,BOOK ,I
                   #A
  ,(! "PS ( ANIMALS "S >E SIMPLE3 6WIT1
ALL S* Z DIVIDE 96"PS UNI=M ) !MVS1 Z
FLE% 96FLE%2 O!RS >E -POSITE1 S* Z
DIVIDE 96"PS N UNI=M ) !MVS1 Z1 = 9/.E1
! H& DOES N DIVIDE 96H&S NOR ! FACE
96FACES4
  ,&( S* Z ^!1 "S >E CALL$ N "PS M]ELY1
B LIMBS OR MEMB]S4 ,S* >E ^? "PS T1 :ILE
5TIRE 9 !MVS1 H )9 !MVS O!R DIV]SE "PS3
Z = 9/.E1 ! H1D1 FOOT1 H&1 ! >M Z A
:OLE1 ! *E/2 = ^! >E ALL 9 !MVS 5TIRE
"PS1 & "! >E O!R DIV]SE "PS 2L;G+ 6!M4
  ,ALL ^? "PS T D N SUBDIVIDE 96"PS
UNI=M ) !MVS >E -POS$ ( "PS T D S
SUBDIVIDE1 = 9/.E1 H& IS -POS$ ( FLE%1
S9EWS1 & B"OS4 ,( ANIMALS1 "S RESEM# "O
ANO!R 9 ALL _! "PS1 :ILE O!RS H "PS ":9
!Y DI6]4 ,"S"TS ! "PS >E ID5TICAL 9 =M
OR SPECIES1 Z1 = 9/.E1 "O MAN'S NOSE OR
EYE RESEM#S ANO!R MAN'S NOSE OR EYE1
FLE% FLE%1 & B"O B"O2 & 9 L MANN] )A
HORSE1 &) ALL O!R ANIMALS : WE RECKON
6BE ( "O &! SAME SPECIES3 = Z ! :OLE IS
6! :OLE1 S EA* 6EA* >E ! "PS S"E,Y4 ,9
O!R CASES ! "PS >E ID5TICAL1 SAVE ONLY =
A DI6];E 9 ! WAY ( EXCESS OR DEFECT1 Z
IS ! CASE 9 S* ANIMALS Z >E ( "O &! SAME
G5US4 ,BY ,8G5US0' ,I M1N1 = 9/.E1 ,BIRD
OR ,FI%1 = EA* ( ^! IS SUBJECT 6DI6];E 9
RESPECT ( XS G5US1 & "! >E _M SPECIES (
FI%ES &( BIRDS4
  ,)9 ! LIMITS ( G5]A1 MO/ (! "PS Z A
RULE EXHIBIT DI6];ES "? 3TRA/ (! PROP]TY
OR A3ID5T1 S* Z COL\R & %APE1 6: !Y >E
SUBJECT3 9 T "S >E M & "S 9 A LESS
DEGREE ! SUBJECT (! SAME PROP]TY OR
A3ID5T2 & AL 9 ! WAY ( MULTITUDE OR
FEW;S1 MAGNITUDE OR P>VITUDE1 9 %ORT 9 !
WAY ( EXCESS OR DEFECT4 ,?US 9 "S !
TEXTURE (! FLE% IS S(T1 9 O!RS FIRM2 "S
H A L;G BILL1 O!RS A %ORT "O2 "S H
ABUND.E ( F1!RS1 O!RS H ONLY A SMALL
QUANT;Y4 ,X HAPP5S FUR!R T "S H "PS T
O!RS H N3 = 9/.E1 "S H SPURS & O!RS N1
"S H CRE/S & O!RS N2 B Z A G5]AL RULE1
MO/ "PS & ^? T G 6MAKE UP ! BULK (! BODY
>E EI ID5TICAL ) "O ANO!R1 OR DI6] F "O
ANO!R 9 ! WAY ( 3TRA/ &( EXCESS &
DEFECT4 ,= ,8! M0' & ,8! LESS0' MAY 2
REPRES5T$ Z ,8EXCESS0' OR ,8DEFECT0'4
  ,ONCE AG1 WE MAY H 6D ) ANIMALS ^: "PS
>E NEI ID5TICAL 9 =M NOR YET ID5TICAL
SAVE = DI6];ES 9 ! WAY ( EXCESS OR
DEFECT3 B !Y >E ! SAME ONLY 9 ! WAY (
ANALOGY1 Z1 = 9/.E1 B"O IS ONLY ANALOG\S
6FI%-B"O1 NAIL 6HO(1 H& 6CLAW1 & SCALE
6F1!R2 = :AT ! F1!R IS 9 A BIRD1 ! SCALE
IS 9 A FI%4
  ,! "PS1 !N1 : ANIMALS S"E,Y POSSESS >E
DIV]SE F1 OR ID5TICAL )1 "O ANO!R 9 !
FA%ION ABV DESCRIB$4 ,& !Y >E S
FUR!RMORE 9 ! WAY ( LOCAL 4POSI;N3 = _M
ANIMALS H ID5TICAL ORGANS T DI6] 9
POSI;N2 = 9/.E1 "S H T1TS 9 ! BR1/1 O!RS
CLOSE 6! ?I<S4
  ,(! SUB/.ES T >E -POS$ ( "PS UNI=M 7OR
HOMOG5E\S7 ) !MVS1 "S >E S(T & MOI/1
O!RS >E DRY & SOLID4 ,! S(T & MOI/ >E S*
EI ABSOLUTELY OR S L;G Z !Y >E 9 _!
NATURAL 3DI;NS1 Z1 = 9/.E1 BLOOD1 S]UM1
L>D1 SUET1 M>R[1 SP]M1 GALL1 MILK 9 S* Z
H X FLE% &! L2 & AL1 9 A DI6]5T WAY1 !
SUP]FLUITIES1 Z PHLEGM &! EXCRE;NS (!
BELLY &! BLA4]4 ,! DRY & SOLID >E S* Z
S9EW1 SK91 VE91 HAIR1 B"O1 GRI/LE1 NAIL1
HORN 7A T]M : Z APPLI$ 6! "P 9VOLVES AN
AMBIGU;Y1 S9CE ! :OLE AL 0VIRTUE ( XS =M
IS DESIGNAT$ HORN71 & S* "PS Z PRES5T AN
ANALOGY 6^!4
  ,ANIMALS DI6] F "O ANO!R 9 _! MODES (
SUBSI/;E1 9 _! AC;NS1 9 _! HABITS1 & 9
_! "PS4 ,3C]N+ ^! DI6];ES WE % F/ SP1K 9
BROAD & G5]AL T]MS1 & SUBSEQU5TLY WE %
TR1T (! SAME ) CLOSE REF];E 6EA* "PICUL>
G5US4
  ,DI6];ES >E MANIFE/$ 9 MODES (
SUBSI/;E1 9 HABITS1 9 AC;NS P]=M$4 ,=
9/.E1 "S ANIMALS LIVE 9 WAT] & O!RS ON
L&4 ,&( ^? T LIVE 9 WAT] "S D S 9 "O
WAY1 & "S 9 ANO!R3 T IS 6SAY1 "S LIVE &
FE$ 9 ! WAT]1 TAKE 9 & EMIT WAT]1 & _C
LIVE IF DEPRIV$ ( WAT]1 Z IS ! CASE )!
GRT MAJOR;Y ( FI%ES2 O!RS GET _! FOOD &
SP5D _! "DS 9 ! WAT]1 B D N TAKE 9 WAT]
B AIR1 NOR D !Y BR+ =? 9 ! WAT]4 ,_M (
^! CR1TURES >E FURNI%$ ) FEET1 Z ! OTT]1
! B1V]1 &! CROCODILE2 "S >E FURNI%$ )
W+S1 Z ! DIV] &! GREBE2 "S >E DE/ITUTE (
FEET1 Z ! WAT]-SNAKE4 ,"S CR1TURES GET
_! LIV+ 9 ! WAT] & _C EXI/ \TSIDE X3 B =
ALL T D N TAKE 9 EI AIR OR WAT]1 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! SEA-NETTLE &! OY/]4 ,&( CR1TURES
T LIVE 9 ! WAT] "S LIVE 9 ! SEA1 "S 9
RIV]S1 "S 9 LAKES1 & "S 9 M>%ES1 Z !
FROG &! NEWT4
  ,( ANIMALS T LIVE ON DRY L& "S TAKE 9
AIR & EMIT X1 : PH5OM5A >E T]M$
,89HAL,N0' & ,8EXHAL,N0'2 Z1 = 9/.E1 MAN
& ALL S* L& ANIMALS Z >E FURNI%$ )
LUNGS4 ,O!RS1 AG1 D N 9HALE AIR1 YET
LIVE & F9D _! SU/5.E ON DRY L&2 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! WASP1 ! BEE1 & ALL O!R 9SECTS4
,& BY ,89SECTS0' ,I M1N S* CR1TURES Z H
NICKS OR NOT*ES ON _! BODIES1 EI ON _!
BELLIES OR ON BO? BACKS & BELLIES4
  ,&( L& ANIMALS _M1 Z HAS BE5 SD1
DERIVE _! SUBSI/;E F ! WAT]2 B (
CR1TURES T LIVE 9 & 9HALE WAT] N A S+LE
"O DERIVES XS SUBSI/;E F DRY L&4
  ,"S ANIMALS AT F/ LIVE 9 WAT]1 & 0&
0*ANGE _! %APE & LIVE \ ( WAT]1 Z IS !
CASE ) RIV] WORMS1 = \ ( ^! ! GADFLY
DEVELOPS4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "S ANIMALS >E /,N>Y1 & "S
>E ]RATIC4 ,/,N>Y ANIMALS >E F.D 9 WAT]1
B NO S* CR1TURE IS F.D ON DRY L&4 ,9 !
WAT] >E _M CR1TURES T LIVE 9 CLOSE
ADHE.N 6AN EXT]NAL OBJECT1 Z IS ! CASE )
S"EAL K9DS ( OY/]4 ,&1 0! WAY1 ! SP;GE
APPE>S 6BE 5D[$ )A C]TA9 S5SIBIL;Y3 Z A
PRO( ( : X IS ALLEG$ T ! DI6ICULTY 9
DETA*+ X F XS MOOR+S IS 9CR1S$ IF !
MOVE;T 6DETA* X 2 N COV]TLY APPLI$4
  ,O!R CR1TURES AD"H AT "O "T 6AN OBJECT
& DETA* !MVS F X AT O!R "TS1 Z IS ! CASE
)A SPECIES (! S-CALL$ SEA-NETTLE2 = "S (
^! CR1TURES SEEK _! FOOD 9 ! NI<T-"T
LOOSE & UNATTA*$4
  ,_M CR1TURES >E UNATTA*$ B MO;N.S1 Z
IS ! CASE ) OY/]S &! S-CALL$ HOLO?URIA4
,"S C SWIM1 Z1 = 9/.E1 FI%ES1 MOLLUSCS1
& CRU/AC1NS1 S* Z ! CRAWFI%4 ,B "S ( ^!
LA/ MOVE 0WALK+1 Z ! CRAB1 = X IS !
NATURE (! CR1TURE1 ?\< X LIVES 9 WAT]1
6MOVE 0WALK+4
  ,( L& ANIMALS "S >E FURNI%$ ) W+S1 S*
Z BIRDS & BEES1 & ^! >E S FURNI%$ 9
DI6]5T WAYS "O F ANO!R2 O!RS >E FURNI%$
) FEET4 ,(! ANIMALS T >E FURNI%$ ) FEET
"S WALK1 "S CREEP1 & "S WRI7LE4 ,B NO
CR1TURE IS A# ONLY 6MOVE 0FLY+1 Z ! FI%
IS A# ONLY 6SWIM1 =! ANIMALS ) L1!RN W+S
C WALK2 ! BAT HAS FEET &! S1L HAS
IMP]FECT FEET4
  ,"S BIRDS H FEET ( LL P[]1 & >E "!=E
CALL$ ,APODES4 ,? LL BIRD IS P[];L ON !
W+2 &1 Z A RULE1 BIRDS T RESEM# X >E
W1K-FOOT$ & /R;G W+$1 S* Z ! SWALL[ &!
DREPANIS OR 7@87 ,ALP9E SWIFT2 = ALL ^!
BIRDS RESEM# "O ANO!R 9 _! HABITS & 9 _!
PLUMAGE1 & MAY EASILY 2 MISTAK5 "O =
ANO!R4 7,! APUS IS 6BE SE5 AT ALL
S1SONS1 B ! DREPANIS ONLY AF RA9Y W1!R 9
SUMM]2 = ? IS ! "T :5 X IS SE5 &
CAPTUR$1 ?\<1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 X IS A R>E
BIRD47
  ,AG1 "S ANIMALS MOVE 0WALK+ ON ! GR.D
Z WELL Z 0SWIMM+ 9 WAT]4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 ! FOLL[+ DI6];ES >E
MANIFE/ 9 _! MODES ( LIV+ & 9 _! AC;NS4
,"S >E GREG>I\S1 "S >E SOLIT>Y1 :E!R !Y
2 FURNI%$ ) FEET OR W+S OR 2 FITT$ =A
LIFE 9 ! WAT]2 & "S P>TAKE ( BO? "*S1 !
SOLIT>Y &! GREG>I\S4 ,&(! GREG>I\S1 "S
>E 4POS$ 6-B9E = SOCIAL PURPOSES1 O!RS
6LIVE EA* = XS [N SELF4
  ,GREG>I\S CR1TURES >E1 AM;G BIRDS1 S*
Z ! PIGEON1 ! CRANE1 &! SWAN2 &1 0! WAY1
NO BIRD FURNI%$ ) CROOK$ TALONS IS
GREG>I\S4 ,( CR1TURES T LIVE 9 WAT] _M
K9DS ( FI%ES >E GREG>I\S1 S* Z ! S-CALL$
MIGRANTS1 ! TUNNY1 ! PELAMYS1 &! BONITO4
  ,MAN1 0! WAY1 PRES5TS A MIXTURE (! TWO
"*S1 ! GREG>I\S &! SOLIT>Y4
  ,SOCIAL CR1TURES >E S* Z H "S "O -MON
OBJECT 9 VIEW2 & ? PROP]TY IS N -MON
6ALL CR1TURES T >E GREG>I\S4 ,S* SOCIAL
CR1TURES >E MAN1 ! BEE1 ! WASP1 ! ANT1 &
! CRANE4
  ,AG1 ( ^! SOCIAL CR1TURES "S SUBMIT 6A
RUL]1 O!RS >E SUBJECT 6NO GOV]N.E3 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! CRANE &! S"EAL SORTS ( BEE
SUBMIT 6A RUL]1 ":AS ANTS & NUM]\S O!R
CR1TURES >E E "O 8 [N MA/]4
  ,& AG1 BO? ( GREG>I\S &( SOLIT>Y
ANIMALS1 "S >E ATTA*$ 6A FIX$ HOME &
O!RS >E ]RATIC OR NOMAD4
  ,AL1 "S >E C>NIVOR\S1 "S GRAM9IVOR\S1
"S OMNIVOR\S3 :IL/ "S FE$ ON A PECULI>
DIET1 Z = 9/.E ! BEES &! SPID]S1 =! BEE
LIVES ON H"OY & C]TA9 O!R SWEETS1 &!
SPID] LIVES 0CAT*+ FLIES2 & "S CR1TURES
LIVE ON FI%4 ,AG1 "S CR1TURES CAT* _!
FOOD1 O!RS TR1SURE X UP2 ":AS O!RS D N
S4
  ,"S CR1TURES PROVIDE !MVS )A DWELL+1
O!RS G )\T "O3 (! =M] K9D >E ! MOLE1 !
M\SE1 ! ANT1 ! BEE2 (! LATT] K9D >E _M
9SECTS & QUADRUP$S4 ,FUR!R1 9 RESPECT
6LOCAL;Y ( DWELL+ PLACE1 "S CR1TURES
DWELL "U GR.D1 Z ! LIZ>D &! SNAKE2 O!RS
LIVE ON ! SURFACE (! GR.D1 Z ! HORSE &!
DOG4 MAKE 6!MVS HOLES1 O!RS D N
  ,"S >E NOCTURNAL1 Z ! [L &! BAT2 O!RS
LIVE 9 ! "DLI<T4
  ,MOREOV]1 "S CR1TURES >E TAME & "S >E
WILD3 "S >E AT ALL "TS TAME1 Z MAN &!
MULE2 O!RS >E AT ALL "TS SAVAGE1 Z !
LEOP>D &! WOLF2 & "S CR1TURES C 2
RAPIDLY TAM$1 Z ! ELEPHANT4
  ,AG1 WE MAY REG>D ANIMALS 9 ANO!R
LI<T4 ,=1 :5"E A RACE ( ANIMALS IS F.D
DOME/ICAT$1 ! SAME IS ALW 6BE F.D 9 A
WILD 3DI;N2 Z WE F9D 6BE ! CASE )
HORSES1 K9E1 SW9E1 7M571 %EEP1 GOATS1 &
DOGS4
  ,FUR!R1 "S ANIMALS EMIT S.D :ILE O!RS
>E MUTE1 & "S >E 5D[$ ) VOICE3 ( ^!
LATT] "S H >TICULATE SPEE*1 :ILE O!RS >E
9>TICULATE2 "S >E GIV5 63T9UAL *IRP+ &
TWITT]+ "S >E PR"O 6SIL;E2 "S >E
MUSICAL1 & "S UNMUSICAL2 B ALL ANIMALS
)\T EXCEP;N EX]CISE _! P[] ( S++ OR
*ATT]+ *IEFLY 9 3NEXION )! 9T]C\RSE (!
SEXES4
  ,AG1 "S CR1TURES LIVE 9 ! FIELDS1 Z !
CU%AT2 "S ON ! M.TA9S1 Z ! HOOPOE2 "S
FREQU5T ! ABODES ( M51 Z ! PIGEON4
  ,"S1 AG1 >E PECULI>LY SALACI\S1 Z !
"PRIDGE1 ! B>N-DOOR COCK & _! 3G5]S2
O!RS >E 9CL9$ 6*A/;Y1 Z ! :OLE TRIBE (
CR[S1 = BIRDS ( ? K9D 9DULGE B R>ELY 9
SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE4
  ,( M>9E ANIMALS1 AG1 "S LIVE 9 ! OP5
S1S1 "S NE> ! %ORE1 "S ON ROCKS4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "S >E -BATIVE "U (F;E2
O!RS >E PROVID5T = DEF;E4 ,(! =M] K9D >E
S* Z ACT Z A7RESSORS ^U O!RS OR
RETALIATE :5 SUBJECT$ 6ILL USAGE1 &(!
LATT] K9D >E S* Z M]ELY H "S M1NS (
GU>D+ !MVS AG/ ATTACK4
  ,ANIMALS AL DI6] F "O ANO!R 9 REG>D
6"* 9 ! FOLL[+ RESPECTS4 ,"S >E GD-
TEMP]$1 SLU7I%1 & LL PR"O 6F]OC;Y1 Z !
OX2 O!RS >E QK TEMP]$1 F]OCI\S &
UNT1*A#1 Z ! WILD BO>2 "S >E 9TELLIG5T &
TIMID1 Z ! /AG &! H>E2 O!RS >E M1N &
TR1*]\S1 Z ! SNAKE2 O!RS >E NO# &
C\RAGE\S & HI<-BR$1 Z ! LION2 O!RS >E
?OR\<-BR$ & WILD & TR1*]\S1 Z ! WOLF3 =1
0! WAY1 AN ANIMAL IS HI<BR$ IF X -E F A
NO# /OCK1 & AN ANIMAL IS ?OR\<-BR$ IF X
DOES N DEFLECT F XS RACIAL "*I/ICS4
  ,FUR!R1 "S >E CRAFTY & MIS*IEV\S1 Z !
FOX2 "S >E _S$ & A6EC;NATE & FAWN+1 Z !
DOG2 O!RS >E EASY-TEMP]$ & EASILY
DOME/ICAT$1 Z ! ELEPHANT2 O!RS >E
CAUTI\S & WAT*;L1 Z ! GOOSE2 O!RS >E
J1L\S & SELF-3CEIT$1 Z ! P1COCK4 ,B (
ALL ANIMALS MAN AL"O IS CAPA# (
DELIB],N4
  ,_M ANIMALS H MEMORY1 & >E CAPA# (
9/RUC;N2 B NO O!R CR1TURE EXCEPT MAN C
RECALL ! PA/ AT W4
  ,) REG>D 6! S"EAL G5]A ( ANIMALS1
"PICUL>S Z 6_! HABITS ( LIFE & MODES (
EXI/;E W 2 4CUSS$ M FULLY 0& BY4
                   #B
  ,-MON 6ALL ANIMALS >E ! ORGANS ":BY !Y
TAKE FOOD &! ORGANS ": 96!Y TAKE X2 & ^!
>E EI ID5TICAL ) "O ANO!R1 OR >E DIV]SE
9 ! WAYS ABV SPECIFI$3 6WIT1 EI ID5TICAL
9 =M1 OR V>Y+ 9 RESPECT ( EXCESS OR
DEFECT1 OR RESEMBL+ "O ANO!R ANALOGIC,Y1
OR DI6]+ 9 POSI;N4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 ! GRT MAJOR;Y ( ANIMALS H
O!R ORGANS 2SS ^! 9 -MON1 ":BY !Y 4*>GE
! RESIDUUM ( _! FOOD3 ,I SAY1 ! GRT
MAJOR;Y1 = ? /ATE;T DOES N APPLY 6ALL4
,&1 0! WAY1 ! ORGAN ":BY FOOD IS TAK5 9
IS CALL$ ! M\?1 &! ORGAN ":9TO X IS
TAK51 ! BELLY2 ! REMA9D] (! ALI;T>Y
SY/EM HAS A GRT V>IETY ( "NS4
  ,N[ ! RESIDUUM ( FOOD IS TWOFOLD 9
K9D1 WET & DRY1 & S* CR1TURES Z H ORGANS
RECEPTIVE ( WET RESIDUUM >E 9V>IABLY F.D
) ORGANS RECEPTIVE ( DRY RESIDUUM2 B S*
Z H ORGANS RECEPTIVE ( DRY RESIDUUM NE$
N POSSESS ORGANS RECEPTIVE ( WET
RESIDUUM4 ,9 O!R ^WS1 AN ANIMAL HAS A
B[EL OR 9TE/9E IF X H A BLA4]2 B AN
ANIMAL MAY H A B[EL & 2 )\T A BLA4]4 ,&1
0! WAY1 ,I MAY "H REM>K T ! ORGAN
RECEPTIVE ( WET RESIDUUM IS T]M$
,8BLA4]0'1 &! ORGAN RECEPTIVE ( DRY
RESIDUUM ,89TE/9E OR ,8B[EL0'4
                   #C
  ,( ANIMALS O!RWISE1 A GRT _M H1 2SS !
ORGANS ABV-M5;N$1 AN ORGAN = EXCRE;N (!
SP]M3 &( ANIMALS CAPA# ( G5],N "O
SECRETES 96ANO!R1 &! O!R 96XF4 ,! LATT]
IS T]M$ ,8FEMALE0'1 &! =M] ,8MALE0'2 B
"S ANIMALS H NEI MALE NOR FEMALE4
,3SEQU5TLY1 ! ORGANS 3NECT$ ) ? FUNC;N
DI6] 9 =M1 = "S ANIMALS H A WOMB & O!RS
AN ORGAN ANALOG\S "!TO4
  ,! ABV-M5;N$ ORGANS1 !N1 >E ! MO/
9DISP5SA# "PS ( ANIMALS2 &) "S ( !M ALL
ANIMALS )\T EXCEP;N1 &) O!RS ANIMALS =!
MO/ "P1 M/ NE$S 2 PROVID$4
  ,"O S5SE1 & "O AL"O1 IS -MON 6ALL
ANIMALS-! S5SE ( T\*4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 "! IS
NO SPECIAL "N =! ORGAN 9 : X HAS XS S1T2
= 9 "S GR\PS ( ANIMALS ! ORGAN IS
ID5TICAL1 9 O!RS X IS ONLY ANALOG\S4
                   #D
  ,E ANIMAL IS SUPPLI$ ) MOI/URE1 &1 IF
! ANIMAL 2 DEPRIV$ (! SAME 0NATURAL
CAUSES OR >TIFICIAL M1NS1 D1? 5SUES3
FUR!R1 E ANIMAL HAS ANO!R "P 9 : !
MOI/URE IS 3TA9$4 ,^! "PS >E BLOOD &
VE91 & 9 O!R ANIMALS "! IS "S?+
6CORRESPOND2 B 9 ^! LATT] ! "PS >E
IMP]FECT1 2+ M]ELY FIBRE & S]UM OR
LYMPH4
  ,T\* HAS XS S1T 9 A "P UNI=M &
HOMOG5E\S1 Z 9 ! FLE% OR "S?+ (! K9D1 &
G5],Y1 ) ANIMALS SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD1 9 !
"PS *>G$ ) BLOOD4 ,9 O!R ANIMALS X HAS
XS S1T 9 "PS ANALOG\S 6! "PS *>G$ )
BLOOD2 B 9 ALL CASES X IS S1T$ 9 "PS T 9
_! TEXTURE >E HOMOG5E\S4
  ,! ACTIVE FACULTIES1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 >E
S1T$ 9 ! "PS T >E HET]OG5E\S3 Z1 = 9/.E1
! BUSI;S ( PREP>+ ! FOOD IS S1T$ 9 !
M\?1 &! (FICE ( LOCOMO;N 9 ! FEET1 !
W+S1 OR 9 ORGANS 6CORRESPOND4
  ,AG1 "S ANIMALS >E SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD1 Z
MAN1 ! HORSE1 & ALL S* ANIMALS Z >E1 :5
FULL-GR[N1 EI DE/ITUTE ( FEET1 OR TWO-
FOOT$1 OR F\R-FOOT$2 O!R ANIMALS >E
BLOOD.S1 S* Z ! BEE &! WASP1 &1 ( M>9E
ANIMALS1 ! CUTTLE-FI%1 ! CRAWFI%1 & ALL
S* ANIMALS Z H M ?AN F\R FEET4
                   #E
  ,AG1 "S ANIMALS >E VIVIP>\S1 O!RS
OVIP>\S1 O!RS V]MIP>\S OR ,8GRUB-BE>+0'4
,"S >E VIVIP>\S1 S* Z MAN1 ! HORSE1 !
S1L1 & ALL O!R ANIMALS T >E HAIR-COAT$1
&1 ( M>9E ANIMALS1 ! CETAC1NS1 Z !
DOLPH91 &! S-CALL$ ,SELA*IA4 7,( ^!
LATT] ANIMALS1 "S H A TUBUL> AIR-PASSAGE
& NO GILLS1 Z ! DOLPH9 &! :ALE3 ! DOLPH9
)! AIR-PASSAGE GO+ "? XS BACK1 ! :ALE )!
AIR-PASSAGE 9 XS =EH1D2 O!RS H UNCOV]$
GILLS1 Z ! ,SELA*IA1 ! %>KS & RAYS47
  ,:AT WE T]M AN EGG IS A C]TA9 -PLET$
RESULT ( 3CEP;N \ ( : ! ANIMAL T IS 6BE
DEVELOPS1 & 9 S* A WAY T 9 RESPECT 6XS
PRIMITIVE G]M X -ES F "P ONLY (! EGG1
:ILE ! RE/ S]VES = FOOD Z ! G]M
DEVELOPS4 ,A ,8GRUB0' ON ! O!R H& IS A
?+ \ ( : 9 XS 5TIRETY ! ANIMAL 9 XS
5TIRETY DEVELOPS1 0DI6]5TI,N & GR[? (!
EMBRYO4
  ,( VIVIP>\S ANIMALS1 "S HAT* E7S 9 _!
[N 9T]IOR1 Z CR1TURES (! %>K K9D2 O!RS
5G5D] 9 _! 9T]IOR A LIVE FOETUS1 Z MAN &
! HORSE4 ,:5 ! RESULT ( 3CEP;N IS
P]FECT$1 ) "S ANIMALS A LIV+ CR1TURE IS
BR"\ =?1 ) O!RS AN EGG IS BR"\ 6LI<T1 )
O!RS A GRUB4 ,(! E7S1 "S H EGG-%ELLS &
>E ( TWO DI6]5T COL\RS )91 S* Z BIRDS'
E7S2 O!RS >E S(T-SK9N$ &( UNI=M COL\R1 Z
! E7S ( ANIMALS (! %>K K9D4 ,(! GRUBS1
"S >E F ! F/ CAPA# ( MOVE;T1 O!RS >E
MO;N.S4 ,H["E1 ) REG>D 6^! PH5OM5A WE %
SP1K PRECISELY "HAF :5 WE -E 6TR1T (
,G5],N4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "S ANIMALS H FEET & "S >E
DE/ITUTE "!(4 ,( S* Z H FEET "S ANIMALS
H TWO1 Z IS ! CASE ) M5 & BIRDS1 &) M5 &
BIRDS ONLY2 "S H F\R1 Z ! LIZ>D &! DOG2
"S H M1 Z ! C5TIP$E &! BEE2 B ALLSO"E T
H FEET H AN EV5 NUMB] ( !M4
  ,( SWIMM+ CR1TURES T >E DE/ITUTE (
FEET1 "S H W+LETS OR F9S1 Z FI%ES3 &( ^!
"S H F\R F9S1 TWO ABV ON ! BACK1 TWO 2L
ON ! BELLY1 Z ! GILTH1D &! BASSE2 "S H
TWO ONLY1-TO WIT1 S* Z >E EXCE$+LY L;G &
SMOO?1 Z ! EEL &! 3G]2 "S H N"O AT ALL1
Z ! MURAENA1 B USE ! SEA J Z SNAKES USE
DRY GR.D-& 0! WAY1 SNAKES SWIM 9 WAT] 9
J ! SAME WAY4 ,(! %>K-K9D "S H NO F9S1
S* Z ^? T >E FLAT & L;G-TAIL$1 Z ! RAY &
! /+-RAY1 B ^! FI%ES SWIM ACTU,Y 0!
UNDULATORY MO;N ( _! FLAT BODIES2 ! FI%+
FROG1 H["E1 HAS F9S1 & S LIKEWISE H ALL
S* FI%ES Z H N _! FLAT SURFACES ?9N$ (F
6A %>P $GE4
  ,( ^? SWIMM+ CR1TURES T APPE> 6H FEET1
Z IS ! CASE )! MOLLUSCS1 ^! CR1TURES
SWIM 0! AID ( _! FEET & _! F9S Z WELL1 &
!Y SWIM MO/ RAPIDLY BACKW>DS 9 ! DIREC;N
(! TRUNK1 Z IS ! CASE )! CUTTLE-FI% OR
SEPIA &! CALAM>Y2 &1 0! WAY1 NEI ( ^!
LATT] C WALK Z ! P\LPE OR OCTOPUS C4
  ,! H>D-SK9N$ OR CRU/ACE\S ANIMALS1 L !
CRAWFI%1 SWIM 0! 9/RU;TAL;Y ( _! TAIL-
"PS2 & !Y SWIM MO/ RAPIDLY TAIL =EMO/1
0! AID (! F9S DEVELOP$ ^U T MEMB]4 ,!
NEWT SWIMS 0M1NS ( XS FEET & TAIL2 & XS
TAIL RESEM#S T (! %1TFI%1 6-P>E LL )
GRT4
  ,( ANIMALS T C FLY "S >E FURNI%$ )
F1!R$ W+S1 Z ! EAGLE &! HAWK2 "S >E
FURNI%$ ) MEMBRAN\S W+S1 Z ! BEE &!
COCK*AF]2 O!RS >E FURNI%$ ) L1!RN W+S1 Z
! FLY+ FOX &! BAT4 ,ALL FLY+ CR1TURES
POSSESS$ ( BLOOD H F1!R$ W+S OR L1!RN
W+S2 ! BLOOD.S CR1TURES H MEMBRAN\S W+S1
Z 9SECTS4 ,! CR1TURES T H F1!R$ W+S OR
L1!RN W+S H EI TWO FEET OR NO FEET AT
ALL3 = "! >E SD 6BE C]TA9 FLY+ S]P5TS 9
,E?IOPIA T >E DE/ITUTE ( FEET4
  ,CR1TURES T H F1!R$ W+S >E CLASS$ Z A
G5US "U ! "N ( ,8BIRD0'2 ! O!R TWO G5]A1
! L1!RN-W+$ & MEMBRANE-W+$1 >E Z YET )\T
A G5]IC TITLE4
  ,( CR1TURES T C FLY & >E BLOOD.S "S >E
COLEOPT]\S OR %1?-W+$1 = !Y H _! W+S 9 A
%1? OR %>D1 L ! COCK*AF] &! DUNG-BEETLE2
O!RS >E %1?.S1 &( ^! LATT] "S >E DIPT]\S
& "S TETRAPT]\S3 TETRAPT]\S1 S* Z >E
-P>ATIVELY L>GE OR H _! /+S 9 ! TAIL1
DIPT]\S1 S* Z >E -P>ATIVELY SMALL OR H
_! /+S 9 FRONT4 ,! COLEOPT]A >E1 )\T
EXCEP;N1 DEVOID ( /+S2 ! DIPT]A H ! /+ 9
FRONT1 Z ! FLY1 ! HORSEFLY1 ! GADFLY1 &!
GNAT4
  ,BLOOD.S ANIMALS Z A G5]AL RULE >E
9F]IOR 9 PO9T ( SIZE 6BLOOD$ ANIMALS2
?\<1 0! WAY1 "! >E F.D 9 ! SEA "S FEW
BLOOD.S CR1TURES ( ABNORMAL SIZE1 Z 9 !
CASE ( C]TA9 MOLLUSCS4 ,&( ^! BLOOD.S
G5]A1 ^? >E ! L>GE/ T DWELL 9 MILD]
CLIMATES1 & ^? T 9HABIT ! SEA >E L>G]
?AN ^? LIV+ ON DRY L& OR 9 FRE% WAT]4
  ,ALL CR1TURES T >E CAPA# ( MO;N MOVE )
F\R OR M PO9TS ( MO;N2 ! BLOOD$ ANIMALS
) F\R ONLY3 Z1 = 9/.E1 MAN ) TWO H&S &
TWO FEET1 BIRDS ) TWO W+S & TWO FEET1
QUADRUP$S & FI%ES S"E,Y ) F\R FEET & F\R
F9S4 ,CR1TURES T H TWO W+LETS OR F9S1 OR
T H N"O AT ALL L S]P5TS1 MOVE ALL ! SAME
) N LESS ?AN F\R PO9TS ( MO;N2 = "! >E
F\R B5DS 9 _! BODIES Z !Y MOVE1 OR TWO
B5DS TGR ) _! F9S4 ,BLOOD.S & _M FOOT$
ANIMALS1 :E!R FURNI%$ ) W+S OR FEET1
MOVE ) M ?AN F\R PO9TS ( MO;N2 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! "DFLY MOVES ) F\R FEET & F\R
W+S3 &1 ,I MAY OBS]VE 9 PASS+1 ? CR1TURE
IS EXCEP;NAL N ONLY 9 REG>D 6! DUR,N (
XS EXI/;E1 :;E X RCVS XS "N1 B AL 2C ?\<
A QUADRUP$ X HAS W+S AL4
  ,ALL ANIMALS MOVE ALIKE1 F\R-FOOT$ &
_M-FOOT$2 9 O!R ^WS1 !Y ALL MOVE CROSS-
CORN]-WISE4 ,& ANIMALS 9 G5]AL H TWO
FEET 9 ADV.E2 ! CRAB AL"O HAS F\R4
                   #F
  ,V EXT5SIVE G5]A ( ANIMALS1 96: O!R
SUBDIVI.NS FALL1 >E ! FOLL[+3 "O1 (
BIRDS2 "O1 ( FI%ES2 & ANO!R1 ( CETAC1NS4
,N[ ALL ^! CR1TURES >E BLOOD$4
  ,"! IS ANO!R G5US (! H>D-%ELL K9D1 :
IS CALL$ OY/]2 ANO!R (! S(T-%ELL K9D1 N
Z YET DESIGNAT$ 0A S+LE T]M1 S* Z ! SP9Y
CRAWFI% &! V>I\S K9DS ( CRABS & LOB/]S2
& ANO!R ( MOLLUSCS1 Z ! TWO K9DS (
CALAM>Y &! CUTTLE-FI%2 T ( 9SECTS IS
DI6]5T4 ,ALL ^! LATT] CR1TURES >E
BLOOD.S1 & S* ( !M Z H FEET H A GDLY
NUMB] ( !M2 &(! 9SECTS "S H W+S Z WELL Z
FEET4
  ,(! O!R ANIMALS ! G5]A >E N EXT5SIVE4
,= 9 !M "O SPECIES DOES N -PREH5D _M
SPECIES2 B 9 "O CASE1 Z MAN1 ! SPECIES
IS SIMPLE1 ADMITT+ ( NO DI6]5TI,N1 :ILE
O!R CASES ADMIT ( DI6]5TI,N1 B ! =MS
LACK "PICUL> DESIGN,NS4
  ,S1 = 9/.E1 CR1TURES T >E QUDAP$AL &
UNPROVID$ ) W+S >E BLOOD$ )\T EXCEP;N1 B
"S ( !M >E VIVIP>\S1 & "S OVIP>\S4 ,S* Z
>E VIVIP>\S >E HAIR-COAT$1 & S* Z >E
OVIP>\S >E COV]$ )A K9D ( TESSELLAT$ H>D
SUB/.E2 &! TESSELLAT$ BITS ( ? SUB/.E
>E1 Z X W]E1 SIMIL> 9 REG>D 6POSI;N 6A
SCALE4
  ,AN ANIMAL T IS BLOOD$ & CAPA# (
MOVE;T ON DRY L&1 B IS NATUR,Y UNPROVID$
) FEET1 2L;GS 6! S]P5T G5US2 & ANIMALS (
? G5US >E COAT$ )! TESSELLAT$ HORNY
SUB/.E4 ,S]P5TS 9 G5]AL >E OVIP>\S2 !
A4]1 AN EXCEP;NAL CASE1 IS VIVIP>\S3 = N
ALL VIVIP>\S ANIMALS >E HAIR-COAT$1 & "S
FI%ES AL >E VIVIP>\S4
  ,ALL ANIMALS1 H["E1 T >E HAIR-COAT$ >E
VIVIP>\S4 ,=1 0! WAY1 "O M/ REG>D Z A
K9D ( HAIR S* PRICKLY HAIRS Z H$GEHOGS &
PORCUP9ES C>RY2 = ^! SP9ES P]=M ! (FICE
( HAIR1 & N ( FEET Z IS ! CASE ) SIMIL>
"PS ( SEA-UR*9S4
  ,9 ! G5US T -B9ES ALL VIVIP>\S
QUADRUP$S >E _M SPECIES1 B "U NO -MON
APPELL,N4 ,!Y >E ONLY "ND Z X 7 "O 0"O1
Z WE SAY MAN1 LION1 /AG1 HORSE1 DOG1 & S
ON2 ?\<1 0! WAY1 "! IS A SORT ( G5US T
EMBRACES ALL CR1TURES T H BU%Y MANES &
BU%Y TAILS1 S* Z ! HORSE1 ! ASS1 ! MULE1
! J5NET1 &! ANIMALS T >E CALL$ ,HEMIONI
9 ,SYRIA1-F _! EXT]N,Y RESEMBL+ MULES1
?\< !Y >E N /RICTLY (! SAME SPECIES4 ,&
T !Y >E N S IS PROV$ 0! FACT T !Y MATE )
& BRE$ F "O ANO!R4 ,= ALL ^! R1SONS1 WE
M/ TAKE ANIMALS SPECIES 0SPECIES1 &
4CUSS _! PECULI>ITIES S"E,Y0'
  ,^! PREC$+ /ATE;TS1 !N1 H BE5 PUT =W>D
?US 9 A G5]AL WAY1 Z A K9D ( =ETA/E (!
NUMB] ( SUBJECTS &(! PROP]TIES T WE H
63SID] 9 ORD] T WE MAY F/ GET A CLE>
NO;N ( 4T9CTIVE "* & -MON PROP]TIES4 ,0&
0WE % 4CUSS ^! MATT]S ) GRT] M9UTE;S4
  ,AF ? WE % PASS ON 6! 4CUS.N ( CAUSES4
,= 6D ? :5 ! 9VE/IG,N (! DETAILS IS
-PLETE IS ! PROP] & NATURAL ME?OD1 & T
":BY ! SUBJECTS &! PREMISSES ( \R >GU;T
W AFWS 2 R5D]$ PLA94
  ,9 ! F/ PLACE WE M/ LOOK 6! 3/ITU5T
"PS ( ANIMALS4 ,= X IS 9 A WAY RELATIVE
6^! "PS1 F/ & =EMO/1 T ANIMALS 9 _!
5TIRETY DI6] F "O ANO!R3 EI 9 ! FACT T
"S H ? OR T1 :ILE !Y H N T OR ?2 OR
0PECULI>ITIES ( POSI;N OR ( >RANGE;T2 OR
0! DI6];ES T H BE5 PREVI\SLY M5;N$1
DEP5D+ ^U DIV]S;Y ( =M1 OR EXCESS OR
DEFECT 9 ? OR T "PICUL>1 ON ANALOGY1 OR
ON 3TRA/S (! A3ID5TAL QUALITIES4
  ,62G9 )1 WE M/ TAKE 963SID],N ! "PS (
,MAN4 ,=1 J Z EA* N,N IS WONT 6RECKON 0T
M"OT>Y /&>D ) : X IS MO/ FAMILI>1 S M/
WE D 9 O!R MATT]S4 ,&1 ( C\RSE1 MAN IS !
ANIMAL ) : WE >E ALL ( U ! MO/ FAMILI>4
  ,N[ ! "PS >E OBVI\S 5 6PHYSICAL
P]CEP;N4 ,H["E1 )! VIEW ( OBS]V+ DUE
ORD] & SEQU;E &( -B9+ R,NAL NO;NS )
PHYSICAL P]CEP;N1 WE % PROCE$ 6ENUM]ATE
! "PS3 F/LY1 ! ORGANIC1 & AFWS ! SIMPLE
OR NON-COMPOSITE4
                   #G
  ,! *IEF "PS 96: ! BODY Z A :OLE IS
SUBDIVID$1 >E ! H1D1 ! NECK1 ! TRUNK
7EXT5D+ F ! NECK 6! PRIVY "PS71 : IS
CALL$ ! ?ORAX1 TWO >MS & TWO LEGS4
  ,(! "PS ( : ! H1D IS -POS$ ! HAIR-
COV]$ POR;N IS CALL$ ! ,8SKULL0'4 ,!
FRONT POR;N ( X IS T]M$ ,8BREGMA0' OR
,8S9CIPUT0'1 DEVELOP$ AF BIR?-= X IS !
LA/ ( ALL ! B"OS 9 ! BODY 6ACQUIRE
SOLID;Y1-! H9D] "P IS T]M$ ! ,8O3IPUT0'1
&! "P 9T]V5+ 2T ! S9CIPUT &! O3IPUT IS !
,8CR[N0'4 ,! BRA9 LIES "UN1? ! S9CIPUT2
! O3IPUT IS HOLL[4 ,! SKULL 3SI/S
5TIRELY ( ?9 B"O1 R.D$ 9 %APE1 & 3TA9$
)9 A WRAPP] ( FLE%.S SK94
  ,! SKULL HAS SUTURES3 "O1 ( CIRCUL>
=M1 9 ! CASE ( WOM52 9 ! CASE ( M51 Z A
G5]AL RULE1 ?REE MEET+ AT A PO9T4 ,9/.ES
H BE5 "KN (A MAN'S SKULL DEVOID ( SUTURE
ALT4 ,9 ! SKULL ! MI4LE L9E1 ": ! HAIR
"PS1 IS CALL$ ! CR[N OR V]TEX4 ,9 "S
CASES ! "P+ IS D\#2 T IS 6SAY1 "S M5 >E
D\# CR[N$1 N 9 REG>D 6! BONY SKULL1 B 9
3SEQU;E (! D\# FALL OR SET (! HAIR4
                   #H
  ,! "P T LIES "U ! SKULL IS CALL$ !
,8FACE0'3 B 9 ! CASE ( MAN ONLY1 =! T]M
IS N APPLI$ 6A FI% OR 6AN OX4 ,9 ! FACE
! "P 2L ! S9CIPUT & 2T ! EYES IS T]M$ !
=EH1D4 ,:5 M5 H L>GE =EH1DS1 !Y >E SL[
6MOVE2 :5 !Y H SMALL "OS1 !Y >E FICKLE2
:5 !Y H BROAD "OS1 !Y >E APT 6BE
4TRAU<T2 :5 !Y H =EH1DS R.D$ OR BULG+ \1
!Y >E QK-TEMP]$4
                   #I
  ,"UN1? ! =EH1D >E TWO EYEBR[S4 ,/RAI<T
EYEBR[S >E A SIGN ( S(T;S ( 4POSI;N2 S*
Z CURVE 9 T[>DS ! NOSE1 ( H>%;S2 S* Z
CURVE \ T[>DS ! TEMPLES1 ( HUM\R &
4SIMUL,N2 S* Z >E DRAWN 9 T[>DS "O
ANO!R1 ( J1L\SY4
  ,"U ! EYEBR[S -E ! EYES4 ,^! >E
NATUR,Y TWO 9 NUMB]4 ,EA* ( !M HAS AN
UPP] &A L[] EYELID1 &! HAIRS ON ! $GES (
^! >E T]M$ ,8EYELA%ES0'4 ,! C5TRAL "P (!
EYE 9CLUDES ! MOI/ "P ":BY VI.N IS
E6ECT$1 T]M$ ! ,8PUPIL0'1 &! "P SURR.D+
X CALL$ ! ,8BLACK0'2 ! "P \TSIDE ? IS !
,8:ITE0'4 ,A "P -MON 6! UPP] & L[]
EYELID IS A PAIR ( NICKS OR CORN]S1 "O 9
! DIREC;N (! NOSE1 &! O!R 9 ! DIREC;N (!
TEMPLES4 ,:5 ^! >E L;G !Y >E A SIGN (
BAD 4POSI;N2 IF ! SIDE T[>D ! NO/RIL 2
FLE%Y & -B-L1 !Y >E A SIGN ( 4H"O/Y4
  ,ALL ANIMALS1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 >E
PROVID$ ) EYES1 EXCEPT+ ! O/RACOD]MS &
O!R IMP]FECT CR1TURES2 AT ALL EV5TS1 ALL
VIVIP>\S ANIMALS H EYES1 )! EXCEP;N (!
MOLE4 ,& YET "O MI<T ASS]T T1 ?\< ! MOLE
HAS N EYES 9 ! FULL S5SE1 YET X HAS EYES
9 A K9D (A WAY4 ,= 9 PO9T ( ABSOLUTE
FACT X _C SEE1 & HAS NO EYES VISI#
EXT]N,Y2 B :5 ! \T] SK9 IS REMOV$1 X IS
F.D 6H ! PLACE ": EYES >E USU,Y SITUAT$1
&! BLACK "PS (! EYES "RLY SITUAT$1 & ALL
! PLACE T IS USU,Y DEVOT$ ON ! \TSIDE
6EYES3 %[+ T ! "PS >E /UNT$ 9 DEVELOP;T1
&! SK9 ALL[$ 6GR[ OV]4
                  #AJ
  ,(! EYE ! :ITE IS PRETTY M* ! SAME 9
ALL CR1TURES2 B :AT IS CALL$ ! BLACK
DI6]S 9 V>I\S ANIMALS4 ,"S H ! RIM
BLACK1 "S 4T9CTLY BLUE1 "S GREYI%-BLUE1
"S GRE5I%2 & ? LA/ COL\R IS ! SIGN ( AN
EXCELL5T 4POSI;N1 & IS "PICUL>LY WELL
ADAPT$ = %>P;S ( VI.N4 ,MAN IS ! ONLY1
OR NE>LY ! ONLY1 CR1TURE1 T HAS EYES (
DIV]SE COL\RS4 ,ANIMALS1 Z A RULE1 H
EYES ( "O COL\R ONLY4 ,"S HORSES H BLUE
EYES4
  ,( EYES1 "S >E L>GE1 "S SMALL1 "S
M$IUM-SIZ$2 ( ^!1 ! M$IUM-SIZ$ >E ! BE/4
,MOREOV]1 EYES "S"TS PROTRUDE1 "S"TS
REC$E1 "S"TS >E NEI PROTRUD+ NOR REC$+4
,( ^!1 ! REC$+ EYE IS 9 ALL ANIMALS !
MO/ ACUTE2 B ! LA/ K9D >E ! SIGN (! BE/
4POSI;N4 ,AG1 EYES >E "S"TS 9CL9$ 6W9K
"U OBS]V,N1 "S"TS 6REMA9 OP5 & />+1 &
"S"TS >E 4POS$ NEI 6W9K NOR />E4 ,! LA/
K9D >E ! SIGN (! BE/ NATURE1 &(! O!RS1 !
LATT] K9D 9DICATES IMPUD;E1 &! =M]
9DECI.N4
                  #AA
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "! IS A POR;N (! H1D1 ":BY
AN ANIMAL HE>S1 A "P 9CAPA# ( BR1?+1 !
,8E>0'4 ,I SAY ,89CAPA# ( BR1?+0'1 =
,ALCMAEON IS MISTAK5 :5 HE SAYS T GOATS
9SPIRE "? _! E>S4 ,(! E> "O "P IS UN"ND1
! O!R "P IS CALL$ ! ,8LOBE0'2 & X IS
5TIRELY -POS$ ( GRI/LE & FLE%4 ,! E> IS
3/RUCT$ 9T]N,Y L ! TRUMPET-%ELL1 &!
9N]MO/ B"O IS L ! E> XF1 & 96X AT ! 5D !
S.D MAKES XS WAY1 Z 96! BOTTOM (A J>4 ,?
RECEPTACLE DOES N -MUNICATE 0ANY PASSAGE
)! BRA91 B DOES S )! PALATE1 &A VE9
EXT5DS F ! BRA9 T[>DS X4 ,! EYES AL >E
3NECT$ )! BRA91 & EA* ( !M LIES AT ! 5D
(A LL VE94 ,( ANIMALS POSSESS$ ( E>S MAN
IS ! ONLY "O T _C MOVE ? ORGAN4 ,(
CR1TURES POSSESS$ ( HE>+1 "S H E>S1 :IL/
O!RS H N"O1 B M]ELY H ! PASSAGES = E>S
VISI#1 Z1 = EXAMPLE1 F1!R$ ANIMALS OR
ANIMALS COAT$ ) HORNY TESSELLATES4
  ,VIVIP>\S ANIMALS1 )! EXCEP;N (! S1L1
! DOLPH91 & ^? O!RS : AF A SIMIL> FA%ION
6^! >E CETAC1NS1 >E ALL PROVID$ ) E>S2
=1 0! WAY1 ! %>K-K9D >E AL VIVIP>\S4
,N[1 ! S1L HAS ! PASSAGES VISI# ":BY X
HE>S2 B ! DOLPH9 C HE>1 B HAS NO E>S1
NOR YET ANY PASSAGES VISI#4 ,B MAN AL"O
IS UNA# 6MOVE 8 E>S1 & ALL O!R ANIMALS C
MOVE !M4 ,&! E>S LIE1 ) MAN1 9 ! SAME
HORIZONTAL PLANE )! EYES1 & N 9 A PLANE
ABV !M Z IS ! CASE ) "S QUADRUP$S4 ,(
E>S1 "S >E F9E1 "S >E CO>SE1 & "S >E (
M$IUM TEXTURE2 ! LA/ K9D >E BE/ = HE>+1
B !Y S]VE 9 NO WAY 69DICATE "*4 ,"S E>S
>E L>GE1 "S SMALL1 "S M$IUM-SIZ$2 AG1 "S
/& \ F>1 "S LIE 9 CLOSE & TI<T1 & "S
TAKE UP A M$IUM POSI;N2 ( ^! S* Z >E (
M$IUM SIZE &( M$IUM POSI;N >E 9DIC,NS (!
BE/ 4POSI;N1 :ILE ! L>GE & \T/&+ "OS
9DICATE A T5D5CY 6IRRELEVANT TALK OR
*ATT]+4 ,! "P 9T]CEPT$ 2T ! EYE1 ! E>1 &
! CR[N IS T]M$ ! ,8TEMPLE0'4 ,AG1 "! IS
A "P (! C.T5.E T S]VES Z A PASSAGE =!
BR1?1 ! ,8NOSE0'4 ,=A MAN 9HALES &
EXHALES 0? ORGAN1 & SNEEZ+ IS E6ECT$ 0XS
M1NS3 : LA/ IS AN \TW>D RU% ( COLLECT$
BR1?1 & IS ! ONLY MODE ( BR1? US$ Z AN
OM5 & REG>D$ Z SUP]NATURAL4 ,BO? 9HAL,N
& EXHAL,N G "R ON F ! NOSE T[>DS ! *E/2
&)! NO/RILS AL"O & SEP>ATELY X IS
IMPOSSI# 69HALE OR EXHALE1 [+ 6! FACT T
! 9SPIR,N & RESPIR,N TAKE PLACE F ! *E/
AL;G ! W9DPIPE1 & N 0ANY POR;N 3NECT$ )!
H1D2 & 9DE$ X IS POSSI# =A CR1TURE 6LIVE
)\T US+ ? PROCESS ( NASAL RESPIR,N4
  ,AG1 SMELL+ TAKES PLACE 0M1NS (!
NOSE1-SMELL+1 OR ! S5SI# 4CRIM9,N (
OD\R4 ,&! NO/RIL ADMITS ( EASY MO;N1 &
IS N1 L ! E>1 9TR9SIC,Y IMMOVA#4 ,A "P (
X1 -POS$ ( GRI/LE1 3/ITUTES1 A SEPTUM OR
"PI;N1 & "P IS AN OP5 PASSAGE2 =! NO/RIL
3SI/S ( TWO SEP>ATE *ANNELS4 ,! NO/RIL
7OR NOSE7 (! ELEPHANT IS L;G & /R;G1 &!
ANIMAL USES X L A H&2 = 0M1NS ( ? ORGAN
X DRAWS OBJECTS T[>DS X1 & TAKES HOLD (
!M1 & 9TRODUCES XS FOOD 96XS M\?1 :E!R
LIQUID OR DRY FOOD1 & X IS ! ONLY LIV+
CR1TURE T DOES S4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "! >E TWO JAWS2 ! FRONT "P
( !M 3/ITUTES ! *91 &! H9D] "P ! *EEK4
,ALL ANIMALS MOVE ! L[] JAW1 )! EXCEP;N
(! RIV] CROCODILE2 ? CR1TURE MOVES !
UPP] JAW ONLY4
  ,NEXT AF ! NOSE -E TWO LIPS1 -POS$ (
FLE%1 & FACILE ( MO;N4 ,! M\? LIES 9SIDE
! JAWS & LIPS4 ,"PS (! M\? >E ! RO( OR
PALATE &! PH>YNX4
  ,! "P T IS S5SI# ( TA/E IS ! T;GUE4 ,!
S5S,N HAS XS S1T AT ! TIP (! T;GUE2 IF !
OBJECT 6BE TA/$ 2 PLAC$ ON ! FLAT
SURFACE (! ORGAN1 ! TA/E IS LESS S5SIBLY
EXP]I;ED4 ,! T;GUE IS S5SITIVE 9 ALL O!R
WAYS ":9 FLE% 9 G5]AL IS S3 T IS1 X C
APPRECIATE H>D;S1 OR W>M? & COLD1 9 ANY
"P ( X1 J Z X C APPRECIATE TA/E4 ,!
T;GUE IS "S"TS BROAD1 "S"TS N>R[1 &
"S"TS ( M$IUM WID?2 ! LA/ K9D IS ! BE/ &
! CLE>E/ 9 XS 4CRIM9,N ( TA/E4 ,MOREOV]1
! T;GUE IS "S"TS LOOSELY HUNG1 & "S"TS
FA/5$3 Z 9 ! CASE ( ^? :O MUM# & :O
LISP4
  ,! T;GUE 3SI/S ( FLE%1 S(T & SP;GY1 &!
S-CALL$ ,8EPIGLOTTIS0' IS A "P ( ?
ORGAN4
  ,T "P (! M\? T SPLITS 96TWO BITS IS
CALL$ ! ,8TONSILS0'2 T "P T SPLITS 96_M
BITS1 ! ,8GUMS0'4 ,BO? ! TONSILS &! GUMS
>E -POS$ ( FLE%4 ,9 ! GUMS >E TEE?1
-POS$ ( B"O4
  ,9SIDE ! M\? IS ANO!R "P1 %AP$ L A
BUN* ( GRAPES1 A PILL> /R1K$ ) VE9S4 ,IF
? PILL> GETS RELAX$ & 9FLAM$ X IS CALL$
,8UVULA0' OR ,8BUN* ( GRAPES0'1 & X !N
HAS A T5D5CY 6BR+ AB SU6OC,N4
                  #AB
  ,! NECK IS ! "P 2T ! FACE &! TRUNK4 ,(
? ! FRONT "P IS ! L>YNX L& ! BACK "P !
UR ,! FRONT "P1 -POS$ ( GRI/LE1 "? :
RESPIR,N & SPEE* IS E6ECT$1 IS T]M$ !
,8W9DPIPE0'2 ! "P T IS FLE%Y IS !
OESOPHAGUS1 9SIDE J 9 FRONT (! *9E4 ,!
"P 6! BACK (! NECK IS ! EPOMIS1 OR
,8%\LD]-PO9T0'4
  ,^! !N >E ! "PS 6BE MET ) 2F Y -E 6!
?ORAX4
  ,6! TRUNK "! IS A FRONT "P &A BACK "P4
,NEXT AF ! NECK 9 ! FRONT "P IS ! *E/1 )
A PAIR ( BR1/S4 ,6EA* (! BR1/S IS ATTA*$
A T1T OR NIPPLE1 "? : 9 ! CASE ( FEMALES
! MILK P]COLATES2 &! BR1/ IS (A SP;GY
TEXTURE4 ,MILK1 0! WAY1 IS F.D AT "TS 9
! MALE2 B )! MALE ! FLE% (! BR1/ IS T\<1
)! FEMALE X IS S(T & POR\S4
                  #AC
  ,NEXT AF ! ?ORAX & 9 FRONT -ES !
,8BELLY0'1 & XS ROOT ! ,8NAVEL0'4 ,"UN1?
? ROOT ! BILAT]AL "P IS ! ,8FLANK0'3 !
UNDIVID$ "P 2L ! NAVEL1 ! ,8ABDOM50'1 !
EXTREM;Y ( : IS ! REGION (! ,8PUBES0'2
ABV ! NAVEL ! ,8HYPO*ONDRIUM0'2 ! CAV;Y
-MON 6! HYPO*ONDRIUM &! FLANK IS ! GUT-
CAV;Y4
  ,S]V+ Z A BRACE GIRDLE 6! H9D] "PS IS
! PELVIS1 & H;E X GETS XS "N 7OSPHUS71 =
X IS SYMMETRICAL 7ISOPHUES7 9 APPE>.E2 (
! FUNDA;T ! "P = RE/+ ON IS T]M$ !
,8RUMP0'1 &! "P ":ON ! ?I< PIVOTS IS
T]M$ ! ,8SOCKET0' 7OR ACETABULUM74
  ,! ,8WOMB0' IS A "P PECULI> 6! FEMALE2
&! ,8P5IS0' IS PECULI> 6! MALE4 ,? LATT]
ORGAN IS EXT]NAL & SITUAT$ AT ! EXTREM;Y
(! TRUNK2 X IS -POS$ ( TWO SEP>ATE "PS3
( : ! EXTREME "P IS FLE%Y1 DOES N ALT] 9
SIZE1 & IS CALL$ ! GLANS2 & R.D AB X IS
A SK9 DEVOID ( ANY SPECIFIC TITLE1 :
9TEGU;T IF X 2 CUT AS"U N"E GR[S TGR AG1
ANY M ?AN DOES ! JAW OR ! EYELID4 ,&!
3NEXION 2T ! LATT] &! GLANS IS CALL$ !
FR5UM4 ,! REMA9+ "P (! P5IS IS -POS$ (
GRI/LE2 X IS EASILY SUSCEPTI# ( 5L>GE;T2
& X PROTRUDES & REC$ES 9 ! REV]SE
DIREC;NS 6:AT IS OBS]VA# 9 ! ID5TICAL
ORGAN 9 CATS4 ,"UN1? ! P5IS >E TWO
,8TE/ICLES0'1 &! 9TEGU;T ( ^! IS A SK9 T
IS T]M$ ! ,8SCROTUM0'4
  ,TE/ICLES >E N ID5TICAL ) FLE%1 & >E N
ALT DIV]SE F X4 ,B 0& 0WE % TR1T 9 AN
EXHAU/IVE WAY REG>D+ ALL S* "PS4

                  #AD
  ,! PRIVY "P (! FEMALE IS 9 "* OPPOSITE
6T (! MALE4 ,9 O!R ^WS1 ! "P "U ! PUBES
IS HOLL[ OR REC$+1 & N1 L ! MALE ORGAN1
PROTRUD+4 ,FUR!R1 "! IS AN ,8URE?RA0'
\TSIDE ! WOMB2 : ORGAN S]VES Z A PASSAGE
=! SP]M (! MALE1 & Z AN \TLET = LIQUID
EXCRE;N 6BO? SEXES74
  ,! "P -MON 6! NECK & *E/ IS !
,8?ROAT0'2 ! ,8>MPIT0' IS -MON 6SIDE1
>M1 & %\LD]2 &! ,8GRO9' IS -MON 6?I< &
ABDOM54 ,! "P 9SIDE ! ?I< & BUTTOCKS IS
! ,8P]9EUM0'1 &! "P \TSIDE ! ?I< &
BUTTOCKS IS ! ,8HYPOGLUTIS0'4
  ,! FRONT "PS (! TRUNK H N[ BE5
ENUM]AT$4
  ,! "P 2H ! *E/ IS T]M$ ! ,8BACK0'4
                  #AE
  ,"PS (! BACK >E A PAIR (
,8%\LD]BLADES0'1 ! ,8BACK-B"O0'1 &1
"UN1? ON A LEVEL )! BELLY 9 ! TRUNK1 !
,8LO9S0'4 ,-MON 6! UPP] & L[] "P (!
TRUNK >E ! ,8RIBS0'1 EI<T ON EI SIDE1 =
Z 6! S-CALL$ SEV5-RI2$ ,LIGYANS WE H N
RCVD ANY TRU/WOR?Y EVID;E4
  ,MAN1 !N1 HAS AN UPP] &A L[] "P1 A
FRONT &A BACK "P1 A "R &A LEFT SIDE4 ,N[
! "R &! LEFT SIDE >E PRETTY WELL ALIKE 9
_! "PS & ID5TICAL "?\T1 EXCEPT T ! LEFT
SIDE IS ! W1K] (! TWO2 B ! BACK "PS D N
RESEM# ! FRONT "OS1 NEI D ! L[] "OS !
UPP]3 ONLY T ^! UPP] & L[] "PS MAY 2 SD
6RESEM# "O ANO!R ?US F>1 T1 IF ! FACE 2
PLUMP OR M1GRE1 ! ABDOM5 IS PLUMP OR
M1GRE 6CORRESPOND2 & T ! LEGS CORRESPOND
6! >MS1 & ": ! UPP] >M IS %ORT ! ?I< IS
USU,Y %ORT AL1 & ": ! FEET >E SMALL !
H&S >E SMALL CORRESPOND+LY4
  ,(! LIMBS1 "O SET1 =M+ A PAIR1 IS
,8>MS0'4 ,6! >M 2L;G ! ,8%\LD]0'1
,8UPP]->M0'1 ,8ELB[0'1 ,8=E->M0'1 &
,8H&0'4 ,6! H& 2L;G ! ,8PALM0'1 &! FIVE
,8F+]S0'4 ,! "P (! F+] T B5DS IS T]M$
,8KNUCKLE0'1 ! "P T IS 9FLEXI# IS T]M$ !
,8PHALANX0'4 ,! BIG F+] OR ?UMB IS S+LE-
JO9T$1 ! O!R F+]S >E D\# JO9T$4 ,! B5D+
BO? (! >M &(! F+] TAKES PLACE F )\T
9W>DS 9 ALL CASES2 &! >M B5DS AT ! ELB[4
,! 9N] "P (! H& IS T]M$ ! PALM0'1 & IS
FLE%Y & DIVID$ 0JO9TS OR L9ES3 9 ! CASE
( L;G-LIV$ P 0"O OR TWO EXT5D+ "R ACR1 9
! CASE (! %ORT-LIV$ 0TWO1 N S EXT5D+4 ,!
JO9T 2T H& & >M IS T]M$ ! ,8WRI/0'4 ,!
\TSIDE OR BACK (! H& IS S9EWY1 & HAS NO
SPECIFIC DESIGN,N4
  ,"! IS ANO!R DUPLICATE LIMB1 !
,8LEG0'4 ,( ? LIMB ! D\#-KNO2$ "P IS
T]M$ ! ,8?I<-B"O0'1 ! SLID+ "P (!
,8KNEECAP0'1 ! D\#-BON$ "P ! ,8LEG0'2 !
FRONT "P ( ? LATT] IS T]M$ ! ,8%9'1 &!
"P 2H X ! ,8CALF0'1 ":9 ! FLE% IS S9EWY
& V5\S1 9 "S CASES DRAWN UPW>DS T[>DS !
HOLL[ 2H ! KNEE1 Z 9 ! CASE ( P ) L>GE
HIPS1 & 9 O!R CASES DRAWN D[NW>DS4 ,!
L[] EXTREM;Y (! %9 IS ! ,8ANKLE0'1
DUPLICATE 9 EI LEG4 ,! "P (! LIMB T
3TA9S A MULTIPLIC;Y ( B"OS IS !
,8FOOT0'4 ,! H9D] "P (! FOOT IS !
,8HEEL0'2 AT ! FRONT ( X ! DIVID$ "P
3SI/S ( ,8TOES0'1 FIVE 9 NUMB]2 ! FLE%Y
"P "UN1? IS ! ,8BALL0'2 ! UPP] "P OR
BACK (! FOOT IS S9EWY & HAS NO "PICUL>
APPELL,N2 (! TOE1 "O POR;N IS ! ,8NAIL0'
& ANO!R ! ,8JO9T0'1 &! NAIL IS 9 ALL
CASES AT ! EXTREM;Y2 & TOES >E )\T
EXCEP;N S+LE JO9T$4 ,M5 T H ! 9SIDE OR
SOLE (! FOOT CLUMSY & N >*$1 T IS1 T
WALK RE/+ ON ! 5TIRE "U-SURFACE ( _!
FEET1 >E PR"O 6ROGU]Y4 ,! JO9T -MON 6?I<
& %9 IS ! ,8KNEE0'4
  ,^!1 !N1 >E ! "PS -MON 6! MALE &!
FEMALE SEX4 ,! RELATIVE POSI;N (! "PS Z
6UP & D[N1 OR 6FRONT & BACK1 OR 6"R &
LEFT1 ALL ? Z REG>DS EXT]NALS MI<T
SAFELY 2 LEFT 6M]E ORD9>Y P]CEP;N4 ,B =
ALL T1 WE M/ TR1T ( !M =! SAME R1SON Z !
"O PREVI\SLY BR"\ =W>D2 T IS 6SAY1 WE M/
REF] 6!M 9 ORD] T A DUE & REGUL> SEQU;E
MAY 2 OBS]V$ 9 \R EXPOSI;N1 & 9 ORD] T
0! ENUM],N ( ^! OBVI\S FACTS DUE ATT5;N
MAY 2 SUBSEQU5TLY GIV5 6^? "PS 9 M5 &
O!R ANIMALS T >E DIV]SE 9 ANY WAY F "O
ANO!R4
  ,9 MAN1 ABV ALL O!R ANIMALS1 ! T]MS
,8UPP]0' & ,8L[]0' >E US$ 9 H>MONY ) _!
NATURAL POSI;NS2 = 9 HM1 UPP] & L[] H !
SAME M1N+ Z :5 !Y >E APPLI$ 6! UNIV]SE Z
A :OLE4 ,9 L MANN] ! T]MS1 ,8IN FRONT0'1
,82H0'1 ,8"R0' & ,8LEFT0'1 >E US$ 9
A3ORD.E ) _! NATURAL S5SE4 ,B 9 REG>D
6O!R ANIMALS1 9 "S CASES ^! 4T9C;NS D N
EXI/1 & 9 O!RS !Y D S1 B 9 A VAGUE WAY4
,= 9/.E1 ! H1D ) ALL ANIMALS IS UP & ABV
9 RESPECT 6_! BODIES2 B MAN AL"O1 Z HAS
BE5 SD1 HAS1 9 MATUR;Y1 ? "P UPP]MO/ 9
RESPECT 6! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4
  ,NEXT AF ! H1D -ES ! NECK1 & !N ! *E/
&! BACK3 ! "O 9 FRONT &! O!R 2H4 ,NEXT
AF ^! -E ! BELLY1 ! LO9S1 ! SEXUAL "PS1
&! HAUN*ES2 !N ! ?I< & %92 &1 LA/LY1 !
FEET4
  ,! LEGS B5D FRONTW>DS1 9 ! DIREC;N (
ACTUAL PROGRES.N1 & FRONTW>DS AL LIES T
"P (! FOOT : IS ! MO/ E6ECTIVE ( MO;N1 &
! FLEXURE ( T "P2 B ! HEEL LIES AT !
BACK1 &! ANKLEB"OS LIE LAT],Y1 E>WISE4
,! >MS >E SITUAT$ 6"R & LEFT1 & B5D
9W>DS3 S T ! 3VEXITIES =M$ 0B5T >MS &
LEGS >E PRACTIC,Y FACE 6FACE ) "O ANO!R
9 ! CASE ( MAN4
  ,Z =! S5SES &=! ORGANS ( S5S,N1 !
EYES1 ! NO/RILS1 &! T;GUE1 ALL ALIKE >E
SITUAT$ FRONTW>DS2 ! S5SE ( HE>+1 &!
ORGAN ( HE>+1 ! E>1 IS SITUAT$ SIDEWAYS1
ON ! SAME HORIZONTAL PLANE )! EYES4 ,!
EYES 9 MAN >E1 9 PROPOR;N 6HIS SIZE1
NE>] 6"O ANO!R ?AN 9 ANY O!R ANIMAL4
  ,(! S5SES MAN HAS ! S5SE ( T\* M REF9$
?AN ANY ANIMAL1 & S AL1 B 9 LESS DEGREE1
! S5SE ( TA/E2 9 ! DEVELOP;T (! O!R
S5SES HE IS SURPASS$ 0A GRT NUMB] (
ANIMALS4
                  #AF
  ,! "PS1 !N1 T >E EXT]N,Y VISI# >E
>RANG$ 9 ! WAY ABV /AT$1 & Z A RULE H _!
SPECIAL DESIGN,NS1 & F USE & WONT >E "KN
FAMILI>LY 6ALL2 B ? IS N ! CASE )! 9N]
"PS4 ,=! FACT IS T ! 9N] "PS ( MAN >E 6A
V GRT EXT5T UN"KN1 &! 3SEQU;E IS T WE M/
H REC\RSE 6AN EXAM9,N (! 9N] "PS ( O!R
ANIMALS ^: NATURE 9 ANY WAY RESEM#S T (
MAN4
  ,9 ! F/ PLACE !N1 ! BRA9 LIES 9 !
FRONT "P (! H1D4 ,& ? HOLDS ALIKE ) ALL
ANIMALS POSSESS$ (A BRA92 & ALL BLOOD$
ANIMALS >E POSSESS$ "!(1 &1 0! WAY1
MOLLUSCS Z WELL4 ,B1 TAK+ SIZE = SIZE (
ANIMAL1 ! L>GE/ BRA91 &! MOI/E/1 IS T (
MAN4 ,TWO MEMBRANES 5CLOSE X3 ! /R;G] "O
NE> ! B"O (! SKULL2 ! 9N] "O1 R.D ! BRA9
XF1 IS F9]4 ,! BRA9 9 ALL CASES IS
BILAT]AL4 ,2H ?1 "R AT ! BACK1 -ES :AT
IS T]M$ ! ,8C]EBELLUM0'1 DI6]+ 9 =M F !
BRA9 Z WE MAY BO? FEEL & SEE4
  ,! BACK (! H1D IS ) ALL ANIMALS EMPTY
& HOLL[1 :AT"E 2 XS SIZE 9 ! DI6]5T
ANIMALS4 ,= "S CR1TURES H BIG H1DS :ILE
! FACE 2L IS SMALL 9 PROPOR;N1 Z IS !
CASE ) R.D-FAC$ ANIMALS2 "S H LL H1DS &
L;G JAWS1 Z IS ! CASE1 )\T EXCEP;N1 AM;G
ANIMALS (! MANE-&-TAIL SPECIES4
  ,! BRA9 9 ALL ANIMALS IS BLOOD.S1
DEVOID ( VE9S1 & NATUR,Y COLD 6! T\*2 9
! GRT MAJOR;Y ( ANIMALS X HAS A SMALL
HOLL[ 9 XS C5TRE4 ,! BRA9-CAUL >.D X IS
RETICULAT$ ) VE9S2 & ? BRA9-CAUL IS T
SK9-L MEMBRANE : CLOSELY SURR.DS ! BRA94
,ABV ! BRA9 IS ! ?9NE/ & W1KE/ B"O (!
H1D1 : IS T]M$ OR ,8S9CIPUT0'4
  ,F ! EYE "! G ?REE DUCTS 6! BRA93 !
L>GE/ &! M$IUM-SIZ$ 6! C]EBELLUM1 ! L1/
6! BRA9 XF2 &! L1/ IS ! "O SITUAT$ NE>E/
6! NO/RIL4 ,! TWO L>GE/ "OS1 !N1 RUN
SIDE 0SIDE & D N MEET2 ! M$IUM-SIZ$ "OS
MEET-& ? IS "PICUL>LY VISI# 9 FI%ES1-=
!Y LIE NE>] ?AN ! L>GE "OS 6! BRA92 !
SMALLE/ PAIR >E ! MO/ WIDELY SEP>ATE F
"O ANO!R1 & D N MEET4
  ,9SIDE ! NECK IS :AT IS T]M$ !
OESOPHAGUS 7^: O!R "N IS DERIV$
OESOPHAGUS F XS L5G? & N>R[;S71 &!
W9DPIPE4 ,! W9DPIPE IS SITUAT$ 9 FRONT (
! OESOPHAGUS 9 ALL ANIMALS T H A
W9DPIPE1 & ALL ANIMALS H "O T >E FURNI%$
) LUNGS4 ,! W9DPIPE IS MADE UP ( GRI/LE1
IS SP>+LY SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD1 & IS /R1K$
ALL R.D ) NUM]\S M9UTE VE9S2 X IS
SITUAT$1 9 XS UPP] "P1 NE> ! M\?1 2L !
AP]TURE =M$ 0! NO/RILS 96! M\?-AN
AP]TURE "? :1 :5 M51 9 DR9K+1 9HALE ANY
(! LIQUID1 ? LIQUID F9DS XS WAY \ "? !
NO/RILS4 ,9 2TWIXT ! TWO OP5+S -ES ! S-
CALL$ EPIGLOTTIS1 AN ORGAN CAPA# ( 2+
DRAWN OV] & COV]+ ! ORIFICE (! W9DPIPE
-MUNICAT+ )! M\?2 ! 5D (! T;GUE IS
ATTA*$ 6! EPIGLOTTIS4 ,9 ! O!R DIREC;N !
W9DPIPE EXT5DS 6! 9T]VAL 2T ! LUNGS1 &
"H^U BIFURCATES 96EA* (! TWO DIVI.NS (!
LUNG2 =! LUNG 9 ALL ANIMALS POSSESS$ (!
ORGAN HAS A T5D5CY 6BE D\#4 ,9 VIVIP>\S
ANIMALS1 H["E1 ! DUPLIC,N IS N S PLA9LY
4C]NI# Z 9 O!R SPECIES1 &! DUPLIC,N IS
L1/ 4C]NI# 9 MAN4 ,& 9 MAN ! ORGAN IS N
SPLIT 96_M "PS1 Z IS ! CASE ) "S
VIVIP>A1 NEI IS X SMOO?1 B XS SURFACE IS
UNEV54
  ,9 ! CASE (! OVIP>A1 S* Z BIRDS &
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 ! TWO "PS (! ORGAN >E
SEP>AT$ 6A 4T.E F "O ANO!R1 S T !
CR1TURES APPE> 6BE FURNI%$ )A PAIR (
LUNGS2 & F ! W9DPIPE1 XF S+LE1 "! BRAN*
(F TWO SEP>ATE "PS EXT5D+ 6EA* (! TWO
DIVI.NS (! LUNG4 ,X IS ATTA*$ AL 6! GRT
VE9 & 6:AT IS DESIGNAT$ ! ,8AORTA0'4 ,:5
! W9DPIPE IS *>G$ ) AIR1 ! AIR PASSES ON
6! HOLL[ "PS (! LUNG4 ,^! "PS H DIVI.NS1
-POS$ ( GRI/LE1 : MEET AT AN ACUTE
ANGLE2 F ! DIVI.NS RUN PASSAGES "? !
5TIRE LUNG1 GIV+ (F SMALL] & SMALL]
RAMIFIC,NS4 ,! HE>T AL IS ATTA*$ 6!
W9DPIPE1 03NEXIONS ( FAT1 GRI/LE1 &
S9EW2 & AT ! PO9T ( JUNCTURE "! IS A
HOLL[4 ,:5 ! W9DPIPE IS *>G$ ) AIR1 !
5TR.E (! AIR 96! HE>T1 ?\< IMP]CEPTI# 9
"S ANIMALS1 IS P]CEPTI# 5 9 ! L>G] "OS4
,S* >E ! PROP]TIES (! W9DPIPE1 & X TAKES
9 & ?R[S \ AIR ONLY1 & TAKES 9 NO?+ ELSE
EI DRY OR LIQUID1 OR ELSE X CAUSES Y PA9
UNTIL Y % H C\<$ UP :AT"E MAY H G"O D[N4
  ,! OESOPHAGUS -MUNICATES AT ! TOP )!
M\?1 CLOSE 6! W9DPIPE1 & IS ATTA*$ 6!
BACKB"O &! W9DPIPE 0MEMBRAN\S LIGA;TS1 &
AT LA/ F9DS XS WAY "? ! MIDRIFF 96!
BELLY4 ,X IS -POS$ ( FLE%-L SUB/.E1 & IS
ELA/IC BO? L5G?WAYS & BR1D?WAYS4
  ,! /OMA* ( MAN RESEM#S T (A DOG2 = X
IS N M* BI7] ?AN ! B[EL1 B IS "S:AT L A
B[EL ( M ?AN USUAL WID?2 !N -ES ! B[EL1
S+LE1 3VOLUT$1 MOD]ATELY WIDE4 ,! L[] "P
(! GUT IS L T (A PIG2 = X IS BROAD1 &!
"P F X 6! BUTTOCKS IS ?ICK & %ORT4 ,!
CAUL1 OR GRT O;TUM1 IS ATTA*$ 6! MI4LE (
! /OMA*1 & 3SI/S (A FATTY MEMBRANE1 Z IS
! CASE ) ALL O!R ANIMALS ^: /OMA*S >E
S+LE & : H TEE? 9 BO? JAWS4
  ,! MES5T]Y IS OV] ! B[ELS2 ? AL IS
MEMBRAN\S & BROAD1 & TURNS 6FAT4 ,X IS
ATTA*$ 6! GRT VE9 &! AORTA1 & "! RUN "?
X A NUMB] ( VE9S CLOSELY PACK$ TGR1
EXT5D+ T[>DS ! REGION (! B[ELS1 2G9N+
ABV & 5D+ 2L4
  ,S M* =! PROP]TIES (! OESOPHAGUS1 !
W9DPIPE1 &! /OMA*4
                  #AG
  ,! HE>T HAS ?REE CAVITIES1 & IS
SITUAT$ ABV ! LUNG AT ! DIVI.N (!
W9DPIPE1 & IS PROVID$ )A FATTY & ?ICK
MEMBRANE ": X FA/5S ON 6! GRT VE9 &!
AORTA4 ,X LIES ) XS TAP]+ POR;N ^U !
AORTA1 & ? POR;N IS SIMIL>LY SITUAT$ 9
REL,N 6! *E/ 9 ALL ANIMALS T H A *E/4 ,9
ALL ANIMALS ALIKE1 9 ^? T H A *E/ & 9 ^?
T H N"O1 ! APEX (! HE>T PO9TS =W>DS1 AL?
? FACT MI<T POSSIBLY ESCAPE NOTICE 0A
*ANGE ( POSI;N "U 4SEC;N4 ,! R.D$ 5D (!
HE>T IS AT ! TOP4 ,! APEX IS 6A GRT
EXT5T FLE%Y & CLOSE 9 TEXTURE1 & 9 !
CAVITIES (! HE>T >E S9EWS4 ,Z A RULE !
HE>T IS SITUAT$ 9 ! MI4LE (! *E/ 9
ANIMALS T H A *E/1 & 9 MAN X IS SITUAT$
A LL 6! LEFT-H& SIDE1 L1N+ A LL WAY F !
DIVI.N (! BR1/S T[>DS ! LEFT BR1/ 9 !
UPP] "P (! *E/4
  ,! HE>T IS N L>GE1 & 9 XS G5]AL %APE X
IS N EL;GAT$2 9 FACT1 X IS "S:AT R.D 9
=M3 ONLY1 2 X REMEMB]$1 X IS %>P-PO9T$
AT ! BOTTOM4 ,X HAS ?REE CAVITIES1 Z HAS
BE5 SD3 ! "R-H& "O ! L>GE/ (! ?REE1 !
LEFT-H& "O ! L1/1 &! MI4LE "O 9T]M$IATE
9 SIZE4 ,ALL ^! CAVITIES1 EV5 ! TWO
SMALL "OS1 >E 3NECT$ 0PASSAGES )! LUNG1
& ? FACT IS R5D]$ Q PLA9 9 "O (!
CAVITIES4 ,& 2L1 AT ! PO9T ( ATTA*;T1 9
! L>GE/ CAV;Y "! IS A 3NEXION )! GRT VE9
7NE> : ! MES5T]Y LIES72 & 9 ! MI4LE "O
"! IS A 3NEXION )! AORTA4
  ,CANALS L1D F ! HE>T 96! LUNG1 & BRAN*
(F J Z ! W9DPIPE DOES1 RUNN+ ALL OV] !
LUNG P>ALLEL )! PASSAGES F ! W9DPIPE4 ,!
CANALS F ! HE>T >E UPP]MO/2 & "! IS NO
-MON PASSAGE1 B ! PASSAGES "? _! HAV+ A
-MON WALL RCV ! BR1? & PASS X ON 6!
HE>T2 & "O (! PASSAGES 3VEYS X 6! "R
CAV;Y1 &! O!R 6! LEFT4
  ,) REG>D 6! GRT VE9 &! AORTA WE %1 0&
BY1 TR1T ( !M TGR 9 A 4CUS.N DEVOT$ 6!M
& 6!M AL"O4 ,9 ALL ANIMALS T >E FURNI%$
)A LUNG1 & T >E BO? 9T]N,Y & EXT]N,Y
VIVIP>\S1 ! LUNG IS ( ALL ORGANS ! MO/
RI*LY SUPPLI$ ) BLOOD2 =! LUNG IS "?\T
SP;GY 9 TEXTURE1 & AL;G 0E S+LE PORE 9 X
G BRAN*ES F ! GRT VE94 ,^? :O IMAG9E X
6BE EMPTY >E ALT MISTAK52 & !Y >E L$
96_! ]ROR 0_! OBS]V,N ( LUNGS REMOV$ F
ANIMALS "U 4SEC;N1 \ ( : ORGANS ! BLOOD
_H ALL ESCAP$ IMMLY AF D1?4
  ,(! O!R 9T]NAL ORGANS ! HE>T AL"O
3TA9S BLOOD4 ,&! LUNG HAS BLOOD N 9 XF B
9 XS VE9S1 B ! HE>T HAS BLOOD 9 XF2 = 9
EA* ( XS ?REE CAVITIES X HAS BLOOD1 B !
?9NE/ BLOOD IS :AT X HAS 9 XS C5TRAL
CAV;Y4
  ,"U ! LUNG -ES ! ?ORACIC DIAPHRAGM OR
MIDRIFF1 ATTA*$ 6! RIBS1 ! HYPO*ONDRIA &
! BACKB"O1 )A ?9 MEMBRANE 9 ! MI4LE ( X4
,X HAS VE9S RUNN+ "? X2 &! DIAPHRAGM 9 !
CASE ( MAN IS ?ICK] 9 PROPOR;N 6! SIZE (
8 FRAME ?AN 9 O!R ANIMALS4
  ,"U ! DIAPHRAGM ON ! "R-H& SIDE LIES !
,8LIV]0'1 & ON ! LEFT-H& SIDE !
,8SPLE50'1 ALIKE 9 ALL ANIMALS T >E
PROVID$ ) ^! ORGANS 9 AN ORD9>Y & N
PRET]NATURAL WAY2 =1 2 X OBS]V$1 9 "S
QUADRUP$S ^! ORGANS H BE5 F.D 9 A
TRANSPOS$ POSI;N4 ,^! ORGANS >E 3NECT$ )
! /OMA* 0! CAUL4
  ,6\TW>D VIEW ! SPLE5 ( MAN IS N>R[ &
L;G1 RESEMBL+ ! SELF-SAME ORGAN 9 ! PIG4
,! LIV] 9 ! GRT MAJOR;Y ( ANIMALS IS N
PROVID$ )A ,8GALL-BLA4]0'2 B ! LATT] IS
PRES5T 9 "S4 ,! LIV] (A MAN IS R.D-%AP$1
& RESEM#S ! SAME ORGAN 9 ! OX4 ,&1 0!
WAY1 ! ABS;E ABV REF]R$ 6(A GALL-BLA4]
IS AT "TS MET ) 9 ! PRACTICE ( AUGURY4
,= 9/.E1 9 A C]TA9 4TRICT (! ,*ALCIDIC
SETTLE;T 9 ,EUBOEA ! %EEP >E DEVOID (
GALL-BLA4]S2 & 9 ,NAXOS NE>LY ALL !
QUADRUP$S H "O S L>GE T =EIGN]S :5 !Y
(F] SACRIFICE ) S* VICTIMS >E 2WILD]$ )
F"R1 "U ! IMPRES.N T ! PH5OM5ON IS N DUE
6NATURAL CAUSES1 B BODES "S MIS*IEF 6!
9DIVIDUAL (F]]S (! SACRIFICE4
  ,AG1 ! LIV] IS ATTA*$ 6! GRT VE91 B X
HAS NO -MUNIC,N )! AORTA2 =! VE9 T GOES
(F F ! GRT VE9 GOES "R "? ! LIV]1 AT A
PO9T ": >E ! S-CALL$ ,8PORTALS0' (!
LIV]4 ,! SPLE5 AL IS 3NECT$ ONLY )! GRT
VE91 =A VE9 EXT5DS 6! SPLE5 (F F X4
  ,AF ^! ORGANS -E ! ,8KIDNEYS0'1 & ^!
>E PLAC$ CLOSE 6! BACKB"O1 & RESEM# 9 "*
! SAME ORGAN 9 K9E4 ,9 ALL ANIMALS T >E
PROVID$ ) ? ORGAN1 ! "R KIDNEY IS
SITUAT$ HI<] UP ?AN ! O!R4 ,X HAS AL
LESS FATTY SUB/.E ?AN ! LEFT-H& "O & IS
LESS MOI/4 ,& ? PH5OM5ON AL IS OBS]VA# 9
ALL ! O!R ANIMALS ALIKE4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 PASSAGES OR DUCTS L1D 96!
KIDNEYS BO? F ! GRT VE9 & F ! AORTA1
ONLY N 96! CAV;Y4 ,=1 0! WAY1 "! IS A
CAV;Y 9 ! MI4LE (! KIDNEY1 BI7] 9 "S
CR1TURES & LESS 9 O!RS2 B "! IS N"O 9 !
CASE (! S1L4 ,? LATT] ANIMAL HAS KIDNEYS
RESEMBL+ 9 %APE ! ID5TICAL ORGAN 9 K9E1
B 9 XS CASE ! ORGANS >E M SOLID ?AN 9
ANY O!R "KN CR1TURE4 ,! DUCTS T L1D 96!
KIDNEYS LOSE !MVS 9 ! SUB/.E (! KIDNEYS
!MVS2 &! PRO( T !Y EXT5D NO F>!R RE/S ON
! FACT T !Y 3TA9 NO BLOOD1 NOR IS ANY
CLOT F.D "!94 ,! KIDNEYS1 H["E1 H1 Z HAS
BE5 SD1 A SMALL CAV;Y4 ,F ? CAV;Y 9 !
KIDNEY "! L1D TWO 3SID]A# DUCTS OR
URET]S 96! BLA4]2 & O!RS SPR+ F ! AORTA1
/R;G & 3T9U\S4 ,& 6! MI4LE ( EA* (! TWO
KIDNEYS IS ATTA*$ A HOLL[ S9EWY VE91
/RET*+ "R AL;G ! SP9E "? ! N>R[S2 0& 0^!
VE9S >E LO/ 9 EI LO91 & AG 2COME VISI#
EXT5D+ 6! FLANK4 ,& ^! (F-BRAN*+S (!
VE9S T]M9ATE 9 ! BLA4]4 ,=! BLA4] LIES
AT ! EXTREM;Y1 & IS HELD 9 POSI;N 0!
DUCTS /RET*+ F ! KIDNEYS1 AL;G ! /ALK T
EXT5DS 6! URE?RA2 & PRETTY WELL ALL R.D
X IS FA/5$ 0F9E S9EWY MEMBRANES1 T
RESEM# 6"S EXT5T ! ?ORACIC DIAPHRAGM4 ,!
BLA4] 9 MAN IS1 PROPOR;NATELY 6HIS SIZE1
TOL]ABLY L>GE4
  ,6! /ALK (! BLA4] ! PRIVATE "P IS
ATTA*$1 ! EXT]NAL ORIFICES COALESC+2 B A
LL L[] D[N1 "O (! OP5+S -MUNICATES )!
TE/ICLES &! O!R )! BLA4]4 ,! P5IS IS
GRI/LY & S9EWY 9 XS TEXTURE4 ,) X >E
3NECT$ ! TE/ICLES 9 MALE ANIMALS1 &!
PROP]TIES ( ^! ORGANS WE % 4CUSS 9 \R
G5]AL A3.T (! SD ORGAN4
  ,ALL ^! ORGANS >E SIMIL> 9 ! FEMALE2 =
"! IS NO DI6];E 9 REG>D 6! 9T]NAL
ORGANS1 EXCEPT 9 RESPECT 6! WOMB1 &)
REF];E 6! APPE>.E ( ? ORGAN ,I M/ REF] !
R1D] 6DIAGRAMS 9 MY ,8,ANATOMY0'4 ,!
WOMB1 H["E1 IS SITUAT$ OV] ! B[EL1 &!
BLA4] LIES OV] ! WOMB4 ,B WE M/ TR1T 0&
0IN \R PAGES (! WOMB ( ALL FEMALE
ANIMALS VIEW$ G5],Y4 ,=! WOMBS ( ALL
FEMALE ANIMALS >E N ID5TICAL1 NEI D _!
LOCAL 4POSI;NS CO9CIDE4
  ,^! >E ! ORGANS1 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL1 (
MAN1 & S* IS _! NATURE & S* _! LOCAL
4POSI;N4