT2
XS -M;E;T1 H["E1 IS S+LE1 & S IS !
ORIFICE1 RESEMBL+ 9 ! CASE (! MO/ NUM]\S
& L>GE/ ANIMALS A TUBE -POS$ ( M* FLE% &
GRI/LE4 ,( ^! "PS "O IS T]M$ ! HY/]A OR
DELPHYS1 :;E IS DERIV$ ! ^W ADELPHOS1 &!
O!R "P1 ! TUBE OR ORIFICE1 IS T]M$
METRA4 ,9 ALL BIP$ OR QUADRUP$ VIVIP>A !
WOMB IS 9 ALL CASES 2L ! MIDRIFF1 Z 9
MAN1 ! DOG1 ! PIG1 ! HORSE1 &! OX2 !
SAME IS ! CASE AL 9 ALL HORN$ ANIMALS4
,AT ! EXTREM;Y (! S-CALL$ C]ATIA1 OR
HORNS1 ! WOMBS ( MO/ ANIMALS H A TWI/ OR
3VOLU;N4
  ,9 ! CASE ( ^? OVIP>A T LAY E7S
EXT]N,Y1 ! WOMBS >E N 9 ALL CASES
SIMIL>LY SITUAT$4 ,?US ! WOMBS ( BIRDS
>E CLOSE 6! MIDRIFF1 &! WOMBS ( FI%ES
D[N 2L1 J L ! WOMBS ( BIP$ & QUADRUP$
VIVIP>A1 ONLY T1 9 ! CASE (! FI%1 !
WOMBS >E DELICATELY =M$1 MEMBRAN\S1 &
EL;GAT$2 S M* S T 9 EXTREMELY SMALL FI%1
EA* (! TWO BIFURCAT$ "PS LOOKS L A S+LE
EGG1 & ^? FI%ES ^: EGG IS DESCRIB$ Z
CRUMBL+ WD APPE> 6H 9SIDE !M A PAIR (
E7S1 ":AS 9 R1L;Y EA* (! TWO SIDES 3SI/S
N ( "O B ( _M E7S1 & ? A3.TS = _! BR1K+
UP 96S _M "PICLES4
  ,! WOMB ( BIRDS HAS ! L[] & TUBUL>
POR;N FLE%Y & FIRM1 &! "P CLOSE 6!
MIDRIFF MEMBRAN\S & EXCE$+LY ?9 & F9E3 S
?9 & F9E T ! E7S MI<T SEEM 6BE \TSIDE !
WOMB ALT4 ,9 ! L>G] BIRDS ! MEMBRANE IS
M 4T9CTLY VISI#1 &1 IF 9FLAT$ "? ! TUBE1
LIFTS & SWELLS \2 9 ! SMALL] BIRDS ALL
^! "PS >E M 9DIST9CT4
  ,! PROP]TIES (! WOMB >E SIMIL> 9
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 Z ! TORTOISE1 !
LIZ>D1 ! FROG &! L2 =! TUBE 2L IS S+LE &
FLE%Y1 &! CLEFT POR;N )! E7S IS AT ! TOP
CLOSE 6! MIDRIFF4 ,) ANIMALS DEVOID (
FEET T >E 9T]N,Y OVIP>\S & VIVIP>\S
EXT]N,Y1 Z IS ! CASE )! DOGFI% &! O!R S-
CALL$ ,SELA*IANS 7& 0? TITLE WE
DESIGNATE S* CR1TURES DE/ITUTE ( FEET &
FURNI%$ ) GILLS Z >E VIVIP>\S71 ) ^!
ANIMALS ! WOMB IS BIFURCATE1 & 2G9N+ D[N
2L X EXT5DS Z F> Z ! MIDRIFF1 Z 9 ! CASE
( BIRDS4 ,"! IS AL A N>R[ "P 2T ! TWO
HORNS RUNN+ UP Z F> Z ! MIDRIFF1 &! E7S
>E 5G5D]$ "H & ABV AT ! ORIG9 (!
MIDRIFF2 AFWS !Y PASS 96! WID] SPACE &
TURN F E7S 96"Y ANIMALS4 ,H["E1 !
DI6];ES 9 RESPECT 6! WOMBS ( ^! FI%ES Z
-P>$ ) O!RS ( _! [N SPECIES OR ) FI%ES 9
G5]AL1 WD 2 M SATISFACTORILY /UDI$ 9 _!
V>I\S =MS 9 SPECIM5S "U 4SEC;N4
  ,! MEMB]S (! S]P5T G5US AL PRES5T
DIV]G5CIES EI :5 -P>$ )! ABV-M5;N$
CR1TURES OR ) "O ANO!R4 ,S]P5TS Z A RULE
>E OVIP>\S1 ! VIP] 2+ ! ONLY VIVIP>\S
MEMB] (! G5US4 ,! VIP] IS1 PREVI\SLY
6EXT]NAL "PURI;N1 OVIP>\S 9T]N,Y2 & [+
6? P]CULI>;Y ! PROP]TIES (! WOMB 9 !
VIP] >E SIMIL> 6^? (! WOMB 9 !
SELA*IANS4 ,! WOMB (! S]P5T IS L;G1 9
KEEP+ )! BODY1 & />T+ 2L F A S+LE DUCT
EXT5DS 3T9U\SLY ON BO? SIDES (! SP9E1 S
Z 6GIVE ! IMPRES.N ( ?US 2+ A SEP>ATE
DUCT ON EA* SIDE (! SP9E1 UNTIL X R1*ES
! MIDRIFF1 ": ! E7S >E 5G5D]$ 9 A R[2 &
^! E7S >E LAID N "O 0"O1 B ALL /RUNG
TGR4 7,& ALL ANIMALS T >E VIVIP>\S BO?
9T]N,Y & EXT]N,Y H ! WOMB SITUAT$ ABV !
/OMA*1 & ALL ! OVIP>A "UN1?1 NE> 6! LO94
,ANIMALS T >E VIVIP>\S EXT]N,Y & 9T]N,Y
OVIP>\S PRES5T AN 9T]M$IATE >RANGE;T2 =!
"UN1? POR;N (! WOMB1 9 : ! E7S >E1 IS
PLAC$ NE> 6! LO91 B ! "P AB ! ORIFICE IS
ABV ! GUT47
  ,FUR!R1 "! IS ! FOLL[+ DIV]S;Y OBS]VA#
9 WOMBS Z -P>$ ) "O ANO!R3 "NLY T !
FEMALES ( HORN$ NONAMBID5TAL ANIMALS >E
FURNI%$ ) COTYL$ONS 9 ! WOMB :5 !Y >E
PREGNANT1 & S* IS ! CASE1 AM;G
AMBID5TALS1 )! H>E1 ! M\SE1 &! BAT2 ":AS
ALL O!R ANIMALS T >E AMBID5TAL1
VIVIP>\S1 & FURNI%$ ) FEET1 H ! WOMB Q
SMOO?1 & 9 _! CASE ! ATTA*;T (! EMBRYO
IS 6! WOMB XF & N 6ANY COTYL$ON 9SIDE X4
  ,! "PS1 !N1 9 ANIMALS T >E N HOMOG5E\S
) !MVS & UNI=M 9 _! TEXTURE1 BO? "PS
EXT]NAL & "PS 9T]NAL1 H ! PROP]TIES ABV
ASSIGN$ 6!M4
                   #B
  ,9 SANGU9E\S ANIMALS ! HOMOG5E\S OR
UNI=M "P MO/ UNIV]S,Y F.D IS ! BLOOD1 &
XS HABITAT ! VE92 NEXT 9 DEGREE (
UNIV]SAL;Y1 _! ANALOGUES1 LYMPH & FIBRE1
&1 T : *IEFLY 3/ITUTES ! FRAME (
ANIMALS1 FLE% & :ATSO"E 9 ! S"EAL "PS IS
ANALOG\S 6FLE%2 !N B"O1 & "PS T >E
ANALOG\S 6B"O1 Z FI%-B"O & GRI/LE2 & !N1
AG1 SK91 MEMBRANE1 S9EW1 HAIR1 NAILS1 &
:AT"E CORRESPONDS 6^!2 &1 FUR!RMORE1
FAT1 SUET1 &! EXCRE;NS3 &! EXCRE;NS >E
DUNG1 PHLEGM1 YELL[ BILE1 & BLACK BILE4
  ,N[1 Z ! NATURE ( BLOOD &! NATURE (!
VE9S H ALL ! APPE>.E ( 2+ PRIMITIVE1 WE
M/ 4CUSS _! PROP]TIES F/ ( ALL1 & ALL !
M Z "S PREVI\S WRIT]S H TR1T$ !M V
UNSATISFACTORILY4 ,&! CAUSE (! IGNOR.E
?US MANIFE/$ IS ! EXTREME DI6ICULTY
EXP]I;ED 9 ! WAY ( OBS]V,N4 ,= 9 ! D1D
BODIES ( ANIMALS ! NATURE (! *IEF VE9S
IS UNDISCOV]A#1 [+ 6! FACT T !Y COLLAPSE
AT ONCE :5 ! BLOOD L1VES !M2 =! BLOOD
P\RS \ ( !M 9 A /R1M1 L LIQUID \ (A
VESSEL1 S9CE "! IS NO BLOOD SEP>ATELY
SITUAT$ 0XF1 EXCEPT A LL 9 ! HE>T1 B X
IS ALL LODG$ 9 ! VE9S4 ,9 LIV+ ANIMALS X
IS IMPOSSI# 69SPECT ^! "PS1 =( _! V
NATURE !Y >E SITUAT$ 9SIDE ! BODY & \ (
SI<T4 ,= ? R1SON ANATOMI/S :O H C>RI$ ON
_! 9VE/IG,NS ON D1D BODIES 9 ! 4SECT+
ROOM H FAIL$ 64COV] ! *IEF ROOTS (!
VE9S1 :ILE ^? :O H N>R[LY 9SPECT$ BODIES
( LIV+ M5 REDUC$ 6EXTREME ATT5U,N H
>RIV$ AT 3CLU.NS REG>D+ ! ORIG9 (! VE9S
F ! MANIFE/,NS VISI# EXT]N,Y4 ,( ^!
9VE/IGATORS1 ,SY5NESIS1 ! PHYSICIAN (
,CYPRUS1 WRITES Z FOLL[S3-
  ,8,! BIG VE9S RUN ?US3-F ! NAVEL ACR !
LO9S1 AL;G ! BACK1 PA/ ! LUNG1 9 "U !
BR1/S2 "O F "R 6LEFT1 &! O!R F LEFT 6"R2
T F ! LEFT1 "? ! LIV] 6! KIDNEY &!
TE/ICLE1 T F ! "R1 6! SPLE5 & KIDNEY &
TE/ICLE1 & F ?;E 6! P5IS40' ,DIOG5ES (
,APOLLONIA WRITES ?US3-
  ,8,! VE9S 9 MAN >E Z FOLL[S3-,"! >E
TWO VE9S PRE-EM95T 9 MAGNITUDE4 ,^!
EXT5D "? ! BELLY AL;G ! BACKB"O1 "O 6"R1
"O 6LEFT2 EI "O 6! LEG ON XS [N SIDE1 &
UPW>DS 6! H1D1 PA/ ! COLL> B"OS1 "? !
?ROAT4 ,F ^!1 VE9S EXT5D ALL OV] ! BODY1
F T ON ! "R H& 6! "R SIDE & F T ON !
LEFT H& 6! LEFT SIDE2 ! MO/ IMPORTANT
"OS1 TWO 9 NUMB]1 6! HE>T 9 ! REGION (!
BACKB"O2 O!R TWO A LL HI<] UP "? ! *E/ 9
"UN1? ! >MPIT1 EA* 6! H& ON XS SIDE3 (
^! TWO1 "O 2+ T]M$ ! VE9 SPL5ITIS1 &!
O!R ! VE9 HEPATITIS4 ,EA* (! PAIR SPLITS
AT XS EXTREM;Y2 ! "O BRAN*ES 9 ! DIREC;N
(! ?UMB &! O!R 9 ! DIREC;N (! PALM2 & F
^! RUN (F A NUMB] ( M9UTE VE9S BRAN*+ (F
6! F+]S & 6ALL "PS (! H&4 ,O!R VE9S1 M
M9UTE1 EXT5D F ! MA9 VE9S2 F T ON ! "R
T[>DS ! LIV]1 F T ON ! LEFT T[>DS !
SPLE5 &! KIDNEYS4 ,! VE9S T RUN 6! LEGS
SPLIT AT ! JUNCTURE (! LEGS )! TRUNK &
EXT5D "R D[N ! ?I<4 ,! L>GE/ ( ^! GOES
D[N ! ?I< AT ! BACK ( X1 & C 2 4C]N$ &
TRAC$ Z A BIG "O2 ! SECOND "O RUNS 9SIDE
! ?I<1 N Q Z BIG Z ! "O J M5;N$4 ,AF ?
!Y PASS ON AL;G ! KNEE 6! %9 &! FOOT 7Z
! UPP] VE9S 7 DESCRIB$ Z PASS+ T[>DS !
H&S71 & >RIVE AT ! SOLE (! FOOT1 & F ?;E
3T9UE 6! TOES4 ,MOREOV]1 _M DELICATE
VE9S SEP>ATE (F F ! GRT VE9S T[>DS !
/OMA* & T[>DS ! RIBS4
  ,8,! VE9S T RUN "? ! ?ROAT 6! H1D C 2
4C]N$ & TRAC$ 9 ! NECK Z L>GE "OS2 & F
EA* "O (! TWO1 ": X T]M9ATES1 "! BRAN*
(F A NUMB] ( VE9S 6! H1D2 "S F ! "R SIDE
T[>DS ! LEFT1 & "S F ! LEFT SIDE T[>DS !
"R2 &! TWO VE9S T]M9ATE NE> 6EA* (! TWO
E>S4 ,"! IS ANO!R PAIR ( VE9S 9 ! NECK
RUNN+ AL;G ! BIG VE9 ON EI SIDE1 SLI<TLY
LESS 9 SIZE ?AN ! PAIR J SPOK5 (1 &) ^!
! GRT] "P (! VE9S 9 ! H1D >E 3NECT$4 ,?
O!R PAIR RUNS "? ! ?ROAT 9SIDE2 & F EI
"O (! TWO "! EXT5D VE9S 9 "UN1? ! %\LD]
BLADE & T[>DS ! H&S2 & ^! APPE> AL;GSIDE
! VE9S SPL5ITIS & HEPATITIS Z ANO!R PAIR
( VE9S SMALL] 9 SIZE4 ,:5 "! IS A PA9
NE> ! SURFACE (! BODY1 ! PHYSICIAN L.ES
^! TWO LATT] VE9S2 B :5 ! PA9 IS )9 & 9
! REGION (! /OMA* HE L.ES ! VE9S
SPL5ITIS & HEPATITIS4 ,& F ^!1 O!R VE9S
DE"P 6RUN 2L ! BR1/S4
  ,8,"! IS AL ANO!R PAIR RUNN+ ON EA*
SIDE "? ! SP9AL M>R[ 6! TE/ICLES1 ?9 &
DELICATE4 ,"! IS1 FUR!R1 A PAIR RUNN+ A
LL "UN1? ! CUTICLE "? ! FLE% 6! KIDNEYS1
& ^! ) M5 T]M9ATE AT ! TE/ICLE1 &) WOM5
AT ! WOMB4 ,^! VE9S >E T]M$ ! SP]MATIC
VE9S4 ,! VE9S T L1VE ! /OMA* >E
-P>ATIVELY BROAD J Z !Y L1VE2 B !Y 2COME
GRADU,Y ?9N]1 UNTIL !Y *ANGE OV] F "R
6LEFT & F LEFT 6"R4
  ,8,BLOOD IS ?ICKE/ :5 X IS IMBIB$ 0!
FLE%Y "PS2 :5 X IS TRANSMITT$ 6! ORGANS
ABV-M5;N$1 X 2COMES ?91 W>M1 & FRO?Y40'
                   #C
  ,S* >E ! A3.TS GIV5 0,SY5NESIS &
,DIOG5ES4 ,POLYBUS WRITES 6! FOLL[+
E6ECT3-
  ,8,"! >E F\R PAIRS ( VE9S4 ,! F/
EXT5DS F ! BACK (! H1D1 "? ! NECK ON !
\TSIDE1 PA/ ! BACKB"O ON EI SIDE1 UNTIL
X R1*ES ! LO9S & PASSES ON 6! LEGS1 AF :
X GOES ON "? ! %9S 6! \T] SIDE (! ANKLES
& ON 6! FEET4 ,& X IS ON ? A3.T T
SURGEONS1 = PA9S 9 ! BACK & LO91 BLE$ 9
! HAM & 9 ! \T] SIDE (! ANKLE4 ,ANO!R
PAIR ( VE9S RUNS F ! H1D1 PA/ E>S1 "? !
NECK2 : VE9S >E T]M$ ! JUGUL> VE9S4 ,?
PAIR GOES ON 9SIDE AL;G ! BACKB"O1 PA/ !
MUSCLES (! LO9S1 ON 6! TE/ICLES1 &
ONW>DS 6! ?I<S1 & "? ! 9SIDE (! HAMS &
"? ! %9S D[N 6! 9SIDE (! ANKLES & 6!
FEET2 &= ? R1SON1 SURGEONS1 = PA9S 9 !
MUSCLES (! LO9S & 9 ! TE/ICLES1 BLE$ ON
! HAMS &! 9N] SIDE (! ANKLES4 ,! ?IRD
PAIR EXT5DS F ! TEMPLES1 "? ! NECK1 9
"UN1? ! %\LD]-BLADES1 96! LUNG2 ^? F "R
6LEFT GO+ 9 "UN1? ! BR1/ & ON 6! SPLE5 &
! KIDNEY2 ^? F LEFT 6"R RUNN+ F ! LUNG 9
"UN1? ! BR1/ & 96! LIV] &! KIDNEY2 & BO?
T]M9ATE 9 ! FUNDA;T4 ,! F\R? PAIR EXT5D
F ! FRONT "P (! H1D &! EYES 9 "UN1? !
NECK &! COLL>-B"OS2 F ?;E !Y /RET* ON "?
! UPP] "P (! UPP] >MS 6! ELB[S & !N "? !
=E->MS ON 6! WRI/S &! JO9T+S (! F+]S1 &
AL "? ! L[] "P (! UPP]->MS 6! >MPITS1 &
S ON1 KEEP+ ABV ! RIBS1 UNTIL "O (! PAIR
R1*ES ! SPLE5 &! O!R R1*ES ! LIV]2 & AF
? !Y BO? PASS OV] ! /OMA* & T]M9ATE AT !
P5IS40'
  ,! ABV QUOT,NS SUM UP PRETTY WELL !
/ATE;TS ( ALL PREVI\S WRIT]S4
,FUR!RMORE1 "! >E "S WRIT]S ON ,NATURAL
,HI/ORY :O H N V5TUR$ 6LAY D[N ! LAW 9
S* PRECISE T]MS Z REG>DS ! VE9S1 B :O
ALL ALIKE AGREE 9 ASSIGN+ ! H1D &! BRA9
Z ! />T+-PO9T (! VE9S4 ,& 9 ? OP9ION !Y
>E MISTAK54
  ,! 9VE/IG,N ( S* A SUBJECT1 Z HAS BE5
REM>K$1 IS "O FRAU<T ) DI6ICULTIES2 B1
IF ANY "O 2 KE5LY 9T]E/$ 9 ! MATT]1 8
BE/ PLAN W 2 6ALL[ 8 ANIMALS 6/>VE
6EMACI,N1 !N 6/RANGLE !M ON A SU451 &
"!^U 6PROSECUTE 8 9VE/IG,NS4
  ,WE N[ PROCE$ 6GIVE "PICUL>S REG>D+ !
PROP]TIES & FUNC;NS (! VE9S4 ,"! >E TWO
BLOOD-VESSELS 9 ! ?ORAX 0! BACKB"O1 &
LY+ 6XS 9N] SIDE2 &( ^! TWO ! L>G] "O IS
SITUAT$ 6! FRONT1 &! LESS] "O IS 6! RE>
( X2 &! L>G] IS SITUAT$ R 6! "R H& SIDE
(! BODY1 &! LESS] "O 6! LEFT2 & 0"S ?
VE9 IS T]M$ ! ,8AORTA0'1 F ! FACT T EV5
9 D1D BODIES "P ( X IS OBS]V$ 6BE FULL (
AIR4 ,^! BLOOD-VESSELS H _! ORIG9S 9 !
HE>T1 = !Y TRAV]SE ! O!R VISC]A1 9 :AT"E
DIREC;N !Y HAPP5 6RUN1 )\T 9 ANY WAY
LOS+ _! 4T9CTIVE "*I/IC Z BLOOD-VESSELS1
":AS ! HE>T IS Z X 7 A "P ( !M 7& T TOO
M 9 RESPECT 6! FRONTW>D & L>G] "O (!
TWO71 [+ 6! FACT T ^! TWO VE9S >E ABV &
2L1 )! HE>T LY+ MIDWAY4
  ,! HE>T 9 ALL ANIMALS HAS CAVITIES
9SIDE X4 ,9 ! CASE (! SMALL] ANIMALS EV5
! L>GE/ (! *AMB]S IS SC>CELY 4C]NI#2 !
SECOND L>G] IS SC>CELY 4C]NI# 9 ANIMALS
( M$IUM SIZE2 B 9 ! L>GE/ ANIMALS ALL
?REE *AMB]S >E 4T9CTLY SE54 ,9 ! HE>T !N
7) XS PO9T$ 5D DIRECT$ FRONTW>DS1 Z HAS
BE5 OBS]V$7 ! L>GE/ (! ?REE *AMB]S IS ON
! "R-H& SIDE & HI<E/ UP2 ! L1/ "O IS ON
! LEFT-H& SIDE2 &! M$IUM-SIZ$ "O LIES 9
2TWIXT ! O!R TWO2 &! L>GE/ "O (! ?REE
*AMB]S IS A GRT D1L L>G] ?AN EI (! TWO
O!RS4 ,ALL ?REE1 H["E1 >E 3NECT$ )
PASSAGES L1D+ 9 ! DIREC;N (! LUNG1 B ALL
^! -MUNIC,NS >E 9DIST9CTLY 4C]NI# 0R1SON
( _! M9UTE;S1 EXCEPT "O4
  ,! GRT BLOOD-VESSEL1 !N1 IS ATTA*$ 6!
BI7E/ (! ?REE *AMB]S1 ! "O T LIES
UPP]MO/ & ON ! "R-H& SIDE2 X !N EXT5DS
"R "? ! *AMB]1 -+ \ Z BLOOD-VESSEL AG2 J
Z ?\< ! CAV;Y (! HE>T 7 A "P (! VESSEL1
9 : ! BLOOD BROAD5S XS *ANNEL Z A RIV] T
WID5S \ 9 A LAKE4 ,! AORTA IS ATTA*$ 6!
MI4LE *AMB]2 ONLY1 0! WAY1 X IS 3NECT$ )
X 0M* N>R[] PIPE4
  ,! GRT BLOOD-VESSEL !N PASSES "? !
HE>T 7& RUNS F ! HE>T 96! AORTA74 ,! GRT
VESSEL LOOKS Z ?\< MADE ( MEMBRANE OR
SK91 :ILE ! AORTA IS N>R[] ?AN X1 & IS V
S9EWY2 & Z X /RET*ES AWAY 6! H1D & 6!
L[] "PS X 2COMES EXCE$+LY N>R[ & S9EWY4
  ,F/ ( ALL1 !N1 UPW>DS F ! HE>T "!
/RET*ES A "P (! GRT BLOOD-VESSEL T[>DS !
LUNG &! ATTA*;T (! AORTA1 A "P 3SI/+ (A
L>GE UNDIVID$ VESSEL4 ,B "! SPLIT (F F X
TWO "PS2 "O T[>DS ! LUNG &! O!R T[>DS !
BACKB"O &! LA/ V]TEBRA (! NECK4
  ,! VESSEL1 !N1 T EXT5DS 6! LUNG1 Z !
LUNG XF IS DUPLICATE1 DIVIDES AT F/
96TWO2 & !N EXT5DS AL;G 0E PIPE & E
P]=,N1 GRT] AL;G ! GRT] "OS1 LESS] AL;G
! LESS1 S 3T9U\SLY T X IS IMPOSSI# 64C]N
A S+LE "P ":9 "! IS N P]=,N & VE92 =!
EXTREMITIES >E 9DIST+UI%A# F _! M9UTE;S1
& 9 PO9T ( FACT ! :OLE LUNG APPE>S 6BE
FILL$ ) BLOOD4
  ,! BRAN*ES (! BLOOD-VESSELS LIE ABV !
TUBES T EXT5D F ! W9DPIPE4 ,& T VESSEL :
EXT5DS 6! V]TEBRA (! NECK &! BACKB"O1
/RET*ES BACK AG AL;G ! BACKB"O2 Z ,HOM]
REPRES5TS 9 ! L9ES3-
  7,ANTILO*US1 Z ,?OON TURN$ HM R.D71
  ,TRANSPI]C'D 8 BACK )A 4H"O/ W.D2
  ,! HOLL[ VE9 T 6! NECK EXT5DS1
  ,AL;G ! *9E1 ! EAG] JAVEL9 R5DS4
  ,F ? VESSEL "! EXT5D SMALL BLOOD-
VESSELS AT EA* RIB & EA* V]TEBRA2 & AT !
V]TEBRA ABV ! KIDNEYS ! VESSEL
BIFURCATES4 ,& 9 ! ABV WAY ! "PS BRAN*
(F F ! GRT BLOOD-VESSEL4
  ,B UP ABV ALL ^!1 F T "P : IS 3NECT$ )
! HE>T1 ! 5TIRE VE9 BRAN*ES (F 9 TWO
DIREC;NS4 ,= XS BRAN*ES EXT5D 6! SIDES &
6! COLL>B"OS1 & !N PASS ON1 9 M5 "? !
>MPITS 6! >MS1 9 QUADRUP$S 6! =ELEGS1 9
BIRDS 6! W+S1 & 9 FI%ES 6! UPP] OR
PECTORAL F9S4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47 ,! TRUNKS
( ^! VE9S1 ": !Y F/ BRAN* (F1 >E CALL$ !
,8JUGUL>0' VE9S2 &1 ": !Y BRAN* (F 6!
NECK ! GRT VE9 RUN AL;GSIDE ! W9DPIPE2
&1 O3A.N,Y1 IF ^! VE9S >E PRESS$
EXT]N,Y1 M51 ?\< N ACTU,Y *OK$1 2COME
9S5SI#1 %UT _! EYES1 & FALL FLAT ON !
GR.D4 ,EXT5D+ 9 ! WAY DESCRIB$ & KEEP+ !
W9DPIPE 9 2TWIXT !M1 !Y PASS ON UNTIL !Y
R1* ! E>S AT ! JUNC;N (! L[] JAW )!
SKULL4 ,H;E AG !Y BRAN* (F 96F\R VE9S1 (
: "O B5DS BACK & DESC5DS "? ! NECK &!
%\LD]1 & MEETS ! PREVI\S BRAN*+ (F (!
VE9 AT ! B5D (! >M1 :ILE ! RE/ ( X
T]M9ATES AT ! H& & F+]S4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,EA* VE9 (! O!R PAIR /RET*ES F !
REGION (! E> 6! BRA91 & BRAN*ES (F 9 A
NUMB] ( F9E & DELICATE VE9S 96! S-CALL$
M59X1 OR MEMBRANE1 : SURR.DS ! BRA94 ,!
BRA9 XF 9 ALL ANIMALS IS DE/ITUTE (
BLOOD1 & NO VE91 GRT OR SMALL1 HOLDS XS
C\RSE "!94 ,B (! REMA9+ VE9S T BRAN* (F
F ! LA/ M5;N$ VE9 "S 5VELOP ! H1D1 O!RS
CLOSE _! C\RSES 9 ! ORGANS ( S5SE & AT !
ROOTS (! TEE? 9 VE9S EXCE$+LY F9E &
M9UTE4
                   #D
  ,& 9 L MANN] ! "PS (! LESS] "O (! TWO
*IEF BLOOD-VESSELS1 DESIGNAT$ ! AORTA1
BRAN* (F1 A3OMPANY+ ! BRAN*ES F ! BIG
VE92 ONLY T1 9 REG>D 6! AORTA1 !
PASSAGES >E LESS 9 SIZE1 &! BRAN*ES V
3SID]ABLY LESS ?AN >E ^? (! GRT VE94 ,S
M* =! VE9S Z OBS]V$ 9 ! REGIONS ABV !
HE>T4
  ,! "P (! GRT VE9 T LIES "UN1? ! HE>T
EXT5DS1 FREELY SUSP5D$1 "R "? ! MIDRIFF1
& IS UNIT$ BO? 6! AORTA &! BACKB"O
0SLACK MEMBRAN\S -MUNIC,NS4 ,F X "O VE91
%ORT & WIDE1 EXT5DS "? ! LIV]1 & F X A
NUMB] ( M9UTE VE9S BRAN* (F 96! LIV] &
4APPE>4 ,F ! VE9 T PASSES "? ! LIV] TWO
BRAN*ES SEP>ATE (F1 ( : "O T]M9ATES 9 !
DIAPHRAGM OR S-CALL$ MIDRIFF1 &! O!R
RUNS UP AG "? ! >MPIT 96! "R >M & UNITES
)! O!R VE9S AT ! 9SIDE (! B5D (! >M2 & X
IS 9 3SEQU;E ( ? LOCAL 3NEXION T1 :5 !
SURGEON OP5S ? VE9 9 ! =E>M1 ! PATI5T IS
RELIEV$ ( C]TA9 PA9S 9 ! LIV]2 & F !
LEFT-H& SIDE ( X "! EXT5DS A %ORT B ?ICK
VE9 6! SPLE5 &! LL VE9S BRAN*+ (F X
4APPE> 9 T ORGAN4 ,ANO!R "P BRAN*ES (F F
! LEFT-H& SIDE (! GRT VE91 & ASC5DS1 0A
C\RSE SIMIL> 6! C\RSE REC5TLY DESCRIB$1
96! LEFT >M2 ONLY T ! ASC5D+ VE9 9 ! "O
CASE IS ! VE9 T TRAV]SES ! LIV]1 :ILE 9
? CASE X IS 4T9CT F ! VE9 T RUNS 96!
SPLE54 ,AG1 O!R VE9S BRAN* (F F ! BIG
VE92 "O 6! O;TUM1 & ANO!R 6! PANCR1S1 F
: VE9 RUN A NUMB] ( VE9S "? ! MES5T]Y4
,ALL ^! VE9S COALESCE 9 A S+LE L>GE VE91
AL;G ! 5TIRE GUT & /OMA* 6! OESOPHAGUS2
AB ^! "PS "! IS A GRT RAMIFIC,N ( BRAN*
VE9S4
  ,Z F> Z ! KIDNEYS1 EA* (! TWO REMA9+
UNDIVID$1 ! AORTA &! BIG VE9 EXT5D2 & "H
!Y GET M CLOSELY ATTA*$ 6! BACKB"O1 &
BRAN* (F1 EA* (! TWO1 96A ,A %APE1 &!
BIG VE9 GETS 6! RE> (! AORTA4 ,B ! *IEF
ATTA*;T (! AORTA 6! BACKB"O TAKES PLACE
9 ! REGION (! HE>T2 &! ATTA*;T IS E6ECT$
0M1NS ( M9UTE & S9EWY VESSELS4 ,! AORTA1
J Z X DRAWS (F F ! HE>T1 IS A TUBE (
3SID]A# VOLUME1 B1 Z X ADV.ES 9 XS
C\RSE1 X GETS N>R[] & M S9EWY4 ,& F !
AORTA "! EXT5D VE9S 6! MES5T]Y J L !
VE9S T EXT5D ?I!R F ! BIG VE91 ONLY T !
BRAN*ES 9 ! CASE (! AORTA >E 3SID]ABLY
LESS 9 MAGNITUDE2 !Y >E1 9DE$1 N>R[ &
FIBRILL>1 & !Y 5D 9 DELICATE HOLL[
FIBRE-L VE9LETS4
  ,"! IS NO VESSEL T RUNS F ! AORTA 96!
LIV] OR ! SPLE54
  ,F EA* (! TWO GRT BLOOD-VESSELS "!
EXT5D BRAN*ES 6EA* (! TWO FLANKS1 & BO?
BRAN*ES FA/5 ON 6! B"O4 ,VESSELS AL
EXT5D 6! KIDNEYS F ! BIG VE9 &! AORTA2
ONLY T !Y D N OP5 96! CAV;Y (! ORGAN1 B
_! RAMIFIC,NS P5ETRATE 96XS SUB/.E4 ,F !
AORTA RUN TWO O!R DUCTS 6! BLA4]1 FIRM &
3T9U\S2 & "! >E O!R DUCTS F ! HOLL[ (!
KIDNEYS1 9 NO WAY -MUNICAT+ )! BIG VE94
,F ! C5TRE ( EA* (! TWO KIDNEYS SPR+S A
HOLL[ S9EWY VE91 RUNN+ AL;G ! BACKB"O "R
"? ! LO9S2 0& 0EA* (! TWO VE9S F/
4APPE>S 9 XS [N FLANK1 & SOON AFWS
REAPPE>S /RET*+ 9 ! DIREC;N (! FLANK4 ,!
EXTREMITIES ( ^! ATTA* 6! BLA4]1 & AL 9
! MALE 6! P5IS & 9 ! FEMALE 6! WOMB4 ,F
! BIG VE9 NO VE9 EXT5DS 6! WOMB1 B !
ORGAN IS 3NECT$ )! AORTA 0VE9S NUM]\S &
CLOSELY PACK$4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 F ! AORTA &! GRT VE9 AT !
PO9TS ( DIV>IC,N "! BRAN* (F O!R VE9S4
,"S ( ^! RUN 6! GRO9S-L>GE HOLL[ VE9S-&
!N PASS ON D[N "? ! LEGS & T]M9ATE 9 !
FEET & TOES4 ,&1 AG1 ANO!R SET RUN "? !
GRO9S &! ?I<S CROSS-G>T] FA%ION1 F "R
6LEFT & F LEFT 6"R1 & UNITE 9 ! HAMS )!
O!R VE9S4
  ,9 ! ABV DESCRIP;N WE H ?R[N LI<T ^U !
C\RSE (! VE9S & _! PO9TS ( DE"PURE4
  ,9 ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS ! CASE /&S Z
"H SET =? 9 REG>D 6! PO9TS ( DE"PURE &!
C\RSES (! *IEF VE9S4 ,B ! DESCRIP;N DOES
N HOLD EQU,Y GD =! 5TIRE VE9-SY/EM 9 ALL
^! ANIMALS4 ,=1 9 PO9T ( FACT1 ! ORGANS
>E N ID5TIC,Y SITUAT$ 9 !M ALL2 &1 :AT
IS M1 "S ANIMALS >E FURNI%$ ) ORGANS ( :
O!R ANIMALS >E DE/ITUTE4 ,AT ! SAME "T1
:ILE ! DESCRIP;N S F> HOLDS GD1 ! PRO( (
XS A3URACY IS N EQU,Y EASY 9 ALL CASES1
B IS EASIE/ 9 ! CASE ( ANIMALS ( 3SID]A#
MAGNITUDE & SUPPLI$ ABUNDANTLY ) BLOOD4
,= 9 LL ANIMALS & ^? SCANTILY SUPPLI$ )
BLOOD1 EI F NATURAL & 9H]5T CAUSES OR F
A PREVAL;E ( FAT 9 ! BODY1 ?OR\< A3URACY
9 9VE/IG,N IS N EQU,Y ATTA9A#2 = 9 !
LATT] ( ^! CR1TURES ! PASSAGES GET
CLO7$1 L WAT]-*ANNELS *OK$ ) SLU%2 &!
O!RS H A FEW M9UTE FIBRES 6S]VE 9/1D (
VE9S4 ,B 9 ALL CASES ! BIG VE9 IS PLA9LY
4C]NI#1 EV5 9 CR1TURES ( 9SIGNIFICANT
SIZE4

                   #E
  ,! S9EWS ( ANIMALS H ! FOLL[+
PROP]TIES4 ,= ^! AL ! PO9T ( ORIG9 IS !
HE>T2 =! HE>T HAS S9EWS )9 XF 9 ! L>GE/
( XS ?REE *AMB]S1 &! AORTA IS A S9EW-L
VE92 9 FACT1 AT XS EXTREM;Y X IS ACTU,Y
A S9EW1 = X IS "! NO L;G] HOLL[1 & IS
/RET*$ L ! S9EWS ": !Y T]M9ATE AT !
JO9T+S (! B"OS4 ,2 X REMEMB]$1 H["E1 T !
S9EWS D N PROCE$ 9 UNBROK5 SEQU;E F "O
PO9T ( ORIG91 Z D ! BLOOD-VESSELS4
  ,=! VE9S H ! %APE (! 5TIRE BODY1 L A
SKET* (A MANNIK92 9 S* A WAY T ! :OLE
FRAME SEEMS 6BE FILL$ UP ) LL VE9S 9
ATT5UAT$ SUBJECTS-=! SPACE O3UPI$ 0FLE%
9 FAT 9DIVIDUALS IS FILL$ ) LL VE9S 9 ?9
"OS-":AS ! S9EWS >E 4TRIBUT$ AB ! JO9TS
&! FLEXURES (! B"OS4 ,N[1 IF ! S9EWS 7
DERIV$ 9 UNBROK5 SEQU;E F A -MON PO9T (
DE"PURE1 ? 3T9U;Y WD 2 4C]NI# 9 ATT5UAT$
SPECIM5S4
  ,9 ! HAM1 OR ! "P (! FRAME BR"\ 96FULL
PLAY 9 ! EF=T ( L1P+1 IS AN IMPORTANT
SY/EM ( S9EWS2 & ANO!R S9EW1 A D\# "O1
IS T CALL$ ,8! T5DON0'1 & O!RS >E ^?
BR"\ 96PLAY :5 A GRT EF=T ( PHYSICAL
/R5G? IS REQUIR$2 T IS 6SAY1 ! EPITONOS
OR BACK-/AY &! %\LD]-S9EWS4 ,O!R S9EWS1
DEVOID ( SPECIFIC DESIGN,N1 >E SITUAT$ 9
! REGION (! FLEXURES (! B"OS2 = ALL !
B"OS T >E ATTA*$ 6"O ANO!R >E B.D TGR
0S9EWS1 &A GRT QUANT;Y ( S9EWS >E PLAC$
9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD ( ALL ! B"OS4 ,ONLY1 0!
WAY1 9 ! H1D "! IS NO S9EW2 B ! H1D IS
HELD TGR 0! SUTURES (! B"OS4
  ,S9EW IS FISSILE L5G?WISE1 B CROSSWISE
X IS N EASILY BROK51 B ADMITS (A 3SID]A#
AM.T ( H>D T5.N4 ,9 3NEXION ) S9EWS A
LIQUID MUCUS IS DEVELOP$1 :ITE &
GLUT9\S1 &! ORGAN1 9 FACT1 IS SU/A9$ 0X
& APPE>S 6BE SUB/ANTI,Y -POS$ ( X4 ,N[1
VE9 MAY 2 SUBMITT$ 6! ACTUAL CAUT]Y1 B
S9EW1 :5 SUBMITT$ 6S* AC;N1 %RIVELS UP
ALT2 &1 IF S9EWS 2 CUT AS"U1 ! S"E$ "PS
W N AG CO"H4 ,A FEEL+ ( NUMB;S IS
9CID5TAL ONLY 6"PS (! FRAME ": S9EW IS
SITUAT$4
  ,"! IS A V EXT5SIVE SY/EM ( S9EWS
3NECT$ S"E,Y )! FEET1 ! H&S1 ! RIBS1 !
%\LD]-BLADES1 ! NECK1 &! >MS4
  ,ALL ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD >E
FURNI%$ ) S9EWS2 B 9 ! CASE ( ANIMALS T
H NO FLEXURES 6_! LIMBS1 B >E1 9 FACT1
DE/ITUTE ( EI FEET OR H&S1 ! S9EWS >E
F9E & 9CONSPICU\S2 & S1 Z MI<T H BE5
ANTICIPAT$1 ! S9EWS 9 ! FI% >E *IEFLY
4C]NI# 9 3NEXION )! F94
                   #F
  ,! 9ES 7OR FIBR\S 3NECTIVE TISSUE7 >E
A "S?+ 9T]M$IATE 2T S9EW & VE94 ,"S ( !M
>E SUPPLI$ ) FLUID1 ! LYMPH2 & !Y PASS F
S9EW 6VE9 & F VE9 6S9EW4 ,"! IS ANO!R
K9D ( 9ES OR FIBRE T IS F.D 9 BLOOD1 B N
9 ! BLOOD ( ALL ANIMALS ALIKE4 ,IF ?
FIBRE 2 LEFT 9 ! BLOOD1 ! BLOOD W
COAGULATE2 IF X 2 REMOV$ OR EXTRACT$1 !
BLOOD IS F.D 6BE 9CAPA# ( COAGUL,N4
,:ILE1 H["E1 ? FIBR\S MATT] IS F.D 9 !
BLOOD (! GRT MAJOR;Y ( ANIMALS1 X IS N
F.D 9 ALL4 ,= 9/.E1 WE FAIL 6F9D X 9 !
BLOOD (! DE]1 ! ROE1 ! ANTELOPE1 & "S
O!R ANIMALS2 &1 [+ 6? DEFICI5CY (!
FIBR\S TISSUE1 ! BLOOD ( ^! ANIMALS DOES
N COAGULATE 6! EXT5T OBS]V$ 9 ! BLOOD (
O!R ANIMALS4 ,! BLOOD (! DE] COAGULATES
6AB ! SAME EXT5T Z T (! H>E3 T IS 6!
BLOOD 9 EI CASE COAGULATES1 B N 96A /IFF
OR JELLY-L SUB/.E1 L ! BLOOD ( ORD9>Y
ANIMALS1 B ONLY 96A FLA3ID 3SI/5CY L T (
MILK : IS N SUBJECT$ 6! AC;N ( R5NET4 ,!
BLOOD (! ANTELOPE ADMITS (A FIRM]
3SI/5CY 9 COAGUL,N2 = 9 ? RESPECT X
RESEM#S1 OR ONLY -ES A LL %ORT (1 !
BLOOD ( %EEP4 ,S* >E ! PROP]TIES ( VE91
S9EW1 & FIBR\S TISSUE4
                   #G
  ,! B"OS 9 ANIMALS >E ALL 3NECT$ ) "O
S+LE B"O1 & >E 9T]CONNECT$1 L ! VE9S1 9
"O UNBROK5 SEQU;E2 & "! IS NO 9/.E (A
B"O /&+ A"P 0XF4 ,9 ALL ANIMALS FURNI%$
) B"OS1 ! SP9E OR BACKB"O IS ! PO9T (
ORIG9 =! 5TIRE OSSE\S SY/EM4 ,! SP9E IS
-POS$ ( V]TEBRAE1 & X EXT5DS F ! H1D D[N
6! LO9S4 ,! V]TEBRAE >E ALL P]=AT$1 &1
ABV1 ! BONY POR;N (! H1D IS 3NECT$ )!
TOPMO/ V]TEBRAE1 & IS DESIGNAT$ !
,8SKULL0'4 ,&! S]RAT$ L9ES ON ! SKULL >E
T]M$ ,8SUTURES0'4
  ,! SKULL IS N =M$ ALIKE 9 ALL ANIMALS4
,9 "S ANIMALS ! SKULL 3SI/S ( "O S+LE
UNDIVID$ B"O1 Z 9 ! CASE (! DOG2 9 O!RS
X IS -POSITE 9 /RUCTURE1 Z 9 MAN2 & 9 !
HUMAN SPECIES ! SUTURE IS CIRCUL> 9 !
FEMALE1 :ILE 9 ! MALE X IS MADE UP (
?REE SEP>ATE SUTURES1 UNIT+ ABV 9 ?REE-
CORN] FA%ION2 & 9/.ES H BE5 "KN (A MAN'S
SKULL 2+ DEVOID ( SUTURE ALT4 ,! SKULL
IS -POS$ N ( F\R B"OS1 B ( SIX2 TWO ( ^!
>E 9 ! REGION (! E>S1 SMALL 9 -P>ISON )!
O!R F\R4 ,F ! SKULL EXT5D ! JAWS1
3/ITUT$ ( B"O4 7,ANIMALS 9 G5]AL MOVE !
L[] JAW2 ! RIV] CROCODILE IS ! ONLY
ANIMAL T MOVES ! UPP] "O47 ,9 ! JAWS IS
! TOO?-SY/EM2 &! TEE? >E 3/ITUT$ ( B"O1
& >E HALF-WAY P]=AT$2 &! B"O 9 "Q IS !
ONLY K9D ( B"O : X IS F.D IMPOSSI#
6GRAVE )A GRAV+ TOOL4
  ,ON ! UPP] "P (! C\RSE (! BACKB"O >E !
COLL>-B"OS &! RIBS4 ,! *E/ RE/S ON RIBS2
& ^! RIBS MEET TGR1 ":AS ! O!RS D N2 =
NO ANIMAL HAS B"O 9 ! REGION (! /OMA*4
,!N -E ! %\LD]-B"OS1 OR BLADE-B"OS1 &!
>M-B"OS 3NECT$ ) ^!1 &! B"OS 9 ! H&S
3NECT$ )! B"OS (! >MS4 ,) ANIMALS T H
=ELEGS1 ! OSSE\S SY/EM (! =ELEG RESEM#S
T (! >M 9 MAN4
  ,2L ! LEVEL (! BACKB"O1 AF ! HAUN*-
B"O1 -ES ! HIP-SOCKET2 !N ! LEG-B"OS1 ^?
9 ! ?I<S & ^? 9 ! %9S1 : >E T]M$ COL5ES
OR LIMB-B"OS1 A "P ( : IS ! ANKLE1 :ILE
A "P (! SAME IS ! S-CALL$ ,8PLECTRUM0' 9
^? CR1TURES T H AN ANKLE2 & 3NECT$ ) ^!
B"OS >E ! B"OS 9 ! FEET4
  ,N[1 ) ALL ANIMALS T >E SUPPLI$ )
BLOOD & FURNI%$ ) FEET1 & >E AT ! SAME
"T VIVIP>\S1 ! B"OS D N DI6] GRTLY "O F
ANO!R1 B ONLY 9 ! WAY ( RELATIVE H>D;S1
S(T;S1 OR MAGNITUDE4 ,A FUR!R DI6];E1 0!
WAY1 IS T 9 "O &! SAME ANIMAL C]TA9 B"OS
>E SUPPLI$ ) M>R[1 :ILE O!RS >E DE/ITUTE
( X4 ,"S ANIMALS MI<T ON CASUAL OBS]V,N
APPE> 6H NO M>R[ :ATSO"E 9 _! B"OS3 Z IS
! CASE )! LION1 [+ 6HIS HAV+ M>R[ ONLY 9
SMALL AM.T1 POOR & ?91 & 9 V FEW B"OS2 =
M>R[ IS F.D 9 8 ?I< & >MB"OS4 ,! B"OS (!
LION >E EXCEP;N,Y H>D2 S H>D1 9 FACT1 T
IF !Y >E RU2$ H>D AG/ "O ANO!R !Y EMIT
SP>KS L FL9T-/"OS4 ,! DOLPH9 HAS B"OS1 &
N FI%-SP9E4
  ,(! O!R ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD1 "S
DI6] B LL1 Z IS ! CASE ) BIRDS2 O!RS H
SY/EMS ANALOG\S1 Z FI%ES2 = VIVIP>\S
FI%ES1 S* Z ! C>TILAG9\S SPECIES1 >E
GRI/LE-SP9$1 :ILE ! OVIP>A H A SP9E :
CORRESPONDS 6! BACKB"O 9 QUADRUP$S4 ,?
EXCEP;NAL PROP]TY HAS BE5 OBS]V$ 9
FI%ES1 T 9 "S ( !M "! >E F.D DELICATE
SP9ES SCATT]$ "H & "! "?\T ! FLE%Y "PS4
,! S]P5T IS SIMIL>LY 3/RUCT$ 6! FI%2 9
O!R ^WS1 8 BACKB"O IS SP9\S4 ,) OVIP>\S
QUADRUP$S1 ! SKELETON (! L>G] "OS IS M
OR LESS OSSE\S2 (! SMALL] "OS1 M OR LESS
SP9\S4 ,B ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS H A
BACKB"O ( EI "O K9D OR O!R3 T IS1 -POS$
EI ( B"O OR ( SP9E4
  ,! O!R POR;NS (! SKELETON >E F.D 9 "S
ANIMALS & N F.D 9 O!RS1 B ! PRES;E OR !
ABS;E ( ? & T "P C>RIES ) X1 Z A MATT] (
C\RSE1 ! PRES;E OR ! ABS;E (! B"OS OR !
SP9ES CORRESPOND+ 6? OR T "P4 ,= ANIMALS
T >E DE/ITUTE ( >MS & LEGS _C 2 FURNI%$
) LIMB-B"OS3 & 9 L MANN] ) ANIMALS T H !
SAME "PS1 B YET H !M UNLIKE 9 =M2 = 9 ^!
ANIMALS ! CORRESPOND+ B"OS DI6] F "O
ANO!R 9 ! WAY ( RELATIVE EXCESS OR
RELATIVE DEFECT1 OR 9 ! WAY ( ANALOGY
TAK+ ! PLACE ( ID5T;Y4 ,S M* =! OSSE\S
OR SP9\S SY/EMS 9 ANIMALS4
                   #H
  ,GRI/LE IS (! SAME NATURE Z B"O1 B
DI6]S F X 9 ! WAY ( RELATIVE EXCESS OR
RELATIVE DEFECT4 ,& J L B"O1 C>TILAGE
AL1 IF CUT1 DOES N GR[ AG4 ,9 T]RE/RIAL
VIVIP>\S SANGU9EA ! GRI/LE =M,NS >E
UNP]=AT$1 & "! IS NO M>R[ 9 !M Z "! IS 9
B"OS2 9 ! SELA*IA1 H["E--=1 2 X OBS]V$1
!Y >E GRI/LE-SP9$--"! IS F.D 9 ! CASE (!
FLAT SPACE 9 ! REGION (! BACKB"O1 A
GRI/LE-L SUB/.E ANALOG\S 6B"O1 & 9 ?
GRI/LE-L SUB/.E "! IS A LIQUID RESEMBL+
M>R[4 ,9 VIVIP>\S ANIMALS FURNI%$ )
FEET1 GRI/LE =M,NS >E F.D 9 ! REGION (!
E>S1 9 ! NO/RILS1 & >.D C]TA9
EXTREMITIES (! B"OS4
                   #I
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "! >E "PS ( O!R K9DS1 NEI
ID5TICAL )1 NOR ALT DIV]SE F1 ! "PS ABV
ENUM]AT$3 S* Z NAILS1 HOOVES1 CLAWS1 &
HORNS2 & AL1 0! WAY1 B1KS1 S* Z BIRDS >E
FURNI%$ )-ALL 9 ! S"EAL ANIMALS T >E
FURNI%$ "!)AL4 ,ALL ^! "PS >E FLEXI# &
FISSILE2 B B"O IS NEI FLEXI# NOR
FISSILE1 B FRANGI#4
  ,&! COL\RS ( HORNS & NAILS & CLAW &
HO( FOLL[ ! COL\R (! SK9 &! HAIR4 ,= AC
Z ! SK9 ( AN ANIMAL IS BLACK1 OR :ITE1
OR ( M$IUM HUE1 S >E ! HORNS1 ! CLAWS1
OR ! HOOVES1 Z ! CASE MAY BE1 ( HUE
6MAT*4 ,& X IS ! SAME ) NAILS4 ,! TEE?1
H["E1 FOLL[ AF ! B"OS4 ,?US 9 BLACK M51
S* Z ! ,AE?IOPIANS &! L1 ! TEE? & B"OS
>E :ITE1 B ! NAILS >E BLACK1 L ! :OLE (!
SK94
  ,HORNS 9 G5]AL >E HOLL[ AT _! PO9T (
ATTA*;T 6! B"O : JUTS \ F ! H1D 9SIDE !
HORN1 B !Y H A SOLID POR;N AT ! TIP1 &
!Y >E SIMPLE & UNDIVID$ 9 /RUCTURE4 ,9 !
CASE (! /AG AL"O ( ALL ANIMALS ! HORNS
>E SOLID "?\T1 & RAMIFY 96BRAN*ES 7OR
ANTL]S74 ,&1 ":AS NO O!R ANIMAL IS "KN
6%$ XS HORNS1 ! DE] %$S XS HORNS ANNU,Y1
UN.S X HAS BE5 CA/RAT$2 &) REG>D 6!
E6ECTS ( CA/R,N 9 ANIMALS WE % H M* 6SAY
"HAF4 ,HORNS ATTA* R 6! SK9 ?AN 6! B"O2
: W A3.T =! FACT T "! >E F.D 9 ,PHRYGIA
& ELSE": CATTLE T C MOVE _! HORNS Z
FREELY Z _! E>S4
  ,( ANIMALS FURNI%$ ) NAILS-&1 0! WAY1
ALL ANIMALS H NAILS T H TOES1 & TOES T H
FEET1 EXCEPT ! ELEPHANT2 &! ELEPHANT HAS
TOES UNDIVID$ & SLI<TLY >TICULAT$1 B HAS
NO NAILS :ATSO"E--( ANIMALS FURNI%$ )
NAILS1 "S >E /RAI<T-NAIL$1 L MAN2 O!RS
>E CROOK$ NAIL$1 Z ! LION AM;G ANIMALS T
WALK1 &! EAGLE AM;G ANIMALS T FLY4
                  #AJ
  ,! FOLL[+ >E ! PROP]TIES ( HAIR &( "PS
ANALOG\S 6HAIR1 &( SK9 OR HIDE4 ,ALL
VIVIP>\S ANIMALS FURNI%$ ) FEET H HAIR2
ALL OVIP>\S ANIMALS FURNI%$ ) FEET H
HORN-L TESSELLATES2 FI%ES1 & FI%ES ONLY1
H SCALES-T IS1 S* OVIP>\S FI%ES Z H !
CRUMBL+ EGG OR ROE4 ,=(! LANKY FI%ES1 !
3G] HAS NO S* EGG1 NOR ! MURAENA1 &! EEL
HAS NO EGG AT ALL4
  ,! HAIR DI6]S 9 ! WAY ( ?ICK;S &
F9E;S1 &( L5G?1 AC 6! LOCAL;Y (! "P 9 :
X IS F.D1 & AC 6! QUAL;Y ( SK9 OR HIDE
ON : X GR[S4 ,=1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 ! ?ICK]
! HIDE1 ! H>D] &! ?ICK] IS ! HAIR2 &!
HAIR IS 9CL9$ 6GR[ 9 ABUND.E & 6A GRT
L5G? 9 LOCALITIES (! BODIES HOLL[ &
MOI/1 IF ! LOCALITIES 2 FITT$ =! GR[? (
HAIR AT ALL4 ,! FACTS >E SIMIL> 9 ! CASE
( ANIMALS :E!R COAT$ ) SCALES OR )
TESSELLATES4 ,) S(T-HAIR$ ANIMALS ! HAIR
GETS H>D] ) GD FE$+1 &) H>D-HAIR$ OR
BRI/LY ANIMALS X GETS S(T] & SCANTI] F !
SAME CAUSE4 ,HAIR DI6]S 9 QUAL;Y AL AC
6! RELATIVE H1T OR W>M? (! LOCAL;Y3 J Z
! HAIR 9 MAN IS H>D 9 W>M PLACES & S(T 9
COLD "OS4 ,AG1 /RAI<T HAIR IS 9CL9$ 6BE
S(T1 & CURLY HAIR 6BE BRI/LY4

                  #AA
  ,HAIR IS NATUR,Y FISSILE1 & 9 ?
RESPECT X DI6]S 9 DEGREE 9 DIV]SE
ANIMALS4 ,9 "S ANIMALS ! HAIR GOES ON
GRADU,Y H>D5+ 96BRI/LE UNTIL X NO L;G]
RESEM#S HAIR B SP9E1 Z 9 ! CASE (!
H$GEHOG4 ,& 9 L MANN] )! NAILS2 = 9 "S
ANIMALS ! NAIL DI6]S Z REG>DS SOLID;Y 9
NO WAY F B"O4
  ,( ALL ANIMALS MAN HAS ! MO/ DELICATE
SK93 T IS1 IF WE TAKE 963SID],N 8
RELATIVE SIZE4 ,9 ! SK9 OR HIDE ( ALL
ANIMALS "! IS A MUC\S LIQUID1 SCANTY 9
"S ANIMALS & PL5TI;L 9 O!RS1 Z1 = 9/.E1
9 ! HIDE (! OX2 = M5 MANUFACTURE GLUE \
( X4 7,&1 0! WAY1 9 "S CASES GLUE IS
MANUFACTUR$ F FI%ES AL47 ,! SK91 :5 CUT1
IS 9 XF DEVOID ( S5S,N2 & ? IS ESPECI,Y
! CASE )! SK9 ON ! H1D1 [+ 6"! 2+ NO
FLE% 2T X &! SKULL4 ,& :]"E ! SK9 IS Q
0XF1 IF X 2 CUT AS"U1 X DOES N GR[ TGR
AG1 Z IS SE5 9 ! ?9 "P (! JAW1 9 !
PREPUCE1 &! EYELID4 ,9 ALL ANIMALS ! SK9
IS "O (! "PS T EXT5DS 3T9U\S & UNBROK51
& X -ES 6A /OP ONLY ": ! NATURAL DUCTS
P\R \ _! 3T5TS1 & AT ! M\? & NAILS4
  ,ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 !N1 H SK92 B N
ALL S* ANIMALS H HAIR1 SAVE ONLY "U !
CIRCUM/.ES DESCRIB$ ABV4 ,! HAIR *ANGES
XS COL\R Z ANIMALS GR[ OLD1 & 9 MAN X
TURNS :ITE OR GREY4 ,) ANIMALS1 9 G5]AL1
! *ANGE TAKES PLACE1 B N V OBVI\SLY1 OR
N S OBVI\SLY Z 9 ! CASE (! HORSE4 ,HAIR
TURNS GREY F ! PO9T BACKW>DS 6! ROOTS4
,B1 9 ! MAJOR;Y ( CASES1 GREY HAIRS >E
:ITE F ! 2G9N+2 & ? IS A PRO( T GREY;S (
HAIR DOES N1 Z "S 2LIEVE 6BE ! CASE1
IMPLY )]+ OR DECREPITUDE1 = NO "P IS
BR"\ 96EXI/;E 9 A )]$ OR DECREPIT 3DI;N4
  ,9 ! ERUPTIVE MALADY CALL$ ! :ITE-
SICK;S ALL ! HAIRS GET GREY2 & 9/.ES H
BE5 "KN ": ! HAIR 2CAME GREY :ILE !
PATI5TS 7 ILL (! MALADY1 ":AS ! GREY
HAIRS %$ (F & BLACK "OS REPLAC$ !M ON _!
RECOV]Y4 7,HAIR IS M APT 6TURN GREY :5 X
IS KEPT COV]$ ?AN :5 EXPOS$ 6! AC;N (!
\T] AIR47 ,9 M51 ! HAIR OV] ! TEMPLES IS
! F/ 6TURN GREY1 &! HAIR 9 ! FRONT GR[S
GREY SOON] ?AN ! HAIR AT ! BACK2 &! HAIR
ON ! PUBES IS ! LA/ 6*ANGE COL\R4
  ,"S HAIRS >E 3G5ITAL1 O!RS GR[ AF !
MATUR;Y (! ANIMAL2 B ? O3URS 9 MAN ONLY4
,! 3G5ITAL HAIRS >E ON ! H1D1 ! EYELIDS1
&! EYEBR[S2 (! LAT] GR[?S ! HAIRS ON !
PUBES >E ! F/ 6-E1 !N ^? "U ! >MPITS1 &1
?IRDLY1 ^? ON ! *92 =1 S+UL>LY 5\<1 !
REGIONS ": 3G5ITAL GR[?S &! SUBSEQU5T
GR[?S >E F.D >E EQUAL 9 NUMB]4 ,! HAIR
ON ! H1D GR[S SCANTY & %$S \ 6A GRT]
EXT5T & SOON] ?AN ALL ! RE/4 ,B ? REM>K
APPLIES ONLY 6HAIR 9 FRONT2 = NO MAN "E
GETS BALD AT ! BACK ( 8 H1D4 ,SMOO?;S ON
! TOP (! H1D IS T]M$ ,8BALD;S0'1 B
SMOO?;S ON ! EYEBR[S IS DENOT$ 0A
SPECIAL T]M : M1NS ,8=EH1D-BALD;S0'2 &
NEI ( ^! 3DI;NS ( BALD;S SUP]V5ES 9 A
MAN UNTIL HE % H -E "U ! 9FLU;E ( SEXUAL
PAS.N4 ,= NO BOY "E GETS BALD1 NO WOMAN1
& NO CA/RAT$ MAN4 ,9 FACT1 IF A MAN 2
CA/RAT$ 2F R1*+ PUB]TY1 ! LAT] GR[?S (
HAIR N"E -E AT ALL2 &1 IF ! OP],N TAKE
PLACE SUBSEQU5TLY1 ! AFGR[?S1 & ^! ONLY1
%$ (F2 OR1 R1 TWO (! GR[?S %$ (F1 B N T
ON ! PUBES4
  ,WOM5 D N GR[ HAIRS ON ! *92 EXCEPT T
A SCANTY BE>D GR[S ON "S WOM5 AF !
MON?LY C\RSES H /OPP$2 & SIMIL> PH5OM5ON
IS OBS]V$ AT "TS 9 PRIE/ESSES 9 ,C>IA1 B
^! CASES >E LOOK$ ^U Z PORT5T\S ) REG>D
6-+ EV5TS4 ,! O!R AF-GR[?S >E F.D 9
WOM51 B M SCANTY & SP>SE4 ,M5 & WOM5 >E
AT "TS BORN 3/ITU;N,Y & 3G5IT,Y 9CAPA# (
! AF-GR[?S2 & 9DIVIDUALS T >E DE/ITUTE
EV5 (! GR[? ^U ! PUBES >E 3/ITU;N,Y
IMPOT5T4
  ,HAIR Z A RULE GR[S M OR LESS 9 L5G? Z
! WE>] GR[S 9 AGE2 *IEFLY ! HAIR ON !
H1D1 !N T 9 ! BE>D1 & F9E HAIR GR[S
L;GE/ ( ALL4 ,) "S P Z !Y GR[ OLD !
EYEBR[S GR[ ?ICK]1 6S* AN EXT5T T !Y H
6BE CUT (F2 & ? GR[? IS [+ 6! FACT T !
EYEBR[S >E SITUAT$ AT A 3JUNCTURE (
B"OS1 & ^! B"OS1 Z AGE -ES ON1 DRAW A"P
& EXUDE A GRADUAL 9CR1SE ( MOI/URE OR
RHEUM4 ,! EYELA%ES D N GR[ 9 SIZE1 B !Y
%$ :5 ! WE>] -ES F/ "U ! 9FLU;E ( SEXUAL
FEEL+S1 & %$ ALL ! QK] Z ? 9FLU;E IS ! M
P[];L2 & ^! >E ! LA/ HAIRS 6GR[ GREY4
  ,HAIRS IF PLUCK$ \ 2F MATUR;Y GR[ AG2
B !Y D N GR[ AG IF PLUCK$ \ AFWS4 ,E
HAIR IS SUPPLI$ )A MUC\S MOI/URE AT XS
ROOT1 & IMMLY AF 2+ PLUCK$ \ X C LIFT
LI<T >TICLES IF X T\* !M ) ? MUCUS4
  ,ANIMALS T ADMIT ( DIV]S;Y ( COL\R 9 !
HAIR ADMIT (A SIMIL> DIV]S;Y 6/>T ) 9 !
SK9 & 9 ! CUTICLE (! T;GUE4
  ,9 "S CASES AM;G M5 ! UPP] LIP &! *9
IS ?ICKLY COV]$ ) HAIR1 & 9 O!R CASES ^!
"PS >E SMOO? &! *EEKS >E HAIRY2 &1 0!
WAY1 SMOO?-*9N$ M5 >E LESS 9CL9$ ?AN
BE>D$ M5 6BALD;S4
  ,! HAIR IS 9CL9$ 6GR[ 9 C]TA9 41SES1
ESPECI,Y 9 3SUMP;N1 & 9 OLD AGE1 & AF
D1?2 & "U ^! CIRCUM/.ES ! HAIR H>D5S
3COMITANTLY ) XS GR[?1 &! SAME DUPLICATE
PH5OM5ON IS OBS]VA# 9 RESPECT (! NAILS4
  ,9 ! CASE ( M5 ( /R;G SEXUAL PAS.NS !
3G5ITAL HAIRS %$ ! SOON]1 :ILE ! HAIRS (
! AF-GR[?S >E ! QK] 6-E4 ,:5 M5 >E
A6LICT$ ) V>ICOSE VE9S !Y >E LESS 9CL9$
6TAKE ON BALD;S2 & IF !Y 2 BALD :5 !Y
2COME ?US A6LICT$1 !Y H A T5D5CY 6GET _!
HAIR AG4
  ,IF A HAIR 2 CUT1 X DOES N GR[ AT !
PO9T ( SEC;N2 B X GETS L;G] 0GR[+ UPW>D
F 2L4 ,9 FI%ES ! SCALES GR[ H>D] & ?ICK]
) AGE1 & :5 ! AMIMAL GETS EMACIAT$ OR IS
GR[+ OLD ! SCALES GR[ H>D]4 ,9 QUADRUP$S
Z !Y GR[ OLD ! HAIR 9 "S &! WOOL 9 O!RS
GETS DEEP] B SCANTI] 9 AM.T3 &! HOOVES
OR CLAWS GET L>G] 9 SIZE2 &! SAME IS !
CASE )! B1KS ( BIRDS4 ,! CLAWS AL 9CR1SE
9 SIZE1 Z D AL ! NAILS4
                  #AB
  ,) REG>D 6W+$ ANIMALS1 S* Z BIRDS1 NO
CR1TURE IS LIA# 6*ANGE ( COL\R 0R1SON (
AGE1 EXCEPT+ ! CRANE4 ,! W+S ( ? BIRD >E
A%-COL\R$ AT F/1 B Z X GR[S OLD ! W+S
GET BLACK4 ,AG1 [+ 6SPECIAL CLIMATIC
9FLU;ES1 Z :5 UNUSUAL FRO/ PREVAILS1 A
*ANGE IS "S"TS OBS]V$ 6TAKE PLACE 9
BIRDS ^: PLUMAGE IS ( "O UNI=M COL\R2
?US1 BIRDS T H DUSKY OR D[N"R BLACK
PLUMAGE TURN :ITE OR GREY1 Z ! RAV51 !
SP>R[1 &! SWALL[2 B NO CASE HAS "E YET
BE5 "KN (A *ANGE ( COL\R F :ITE 6BLACK4
7,FUR!R1 MO/ BIRDS *ANGE ! COL\R ( _!
PLUMAGE AT DI6]5T S1SONS (! YE>1 S M* S
T A MAN IGNORANT ( _! HABITS MI<T 2
MISTAK5 Z 6_! ID5T;Y47 ,"S ANIMALS *ANGE
! COL\R ( _! HAIR )A *ANGE 9 _! DR9K+-
WAT]1 = 9 "S C.TRIES ! SAME SPECIES (
ANIMAL IS F.D :ITE 9 "O 4TRICT & BLACK 9
ANO!R4 ,& 9 REG>D 6! -M]CE (! SEXES1
WAT] 9 _M PLACES IS ( S* PECULI> QUAL;Y
T RAMS1 IF !Y H 9T]C\RSE )! FEMALE AF
DR9K+ X1 2GET BLACK LAMBS1 Z IS ! CASE )
! WAT] (! ,PSY*RUS 7S-CALL$ F XS
COLD;S71 A RIV] 9 ! 4TRICT ( ,ASSYRITIS
9 ! ,*ALCIDIC ,P59SULA1 ON ! COA/ (
,?RACE2 & 9 ,ANT&RIA "! >E TWO RIV]S ( :
"O MAKES ! LAMBS :ITE &! O!R BLACK4 ,!
RIV] ,SCAM&] AL HAS ! REPUT,N ( MAK+
LAMBS YELL[1 & T IS ! R1SON1 !Y SAY1 :Y
,HOM] DESIGNATES X ! ,8,YELL[ ,RIV]40'
,ANIMALS Z A G5]AL RULE H NO HAIR ON _!
9T]NAL SURFACES1 &1 9 REG>D 6_!
EXTREMITIES1 !Y H HAIR ON ! UPP]1 B N ON
! L[] SIDE4
  ,! H>E1 OR DASYPOD1 IS ! ONLY ANIMAL
"KN 6H HAIR 9SIDE XS M\? & "UN1? XS
FEET4 ,FUR!R1 ! S-CALL$ M\SE:ALE 9/1D (
TEE? HAS HAIRS 9 XS M\? RESEMBL+ PIGS'
BRI/LES4
  ,HAIRS AF 2+ CUT GR[ AT ! BOTTOM B N
AT ! TOP2 IF F1!RS 2 CUT (F1 !Y GR[ NEI
AT TOP NOR BOTTOM1 B %$ & FALL \4
,FUR!R1 ! BEE'S W+ W N GR[ AG AF 2+
PLUCK$ (F1 NOR W ! W+ ( ANY CR1TURE T
HAS UNDIVID$ W+S4 ,NEI W ! /+ GR[ AG IF
! BEE LOSE X1 B ! CR1TURE W DIE (! LOSS4
                  #AC
  ,9 ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS MEMBRANES >E
F.D4 ,& MEMBRANE RESEM#S A ?9 CLOSE-
TEXTUR$ SK91 B XS QUALITIES >E DI6]5T1 Z
X ADMITS NEI ( CL1VAGE NOR ( EXT5.N4
,MEMBRANE 5VELOPS EA* "O (! B"OS & EA*
"O (! VISC]A1 BO? 9 ! L>G] &! SMALL]
ANIMALS2 ?\< 9 ! SMALL] ANIMALS !
MEMBRANES >E 9DISC]NI# F _! EXTREME
T5U;Y & M9UTE;S4 ,! L>GE/ ( ALL !
MEMBRANES >E ! TWO T SURR.D ! BRA91 &(
^! TWO ! "O T L9ES ! BONY SKULL IS /R;G]
& ?ICK] ?AN ! "O T 5VELOPS ! BRA92 NEXT
9 ORD] ( MAGNITUDE -ES ! MEMBRANE T
5CLOSES ! HE>T4 ,IF MEMBRANE 2 B>$ & CUT
AS"U X W N GR[ TGR AG1 &! B"O ?US /RIPP$
( XS MEMBRANE MORTIFIES4
                  #AD
  ,! O;TUM OR CAUL1 0! WAY1 IS MEMBRANE4
,ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS >E FURNI%$ ) ?
ORGAN2 B 9 "S ANIMALS ! ORGAN IS SUPPLI$
) FAT1 & 9 O!RS X IS DEVOID ( X4 ,!
O;TUM HAS BO? XS />T+-PO9T & XS ATTA*;T1
) AMBID5TAL VIVIP>A1 9 ! C5TRE (! /OMA*1
": ! /OMA* HAS A K9D ( SUTURE2 9 NON-
AMBID5TAL VIVIP>A X HAS XS />T+-PO9T &
ATTA*;T 9 ! *IEF (! RUM9AT+ /OMA*S4
                  #AE
  ,! BLA4] AL IS (! NATURE ( MEMBRANE1 B
( MEMBRANE PECULI> 9 K9D1 = X IS
EXT5SILE4 ,! ORGAN IS N -MON 6ALL
ANIMALS1 B1 :ILE X IS F.D 9 ALL !
VIVIP>A1 ! TORTOISE IS ! ONLY OVIP>\S
ANIMAL T IS FURNI%$ "!)AL4 ,! BLA4]1 L
ORD9>Y MEMBRANE1 IF CUT AS"U W N GR[ TGR
AG1 UN.S ! SEC;N 2 J AT ! -M;E;T (!
URE?RA3 EXCEPT 9DE$ 9 V R>E CASES1 =
9/.ES ( H1L+ H BE5 "KN 6O3UR4 ,AF D1?1 !
ORGAN PASSES NO LIQUID EXCRE;N2 B 9
LIFE1 9 A4I;N 6! NORMAL LIQUID EXCRE;N1
X PASSES AT "TS DRY EXCRE;N AL1 : TURNS
96/"OS 9 ! CASE ( SU6]]S F T MALADY4
,9DE$1 9/.ES H BE5 "KN ( 3CRE;NS 9 !
BLA4] S %AP$ Z CLOSELY 6RESEM#
COCKLE%ELLS4
  ,S* >E ! PROP]TIES1 !N1 ( VE91 S9EW &
SK91 ( FIBRE & MEMBRANE1 ( HAIR1 NAIL1
CLAW & HO(1 ( HORNS1 ( TEE?1 ( B1K1 (
GRI/LE1 ( B"OS1 &( "PS T >E ANALOG\S
6ANY (! "PS "H ENUM]AT$4
                  #AF
  ,FLE%1 & T : IS 0NATURE AK9 6X 9
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 IS 9 ALL CASES
SITUAT$ 9 2T ! SK9 &! B"O1 OR ! SUB/.E
ANALOG\S 6B"O2 = J Z SP9E IS A C.T]"P (
B"O1 S IS ! FLE%-L SUB/.E ( ANIMALS T >E
3/RUCT$ A SP9\S SY/EM ! C.T]"P (! FLE% (
ANIMALS 3/RUCT$ ON AN OSSE\S "O4
  ,FLE% C 2 DIVID$ AS"U 9 ANY DIREC;N1 N
L5G?WISE ONLY Z IS ! CASE ) S9EW & VE94
,:5 ANIMALS >E SUBJECT$ 6EMACI,N ! FLE%
4APPE>S1 &! CR1TURES 2COME A MASS ( VE9S
& FIBRES2 :5 !Y >E OV] F$1 FAT TAKES !
PLACE ( FLE%4 ,": ! FLE% IS ABUNDANT 9
AN ANIMAL1 XS VE9S >E "S:AT SMALL &!
BLOOD ABNORM,Y R$2 ! VISC]A AL &! /OMA*
>E DIM9UTIVE2 ":AS ) ANIMALS ^: VE9S >E
L>GE ! BLOOD IS "S:AT BLACK1 ! VISC]A &!
/OMA* >E L>GE1 &! FLE% IS "S:AT SCANTY4
,& ANIMALS ) SMALL /OMA*S >E 4POS$ 6TAKE
ON FLE%4
                  #AG
  ,AG1 FAT & SUET DI6] F "O ANO!R4 ,SUET
IS FRANGI# 9 ALL DIREC;NS & 3G1LS IF
SUBJECT$ 6EXTREME COLD1 ":AS FAT C MELT
B _C FREEZE OR 3G1L2 & S\PS MADE (! FLE%
( ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) FAT D N 3G1L OR
COAGULATE1 Z IS F.D ) HORSE-FLE% & PORK2
B S\PS MADE F ! FLE% ( ANIMALS SUPPLI$ )
SUET D COAGULATE1 Z IS SE5 ) MUTTON &
GOAT'S FLE%4 ,FUR!R1 FAT & SUET DI6] Z
6_! LOCALITIES3 = FAT IS F.D 2T ! SK9 &
FLE%1 B SUET IS F.D ONLY AT ! LIMIT (!
FLE%Y "PS4 ,AL1 9 ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) FAT
! O;TUM OR CAUL IS SUPPLI$ ) FAT1 & X IS
SUPPLI$ ) SUET 9 ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) SUET4
,MOREOV]1 AMBID5TAL ANIMALS >E SUPPLI$ )
FAT1 & NON-AMBID5TALS ) SUET4
  ,(! VISC]A ! LIV] 9 "S ANIMALS 2COMES
FATTY1 Z1 AM;G FI%ES1 IS ! CASE )!
SELA*IA1 0! MELT+ ( ^: LIV]S AN OIL IS
MANUFACTUR$4 ,^! C>TILAG9\S FI% !MVS H
NO FREE FAT AT ALL 9 3NEXION )! FLE% OR
)! /OMA*4 ,! SUET 9 FI% IS FATTY1 & DOES
N SOLIDIFY OR 3G1L4 ,ALL ANIMALS >E
FURNI%$ ) FAT1 EI 9T]M+L$ ) _! FLE%1 OR
A"P4 ,S* Z H NO FREE OR SEP>ATE FAT >E
LESS FAT ?AN O!RS 9 /OMA* & O;TUM1 Z !
EEL2 = X HAS ONLY A SCANTY SUPPLY ( SUET
AB ! O;TUM4 ,MO/ ANIMALS TAKE ON FAT 9 !
BELLY1 ESPECI,Y S* ANIMALS Z >E LL 9
MO;N4
  ,! BRA9S ( ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) FAT >E
OILY1 Z 9 ! PIG2 ( ANIMALS SUPPLI$ )
SUET1 P>*$ & DRY4 ,B X IS AB ! KIDNEYS M
?AN ANY O!R VISC]A T ANIMALS >E 9CL9$
6TAKE ON FAT2 &! "R KIDNEY IS ALW LESS
SUPPLI$ ) FAT ?AN ! LEFT KIDNEY1 &1 2 !
TWO KIDNEYS "E S FAT1 "! IS ALW A SPACE
DEVOID ( FAT 9 2T ! TWO4 ,ANIMALS
SUPPLI$ ) SUET >E SPECI,Y APT 6H X AB !
KIDNEYS1 & ESPECI,Y ! %EEP2 = ? ANIMAL
IS APT 6DIE F XS KIDNEYS 2+ 5TIRELY
5VELOP$4 ,FAT OR SUET AB ! KIDNEY IS
SUP]9DUC$ 0OV]FE$+1 Z IS F.D AT ,LEONT9I
9 ,SICILY2 & 3SEQU5TLY 9 ? 4TRICT !Y
DEF] DRIV+ \ %EEP 6PA/URE UNTIL ! "D IS
WELL ON1 )! VIEW ( LIMIT+ _! FOOD
0CURTAIL;T (! H\RS ( PA/URE4
                  #AH
  ,! "P >.D ! PUPIL (! EYE IS FATTY 9
ALL ANIMALS1 & ? "P RESEM#S SUET 9 ALL
ANIMALS T POSSESS S* A "P & T >E N
FURNI%$ ) H>D EYES4
  ,FAT ANIMALS1 :E!R MALE OR FEMALE1 >E
M OR LESS UNFITT$ = BRE$+ PURPOSES4
,ANIMALS >E 4POS$ 6TAKE ON FAT M :5 OLD
?AN :5 "Y1 & ESPECI,Y :5 !Y H ATTA9$ _!
FULL BR1D? & _! FULL L5G? & >E 2G9N+
6GR[ DEP?WAYS4
                  #AI
  ,& N[ 6PROCE$ 6! 3SID],N (! BLOOD4 ,9
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS BLOOD IS ! MO/
UNIV]SAL &! MO/ 9DISP5SA# "P2 & X IS N
AN ACQUIR$ OR ADV5TITI\S "P1 B X IS A
3SUB/ANTIAL "P ( ALL ANIMALS T >E N
CORRUPT OR MORIBUND4 ,ALL BLOOD IS 3TA9$
9 A VASCUL> SY/EM1 6WIT1 ! VE9S1 & IS
F.D NO": ELSE1 EXCEPT+ 9 ! HE>T4 ,BLOOD
IS N S5SITIVE 6T\* 9 ANY ANIMAL1 ANY M
?AN ! EXCRE;NS (! /OMA*2 &! CASE IS
SIMIL> )! BRA9 &! M>R[4 ,:5 FLE% IS
LAC]AT$1 BLOOD EXUDES1 IF ! ANIMAL 2
ALIVE & UN.S ! FLE% 2 GANGR5$4 ,BLOOD 9
A H1L?Y 3DI;N IS NATUR,Y SWEET 6! TA/E1
& R$ 9 COL\R1 BLOOD T DET]IORATES F
NATURAL DECAY OR F 41SE M OR LESS BLACK4
,BLOOD AT XS BE/1 2F X "UGOES DET]IOR,N
F EI NATURAL DECAY OR F 41SE1 IS NEI V
?ICK NOR V ?94 ,9 ! LIV+ ANIMAL X IS ALW
LIQUID & W>M1 B1 ON ISSU+ F ! BODY1 X
COAGULATES 9 ALL CASES EXCEPT 9 ! CASE (
! DE]1 ! ROE1 &! L ANIMALS2 =1 Z A G5]AL
RULE1 BLOOD COAGULATES UN.S ! FIBRES 2
EXTRACT$4 ,BULL'S BLOOD IS ! QKE/
6COAGULATE4
  ,ANIMALS T >E 9T]N,Y & EXT]N,Y
VIVIP>\S >E M ABUNDANTLY SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD
?AN ! SANGU9E\S OVIP>A4 ,ANIMALS T >E 9
GD 3DI;N1 EI F NATURAL CAUSES OR F _!
H1L? HAV+ BE5 ATT5D$ TO1 H ! BLOOD NEI
TOO ABUNDANT-Z CR1TURES J AF DR9K+ H !
LIQUID 9SIDE !M 9 ABUND.E-NOR AG V
SCANTY1 Z IS ! CASE ) ANIMALS :5
EXCE$+LY FAT4 ,= ANIMALS 9 ? 3DI;N H
PURE BLOOD1 B V LL ( X1 &! FATT] AN
ANIMAL GETS ! LESS 2COMES XS SUPPLY (
BLOOD2 = :ATSO"E IS FAT IS DE/ITUTE (
BLOOD4
  ,A FAT SUB/.E IS 9CORRUPTI#1 B BLOOD &
ALL ?+S 3TA9+ X CORRUPT RAPIDLY1 & ?
PROP]TY "*IZES ESPECI,Y ALL "PS 3NECT$ )
! B"OS4 ,BLOOD IS F9E/ & PURE/ 9 MAN2 &
?ICKE/ & BLACKE/ 9 ! BULL &! ASS1 ( ALL
VIVIP>A4 ,9 ! L[] &! HI<] "PS (! BODY
BLOOD IS ?ICK] & BLACK] ?AN 9 ! C5TRAL
"PS4
  ,BLOOD B1TS OR PALPITATES 9 ! VE9S (
ALL ANIMALS ALIKE ALL OV] _! BODIES1 &
BLOOD IS ! ONLY LIQUID T P]M1TES ! 5TIRE
FRAMES ( LIV+ ANIMALS1 )\T EXCEP;N & AT
ALL "TS1 Z L;G Z LIFE LA/S4 ,BLOOD IS
DEVELOP$ F/ ( ALL 9 ! HE>T ( ANIMALS 2F
! BODY IS DI6]5TIAT$ Z A :OLE4 ,IF BLOOD
2 REMOV$ OR IF X ESCAPE 9 ANY 3SID]A#
QUANT;Y1 ANIMALS FALL 96A FA9T OR SWOON2
IF X 2 REMOV$ OR IF X ESCAPE 9 AN
EXCE$+LY L>GE QUANT;Y !Y DIE4 ,IF !
BLOOD GET EXCE$+LY LIQUID1 ANIMALS FALL
SICK2 =! BLOOD !N TURNS 96"S?+ L I*OR1
OR A LIQUID S ?9 T X AT "TS HAS BE5 "KN
6EXUDE "? ! PORES L SW1T4 ,9 "S CASES
BLOOD1 :5 ISSU+ F ! VE9S1 DOES N
COAGULATE AT ALL1 OR ONLY "H & "!4 ,:IL/
ANIMALS >E SLEEP+ ! BLOOD IS LESS
ABUNDANTLY SUPPLI$ NE> ! EXT]IOR
SURFACES1 S T1 IF ! SLEEP+ CR1TURE 2
PRICK$ )A P91 ! BLOOD DOES N ISSUE Z
COPI\SLY Z X WD IF ! CR1TURE 7 AWAKE4
,BLOOD IS DEVELOP$ \ ( I*OR 0COC;N1 &
FAT 9 L MANN] \ ( BLOOD4 ,IF ! BLOOD GET
41S$1 HAEMORRHOIDS MAY 5SUE 9 ! NO/RIL
OR AT ! ANUS1 OR ! VE9S MAY 2COME
V>ICOSE4 ,BLOOD1 IF X CORRUPT 9 ! BODY1
HAS A T5D5CY 6TURN 96PUS1 & PUS MAY TURN
96A SOLID 3CRE;N4
  ,BLOOD 9 ! FEMALE DI6]S F T 9 ! MALE1
=1 SUPPOS+ ! MALE & FEMALE 6BE ON A P> Z
REG>DS AGE & G5]AL H1L?1 ! BLOOD 9 !
FEMALE IS ?ICK] & BLACK] ?AN 9 ! MALE2 &
)! FEMALE "! IS A -P>ATIVE SUP]ABUND.E (
X 9 ! 9T]IOR4 ,( ALL FEMALE ANIMALS !
FEMALE 9 MAN IS ! MO/ RI*LY SUPPLI$ )
BLOOD1 &( ALL FEMALE ANIMALS ! M5/RU\S
4*>GES >E ! MO/ COPI\S 9 WOMAN4 ,! BLOOD
( ^! 4*>GES "U 41SE TURNS 96FLUX4 ,A"P F
! M5/RUAL 4*>GES1 ! FEMALE 9 ! HUMAN
SPECIES IS LESS SUBJECT 641SES (! BLOOD
?AN ! MALE4
  ,WOM5 >E SELDOM A6LICT$ ) V>ICOSE
VE9S1 ) HAEMORRHOIDS1 OR ) BLE$+ AT !
NOSE1 &1 IF ANY ( ^! MALADIES SUP]V5E1 !
M5SES >E IMP]FECTLY 4*>G$4
  ,BLOOD DI6]S 9 QUANT;Y & APPE>.E AC
6AGE2 9 V "Y ANIMALS X RESEM#S I*OR & IS
ABUNDANT1 9 ! OLD X IS ?ICK & BLACK &
SC>CE1 & 9 MI4LE-AG$ ANIMALS XS
QUALITIES >E 9T]M$IATE4 ,9 OLD ANIMALS !
BLOOD COAGULATES RAPIDLY1 EV5 BLOOD AT !
SURFACE (! BODY2 B ? IS N ! CASE ) "Y
ANIMALS4 ,I*OR IS1 9 FACT1 NO?+ ELSE B
UNCONCOCT$ BLOOD3 EI BLOOD T HAS N YET
BE5 3COCT$1 OR T HAS 2COME FLUID AG4
                  #BJ
  ,WE N[ PROCE$ 64CUSS ! PROP]TIES (
M>R[2 = ? IS "O (! LIQUIDS F.D 9 C]TA9
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS4 ,ALL ! NATURAL
LIQUIDS (! BODY >E 3TA9$ 9 VESSELS3 Z
BLOOD 9 VE9S1 M>R[ 9 B"OS O!R MOI/URES 9
MEMBRAN\S /RUCTURES (! SK9
  ,9 "Y ANIMALS ! M>R[ IS EXCE$+LY
SANGU9E\S1 B1 Z ANIMALS GR[ OLD1 X
2COMES FATTY 9 ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) FAT1 &
SUET-L 9 ANIMALS ) SUET4 ,ALL B"OS1
H["E1 >E N SUPPLI$ ) M>R[1 B ONLY !
HOLL[ "OS1 & N ALL ( ^!4 ,=(! B"OS 9 !
LION "S 3TA9 NO M>R[ AT ALL1 & "S >E
ONLY SCANTILY SUPPLI$ "!)2 & T A3.TS1 Z
0 PREVI\SLY OBS]V$1 =! /ATE;T MADE
0C]TA9 WRIT]S T ! LION IS M>R[.S4 ,9 !
B"OS ( PIGS X IS F.D 9 SMALL QUANTITIES2
& 9 ! B"OS ( C]TA9 ANIMALS ( ? SPECIES X
IS N F.D AT ALL4
  ,^! LIQUIDS1 !N1 >E NE>LY ALW 3G5ITAL
9 ANIMALS1 B MILK & SP]M -E AT A LAT]
"T4 ,( ^! LATT]1 T :1 :5SO"E X IS
PRES5T1 IS SECRET$ 9 ALL CASES R1DY-
MADE1 IS ! MILK2 SP]M1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS N
SECRET$ \ 9 ALL CASES1 B 9 "S ONLY1 Z 9
! CASE ( :AT >E DESIGNAT$ ?ORI 9 FI%ES4
  ,:AT"E ANIMALS H MILK1 H X 9 _! BR1/S4
,ALL ANIMALS H BR1/S T >E 9T]N,Y &
EXT]N,Y VIVIP>\S1 Z = 9/.E ALL ANIMALS T
H HAIR1 Z MAN &! HORSE2 &! CETAC1NS1 Z !
DOLPH91 ! PORPOISE1 &! :ALE-= ^! ANIMALS
H BR1/S & >E SUPPLI$ ) MILK4 ,ANIMALS T
>E OVIP>\S OR ONLY EXT]N,Y VIVIP>\S H
NEI BR1/S NOR MILK1 Z ! FI% &! BIRD4
  ,ALL MILK IS -POS$ (A WAT]Y S]UM CALL$
,8:EY0'1 &A 3SI/5T SUB/.E CALL$ CURD 7OR
*EESE72 &! ?ICK] ! MILK1 ! M ABUNDANT !
CURD4 ,! MILK1 !N1 ( NON-AMBID5TALS
COAGULATES1 & T IS :Y *EESE IS MADE (!
MILK ( S* ANIMALS "U DOME/IC,N2 B ! MILK
( AMBID5TALS DOES N COAGULATE1 NOR _!
FAT EI1 &! MILK IS ?9 & SWEET4 ,N[ !
CAMEL'S MILK IS ! ?9NE/1 & T (! HUMAN
SPECIES NEXT AF X1 & T (! ASS NEXT AG1 B
C['S MILK IS ! ?ICKE/4 ,MILK DOES N
COAGULATE "U ! 9FLU;E ( COLD1 B R RUNS
6:EY2 B "U ! 9FLU;E ( H1T X COAGULATES &
?ICK5S4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE MILK ONLY -ES
6ANIMALS 9 PREGNANCY4 ,:5 ! ANIMAL IS
PREGNANT MILK IS F.D1 B =A :ILE X IS
UNFIT = USE1 & !N AF AN 9T]VAL ( USE;L;S
X 2COMES UNFIT = USE AG4 ,9 ! CASE (
FEMALE ANIMALS N PREGNANT A SMALL
QUANT;Y ( MILK HAS BE5 PROCUR$ 0!
EMPLOY;T ( SPECIAL FOOD1 & CASES H BE5
ACTU,Y "KN ": WOM5 ADV.ED 9 YE>S ON 2+
SUBMITT$ 6! PROCESS ( MILK+ H PRODUC$
MILK1 & 9 "S CASES H PRODUC$ X 9
SU6ICI5T QUANTITIES 65A# !M 6SUCKLE AN
9FANT4
  ,! P T LIVE ON & AB ,M.T ,OETA TAKE S*
%E-GOATS Z DECL9E ! MALE & RUB _! U4]S
H>D ) NETTLES 6CAUSE AN IRRIT,N AM.T+
6PA92 "H^U !Y MILK ! ANIMALS1 PROCUR+ AT
F/ A LIQUID RESEMBL+ BLOOD1 !N A LIQUID
MIX$ ) PURUL5T MATT]1 & EV5TU,Y MILK1 Z
FREELY Z F FEMALES SUBMITT+ 6! MALE4
  ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 MILK IS N F.D 9 !
MALE ( MAN OR ( ANY O!R ANIMAL1 ?\< F "T
6"T X HAS BE5 F.D 9 A MALE2 = 9/.E1 ONCE
9 ,LEMNOS A HE-GOAT 0 MILK$ 0XS DUGS 7=
X HAS1 0! WAY1 TWO DUGS CLOSE 6! P5IS71
& 0 MILK$ 6S* E6ECT T *EESE 0 MADE (!
PRODUCE1 &! SAME PH5OM5ON 0 REP1T$ 9 A
MALE ( XS [N 2GETT+4 ,S* O3URR;ES1 H["E1
>E REG>D$ Z SUP]NATURAL & FRAU<T ) OM5 Z
6FUTUR;Y1 & 9 PO9T ( FACT :5 ! ,LEMNIAN
[N] (! ANIMAL 9QUIR$ (! ORACLE1 ! GOD
9=M$ HM T ! PORT5T =E%AD[$ ! ACQUISI;N (
A =TUNE4 ,) "S M51 AF PUB]TY1 MILK C 2
PRODUC$ 0SQUEEZ+ ! BR1/S2 CASES H BE5
"KN ": ON _! 2+ SUBJECT$ 6A PROL;G$
MILK+ PROCESS A 3SID]A# QUANT;Y ( MILK
HAS BE5 EDUC$4
  ,9 MILK "! IS A FATTY ELE;T1 : 9
CLOTT$ MILK GETS 6RESEM# OIL4 ,GOAT'S
MILK IS MIX$ ) %EEP'S MILK 9 ,SICILY1 &
:]"E %EEP'S MILK IS ABUNDANT4 ,! BE/
MILK = CLOTT+ IS N ONLY T ": ! *EESE IS
MO/ ABUNDANT1 B T AL ": ! *EESE IS
DRIE/4
  ,N[ "S ANIMALS PRODUCE N ONLY 5 MILK
6RE> _! "Y1 B A SUP]FLU\S AM.T = G5]AL
USE1 = *EESE-MAK+ &= /ORAGE4 ,? IS
ESPECI,Y ! CASE )! %EEP &! GOAT1 & NEXT
9 DEGREE )! C[4 ,M>E'S MILK1 0! WAY1 &
MILK (! %E-ASS >E MIX$ 9 ) ,PHRYGIAN
*EESE4 ,& "! IS M *EESE 9 C['S MILK ?AN
9 GOAT'S MILK2 = GRAZI]S TELL U T F N9E
GALLONS ( GOAT'S MILK !Y C GET N9ETE5
*EESES AT AN OBOL APIECE1 & F ! SAME
AM.T ( C['S MILK1 ?IRTY4 ,O!R ANIMALS
GIVE ONLY 5 ( MILK 6RE> _! "Y )AL1 & NO
SUP]FLU\S AM.T & N"O FITT$ = *EESE-MAK+1
Z IS ! CASE ) ALL ANIMALS T H M ?AN TWO
BR1/S OR DUGS2 =) N"O ( S* ANIMALS IS
MILK PRODUC$ 9 SUP]ABUND.E OR US$ =!
MANUFACTURE ( *EESE4
  ,! JUICE (! FIG & R5NET >E EMPLOY$
6CURDLE MILK4 ,! FIG-JUICE IS F/ SQUEEZ$
\ 96WOOL2 ! WOOL IS !N WA%$ & R9S$1 &!
R9S+ PUT 96A LL MILK1 & IF ? 2 MIX$ )
O!R MILK X CURDLES ,R5NET IS A K9D (
MILK1 = X IS F.D 9 ! /OMA* (! ANIMAL
:ILE X IS YET SUCKL+4

                  #BA
  ,R5NET !N 3SI/S ( MILK ) AN ADMIXTURE
( FIRE1 : -ES F ! NATURAL H1T (! ANIMAL1
Z ! MILK IS 3COCT$4 ,ALL RUM9AT+ ANIMALS
PRODUCE R5NET1 &1 ( AMBID5TALS1 ! H>E4
,R5NET IMPROVES 9 QUAL;Y ! L;G] X IS
KEPT2 & C['S R5NET1 AF 2+ KEPT A GD
:ILE1 & AL H>E'S R5NET1 IS GD =
DI>RHOEA1 &! BE/ ( ALL R5NET IS T (! "Y
DE]4
  ,9 MILK-PRODUC+ ANIMALS ! -P>ATIVE
AM.T (! YIELD V>IES )! SIZE (! ANIMAL &!
DIV]SITIES ( PA/URAGE4 ,= 9/.E1 "! >E 9
,PHASIS SMALL CATTLE T 9 ALL CASES GIVE
A COPI\S SUPPLY ( MILK1 &! L>GE C[S 9
,EPIRUS YIELD EA* "O DAILY "S N9E
GALLONS ( MILK1 & HALF ( ? F EA* PAIR (
T1TS1 &! MILK] HAS 6/& ERECT1 /OOP+ =W>D
A LL1 Z O!RWISE1 IF HE 7 S1T$1 HE WD 2
UNA# 6R1* UP 6! T1TS4 ,B1 )! EXCEP;N (!
ASS1 ALL ! QUADRUP$S 9 ,EPIRUS >E ( L>GE
SIZE1 & RELATIVELY1 ! CATTLE &! DOGS >E
! L>GE/4 ,N[ L>GE ANIMALS REQUIRE
ABUNDANT PA/URE1 & ? C.TRY SUPPLIES J S*
PA/URAGE1 & AL SUPPLIES DIV]SE PA/URE
GR.DS 6SUIT ! DIV]SE S1SONS (! YE>4 ,!
CATTLE >E "PICUL>LY L>GE1 & LIKEWISE !
%EEP (! S-CALL$ ,PYRRHIC BRE$1 ! "N 2+
GIV5 9 HON\R ( ,K+ ,PYRRHUS4
  ,"S PA/URE QU5*ES MILK1 Z ,M$IAN GRASS
OR LUC]NE1 & T ESPECI,Y 9 RUM9ANTS2 O!R
FE$+ R5D]S X COPI\S1 Z CYTISUS & VET*2
ONLY1 0! WAY1 CYTISUS 9 FL[] IS N
RECOMM5D$1 Z X HAS BURN+ PROP]TIES1 &
VET* IS N GD = PREGNANT K9E1 Z X CAUSES
9CR1S$ DI6ICULTY 9 "PURI;N4 ,H["E1 B1/S
T H A3ESS 6GD FE$+1 Z !Y >E B5EFIT$ "!BY
9 REG>D 6PREGNANCY1 S AL 2+ WELL N\RI%$
PRODUCE MILK 9 PL5TY4 ,"S (! LEGUM9\S
PLANTS BR+ MILK 9 ABUND.E1 Z = 9/.E1 A
L>GE FE$ ( B1NS )! EWE1 ! -MON %E-GOAT1
! C[1 &! SMALL %E-GOAT2 = ? FE$+ MAKES
!M DROP _! U4]S4 ,&1 0! WAY1 ! PO9T+ (!
U4] 6! GR.D 2F "PURI;N IS A SIGN ( "! 2+
PL5TY ( MILK -+4
  ,MILK REMA9S =A L;G "T 9 ! FEMALE1 IF
%E 2 KEPT F ! MALE & 2 PROP]LY F$1 &1 (
QUADRUP$S1 ? IS ESPECI,Y TRUE (! EWE2 =!
EWE C 2 MILK$ = EI<T MON?S4 ,Z A G5]AL
RULE1 RUM9AT+ ANIMALS GIVE MILK 9
ABUND.E1 & MILK FITT$ = *EESE
MANUFACTURE4 ,9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD ( ,TOR"O
C[S RUN DRY =A FEW "DS 2F CALV+1 & H
MILK ALL ! RE/ (! "T4 ,9 WOM51 MILK (A
LIVID COL\R IS BETT] ?AN :ITE = NURS+
PURPOSES2 & SW>?Y WOM5 GIVE H1L?I] MILK
?AN FAIR "OS4 ,MILK T IS RI*E/ 9 *EESE
IS ! MO/ NUTRITI\S1 B MILK )A SCANTY
SUPPLY ( *EESE IS ! M :OLE"S = *N4
                  #BB
  ,ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS EJECT SP]M4 ,Z
6:AT1 & H[1 X 3TRIBUTES 6G5],N1 ^! "QS W
2 4CUSS$ 9 ANO!R TR1TISE4 ,TAK+ ! SIZE (
8 BODY 96A3.T1 MAN EMITS M SP]M ?AN ANY
O!R ANIMAL4 ,9 HAIRY-COAT$ ANIMALS !
SP]M IS /ICKY1 B 9 O!R ANIMALS X IS N S4
,X IS :ITE 9 ALL CASES1 & ,H]ODOTUS IS
"U A MISAPPREH5.N :5 HE /ATES T !
,AE?IOPIANS EJECT BLACK SP]M4
  ,SP]M ISSUES F ! BODY :ITE & 3SI/5T1
IF X 2 H1L?Y1 & AF QUITT+ ! BODY 2COMES
?9 & BLACK4 ,9 FRO/Y W1!R X DOES N
COAGULATE1 B GETS EXCE$+LY ?9 & WAT]Y
BO? 9 COL\R & 3SI/5CY2 B X COAGULATES &
?ICK5S "U ! 9FLU;E ( H1T4 ,IF X 2 L;G 9
! WOMB 2F ISSU+ \1 X -ES M ?AN USU,Y
?ICK2 & "S"TS X -ES \ DRY & -PACT4 ,SP]M
CAPA# ( IMPREGNAT+ OR ( FRUCTIFIC,N S9KS
9 WAT]2 SP]M 9CAPA# ,( PRODUC+ T RESULT
4SOLVES AWAY4 ,B "! IS NO TRU? 9 :AT
,CTESIAS HAS WRITT5 AB ! SP]M (!
ELEPHANT4